European Students United for

the Geological Heritage

Bilateral COMENIUS School Partnership Project

Last year, 2012-2013 began the COMENIUS project among the IES José Marín and the Gymnasium Willibald of Eichstätt in Bavaria

Our hosts we met in June with our 11 day visit to Germany. Our goal was to meet and exchange knowledge on the heritage in General and the geological survey in particular. In the image, in the

paleontological museum of Eichstätt

Our Institute "José Marín" is in the region of Los Vélez, in the province of Almería, Autonomous Community of

Andalusia, Spain and Europe

In Los Vélez are cave paintings that are a symbol of the province,

as the Indalo or sorcerer, is the case of the cave of the signs or the

Cave of Ambrosio.La region consists of the following villages:

Vélez Rubio, Vélez Blanco, María and Chirivel

In the region, lies the Natural Park of Sierra María -

Los Vélez, located in the northern part of the

province of Almeria, close to the neighboring

provinces of Granada and Murcia

The Region of Los Vélez is of rural vocation

Vélez Rubio is the administrative center of the region. It has an area of 282 square kilometers and 7.071 inhabitants approximately. Its heritage is enriched archaeological sites and remains of civilizations, as well as the Arab fortress of El Castellón Hill and the Church of the Incarnation

At more than 1.000 meters, Vélez-Blanco, is a mount Maimón skirt. It highlights the castle which belonged to the Marquis of the Vélez

María is a village of about 1.000 inhabitants, which is 1.200 meters above sea level. It is part of the Natural Park. The

winters are cold and snowy; Summers are warm and short

Chirivel has an area of 197 square kilometers and 1.811 inhabitants

approximately. He is the archaeological site of El Villar, which owns parts of Roman

origin: columns and capitals.

The counter is a district of the municipality of Chirivel, where notably the Museum of Esparto, unique in Europe and the Church of San Antonio of Padua

Topares is a district of the municipality of Vélez-Blanco

Cañadas de Canepla is village of Maria. An environment worthy of Kings in microclimate, temperature, nature, birds, endemic species and close the first man of Western Europe remains ORCE man.

GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF ANDALUSIA (I)

Sierra Nevada ski resort

Formation of the Baetic Mountains

1st STAGE

(250 millions of years ago)

RIFT CONTINENTAL

The Pangea is divided into different continents by hot

spots

2nd STAGE

Generates the ridge between Iberia and África appears the Tethys Sea. Appear

the ammonites

3rd STAGE

(65 millions of years ago) The Tethys Sea begins to

close and subduction occurs. Appear the corals

4th STAGE COLLISION of CONTINENTS

Disappears the Tethys Sea collision and

there is the collision which gives rise to the mountains of the Baetic Mountains (Alpine

Orogeny)

5th STAGE Begins the phase of Rift in the Cabo de Gata area by a hot spot again. The Mediterranean

expands

María mountain

Ammonites found in María Mountain, Natural Park Sierra

María - Los Vélez mountain. Age between 250 and 65 million

years

Ammonites found in the Naturpark Altmühltal. Age between 250 and 65 million

years

Hill of the Castellón

Nummulite fossil approximate age: 30 million years

The Filabres mountain Macael white marble quarries

Sierra Nevada Relief glacier

GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF ANDALUSIA (II)

Inside Mountains Basins

basin of Almanzora

Located in the middle of the province of Almeria, where it passes the river Almanzora

On the walls of the basin of the river you can see strata where you see lots of fossils, such as shells, ostraeas, coral, sea urchins, teeth shark, etc. This indicates that previously this area was under the sea and that it was a likely place for the formation of corals

Basin of Sorbas Karst of Gypsum

It is a complex of caves, canyons, dolines, geodes, and other karst

phenomena, excavated by the Río Aguas in a deposit of gypsum to the

South of the town of Sorbas in Almeria. It has an area of 12 square

kilometers with more than 1,000 cavities excavated with number of galleries filled with stalactites and stalagmites.

It is one of the karst evaporitic most important in the

world. The network of underground caves extends tens of

kilometers under the desert of gypsum. It was declared a

nature reserve by the Junta de Andalucía in 1989

Volcanoes of Cabo de Gata

Magmatic rocks of Cabo de Gata are volcanic character. Makes 15 to 9 million years started the magmatic activity in the Alboran Sea and corals, marine sediments, volcanic funds occurs. Later, about 8 million years ago, produced a second volcanic cycle

Some volcanic buildings emerge, giving rise to air eruptions. It occurs in the Tertiary Age, when it begins the opening of the Mediterranean Sea. The original relief forms have practically disappeared, although we can find remains of basaltic columns.

GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF ANDALUSIA (III)

The Karstic Landscape

The Torcal of Antequera It is a Natural area of 1,171 acres. It is located in Antequera, in the province of Malaga. It is

known for the whimsical shapes different erosive agents have shaped in its limestone, constitute an outstanding example of karst landscape

This aquifer covers an area of 200 square kilometers, all the Parque Natural of Sierra Maria to Orce. It supplies water to Vélez-Blanco and Vélez-Rubio, both domestic consumption and irrigation

Sierra de María and Maimon aquifer

karstic phenomena in los Vélez

This cave is located in the town of María and is one of the largest in the province, contains columns, stalactites and stalagmites

Cave of the Gitana

Sinkhole of Roquez

This sinkhole is located in the town of Chirivel. It contains some of the best

formations of a karst landscape in the province. Currently its genesis is

complete, since it is completely dry

GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF ANDALUSIA (IV) Structural Relief

It is one of the most significant geological accidents of all Andalusia. It is source of

earthquakes in the Spanish front

Presents a leap that marks differences in the terrain

around 25 meters.Extends 15 km long.

The Fault of Nigüelas. Granada

The Peat bog of Padul

Wetlands and peatlands of the Padul are a natural space within the Natural Park of Sierra Nevada in Granada province. The set of ponds

and bogs is an area of 327 hectares

In the year 1943 began work of exploitation of peat (coal) and remains

of mammoths

PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC HERITAGE OF ANDALUSIA AND LOS VÉLEZ

The Cueva de Ambrosio Painting of horse with 18,000

years old

The cave Natural Monument of Ambrose opens onto a cliff of almost 100 m in height

in Velez Blanco. It's one of the most important Paleolithic sites in the Southeast Spanish with paintings of 18,000 years old

Cave of The Letreros

The cave of The Letreros is in the municipality of Vélez-Blanco. Its dimensions are 25 feet wide by about

6 of depth and an altitude that ranges in the central area between 8 and 10 meters.

It contains a number of figures dating around 5000 BC. Among them is the "El BRUJO"

DOLMENS Dolmen of Menga. Antequera. Malaga.

Its attributed function is the collective grave. They were built during the final Neolithic and the Chalcolithic. A consistent megalithic construction, usually in several slabs wedged in the ground in a vertical position and a cover slab supported on them in a horizontal position. The Group makes up a camera.

Dolmen de Menga. Antequera

The Dolmen de Viera (Antequera. Malaga), belongs to the category of Chamber and corridor, showing a long corridor.

The Park Magalitico de Gorafe (Granada), is an area with more than 190 dolmens, prehistoric vestiges dating from the end of the Neolithic age to the bronze age. These megalithic tombs (dolmens) constitute one of the

funeral of greater importance in Europe. Surrounded by an extraordinary landscape called Bad Lands.

Roman villa of del Villar. Chirivel

It is a Roman villa of the first century After Christ. Located at the foot of the Via Augusta, that interesting geometric pavements have been found:

Ceramic vessels and remains of a furnace

And two pieces of high time marble imperial: the first, the left foot of a belonging to a male figure sculpture,. And the second is a figure representing the God Dionysus.

The Alhambra in Granada The Alhambra is a palatal Andalusian town located in Granada.

It is a palatial complex rich and fortress that housed the monarch and the Court of the Nasrid Kingdom in the period of Arab rule in Spain

The Castellón is one of the mountains surrounding in Velez Rubio. At the top are the ruins of the first Velez Rubio, Muslim watch alcazaba at the Hamar

(Velez red)

The Castellón

The Citadel of the Castellón is Muslim period (711-1492)

The Hill of the Jewish Muslim necropolis

It is located in Velez Blanco. It is a Muslim cemetery, characterized by narrow graves where the bodies were buried

facing toward Mecca

Velez Blanco Castle

He was ordered to be built in 1506 by don Pedro Fajardo, Marquis of the Vélez

Its construction finished in 1515. The Castle combines Gothic and Renaissance styles

In 1905 the courtyard of the castle was sold and is currently at the Metropolitan Museum of New York,

assembled as you can see in the image

Seen from anywhere inside or outside of the village of Velez Rubio, it was built between 1753 and 1768. Built by the Marquis of los Vélez X after the earthquake of 1751, who ruined the original church of San Pedro. The cover with a real decorative repertoire of the era, highlighting the coat of arms of the House and the Annunciation on top. Religious building more characteristic, spectacular and valuable Almeria baroque of the 18th century. Historical monument of national character since 1981.

Church of the Incarnation

Doors of Lorca and Church of the Incarnation

MANSIONS OF VÉLEZ RUBIO They are Baroque and modernist style. The highlight of these houses and public buildings are facades painted in colors and their many decorative elements. The

interiors are also decorated with paintings

Old Royal Hospital, now a museum. Civil

Baroque

Art Nouveau mansion with murals

Vélez Rubio Health Center

The young architectural firm design new health center and the day nursery of Velez Rubio. The idea is inspired by the weathering of rocks of Maimon, important to connect with the people and the environment.

New Municipal nursery

THE INSTITUTE OF EDUCACTION SECONDARY JOSÉ MARÍN

The Institute of secondary education Jose Marin is located in the Almeriense municipality of Velez Rubio, he has 60 years of antiquity. It is

the only school in the region of Los Vélez which is taught completely compulsory secondary education, secondary education and various

training courses.

The IES Jose Marin was founded in 1954. It owes its name to the illustrious velezano D. José Marín, orphan and poor

before that wealthy philanthropist. In August 1958 26.905 square meters were purchased for an amount of 403.375

pesetas and 3.942.418 pesetas were more invested in construction and preparation of a field of agricultural practices

The center currently has more than 600 students, mostly from Velez Rubio, region de los Vélez and environment. Boys and girls are picked up by the bus of

the towns Topares, Cañadas of Canepla, María, Vélez-Blanco, Chirivel, El Contador, Las Vertientes, Los Cerricos, Los Gatos, Fuente Grande, the

Asensios...

In the Center are taught the teachings of teaching departments: philosophy, biology and geology, classical, Spanish language and literature, geography and history,

mathematics, physics and chemistry, languages, artistic, orientation, technology, administration, training and labour orientation, management of natural resources,

extracurricular and training, assessment and innovation activities

In our Center are carried out numerous activities in which a large number of students participating each year and contribute their grain of sand

These activities can be: Mathematical Olympiad (regional level)

Christmas postcard contest Biology and geology by Andalusia Eastern tour

Contest of photography of equal gender League of recesses (football)

The 4th study ESO tour Exchange school contest with Germany

And ended with a video that took place a few years ago in our https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fGiA48JzUE

WELCOME TO SPAIN and JOSÉ MARÍN IES!!