evaluating biophysical impacts of land cover in clm and vr ...burakowski, june 22, 2016, cesm-lmwg...
TRANSCRIPT
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Evaluating Biophysical Impacts of Land Cover in CLM and VR-CESM with Ameriflux Tower Clusters
CESM Land Model Working Group Breckenridge, CO June 22, 2016
Elizabeth Burakowski, UNH & NCAR Scott Ollinger, Andrew Ouimette, Lucie Lepine
Gordon Bonan, Ahmed Tawfik, Colin Zarzycki, NCAR Kim Novick, Indiana University
Photo by David Lutz
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1880s 2010
Harvard University David Foster
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Intrinsic Biophysical Factorization
Lee et al. 2011 4
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
Assume a forest and adjacent open field share same background climate:
Difference in surface temperature (Open – Forest)
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Intrinsic Biophysical Factorization
Lee et al. 2011 5
Radiative forcing due to changes in
ALBEDO
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
Assume a forest and adjacent open field share same background climate:
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Intrinsic Biophysical Factorization
Lee et al. 2011 6
Radiative forcing due to changes in
ALBEDO
Energy Redistribution due to changes in
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
Assume a forest and adjacent open field share same background climate:
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Intrinsic Biophysical Factorization
Lee et al. 2011 7
Radiative forcing due to changes in
ALBEDO
Energy Redistribution due to changes in
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Energy Redistribution due to changes in
BOWEN RATIO
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
Assume a forest and adjacent open field share same background climate:
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Approach: Eddy Covariance Towers
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• Meteorological forcing • Turbulent energy fluxes (latent, sensible) • Radiative fluxes (incoming and outgoing
shortwave and longwave)
Eddy Covariance
Tower Clusters
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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A tale of two Durhams
9 Insert scale bar
1500 m
Durham, NH UNH
Durham, NC Duke
Durham, NH
Durham, NC
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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1500 m
UNH Tower Cluster, Durham, NH
10
Cornfield Feb 2014-present
Deciduous Forest May 2014-present
Hayfield Feb 2014-present
United States Climate Reference Network (USCRN)
UNH Eddy Covariance Tower
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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Duke Tower Cluster Durham, NC
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Open Field
Hardwood Forest
Loblolly Pine
Duke Eddy Covariance Towers 2004-2008 analysis period
Novick et al., 2015; Juang et al. 2007
Image from Stoy et al. 2006
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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Approach: Point CLM4.5 Simulations
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• Forced with tower meteorological data, not coupled to the atmosphere, 35 yr spin up
• Assigned plant functional type:
Eddy Covariance
Tower Clusters
PTCLM4.5 Land only
Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest
C3 Non-Arctic Grass
Duke UNH Duke UNH
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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0.5
1
1.5
0
0.5
0
1
0
1.5
1
0.99
0.95
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.50.4
0.30.20.10
Nor
mal
ized
sta
ndar
d de
viat
ion
Co r r e l a t i on Coe f f i c i en t
RM
SD
ReferenceUS−Dk1 λEUS−KF1US−Dk2US−TF1US−Dk3US−MF1US−Dk1 HUS−KF1US−Dk2US−TF1US−Dk3US−MF1US−Dk1 RnUS−KF1US−Dk2US−TF1US−Dk3US−MF1
PTCLM4.5 Performance, ���Turbulent Fluxes and Net Radiation
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Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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Approach: Variable Resolution CESM
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Eddy Covariance
Tower Clusters
PTCLM4.5 Land only
VR-CESM1.3 Land-Atm Coupled
• Atmosphere-land coupled global simulation, 1979-2008
• Prescribed SSTs & sea ice
• CESM1.3 (CLM4.5, CAM5.3)
• 1 degree è 0.25 degree
• Fractional land cover Zarzycki et al. 2015
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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Approach: Annual, Winter, Summer
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Eddy Covariance
Tower Clusters
PTCLM4.5 Land Only
VR-CESM1.3 Land-Atm Coupled
Intrinsic Biophysical Factors
Radiative Roughness Bowen Lee et al. 2011
Hourly Hourly 3-Hourly
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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−10−5
05
10(a) Ameriflux Radiative
Tower
−10−5
05
10(b) Ameriflux Roughness
−10−5
05
10(c) Ameriflux Bowen
−10−5
05
10(d) Ameriflux Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−10−5
05
10
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Ameriflux Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3NAG − BDT, Annual 2015
Intrinsic Biophysical Factors, Annual���Open – Forest ΔTs
16
Burakowski et al., in prep
UNH Cluster Durham, NH
open land warmer
open land cooler
TOWER MODEL
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
RADIATIVE
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
-
−10−5
05
10(a) Ameriflux Radiative
Tower
−10−5
05
10(b) Ameriflux Roughness
−10−5
05
10(c) Ameriflux Bowen
−10−5
05
10(d) Ameriflux Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−10−5
05
10
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Ameriflux Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3NAG − BDT, Annual 2015
Intrinsic Biophysical Factors, Annual���Open – Forest ΔTs
17
Burakowski et al., in prep
UNH Cluster Durham, NH
open land warmer
open land cooler
TOWER MODEL
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
RADIATIVE
ROUGHNESS
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
-
−10−5
05
10(a) Ameriflux Radiative
Tower
−10−5
05
10(b) Ameriflux Roughness
−10−5
05
10(c) Ameriflux Bowen
−10−5
05
10(d) Ameriflux Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−10−5
05
10
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Ameriflux Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3NAG − BDT, Annual 2015
Intrinsic Biophysical Factors, Annual���Open – Forest ΔTs
18
Burakowski et al., in prep
UNH Cluster Durham, NH
open land warmer
open land cooler
TOWER MODEL
RADIATIVE
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
BOWEN
ROUGHNESS
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
-
−10−5
05
10(a) Ameriflux Radiative
Tower
−10−5
05
10(b) Ameriflux Roughness
−10−5
05
10(c) Ameriflux Bowen
−10−5
05
10(d) Ameriflux Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−10−5
05
10
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Ameriflux Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3NAG − BDT, Annual 2015
Intrinsic Biophysical Factors, Annual���Open – Forest ΔTs
19
Burakowski et al., in prep
UNH Cluster Durham, NH
open land warmer
open land cooler
TOWER MODEL
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
RADIATIVE
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
BOWEN
ROUGHNESS
Rad + Rough + Bowen
SUM
-
−10−5
05
10(a) Ameriflux Radiative
Tower
−10−5
05
10(b) Ameriflux Roughness
−10−5
05
10(c) Ameriflux Bowen
−10−5
05
10(d) Ameriflux Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−10−5
05
10
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Ameriflux Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3NAG − BDT, Annual 2015
Intrinsic Biophysical Factors, Annual���Open – Forest ΔTs
20
Burakowski et al., in prep
UNH Cluster Durham, NH
open land warmer
open land cooler
TOWER MODEL
−9−6−3
0369
(a) Tower Radiative
Tower
−9−6−3
0369
(b) Tower Roughness
−9−6−3
0369
(c) Tower Bowen
−9−6−3
0369
(d) Tower Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−9−6−3
0369
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Tower Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3 Non−Arctic Grass minus Broadleaf Deciduous Temperate Forest Annual 2015 Biophysical Factors
RADIATIVE
ROUGHNESS
ACTUAL
ΔTs ≈LWoutεσ
4
BOWEN
Rad + Rough + Bowen
SUM
-
Intrinsic Biophysical Factors, Annual���Open – Forest ΔTs
21
Duke Cluster Durham, NC
open land warmer
open land cooler
TOWER MODEL
RADIATIVE
ROUGHNESS
BOWEN
ACTUAL
Rad + Rough + Bowen
SUM
Burakowski et al., in prep
ΔTs ≈LWoutεσ
4
−10−5
05
10 (a) Ameriflux Radiative
Tower
−10−5
05
10 (b) Ameriflux Roughness
−10−5
05
10 (c) Ameriflux Bowen
−10−5
05
10 (d) Ameriflux Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24−10−5
05
10
Hour (Local Time)
(e) Ameriflux Actual
(f) PTCLM, VR−CESM Radiative
PTCLMVR−CESM
(g) PTCLM, VR−CESM Roughness
(h) PTCLM, VR−CESM Bowen
(i) PTCLM, VR−CESM Sum
0 4 8 12 16 20 24Hour (Local Time)
(j) PTCLM, VR−CESM Actual
∆ T
s (°
C) [
Ope
n −
Fore
st]
C3NAG − BDT Annual
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Annual Intrinsic Biophysical Factors���VR-CESM1.3
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Roughness is dominant biophysical factor influencing annual differences in surface skin temperature in coupled model.
1979-2008
= + +
= Figure 3c from Lee et al. 2011 ΔTs ≈
LWoutεσ
4
Burakowski et al. in prep
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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Winter Intrinsic Biophysical Factors���VR-CESM1.3
23
Roughness is dominates in south Albedo dominates in north.
1979-2008
= + +
= ΔTs ≈LWoutεσ
4
Burakowski et al. in prep
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
-
Summer Intrinsic Biophysical Factors���VR-CESM1.3
24
Roughness dominates eastern US. Bowen results in slight cooling.
1979-2008
= + +
= ΔTs ≈LWoutεσ
4
Burakowski et al. in prep
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
-
25
Key Findings
• Open land generally cooler at night, warmer during day
• Modeled biophysical components (radiative, bowen, roughness) similar to tower observations.
• Actual differences in skin temperature not always consistent with sum of intrinsic biophysical factors.
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
-
26
Future Work
• Apply Intrinsic Biophysical Mechanism framework to other biome clusters (boreal, tropical) in PTCLM and VR-CESM
• Evaluate implications of surface roughness on land management
• Assess impacts of warmer climate, reduced snowpack on biophysical factors
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO
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Acknowledgements
National Science Foundation Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) Award #1101245
Computing, processing, and data storage provided by the NCAR Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL)
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Ecology Program NNX12AK56G S01
USDA New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station
email: [email protected]
Burakowski, June 22, 2016, CESM-LMWG Breckenridge, CO