europe in flames. opener when is it alright for a nation to go to war? under what circumstances does...
TRANSCRIPT
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Europe in Flames
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Opener
• When is it alright for a nation to go to War? Under what circumstances does a country or people have the right to defend themselves?
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Rise of Fascism
• Axis Powers– Germany– Italy– Japan
• Fascism driven by– Political/Economic
problems Post WWI – People wanted strong
leaders
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What is Fascism
• Military Dictatorship• Racist Ultranationalistic• Partnership with
business to control market
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Benito Mussolini of Italy
• Prime Minister of Italy
• Anti-Communist/ Nationalistic
• Blackshirts -paramilitary group
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Il Duce
• 1925, led Fascismo single-party state
• Came from fasces, (Latin) A bundle of rods bound around an axe
• A Roman symbol of authority and strength
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Adolf Hitler of Germany
• Blamed Communists Foreign Powers
• Believed Jews controlled world’s finances
• Brownshirts or Schutzstaffel (SS)
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National Socialist (Nazi) Party• Attracted the unemployed• Won seats in Germany’s Parliament
(Reichstag)• Hitler named chancellor • Communists blamed for Reichstag fire
– Hitler takes dictatorial power– Police state crushes opposition
• Sources of Power:– Nationalistic theatrics, ceremony
and patriotism– bankrolled by militant
industrialists– supported by army /secret police
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Hitler’s Plans
• Reunite the German-speaking people
• Rearm Germany• Crush Jewish power• Expand Germany’s
land “Lebensraum”
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Japanese Imperialism
• Emperor Hirohito living god
• Warrior code indoctrinated soldier and society
• Militaristic Nationalists led by Hideki Tojo
• Invade China and SE Asia to to gain resources
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Fight for China
• 1937 Japanese invade China
• Takes Beijing, all major Chinese cities
• Japanese sink US ship- Panay
• FDR gave loans to Chinese Nationalists
• Began export ban to Japan
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American Neutrality 1935
• Italy Invades Ethiopia• Neutrality Act – Barred sale of arms to
all belligerents• Oil not part of
embargo – sales to Italy triple
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FDR and American Isolationism
• “America actively engages in the search for peace,”
• Recommended “quarantining” the aggressors
• acknowledging without identifying them
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Appeasement 1938
• March: Germany annexes Austria (Anschluss)
• September: German demands Sudetenland, German part of Czechoslovakia
• Munich- Britain / France accept demands – pressed Czechs give up
land• 1939: Hitler takes rest of
Czechoslovakia
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WWII 1939
• Hitler demanded City of Gdansk
• Germany/Soviet Union non-aggression pact
• September 1: Germany Invades Poland
• France/Britain declare war on Germany
• FDR didn’t have votes to overturn neutrality
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Nazi Onslaught
• Blitzkrieg “lightning war”– Coordinated attack Infantry,
Artillery, Tanks and Airplanes• Germany defeats
– Denmark– Norway– The Netherlands– Belgium– France
• Allied armies retreat• British escape at Dunkirk
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Roosevelt’s Stopgap• Cash and Carry: Allies can
buy US arms / transport themselves
• Italy joins Germany • Roosevelt freezes assets to
prevent Germans from using • FDR sells the British
“surplus” American arms• Trades American destroyers
to British for Caribbean bases
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Taking a Stand
• Congress approved Lend-Lease Act - $781 Billion (2012)
• Four Freedom speech • Atlantic Charter
outlining war aims• Shoot on Sight
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AIR RAID PEARL HARBOR. THIS IS NOT A DRILL
• Two Japanese air attacks– US loses 19 ships– 292 aircraft – 2,403 Americans,
military and civilian, had been killed
– 1,178 wounded• Roosevelt asks Congress
for a Declaration of War
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Closer
• Would you ever choose to go to war? Under what circumstances would you be willing to fight on behalf of your country?