european ict poles of excellence
DESCRIPTION
Participation by Daniel Nepelski (IPTS) at the I Workshop of Innovation and Strategy VLC / CAMPUS Program : “The advancement of knowledge-based activities: analysis, experiences and challenges”TRANSCRIPT
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Giuditta De Prato & Daniel NepelskiInstitute for Prospective Technological Studies - IPTS Joint Research Centre - European Commissionwww.jrc.es / is.jrc.es
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the presenter and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this presentation.
Polos de excelencia en las TICeuropeas
La geografía de las TIC y susimplicaciones
JRC-IPTS / CONNECT joint project nr 31786-2010-06http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/EIPE.html
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IPTSPart of the JRC of the EC
Mission“to provide customer-driven support to the EU policy-making process by developing science-based responses to policy challenges that have both a socio-economic as well as a scientific/technological dimension”
European Commission – Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS)
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EIPE project description
Mapping ICT in the EU
The anatomy of EIPE
Some implications
Overview
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EIPE project description
Mapping ICT in the EU
The anatomy of EIPE
Some implications
Overview
4
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Economic activity unevenly distributed (Krugman, 1991)Economic regions with most production will be more profitable and will attract even more production
Dependency and interactions between locations• Linkages between heterogeneous locations (Lahiri, 2010; Nieto &
Rodriguez, 2011; Sachwald, 2008)• Hubs and spokes of trade, R&D and innovation (De Benedictis &
Tajoli, 2011; De Prato & Nepelski, 2012)• The level of connectedness determines a location’s position in the
global hierarchy (Cantwell & Janne, 1999; Meyer, Mudambi, & Narula, 2011).
Research concepts
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Research concepts
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Mapping and connecting the dots• Where are the European poles of ICT activity?• What roles do they play in the global context?
But before• What is an EIPE?• What are the characteristics and the corresponding
quantitative indicators of EIPEs?• How to identify them?
Research concepts
European ICT Poles of Excellence
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European ICT Poles of Excellence are
Definition
geographical agglomerationsof best performing
ICTR&D, innovation & business
activities,located in the EU,
that exert a central role in
global networks
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BusinessInnovationR&D
Agglomeration
Internationalisation
Networking
ICT ActivitiesC
hara
cter
istic
s of
ICT
activ
ities
Methodological framework
Crépon, Duguet & Mairesse – CDM – Model (1998)
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1. R&D centre location (HIS iSuppli)2. REGPAT (EPO/OECD)3. QS World University Ranking4. ORBIS (Bureau van Dijk)5. European Investment Monitor
(Ernst&Young)6. Venture source (Dow Jones)7. FP7 (DG Connect)8. Web of Knowledge (Thomson
Reuters)
42 Indicators
Methodological framework
Fully based on a set of acknowledged,
available and broad encompassing
primary data sources
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Generating the EIPE Identity Card of each of the 1303 regions
Methodological framework
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ICT R&D Agglomeration
indicators
ICT R&D Internationalisation
indicators
ICT R&D Networking indicators
ICT Innovation Agglomeration
indicators
ICT Innovation Internationalisation
indicators
ICT Innovation Networking indicators
ICT Business Agglomeration
indicators
ICT Business Internationalisation
indicators
ICT Business Networking indicators
ICT R&D composite indicator
ICT Innovation composite indicator
ICT Business composite indicator
EIPE composite indicator
..and the EIPE composite indicators
Methodological framework
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Within a framework supported by literature
we developed a method
processed heterogeneous databases
covering the whole of EU27 at NUTS3 level
measuring the domain of ICT
by means of >40 indicators (the EIPE ID Card)
Mapping 1300 regions
identifying who is “first–in–class”
And much more…
Methodological framework
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The outcome
EIPE tool
Concepts
Methods
Information & data
A monitoring tool to measure and assess the ICT activity in Europe
MappingICT activity
in Europe
Benchmarking locations
Detailed profilesof places
of interest
Beyond mapping…
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EIPE project description
Mapping ICT in the EU
The anatomy of EIPE
Some implications
Overview
15
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Mapping ICT in EU
http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html
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Mapping ICT in EU
http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html
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ICT R&D sub-indicator
Mapping ICT in EU
http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html
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ICT Innovationsub-indicator
Mapping ICT in EU
http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html
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ICT Business activitysub-indicator
Mapping ICT in EU
20http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html
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201
454
327
124
7252
2511 8 8 3 7 2 3 2 1 3
0
100
200
300
400
500
Freq
uenc
y
0 20 40 60 80 10021
Mapping ICT in EU
EIPE Indicator Final Ranking:Frequency
1st tier
40<EIPE<100: top 34 regions
2nd tier3rd tier
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Mapping ICT in EU
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The results are available as:
‣ The ATLAS ‣ The online mapping tool
The ATLAS of ICT activity in Europe
23http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/eipe/atlas.html
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EIPE project description
Mapping ICT in the EU
The anatomy of EIPE
Some implications
Overview
24
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The anatomy of EIPE
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New investments by activity
Lon
don
Dar
mst
adt
Par
is
Du
blin
Cop
enh
agen
The anatomy of EIPE
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The anatomy of EIPE
Paris: ~7% of the total FP7 budget
Darmstadt: 0.2% of the EU Venture
Capital funding (0.03% of the EU population) Copenhagen:
2% of all new investments in the ICT sector in the EU
(1% of the EU population)
London: >5% of EU total R&D by
ICT firms
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The anatomy of EIPE
• Very strong concentration of R&D financing in terms of
• Location,
• Actors,
• Activities
• Money follows, among others, performance
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The anatomy of EIPE
Darmstadt: internationalisation of
ICT innovation>10% of patents cover inventions
developed jointly with inventors from
outside of Germany
Paris: Outward ICT R&D internationalisation
Dublin: Inward ICT business internationalisation
>320 (out of 450) affiliates of ICT R&D Scoreboard companies
from outside of Ireland
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The anatomy of EIPE
• Intensive internationalisation of all types of activities
• However, one size does not fit all
• Internationalisation of each activity follows different pattern
• Each region has a different portfolio of partners
• Some show more local orientation (within the EU), while others have far reaching connections (US & Asia)
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The anatomy of EIPE
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The anatomy of EIPE
• Complex web of connections
• Various roles, positions, …
• Different network structures emerging for
• Activities, locations, …
• Unclear implications…
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EIPE project description
Mapping ICT in the EU
The anatomy of EIPE
Some implications
Overview
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A very concentrated landscape Consistent with theory of agglomeration and method
R&D, Innovation and business activity equally important and observable
BUT DIVERSITY DOMINATES
EIPE are the main hubs in local, European and global networks
Asymmetrical dependencies oppose the image of disconnected peripheries
Network position matters
Excellence builds on high performance across all activities
Strong clustering of ICT activities
Top EIPEs are the epicentres of EU ICT activities Which extend beyond their local boundaries And network globally
Excellence is scarce
Some implications
Germany distributed, France centralised…. Probably echoes the historical/institutional rootsNational patterns appear
Epicentres identified at NUTS3 level Economic rationale guides a geographical spread
Spatial agglomeration respect no administrative boundary
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Questions? Thank you!