European architecturehum2461

14th, 15th and 16th

centuriesInstructor: Ericka Ghersi

Events

1415: Henry the Navigator leads the conquest of Ceuta from the Moors marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire.

1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War.

1438: Pachacuti found the Inca Empire.

Events

1440–1469: Under Moctezuma I, the Aztecs become the dominant power in Mesoamerica.

1450s: Machu Picchu constructed.

1453: The Battle of Castillon is the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War and the first battle in European history where cannons were a major factor in deciding the battle.

Events

1469: The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile leads to the unification of Spain.

1481: Spanish Inquisition begins in practice with the first auto-da-fé.

Events

1492: Boabdil's surrender of Granada marks the end of the Spanish Reconquista and Al-Andalus.

1492: Jews expelled from Spain.1494: Spain and Portugal sign the

Treaty of Tordesillas.

Architecture

FRENCH ARCHITECTURE(14th, 15th, and 16th

centuries)

Best expression of 14th century:NOTRE DAME DE PARIS (1163-1323) Medieval architecture

Best expression of 16th century:

CHARTRES CATHEDRAL (1140-1500 CE) Medieval architecture

Architecture

ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE(14th, 15th, and 16th centuries)

Best expression of 11th and 12th centuriesPiazza del Duomo

Piazza del Duomo. Leaning Tower of Pisa.

• Tower of Pisa (1173)

• Construction started the year 1092.

• 177 years of construction.

• Medieval architecture.

Best expression of 16th and 17th centuries

The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter (1506-1626 CE)Renaissance and Mannerist architecture

Islamic conquest of the Christians (711-1492CE)

Muslim Arabs conquered and occupied the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years.

Moors called the territory Al Andalus (what is now Spain and Portugal)

Middle ages. Crusades. Reconquest starts with the formation of the

kingdom of Asturias by the Visigoths. By 1249, the reconquest of Portugal was

complete by the crusaders.

Map of the Muslim Conquest of Hispania

711 CE

Historic facts1. 1492: Emir Muhammad XII surrendered the

Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile.

2. Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon were the Catholic Monarchs.

3. The cultural and social contributions under Muslim rule still persist in Al-Andalus.

Ottonian architecture (10th century)

Saint Michael, Germany

Santa Maria del Naranco (848 CE)

• Visigothic architecture

• Belongs to the Kingdom of Asturias (North)

The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)

Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)

The Spanish Square (Seville, Andalusia)

Alcazar of Seville (inner courtyard)

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end of slide show

Questions

1.When Machu Picchu was built?

In 1450 (15th century).

Questions

1. What civilization became powerful in Mesoamerica between 1440-1469

(15th century)?

The Aztecs.

Questions

1. What did Pachacuti achieve in 1438?

2. What civilization became powerful in Mesoamerica between 1440 and 1469?

3. When Machu Picchu was built?

Questions

1. What are the names of the Spanish monarchs that unified Spain?

2. What is Spanish Inquisition?

3. When Jews are expelled from Spain?

Architecture

1. In what century Notre Dame of Paris was built?14th century (1163-1323CE).

2. In what century the Tower of Pisa was built?11th and 12th centuries (1092-1173) 177 years.

3. Is there any influence in Renaissance from Muslim art?

Yes, it is. There was not empty space when decorated walls or arches (Baroque).

Architecture

1. How is the Mudejar style? Symbiosis of techniques. Use of brick and tile. Geometrical

patterns.

2. In what century the Great Mosque of Cordova was built? 8th century.

3. When is the end of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula? Jan. 2nd , 1492 (15th century).

Architecture

1. How is the architecture in Spain before the Muslim Arabs?

How is the architecture in Spain through the 9th and 15th centuries?

In what century the Great Mosque of Cordova was built?

Architecture

1. In what century the Alhambra was built?

13th century.