evaluating the performance of new and in ......- condirezione generale tecnica – direzione...

ANAS S.p.A. - Condirezione Generale Tecnica – Direzione Centrale Ricerca e Nuove Tecnologie

Centro Sperimentale Stradale

Pavement Evaluation 2014 September 15 -18, 2014 Blacksburg, VIRGINIA

EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW AND IN-SERVICE PAVEMENTS IN ITALY USING HIGH-SPEED

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

Ing. Stefano Drusin [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




ANAS Company Profile Key facts & figures

Established in 1928

Joint-stock company (100% property of Ministry of Treasury)

Quality certified (e.g. UNI ISO 9001/2000 and 17020/2005)

Share Capital: 2,269,892,000 Euro

Turnover: 2,900,000,000 Euro (in the last 5 years)

Employees: 6,700 (6,500 in Italy)

Managed Road/Motorway network : 25,000 km

Pag. 2




ANAS Company Profile

Mission

Managing Italian national road network

Construction of new highway and motorways

Maintenance of the national road and motorway network

Works Supervision on all road works

Study and research on safety and road maintenance

Pag. 3




Pag. 4

Research and Innovation ANAS invests significant resources in research and innovation in all road related activities (materials; road safety; road management, etc.)..

The Cesano National Research Centre is the scientific, and technical heart of ANAS setting standards, quality criteria and best practices for the entire road infrastructure




Pag. 5

ASPHALT CONCRETE

LABORATORY

CONCRETE AND STEEL LABORATORY

SOIL AND ROCK LABORATORY

VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SIGN

LABORATORY

HIGH SPEED SURVEY




Pag. 6

ROAD PAVEMENTS have been deeply changed due to the SCIENTIFIC EVOLUTION in this field

STARTING FROM EMPIRICAL SOLUTIONs BASED ON EXPERIENCE PAVEMENTS EARNED THE DIGNITY OF SCIENCE

THIS IS ANAS PERFORMANCES

BASED METHODOLOGY 2013

PAVEMENTS ARE NOW TREATED SUCH AS A PROPER STRUCTURE TO BE DESIGNED

not only in terms of materials, thickness, etc BUT MAINLY IN TERMS OF PERFORMANCES TO BE

GAINED IN THE FIELD

DESIGN

LAYING CONTROL

PERFORMANCEs PROVIDED BY CONTRACTORS MUST BE VERIFIABLE

IN EACH PART OF THE WORK

1928

DESIGN




Pag. 7

ANAS network about 25.000 Km

Evaluation of Actual Network Condition

Pavement Design

Testing and Approval of Works

Maintenance of existing road

New road construction

All step integrated in the ANAS management

system based on performance evaluation

Pavement Construction




1- STEP OF EVALUATION OF THE ACTUAL NETWORK CONDITION TROUGH THE HIGH EFFICENCY SURVEY

3 - STEP OF PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION

2 - STEP OF PAVEMENT DESIGN FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION OR FOR MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING PAVEMENT

4 - STEP OF QUALITY CONTROL TROUGH THE HIGH EFFICENCY SURVEY FOR FINAL APPROUVAL OF WORK

Pag. 8




Pag. 9

The ANAS Management System is based on Performance Indicator (PI)connected to Technical Parameter (TP)

The PI is a non-dimensional measurement unit, which varies from 0 to 100, and measures the DIFFUSION of the TP that is under evaluation.

Its distribution, in the different levels of QUALITY of the TP, defines the state of the pavement

An illustrative example for the TP “skid resistance” clarifies the concept




TECHNICAL PARAMETER In this example SKID NUMBER CAT

QUALITY LEVELS

A B C D E

Excellent Good Medium Sufficient Bad

The averaged diffusion of the different levels represent the Performance Indicator of skid resistance

ANAS formula to averaged this diffusion could be

I CAT= f (A+3/4B+1/2C+1/4D)

A% --------> Percentage of pavement at level A B% --------> Percentage of pavement at level B C% --------> Percentage of pavement at level C D% --------> Percentage of pavement at level D etc.

Pag. 10




ICAT = Performance Indicator of skid resistance In this way the index varies from 0 to 100

IF A = 100% I CAT = 100 IF A,B,C,D = 0% I CAT = 0

Following the suggested formula:

I CAT= f (A+3/4B+1/2C+1/4D)

Pag. 11




Pag. 12

The ANAS Management System is based on measurement of the overall Quality of the road starting from the Technical Parameters.

ANAS proposes the today best technology to fast measure each parameters taking into account environmental and traffic constraints.

Technical Parameters are measured trough the HIGH SPEED EQUIPMENT that measure the road on site, continuously, with high accuracy, high speed, and extremely low impact on traffic.

The ANAS Management System is based on performance indicator (PI)

For each evaluation more than one parameter is needed, for example the pavement parameters are:

NEW

• Roughness

• Bearing Capacity

• Distresses

• Traffic Noise

• Skid Resistance




Pag. 13

TP PAV

ERMES ROUTINE EVALUATION OF MACROTEXTURE, EVENNES AND SKID RESISTANCE

FWD - “FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER”

TSD - TRAFFIC SPEED DEFLECTOMETER

HORIZONTAL SIGN FSD Dynamic Road Phonometer




TRAFFIC SPEED DEFLECTOMETER

BEARING CAPACITY COLLECTED AT HIGH SPEED

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

NEW

IN CONNECTION WITH “SLOW” FWD TEST

Pag. 14




ANAS HAS DEVELOPED Since 2009 THE USE OF

TSD FOR FINAL APPROVAL OF

WORK

FIRST INTERNATIONAL TSD TRIAL IN DENMARK

2013 DENMARK 1° TSD

ITALY AUSTRALIA POLAND

Pag. 15




DEPENDS ON CONTRIBUTION BY ALL DIFFERENT LAYERS

PROVIDES INDICATIONS ON THE BC OF SUBGRADE

BEARING CAPACITY IS THE RESULT OF EACH COMPONENT

such as MATERIAL, LAYERS, THEIR INTERACTION

INCLUDED ANY CRACK INSIDE THEM

THE SHAPE OF DEFLECTIONS BASIN

… DEFLECTIONS FARREST FROM THE LOAD (D1500)

Pag. 16

BEATRING CAPACITY MEASUREMENT




DEFLECTION BASINS CAN BE MEASURED WITH

TWO ALTERNATIVES EQUIPEMENTS

F.W.D. FALLING WHEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER

T.S.D. TRAFFIC SPEED DEFLECTOMETER

FWD and TSD measure same parameter by different systems and different speed.

850 KPa

Pag. 17




Pag. 18

Measuring Pavement Bearing Capacity with Traditional System

D200

D300

D900

D1500 D

0

IS300 = D0 - D300 IS200 = D0 - D200

RP control Deep repair

RS control Surface repair

adjusted to consider the deformability of the substrate

Applied stress load (1700 kPa) to simulate traffic conditions Recorded air temperature at each measurement

( )testing

testing

TC

T

C eISIS −×° = 1414

IS indexes are corrected and reported to standard conditions (14 ° C)

Ttesting = Tair (easy to evaluate).




Pag. 19

IS300 = D0 - D300

IS200 = D0 - D200

RP control Deep repair

RS control Surface repair

Stress load is applied continuously by a 12 tons loaded wheel rolling at 80 km/h Multiple temperature recordings

CALCULATED VALUES ARE THE SAME

MEASUREMENTS ARE CONTINUOUSLY RECORDED (1 m)

AND AVERAGED EVERY 10 m

Measuring Pavement Bearing Capacity with ANAS TSD




Connessione via modem o diretta

ANAS s.p.a. - Codirezione Generale Tecnica - Unità Ricerca e Innovazione – Centro Sperimentale Stradale

Siti sperimentali e risultati ottenuti

SS1 “Aurelia” km 23.500

WIM

and temperature

sensors

Pag. 20

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

01/08/2009 0.00 06/08/2009 0.00 11/08/2009 0.00 16/08/2009 0.00 21/08/2009 0.00 26/08/2009 0.00 31/08/2009 0.00

Temp_10cm_AvgBELLS3Tpav from air

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

14/08/20090.00

14/08/200912.00

15/08/20090.00

15/08/200912.00

16/08/20090.00

16/08/200912.00

17/08/20090.00

17/08/200912.00

18/08/20090.00

18/08/200912.00

19/08/20090.00

Temp_aria_Avg Temp_superfice_Avg

Temp_05cm_Avg Temp_10cm_Avg

BELLS3 Tpav from air

Temp_15cm_Avg Temp_20cm_Avg

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

14/08/20090.00

14/08/200912.00

15/08/20090.00

15/08/200912.00

16/08/20090.00

16/08/200912.00

17/08/20090.00

17/08/200912.00

18/08/20090.00

18/08/200912.00

19/08/20090.00

Temp_10cm_Avg

BELLS3

Tpav from air

IS300 versus Tair

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Tair (°C)

IS30

0 (m

icro

n)

IS-Tair ANAS c=0.037

IS-Tair ANAS c=0.022

IS-Tair Baltzer and Janzen

IS-Tair b English Standard HD 29/08

ANAS for RSC=0.022

ANAS for RPC=0.037

from Baltzer and Janzen

English standard




NON RESTRICTED (VALID) AREA required by the acceptance RESTRICTED AREA RESTRICTED

AREA

ACCEPTANCE CURVE

BEARING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT’S CRITERIA

EXAMPLE

PENALITY

ACCEPTED

AVERAGE VALUES IS FALLING WITHIN “ VALID AREA” - IF HIGHER THAN FIXED ONES WILL BE UNDER PENALTY - IF LOWER THEY WILL BE ACCEPTED

- DESIGNED IS300 VALUE IS CALCULATED FOR THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE

DESIGNED IS300

- SINCE IS300 IS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE

SOME TEMPERATURE CONSTRAINTS MUST BE CONSIDERED

Pag. 21




BEARING CAPACITY and FATIGUE LIFE ARE CHECKED WITH ONE SINGLE HIGH PERFORMANCE TEST

NEW CURVES IN PROGRESS FOR IS COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION Present acceptance curves IS showed troubles in case of excessive use of recycled materials (RAP)

Very strong pavements showed very low values of Is with negative influence on long term perfomance and reduction of residual life

Due to this Is acceptance curve have been adjusted to be sure that designed fatigue life of mixes will be obtained

IS

Pag. 22




0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000

TEN

SIO

NE

APPL

ICA

TA σ

daN

/cm

q

CICLI A ROTTURA

CURVE DI FATICA

FATIGUE RESISTANCE IS CHECKED COMPARING VARIOUS MIXES WITH A REFERENCE ONE – THE GREEN ONE

FATIGUE OF MIXES IS TESTED BY ITS TESTS BASED ON

SINUSOIDAL LOAD AT 10Hz AND 20 °C Air Temperature

Pag. 23

FAST ANAS MEASUREMENT OF FATIGUE LIFE




TO PREVENT CONTRATORS FROM USING TOO RIGID MIXES WITH LESS DEFORMABILTY BUT LESS RESIDUAL LIFE, A LOWER ACCEPTANCE CURVE WAS ADDED TO THE UPPER ONE.

IS VALUES INCLUDED IN AREA “A” ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE

NEW CURVES IN PROGRESS FOR IS COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION

IS VALUES INCLUDED IN AREA “B” ARE ACCEPTABLE

IS VALUES INCLUDED IN AREA “C” ARE UNDER PENALTY OR FATIGUE TEST ON CORES MUST BE REPEATED (by comparison)

A

B

C

Pag. 24




LET’S GO BACK TO THE MANAGEMENT OF PARAMETERS DETECTED

1. EVALUATION OF HOMOGENEOUS SECTION BY SPECIFIC SOFTWARE

2. DISTRIBUTION OF QUALITY LEVELS ON THE ROAD

3. DESIGN OF MAINTENANCE

5. PUNCTUAL CONTROL OF RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE WORKS

4. WORKS

Pag. 25




1 - RESULTS PROCESSED TO FIND HOMOGENEOUS SECTIONS NAMELY SECTIONS SHOWING “STABLE” VALUES

SINGOL VALUES IS NOT SIGNIFICANT

REQUIRED VALUE

PENALTY

SINGOL VALUE AVERAGE VALUE OF SECTION

THE AVERAGE VALUE (OF EACH SECTION) INSTEAD MUST COMPLY WITH REQUIRED ONES

Pag. 26

GOOD




IS300 (14°C Tair)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

39000 40000 41000 42000 43000 44000 45000 46000 47000 48000 49000Chianage (m)

Excellent

Good

Medium

Sufficient

Poor

Very poorTECHNICAL PARAMETERHOMOGENEOUS SECTION

Existing pavement

Accepted

Accepted with

penalty

Rejected

Newworks

Pag. 27

2. DISTRIBUTION OF QUALITY LEVELS ON THE ROAD

I bc = 36,25 MANAGING INDICATOR is I bc = 25 + ¾ 15 = 36,25

EXISTING PAVEMENT OF 2 KM

IS300 (14°C Tair)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

39000 40000 41000 42000 43000 44000 45000 46000 47000 48000 49000Chianage (m)

Excellent

Good

Medium

Sufficient

Poor

Very poorTECHNICAL PARAMETERHOMOGENEOUS SECTION

Existing pavement

Accepted

Accepted with

penalty

Rejected

Newworks




BEARING CAPACITY OF THE NETWORK IS REGULARLY INVESTIGATED

25.000 Km

«Premium network» IBC80,1 (100)

LEVELS of IS30014°C

Very Poor Excellent Good Medium Poor Sufficient

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR IBC IS CALCULATED

Pag. 28




ReportS

Google MAPS

DISTRIBUTION OF PERFORMANCE INDICATOR USING GEOGRAFICAL REPRESENTATION


ROAD EYE Software

LOCATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL MAINTENANCE SUPPORTED BY THE SOFTWARE ROAD EYE

Pag. 29




Reference curves for final acceptance

Materials Fatigue life and Moduli

Design of thichnesses and evaluation residual life

“ANY MATERIAL”

•Virgin materials •Marginal materials •Recycling •Etc. etc

“Measure of fatigue life of material”

Simplified fatigue life machine “ANAS”

EXAMPLE - definition of Performance Bearing Capacity by Is Structural Index

Lavorazione tipo RPA1 - Valori limiti ammissibili per Indice Strutturale e pressione applicata 1700kPa

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29T aria °C

IS30

0

schiumato con 1 mese di maturazione

schiumato con 6 mesi di maturazione

schiumato con 1 anno di maturazione

zona non valida per le verificihe di accettabilità

della lavorazione

zona non valida per le verificihe di accettabilità della lavorazione

zona valida per le verificihe di accettabilità della lavorazione

Pag. 30





ANAS

STANDARD SPECIFICATION

ANAS in 2009 adopted a CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS where the approval and the final payment is related to the test performed at the end of work with measurements made with high-speed non-destructive testing

THIS APPROACH enhances the self-control of the executing company during the execution of the work ONLY JOB WELL DONE WILL BE PAYED

….to PAY ONLY WORKS WELL DONE!

4. WORKS

5. PUNCTUAL CONTROL OF RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE WORKS

Pag. 31




ANAS MANAGEMENT WITH THE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

ERMES FWD

FSD

Pag. 32

TSD

evaluating the performance of new and in ......- condirezione generale tecnica – direzione...

Documents