evaluation of control of foot and mouth disease in the ...€¦ · control of foot and mouth...

Evaluation

of

Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in the Philippines

GCP/PHI/041/AUL

(Consolidation Phase)

Report of the Evaluation Mission

November 2001

Preface The following draft represents the views of the independent evaluation mission on the performance and achievements of the Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in the Philippines (CFMDP) project. The project began its first phase in 1996; following an independent technical review and in line with the recommendation of a Tripartite Review, a consolidation phase was approved in 1999. The present evaluation focuses mainly on this phase of the project. The evaluation was initiated with a view to providing the donor, collaborating agencies and FAO with an independent and objective assessment of the current status of implementation of the project, including a review of problems faced. The mission started on 18 October 2001 and ended on 31 October 2001; six regions involved in the CFMDP project were visited as well as discussions held with collaborators at municipal as well as at provincial level. In addition, the mission visited relevant offices in Metro Manila. Evaluating CFMDP was a stimulating as well as taxing assignment given the far-ranging history of the project, the area covered and activities implemented by the project, as well as the intensive travel schedule of the mission. The evaluation mission is most appreciative of the efforts made by the staff and management of CFMDP, the GOP officials in Metro Manila, the regions, provinces and municipalities visited, and the FAO representation, as well as a range of other individuals who provided information and discussed issues in a frank and constructive manner. The civil servants and project staff met in the regions ably guided the visits and provided valuable insights to the mission. Where the opportunity arose, the mission met with representatives of commercial livestock producer and meat processor associations; the mission was always accorded a warm welcome. The CFMDP Evaluation Mission Bernd Bultemeier, Evaluation Service, FAO, Rome John Copland, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra Salcedo L Eduardo, Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna

GCPPHI041AUL_2001_ER.doc; 08 March 2011; 11:24

iii

Table of Contents

PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................... II

TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................................................... III

LIST OF ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................................. V

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................ VI

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................................................................... IX

PROJECT SPHERE .................................................................................................................................................. IX Project design ................................................................................................................................................. ix Government involvement ................................................................................................................................ ix Technical and operational backstopping......................................................................................................... ix Project management....................................................................................................................................... ix

RESULTS SPHERE ...................................................................................................................................................X Eradication of FMD from the Philippines..........................................................................................................x Coordination of the FMD control programme at national, regional, provincial and local government level ......x Surveillance work.............................................................................................................................................x Animal movement management .....................................................................................................................xi Vaccination strategy........................................................................................................................................xi Public awareness activities and education campaigns .................................................................................. xii Contingency plans and emergency preparedness......................................................................................... xii Cost-effectiveness ........................................................................................................................................ xiii Training programme...................................................................................................................................... xiii Collaboration with NGOs and livestock industry in disease prevention and control...................................... xiii

THE WAY FORWARD.............................................................................................................................................. XIV Sustainability and follow-up .......................................................................................................................... xiv

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 1

2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN........................................................................................................ 1

2.1 INDICATORS, ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS ............................................................................................................ 2 2.2 BENEFICIARIES.............................................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 3

3. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STATUS ...................................................................................................... 4

3.1 PROJECT BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE .............................................................................................................. 4 3.2 ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS ............................................................................................................................... 5

3.2.1 Immediate Objective One – Institutionalize effective national capability for FMD control that can allow implementation of any disease control work during and after the consolidation phase.......................... 5 3.2.2 Immediate Objective Two – Eliminate clinical cases from the last two endemic regions of the country .............................................................................................................................................................7 3.2.3. Immediate Objective Three – Maintain the already declared FMD free areas and establish specific measures on disease emergency preparedness ............................................................................................ 9

4. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT, TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL BACKSTOPPING, PROJECT MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................... 12

4.1 GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 12 4.2 TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL BACKSTOPPING ............................................................................................... 12 4.3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................... 13

5. ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL RESULTS ....................................................................................................... 13

5.1 DEVELOPMENT OF FMD SITUATION OVER TIME ............................................................................................... 13 5.2 COORDINATION OF THE FMD CONTROL PROGRAMME AT NATIONAL, REGIONAL, PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

LEVEL 14 5.3 SURVEILLANCE WORK .................................................................................................................................. 14 5.4 ANIMAL MOVEMENT MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................. 15 5.5 VACCINATION STRATEGY .............................................................................................................................. 16 5.6 PUBLIC AWARENESS ACTIVITIES AND EDUCATION CAMPAIGNS ........................................................................... 16 5.7 CONTINGENCY PLANS AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ................................................................................. 17 5.8 INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION AND ACCREDITATION ........................................................................................ 18


iv

6. SPECIFIC TOPICS AND ISSUES ................................................................................................................ 18

6.1 COST-EFFECTIVENESS ................................................................................................................................. 18 6.2 TRAINING PROGRAMME ................................................................................................................................ 19 6.3 COLLABORATION WITH NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS, LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY) IN DISEASE

PREVENTION AND CONTROL ................................................................................................................................... 19 6.4 SUSTAINABILITY .......................................................................................................................................... 20

ANNEXES ...............................................................................................................................................................A

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE JOINT EVALUATION MISSION BY AUSAID, FAO AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE

PHILIPPINES ...........................................................................................................................................................A ITINERARY AND PERSONS MET ................................................................................................................................. D TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION PERSONNEL ................................................................................................................... G GOVERNMENT PROJECT PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................................ H GENERAL SERVICE STAFF (FAO) AND CONTRACTUAL STAFF.........................................................................................I FMD STATUS IN THE PHILIPPINES ............................................................................................................................. J MAP 1 FMD ZONES IN THE PHILIPPINES ............................................................................................................K FIGURE 1 ORGANIZATION OF DISEASE CONTROL ACTIVITIES ....................................................................................L LIST OF IN-SERVICE TRAINING ORGANIZED BY THE PROJECT SINCE 12/1999 ................................................................. M STUDY TOURS/INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOPS ATTENDED BY PROJECT STAFF SINCE 12/1999............................................S PUBLICATIONS, INFORMATION MATERIALS AND OTHER PUBLIC AWARENESS ACTIVITIES ................................................... U INVENTORY/LIST OD EQUIPMENT PURCHASED .......................................................................................................... GG

List of Acronyms AAHL Australian Animal Health Laboratory ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations AusAID Australian Agency for International Development BAI Bureau of Animal Industry of the Department of Agriculture CAR Cordillera Administrative Region CFMDP Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the Philippines (project) CTA Chief Technical Adviser DA Department of Agriculture DA-RFU DA-Regional Field Units DSA Daily Subsistence Allowance EMPRES Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and

Diseases (FAO) FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FMD Foot and Mouth Disease FMD_IMS FMD Information Management System GIII Publishing and Multimedia Service (FAO) GO Government Organization GOP Government of the Philippines IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency LGU Local Government Unit MTLDP Medium Term Livestock Development Plan NAC-ADCE National Advisory Committee for Animal Disease Control Emergencies NCR National Capital Region NFMDTF National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Task Force NGO Non-Governmental Organization NMIC National Meat Inspection Commission OIE Organisation International des Epizooties P Philippine Peso PAHC Philippine Animal Health Center PIA Philippine Information Agency PNP Philippine National Police PPER Project Performance Evaluation Report PVO Provincial Veterinary Office RADDL Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory SDRE Extension, Education and Communication Service (FAO) SEA South-East Asia SOA School-on-the-Air TCP Technical Cooperation Programme TPR Tripartite Review UNDP United Nations Development Programme


vi

Executive Summary Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has caused major production losses in ruminants and pigs, disrupting production and constraining livestock movement throughout the Philippines. The last major outbreak occurred in 1995, when the disease reached epidemic proportions with 1553 field reports of FMD from all regions of Luzon involving over 98,604 animals, with the vast majority of cases in pigs. The AusAID/FAO FMD Control Project began in December 1996, with the initial main objective of controlling and eradicating FMD in the Bicol peninsula. When the project terminated in November 1999, a consolidation phase was approved (utilizing savings from a GOP decision to fund the provision of FMD vaccines), to continue with the development objective (which was phrased as a problem identification) of addressing increased production costs, export of high value livestock products, and restrictions on the movement of animals. By end-2001, US$ 4,116,983 will have been spent out of a total budget of US$ 4,377,395. The consolidation phase of the project was designed to reach three immediate objectives: (i) to institutionalize effective national capability for FMD control that can allow implementation of any FMD control work during and after the consolidation phase; (ii) to eliminate clinical cases from the last two endemic regions of the country (i.e. Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog); and (iii) to maintain the already declared FMD-free areas and establish specific measures on disease emergency preparedness. Towards the attainment of these objectives, important results have been achieved, including: • the formation, both in the endemic and in the other regions of the country, of FMD task

forces, which encompass all relevant government agencies including the police force and information agencies as well as private sector interests;

• a comprehensive training programme covering all GOP staff levels and going beyond the Department of Agriculture, which has resulted in a high confidence level regarding the detection of, and correct response to, FMD cases;

• the development and distribution of FMD guidelines and operating procedures and their adoption by relevant GOP offices and staff, which have shown their effectiveness in e.g. the control of an FMD outbreak in the Visayas;

• the maintenance of FMD-free status in all central and southern regions, including the official OIE accreditation of Mindanao as FMD-free (and the Visayas to follow soon);

• an intensive public awareness campaign which has led to much heightened appreciation by the general public as well as backyard farmers of the nature and effects of FMD, and consequently a readier acceptance and understanding of the necessary control measures;

• the gradual taking over by national, regional, provincial and municipal offices of functions previously performed and/or funded by the project.

Furthermore, the project has initiated activities that could yield important results in the future, including: • technical inputs and information seminars in connection with Administrative Order No. 15,

which will lay down revised rules and regulations on the control and eradication of FMD in line with the project strategy;

• the development of FMD_IMS, which makes available databases for recording outbreaks, cases, livestock movements, and vaccine distribution and vaccination activity, together with active surveillance of slaughterhouses, barangays and negative incident reporting,


vii

as well as a provision for data analysis, which will play an important role in the further development of FMD control and eradication strategies.

At the same time, the mission noted certain gaps and delays in the project, which could jeopardize the achievements as well as the follow-up to the project. These gaps include the fact that CFMDP, although referring to the economic consequences of FMD, has not yet analysed the real economic costs and benefits of FMD control and eradication. These gaps include the fact that CFMDP, although referring to the economic consequences of FMD, has not yet analysed the real economic costs and benefits of FMD control and eradication. This information will be crucial in securing the necessary political and livestock industry support for a final eradication strategy, as well as in performing an adequate valuation of the control options (stamping out vs. vaccination) should re-infection occur. Contingency plans as to how to deal with FMD emergencies have been developed as a training exercise for certain regions and provinces, but need to be systematically prepared and continually updated. Furthermore, although the bulk of former contractual (i.e. fixed-term staff) as well as certain operational costs (e.g. for disinfectants) have already been taken over by GOP agencies, pivotal staff as well as core FMD facilities (checkpoints) continue to be funded by the project. An exit strategy concerning the eventual regularization of these positions and facilities needs to be found. Despite these limitations, the concept of CFMDP is widely appreciated by collaborators at all institutional levels as well as by the livestock industry and the backyard farmers. A comprehensive approach to FMD control and eradication has been introduced to the relevant agencies, and the emergency preparedness plans prepared by regions and provinces have resulted - albeit to varying degrees – in an increased awareness and reaction capacity towards an FMD outbreak. Disaster coordinating committees in two regions (Regions III and IV) have included FMD in their disaster plans. The mission views the current phase as a successful example for the transition from a project to a national implementation mode. Approaches have been tested, collaboration arrangements tried out, institutional links developed and the concept has been refined. Physical results of the project have become widely visible, although the disease has not yet been eliminated from the last two endemic regions (and indications are that this might prove more difficult than originally expected). A budget-neutral extension of the current project phase should see the completion of the transition from contractual to GOP-paid staff, as well as the taking-over of FMD facilities by GOP agencies. Major remaining tasks during the extension phase will be: • the documentation of major project activities, including an analysis of successful

campaigns conducted, lessons learned and issues remaining, to guide the preparation of a follow-up project which should achieve the final eradication of FMD from the Philippines;

• more specifically, the analysis of economic data with the aim of providing a correct picture of the economic costs and benefits of FMD control and eradication measures;

• the systematic drafting of emergency preparedness plans in consultation with stakeholders in regions and provinces;

• provision of advice to decision-makers with a view to securing an adequate recognition of FMD control in the national priorities and policies.

Other issues have to be tackled as well during the present phase; these are addressed in the conclusions and recommendations section at the end of the summary. The main body of the report will present additional views and amplifications.


viii

The mission acknowledges that the GOP has faced, and continues to face, substantial constraints in terms of human resources as well as funding. Under the circumstances, the project has performed remarkably well. Generally, GOP with guidance from FAO and the donor has fostered a much better emergency preparedness among the general public as well as specialized agencies vis-à-vis animal diseases, and FMD in particular . The current phase of CFMDP ends in November 2001; the momentum that the project has built needs to be continued. At the same time, careful preparation of a follow-up phase is required and should start soonest. GOP agencies involved in the project at national, regional and provincial level should be involved in the planning process as well as representatives of the livestock sector. It is the view of the mission that the situation demands a seamless continuation of CFMDP so as to enable the project to achieve its overall objective – the eradication of FMD from the Philippines. Key success factors in the mission's opinion include, in addition to leadership and support provided by GOP and FAO, the full involvement of public and private sector collaborators in all relevant aspects of CFMDP, and an increased attention given to the economic and socio-political factors surrounding FMD control.


ix

Conclusions and Recommendations Project sphere Project design The objectives of the project took their inspiration from the National Plan for the Control of FMD in the Philippines, and have provided adequate guidance to project management. However, they lack precision in some areas (e.g. the development objective is phrased as a problem identification). Indicators listed in the project logical framework matrix are mostly phrased as outputs or activities, lacking quantification and without giving baseline data or benchmarks. Specific performance targets have been not defined in the project document. Government involvement Strong government interest and involvement in the project is evident at all levels, demonstrated already at an early stage when GOP took over the procurement of FMD vaccines, thereby saving the project approximately US$ 1 million. Also, the decision by municipal councils and provincial governments to accept budgetary responsibility for checkpoint staff, points to strong support throughout the public administration. Following devolution of formerly central functions to Local Government Units (LGU), frontline FMD work is done by provincial veterinary offices and municipal officers and inspectors. While this has not affected the general progress made by the project, there are also cases where provincial governments have been unable to appoint e.g. provincial veterinarians for an extended period of time, and where changes in municipal administrations have resulted in a reshuffle of e.g. meat inspectors, making frequent re-training necessary. Recommendation: The project should continue to lobby for the passage of the Animal Health Act (which would partly reverse the devolution of responsibility for FMD matters), and also continue to offer advice related to the revision of Administrative Order No. 15, which would clarify some vaguely-defined areas. In addition, current senior staff still on contractual status should be taken over on regular contracts, and checkpoints should increasingly be funded from the government budget. Technical and operational backstopping Technical backstopping appears to have been mainly in terms of general guidance, facilitation of international contacts and visits by international experts, and the provision of EMPRES training and other materials that could be adapted by the project. Apart from the animal health specialists in FAO’s Regional Office and FAO HQ, also units dealing with communications in FAO HQ (SDRE – communications – and GIII – multimedia support) have provided technical advice to the project. Inputs by consultants in training have been well targeted, relevant and sustaining, particularly in FMD epidemiology and risk analysis. Operational and administrative backstopping is reported to have been without problems or untimely delays. Project management The project represents a very successful example of a smooth transition from international management by a CTA to management by GOP staff. The project has been run since early 2000 (after the end of the first phase) by regular BAI employees with sporadic visits by international consultants (including the former CTA) to provide specific guidance. The project management is thus fully integrated into the existing national structures. The project’s main management body, the National FMD Task Force (NFMDTF) has shown able and astute


x

leadership, which has generated goodwill towards routine operations and enhanced the chance of success in emergency operations. Project reporting has been at infrequent intervals, but this has been more than offset by regular participating in meetings and field visits by project management and coordinating staff. Results sphere Eradication of FMD from the Philippines The incidence of FMD in the Philippines has decreased significantly – from 1,553 outbreaks with 98,604 affected animals in 22 provinces at the height of the crisis in 1995 to 325 outbreaks in 2000 affecting 4,224 animals in Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog only. Mindanao has gained OIE accreditation as FMD free without vaccination in 2001, and Visayas is expected to follow shortly. This means that two-thirds of the country and more than half of the national populations of pigs, cattle, buffalo, goats and sheep will soon be in the internationally recognized FMD-Free zone without vaccination, and thus approaching a necessary precondition for a nation-wide eradication phase. The heightened state of FMD awareness and preparedness in the Philippines was demonstrated by an outbreak of FMD in Visayas in 1999, which was quickly contained and rapidly eradicated. Effective emergency preparation and intervention by the project played a crucial role in this. However, nine provinces of Luzon must still be regarded as endemically infected and posing a significant risk to the rest of the country, in particular the FMD-free status of Mindanao. (In other areas of Luzon, a high prevalence during the mid-1990s was followed by sporadic and isolated occurrences, which were quickly contained and rapidly eradicated.) Coordination of the FMD control programme at national, regional, provincial and local government level The project’s main management body is the National FMD Task Force (NFMDTF), which was formed at the beginning of the FMD crisis to coordinate control measures. This Task Force reports to a Technical Advisory Committee on FMD, which is attached to the Secretary of the DA. The NFMDTF in turn has set up regional task forces, which are present in each of the currently infected and protected regions in Luzon and meet regularly with provincial and city veterinarians as well as representatives of livestock producers to review progress and plan activities. In the FMD-free areas, similar committees have been established and meet on an as-needed basis. Following devolution, while the BAI is still maintaining a supervisory and coordinating capacity and each region receives specific line funding for FMD control/prevention, the National FMD Task Force has played a critical role in guiding and coordinating the national plan for disease control and eradication through the regional task force model. The task force model has enabled the project to make increasing use of extension staff of provincial and municipal offices to prepare and supply effective information programmes, as well as to organize surveillance and control measures. Surveillance work To better focus on specific disease control activities, the country has been divided into the two zones of FMD-free and FMD-Surveillance. Field officers in both zones report on negative incidents (where FMD is initially suspected, but subsequently proved to be negative) and negative village visits (where regular routine visits demonstrate absence of FMD).


xi

The surveillance currently undertaken for disease monitoring relies heavily on obtaining routine specimens from slaughterhouses in the FMD-free, the buffer and protected zones. While the surveillance regime has been successful in convincing OIE that Mindanao is free from FMD (and soon Visayas), the level of surveillance could be more structured to extend the confidence of FMD free status. The FMD-IMS disease database established by the project is highly appropriate and functional, which is an essential tool for effective surveillance. Also the high level of competence of the FMD Laboratory enhances the accuracy of surveillance procedures. These two components of a surveillance system are well established. Recommendations: Surveillance of FMD status in the Philippines should be continued. Ideally, the surveillance should allow the estimation of probability estimates of FMD freedom. Given the considerable skills present in the CFMDP, consideration should be given to consolidating the epidemiological skills of at least three staff members to ensure stability and competence of the team. In some cases an active structured surveillance will be necessary, such as when an outbreak occurs or to enhance the national coverage of samples where it is difficult to get adequate samples. Thought needs to be given to overcome the sampling constraints and develop linkages to other agencies or projects that may assist. Animal movement management A movement permit system is used for all animals going to a slaughterhouse and to other farms/markets. This system is working well, although there are indications that there is some informal movement of live animals and possibly imported meat products. The effectiveness of detection of livestock at ports is reasonable, however, much less so for livestock products due to their difficulty in detection. A significant feature in fostering the acceptance of livestock movement control are the community awareness activities orchestrated by the project – it apears that GOP staff and private sector officials as well as the general public understand the importance of controlling livestock movement in the FMD control and eradication strategy. Checkpoints provide a visible demonstration of the importance of livestock movements and an opportunity to understand the trade relationships based on livestock movements. Several of the checkpoints are run by the regional, provincial or municipal offices with limited inputs by the project. The effectiveness of the checkpoints is variable and there are voices suggesting that there are not enough of them. Recommendation: In line with the recommendation under government involvement above, the project should continue to lobby for checkpoints to be increasingly funded from the government budget. There should also be a constant review of the effectiveness and potential need for additional checkpoints. Vaccination strategy The orthodox system of two vaccinations at one-month intervals does not work in the pig production system being practised in the Philippines, where the same animals due to slaughter or sale are not kept for long in the pen and are no longer available for the booster (second) dose. In view of this, the vaccination strategy shifted from blanket (mass) vaccination to strategic vaccination in 1998. A total of 1,954 serum samples (at least 30 random samples per farm) were tested for antibody using ELISA from 1997 to 2001 to monitor herd immunity. Samples came from 28 commercial farms (16 farms using monovalent vaccine and 12 farms using trivalent vaccine) from Region III (Bulacan & Nueva Ecija) and Region IV (Rizal). To be considered “immune”,


xii

80% or higher of the herd should have an antibody titre of 112 and above. However, only three farms however showed this immunity level. The low level is attributed to non-administration of the booster dose, improper vaccine storage and vaccine administration (speed shots). Recommendation: The results of the vaccination study highlight the need for the commercial sector to be closely involved in FMD control and eradication activities as a number of the commercial farms were susceptible even though their pig herd was supposed to be “vaccinated”. The search for, and training in, a vaccination regime that is effective under real-life conditions should be considered. Public awareness activities and education campaigns A great number of public awareness activities have been conducted by the project, such as School-on-the-Air (SOA) programmes, radio programmes, info-caravans, theatre presentations, audio-tower broadcast systems and ”kapihan”1. These activities vary from region to region depending upon which activities are found effective with the audience. Information materials consist of the monthly FMD Monitor (a newsletter), brochures, posters, billboards, board fans, note pads and videos, which are translated into regional dialects as needed often reproduced at the expense of the regional DA for distribution to farm owners/farmers, LGUs, agriculture officials, schools, NGOs, GOs, meat traders (viajeros), media executives and other stakeholders. The project in particular and the BAI in general have established an effective working partnership with the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) in the promotion of public awareness on FMD. This partnership has certainly contributed to the successful implementation of the programme. As these activities are being taken up by the regions and become regular features of their respective public awareness programmes, they are becoming institutionalized. It is safe to state that on the whole the Project’s Public Awareness Programme proved effective as the public is now well informed on FMD than previously. Recommendation: The public awareness campaign should be continued. There is a need to intensify the programme in FMD-free Mindanao and Regions III and IV, to maintain a sound level of awareness and vigilance. The partnership with the PIA should be carried on and its concerns expanded to include other animal diseases of importance. Contingency plans and emergency preparedness The National FMD Task Force receives an annual budget allocation for operational activities. Each regional task force receives supplementary allocations from the Department of Agriculture to allow for quick immediate response if an emergency arises. There is also a separate fund to indemnify owners of affected stock should the latter need to be destroyed. (However, indemnity is only paid for pigs on the farm; traded animals are excluded. In the case of a major outbreak, GOP funds would be quickly exhausted.) As part of their emergency preparedness, each region has established a specific FMD task force and (in training sessions) has developed rudimentary contingency plans. Also provincial emergency preparedness action plans have been developed in the course of training exercises conducted by the project. The plans list the activities to be undertaken, their sequencing and the persons/agencies responsible.

1 Meaning literally, discussion over coffee.


xiii

These seminars, together with the FMD Disease Handbook for Field Officers, have created a general understanding of the actions to be taken in the case of an outbreak. It can also be assumed that the responsible persons/agencies know e.g. where to establish a checkpoint, who would be available to control infected farms, what would be the compensation policy, etc. Recommendation: At least in those provinces considered risk-prone, particularly in Regions III and IV, a more formal, and frequently updated write-up of the emergency preparedness plans should be prepared (and distributed to key persons/agencies) to avoid later delays and misunderstandings in interpreting the plans. Cost-effectiveness The project document contained several references to the economic impact of FMD (including a mention of a benefit/cost ratio of approximately 3:1 calculated in a PhD thesis in 1997), but the project itself has not taken up the economics of FMD control beyond an informal compilation of data on potential costs and gains connected with FMD control and eradication. (Anecdotal evidence from pig producers in Iloilo would suggest that as a result of the FMD outbreak in 1999, they lost approximately P 0.5 billion (US$ 9.8 million) due to the lack of access particularly to the Cebu market.) The absence of economic analysis prevents the development of clear guidelines and a mutual understanding between the Government, producers, processors, traders and exporters about the criteria to be applied in the event of an FMD outbreak – when to stamp out, when to vaccinate, levels of compensation, etc. Recommendation: A cost/benefit analysis of FMD control and eradication in the Philippines should be conducted (preferably by a livestock economist with an intimate knowledge of the Philippines livestock sector), to make an informed decision possible on the design and ultimate objectives of the FMD campaign, the funding requirements and the expected results. Training programme The training programme has been a major component of the project. There has been a strong thrust to deliver effective training to a wide range of groups, some of whom would act as multipliers in providing further training for their constituents. The change-over of staff at slaughterhouses and government offices after elections has meant that repeat training was necessary in some regions. The training provided often involved other agencies such as the Philippine Information Agency. No formal evaluation of the training was undertaken; however, some regions have taken over the training provided by the project using radio and extension material provided by the project. The training in epidemiology provided by consultants was considered by the trainees to be highly appropriate and of value. Recommendation: The training should continue with special emphasis on epidemiologal techniques as well as EMPRES emergency preparedness and contingency planning seminars. Collaboration with NGOs and livestock industry in disease prevention and control A significant partner in the control and eradication of FMD in the Philippines is the livestock industry. A clear and effective integration of the livestock industry groups at the regional level was evident throughout the control and eradication of the FMD outbreak that occurred in


xiv

Region VI at Ilioilo. The synergistic support and mutual benefits that were derived by the participation of all groups in this outbreak would serve as a good model for other regions. There has been limited evidence of the involvement of other Non-Government Organizations (apart from associations of commercial livestock raisers) in the national FMD control and eradication programme. Recommendation: To clarify the involvement of the livestock industry associations and other NGOs in public awareness and eradication campaigns, further discussions should be held at the national, regional and provincial level. The way forward Sustainability and follow-up Much of the necessary elements of an FMD surveillance and control system have been institutionalized by the project (quarantine measures, regular sampling, negative incident reporting, animal movement control, etc); most of these activities are fully integrated into the GOP institutional framework and budget. Public awareness of the disease, and acceptance of the necessary controls and movement restrictions, has significantly improved. However, certain staff positions and FMD facilities such as quarantine checkpoints will continue in the medium term to depend on project assistance. Most important, nine provinces of Luzon must still be regarded as endemically infected and posing a significant risk to the rest of the country, in particular to the Mindanao FMD free status. Some elements crucial in a final eradication campaign have only recently been initiated, such as systematic FMD contingency plans and an analysis of the economic costs and benefits of FMD control and eradication measures. The mission believes that further project efforts in this direction are necessary to achieve a firm consensus of all concerned parties on the future FMD strategy, and before the launching of a final FMD eradication programme should be attempted. Recommendation: The momentum that the project has built needs to be continued. A budget-neutral 12-month extension of the current project phase is recommended, to undertake the following tasks: • complete the transition from contractual to GOP-paid staff, as well as the taking-over of

FMD facilities by GOP agencies; • begin the preparation of systematic FMD contingency plans and simulation exercises,

following on to the plans developed during the EMPRES emergency preparedness workshops;

• document major project activities, including an analysis of successful campaigns conducted, lessons learned and issues remaining;

• prepare an analysis of economic data with the aim of providing a correct account of the economic costs and benefits of FMD control and eradication measures;

• step up current activities in endemic areas in Regions III and IV, and consider the initiation of a blanket vaccination campaign in the key municipalities; and if successful

• prepare – in consultation with GOP agencies involved in the project at national, regional and provincial level as well as representatives of the livestock and meat processing sector – a proposal for a follow-up project, to address the final objective of complete eradication of FMD from the Philippines.


1

1. Introduction and Background Agriculture and fisheries in the Philippines produce nearly one-third of the gross national product and employ half of the labour force. Livestock production is an important part of both subsistence farming and commercial agricultural enterprises, accounting for approximately 20% of agricultural production. Pork accounts for 50% to 60% of meat consumption, at about 13 kg per capita per annum. Backyard farming (defined as farmers with less than five pigs or cattle equivalents) accounts for more than 80% of pig production and more than 90% of ruminant livestock production. Marketing of livestock is inefficient, with high transport costs, a limited number of marketing facilities and a large number of intermediaries in the marketing chain. The traders' common practice of buying a small number of animals from a large number of owners, with a great deal of movement between farms and villages, also poses a major risk factor for transmission of infectious disease. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has caused major production losses in ruminants and pigs, disrupting production and constraining livestock movement throughout the country, and consequently has been classified by the Department of Agriculture (DA) as one of seven priority diseases. The last major FMD incursion peaked in 1995, when outbreaks reached epidemic proportions with 1,553 field reports of FMD from all regions of Luzon involving over 98,604 animals. The vast majority of cases was in pigs and caused by FMD virus type O. Before the culmination of the outbreak, in December 1994 the FAO Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES) responded to a request from GOP for assistance and launched a Technical Cooperation Programme project (TCP/PHI/4453 E - Assistance with the Control of Epidemic Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the Philippines), which terminated in March 1996. This project was followed up by the AusAID/FAO FMD Control Project in December 1996, which had as its initial main objective controlling the FMD and eradicating it in the Bicol peninsula. When the project terminated in November 1999, substantial savings were left due to an earlier decision by the GOP to fund the provision of FMD vaccines (which saved the project approximately US$ one million). Following an independent technical review (W Geering, 1999), and in line with the recommendation of a Tripartite Review, a consolidation phase was approved. The present evaluation focuses mainly on this phase of the project. 2. Project Objectives and Design The objectives for the consolidation phase were essentially unchanged from those of the predecessor project, and took their inspiration from the National Plan for the Control of FMD in the Philippines (revised in September 1996)2. The development objective of the project was phrased as a problem identification, i.e. “the presence of an animal disease in the Philippines, which causes production losses, is responsible for increased production costs and prevents the export of high value livestock products into the Pacific Rim markets. FMD has been present in the Philippines since the beginning of this century and, although past eradication efforts have achieved some success, the disease has continued to constrain livestock production. With the development of commercial beef and pork industries, restrictions on the movement of animals between infected and clean areas have constrained breeding programmes.”

2 The plan comprises 3 phases with the objectives of: (i) a marked reduction in incidence by 1998, (ii) elimination of clinical cases by the year 2000, and (iii) substantiation of total freedom by 2003.


2

Three immediate objectives were identified to support the development objective: (i) to institutionalize effective national capability for FMD control that can allow implementation of any disease control work during and after the consolidation phase; (ii) to eliminate clinical cases from the last two endemic regions of the country (i.e. Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog); and (iii) to maintain the already declared FMD free areas and establish specific measures on disease emergency preparedness. The basic premise of the project approach was that national capabilities needed to be improved for the further development of national planning and implementation of FMD control, and that active participation of project staff in disease control activities at national as well as local levels was also essential. The strategy of the consolidation phase reflected the four components of the national plan, namely disease monitoring and surveillance, vaccination, quarantine and information. The strategic goal was to contain the disease in the originally infected areas by improving disease investigation and reporting, enhancing movement control, engendering the support of industry and undertaking limited strategic vaccination. As the Bicol peninsula by 1999 could be considered FMD free, resources available for the consolidation phase were earmarked for an expansion of the disease control area, in line with the directions of the original project document. The project was to make efforts to eliminate the clinical cases in the two endemic regions left, while intensive disease surveillance was to be institutionalized in already free areas and emergency preparedness measures to be put in place. The creation of awareness among the population of their role in controlling FMD was also seen as a critical element in the project strategy. 2.1 Indicators, assumptions and risks Indicators, assumptions and risks were not explicitly mentioned in the text of the project document. The former two categories were, however, present in the logical framework matrix. The indicators mentioned were mostly phrased as outputs or activities to be achieved or implemented, without quantification and without giving baseline data, benchmarks or targets. Assumptions related mainly to the expectation that adequate staff and resources would be made available, and that additional support would come from the various branches of public administration. 2.2 Beneficiaries Under the heading of target beneficiaries, the project document mentioned all rural families involved in livestock production as well as commercial farmers, as direct or indirect beneficiaries of improved FMD control. Benefits would accrue directly to producers in infected areas, by reducing losses resulting from FMD, while indirect benefits would be realized by all livestock producers through a reduced level of exposure to infection, reduced overhead costs and a freeing up of restrictions on the movement of livestock and products. In geographical terms, Mindanao stood to gain most as it was seen as an increasing livestock production centre. Based on an earlier AusAID feasibility study, the project document furthermore envisaged benefits to accrue to: wives of subsistence farmers, as income from the sale of stock often went to the women in the family (professional women would also benefit as both the Head of the National Task Force and the Head of the FMD laboratory were women, as well as the majority of members of the NFMDTF), and the environment, as a positive environmental impact was observed, due to emphasis placed on the cleanliness and disinfection of stock holding yards. Other expected benefits were related to intensified regional and international contacts, and to the increased interaction with private sector associations.


3

2.3 Institutional arrangements The project’s main management body is the National FMD Task Force3, which was formed at the beginning of the FMD crisis to coordinate control measures. This Task Force reports to a Technical Advisory Committee on FMD, which is attached to the Secretary of the DA. The NFMDTF in turn has set up regional task forces composed of members from the DA regional field office, provincial veterinary offices, non-government organizations and other government agencies. The Task Force model was thought to be the best approach to coordinate efforts at the national, regional and provincial levels, given the various govennment structures and responsibilities. Some modifications to the original proposed organization model have occurred in the course of project implementation; e.g. the position of Regional Coordinator was introduced to provide for a more specific focus, while a proposed National Coordinating Committee did not materialize as other bodies (National Advisory Committee for Animal Disease Control and Emergency, National Agricultural and Fishery Council Meeting) already had a coordinating function. Figure 1 below represents the current project organization. (The organization of disease control activities from national level down to municipal/barangay level is shown in the annex.) Figure 1 Current Project Organization

3 The National FMD Task Force is a special unit under the Animal Health Division, BAI. The Task Force provides the official veterinary service supervision for FMD control activities throughout the country. Local supervision of implementation of actions is under the official supervision of the Assistant Regional Directors of Agriculture (Livestock) in each of the 16 regions. As of 2001, the NFMDTF is a network composed of 11 veterinary officers at the national level, 169 provincial/municipal/city veterinarians, 47 field officers under the regional field units and 19 key officers of the National Meat Inspection Commission.


4

The Department of Agriculture as the responsible agency for nation-wide disease control was reconfirmed as the appropriate implementing agency. The project’s headquarters continued to be at the PAHC4, which also houses the NFMDTF. Regional Coordinators drawn from BAI personnel were to provide the link to the regional task forces. Other branches of the DA to be involved were: the BAI, to provide technical coordination and planning for national disease control, advice on quarantine enforcement and coordination of project activities; the PAHC in general, to provide diagnostic support and undertake national epidemiological analysis; NMIC, in its control and advisory function over the operation of slaughterhouses; regional offices of DA, as lead units in each Regional FMD Task Force and also as units responsible for national and international quarantine activities. Furthermore, the project document made reference to various memoranda of agreement for FMD Control and Eradication between the DA and several agencies and associations: Departments of Science and Technology, Interior and Local Government, National Defence, National Police, University of Philippines, National Hog Raiser Associations, Regional Departments of Agriculture and the Regional Directors of the Meat Inspection Commission, Department of Interior and Local Government, Philippine National Police, Philippine Information Agency, Department of Education, Culture and Sport and the Agricultural Training Institutes. The project document also referred to the fact that due to devolution of responsibilities to provincial and local levels, the DA no longer held direct responsibility for field disease control activities. It was stated that “before the project commenced, all levels of government lacked sufficient transport, communication, operational resources and orientation for disease control activities … however, after three years, such offices are now better equipped to handle disease outbreaks due to the transport and communication needs being met and the series of training undertaken by the field officers”. 3. Project Implementation Status In the following section, budget information is based on the latest available budget table prepared for the planned budget revision “F”. The review of CFMDP’s implementation status is derived from project progress and other reports, and observations of the mission. Although the consolidation phase of the project (from December 1999 to November 2001) had its own project document with a budget figure for the two years of US$ 1,213,683, the budget reflects the project’s overall volume (including the years 1996-99). The balance expected to be left at year-end 2001 is approximately US$ 260,000. 3.1 Project budget and expenditure Table 1: GCP/PHI/041/AUL Budget Revision “F”5

ACCOUNTS PRIOR YEARS

Expenditures

2001 Actual

Approved Total Revision "F"

% of Total

5300 Salaries Professional 717,741 37,500 965,636 22.1%

5500 Salaries General Service 180,213 171,155 487,571 11.1%

5570 Consultants 479,938 13,959 41,168 0.9%

5650 Contracts 30,476 7,291 43,000 1.0%

4 The Philippine Animal Health Centre (PAHC) had been supported from 1991 to 1994 by an FAO implemented UNDP project. Apart from providing a general facility for animal disease diagnosis and research, PAHC became the national centre for expertise in foot-and-mouth disease diagnosis. 5 The accounts position “Salaries General Service” apparently includes overtime and casual labour payments (up to mid-2001 US$ 266,372), apart from the salaries of the two regular General Service staff members.


5

5651 Overtime 182,806 7,000 0 0.0%

5900 Travel 217,236 45,000 98,685 2.3%

5920 Training 121,336 40,000 165,950 3.8%

6000 Expendable Equipment 499,653 60,000 500,839 11.4%

6100 Non Expendable Equipment 408,031 16,000 461,922 10.6%

6110 Hospitality 196 0 0 0.0%

6150 Technical Support Services 16,252 25,000 0 0.0%

6300 General Operating Expenses 286,505 80,000 220,922 5.0%

6400 General Overhead Expenses 60 0 0 0.0%

6500 Chargeback 0 0 0 0.0%

6510 Chargeout 0 0 0 0.0%

Premises 0 0 3,152 0.1%

SUB-TOTAL 3,140,443 502,905 2,988,845 68.3%

6150 Support Cost/Unallocated Balance

408,257 65,378 1,388,550 31.7%

TOTAL 3,548,700 568,283 4,377,395 100.0%

Revision “F” represents the budget agreed upon at the project’s TPR in 1999. Since the departure of the international CTA, the responsibility for the budget has been vested in the FAO representation in Manila, while administrative matters have been handled by an FAO administrative assistant attached to the project. No particular problems regarding financial management have been reported; it appears that with the change-over in FAO’s accounting system from the FINSYS to ORACLE software, the definition of some budget lines changed, making a direct comparison of budgets expressed in FINSYS or ORACLE difficult. 3.2 Activities and outputs The following review of the status of the project’s planned activities and outputs is based on the project’s progress reports as well as other reports reflecting project activities. Mission observations on specific topics are added in certain sections. The section concentrates on project activities undertaken following the independent technical review in 1999. 3.2.1 Immediate Objective One – Institutionalize effective national capability for FMD control that can allow implementation of any disease control work during and after the consolidation phase. 3.2.1.1 Output One – Continued coordination and implementation of national FMD control Activity 1 - Participate in coordination meetings to further develop and refine national control strategies and their implementation The NFMDT chair/Project Manager regularly attends the monthly meetings of the Agriculture Secretary’s National Advisory Committee for Animal Disease Control and Emergency as well as the National Agricultural and Fishery Council Meeting of the Committee on Poultry, Livestock, Feed and Crops. During these meetings, an update on the FMD situation both locally and internationally is presented.


6

Activity 2 - Provide support for FMD laboratory diagnosis The OIE recognized FMD laboratory at PAHC is capable of undertaking all major diagnostic serological tests and virus isolation with strong quality control procedures required for the control and eradication of FMD in the Philippines. The project has provided financial support for the purchase of a range of reagents, chemicals, test kits and equipment to the FMD laboratory. Contractual staff has been employed as laboratory technicians to handle the workload in connection with the serosurveillance activities in Iloilo, the rest of the Visayas and Mindanao. (Generally, in the course of project implementation, most contractual staff have been taken over by government agencies – their number declined from 39 to 12 by 2001. Project management hopes to have the remaining contractual staff taken over by end-2002.) Technical staff has been sent on training workshops and conferences both locally and internationally to upgrade their skills and knowledge on laboratory procedures and diagnostics. The head of the FMD diagnostic laboratory attended the joint FAO/IAEA Consultants Meeting/Workshop on “Developing Standardized Training Materials to Assist FAO/IAEA Member States to Establish Quality Systems for Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories”, which was held in Vienna, Austria on September 2000. Activity 3 - Continue the implementation and coordination activities through the Task Force model Most project activities implemented at the regional, provincial and municipal levels are coordinated through the existing FMD Regional Task Forces. Provinces through the support of the Department of Agriculture Regional Offices have taken the initiative in allocating part of their budget for FMD control activities to supplement existing assistance being received from the Project, such as the assignment of police officers to FMD checkpoints, and the absorption of hitherto project-provided checkpoint staff into the municipal budget, as e.g. in the case of Aritai checkpoint, checkpoints in Negros Oriental, and the Bataan/Zambales roving checkpoints. Activity 4 - Provide technical advice and training to national, regional, provincial and local government field, laboratory and meat inspection staff to improve disease surveillance, reporting and specimen collection The National FMD Task Force has been conducting various training workshops or seminars on FMD management, epidemiology applications, EMPRES emergency preparedness and risk analysis in the different regions to upgrade the skills and technical know-how of the field staff (see annex on training sessions). Farm staff where herd immunity exercises were carried out, have been given training on proper blood collection and proper handling and transport of specimen to the laboratory. At the same time, a manual that serves as a guide to both herd immunity and serosurveillance specimen collection has been developed and circulated to the field staff. Training has been provided to all levels during the consolidation phase. For example, training courses were held for farmers (34), media/communications staff (26), regional officers (12), disease awareness/epidemiology staff (7), livestock technicians (6) and meat inspectors (4). The Regional and Provincial/Muncipality FMD task forces also provided further training to the Livestock inspectors and Meat Inspectors. The view presented to the mission was that the training was well conducted and while there was no formal evaluation of the training provided it was considered that the impact on “how”, “when”and “what” to do was high.


7

Activity 5 - Analyse the effectiveness of international and national quarantine control and provide technical advice and staff training for its enhancement The effectiveness of FMD control activities is frequently checked through random visits and inspections of quarantine facilities during visits made by the Project Manager, Field Veterinarian, Regional Coordinators and Communication Specialists in their respective areas of assignment. Direct assistance in terms of footbaths, billboards, and information campaign materials at key seaports and airports has been provided. Problems have been experienced e.g. with the footbaths in Batangas port, which have been set up in an unsuitable location (outdoors without shelter) and are ineffective. In the biggest, busiest and oldest port of the Philippines, Manila, the coverage of quarantine control was limited by the small number of quarantine staff to cover the 24hour/7day-a-week quarantine procedures. This is particularly important regarding the movement of livestock products to FMD-free areas such as the Visayas and Mindanao. The effectiveness of international quarantine for imported meat products (most important buffalo meat from India) is based on compulsory quarantine certificates presented at the point of entry from a range of countries and in some cases the FMD status of the exporting country. Direct assistance has also been provided with the recruitment, employment, training and equipping specific checkpoint guards at key locations in Bicol (Matnog and Bulan Ports to protect Visayas and Mindanao), Quezon (Malicboy Checkpoint to protect the Bicol peninsula) and Cagayan Valley (Aritao Checkpoint to protect the northern part of the country and the Cordilleras). In some locations, municipalities have already partly or completely taken over the budget responsibility from the project, such as at checkpoints in Negros Oriental, Aritai checkpoint, and along the Bataan/Zambales border (see also Activity 3 above). Activity 6 - Monitor progress in national planning, coordination and implementation of FMD control and provide annual technical reports The project has developed an FMD_IMS (Information Management System) using the public domain international epidemiology programme Epi-Info, which provides weekly outputs plus data analysis on a nation-wide basis. Databases for recording outbreaks, cases, livestock movements, and vaccine distribution and vaccination activity, together with active surveillance of slaughterhouses, barangays and negative incidents are included in the programme. The analysis feature of the programme has facilitated the strategic planning of FMD monitoring, control and eradication. Weekly accomplishment reports are provided to the Animal Health Division, BAI Director, Agriculture Secretary’s office and Regional Agricultural Offices. Annual technical reports per se have nor been prepared as they would have duplicated other papers and progress reports prepared by the project. 3.2.2 Immediate Objective Two – Eliminate clinical cases from the last two endemic regions of the country 3.2.2.1 Output 1 - Establishment of Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog regions as free from clinical cases of FMD Activity 1 - Further improve disease investigation and reporting The provinces of Bataan, Zambales and Cavite have been added to the protected zones since the start of year 2000 based on their disease incidence. The strategic vaccination programme has ceased in these identified provinces, while serosurveillance activities are


8

being carried out in their initial stages. Intensive negative monitoring activities are continuing at the barangay level to prove evidence of absence of FMD. Since the disease continues to be endemic in Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog Region and in Pangasinan, field staff is encouraged to further improve disease investigation, reporting of outbreaks as well as the submission of tissue samples from every outbreak (see Activity 2 below). Through the mapped information generated by the FMD_IMS, disease control strategies are being modified according to the local conditions, marketing practices and disease prevalence. Activity 2 - Ensure that tissue samples are submitted for every outbreak As the number of outbreak reports decreases, field investigators are continually being encouraged to submit epithelium or blood samples from every outbreak. This strategy is very important to determine the FMD topotype. In 1999, from a total of 464 outbreaks with 6,767 animals affected, a total of 180 tissue samples for antigen testing were received. A total of 59 samples from Region III (from 154 outbreaks) were received, while 46 samples from Region IV (out of 143 outbreaks) were tested. For the year 2000, from a total of 328 outbreaks affecting 4,245 animals, a total of 164 tissue samples were tested. There were 123 samples (out of 139 outbreaks) from Central Luzon and 20 samples (out of 108 outbreaks) from Southern Tagalog Region. From January-October 2001, a total of 200 outbreaks affecting 3,659 animals were reported. There were 86 samples (out of 78 outbreaks and 1,817 animals affected) from Region III and 8 samples from Region IV (out of 68 outbreaks) tested for antigen. FMD was confirmed by serological and virus typing in Region III and IV. The FMD virus stain has remained constant with FMD type O being diagnosed by the FMD laboratory. These results have been confirmed by the World FMD Reference Laboratory in the United Kingdom. From 180 samples received during the 6-month period from June to December 1999, 134 positive tests for viral antigen were diagnosed, the remaining samples 46 were negative or unsuitable for diagnosis. Activity 3 - Continue blanket vaccination activities in endemic areas and strategic vaccination when and where needed Since the disease has been confined to the endemic areas of Southern Tagalog and Central Luzon, blanket vaccination has ceased as field data indicate that the unique farming operations set up in the country do not provide 100% effective protective titres to be provided even with a blanket vaccination programme. The project undertook vaccine testing of three FMD vaccine strains either as a trivalent or monovalent vaccine and demonstrated the variable protective response of pigs to FMD vaccination. This provided a sound rationale to move away from blanket vaccination to strategic vaccination. Coupled with strict biosecurity measures such as cleaning and disinfection activities, the approach has resulted in the further decrease in the number of outbreaks. Activity 4 - Conduct herd immunity exercises in commercial farms and other areas where vaccination is practised A farm accreditation system has been developed whereby farms planning to transport FMD susceptible animals to FMD buffer/protected zones have to submit serum samples to determine the farm’s herd immunity status. Based on the results of the herd immunity test, farms are either advised to modify their farm vaccination regimen or to continue with the


9

existing vaccination programme. Currently there are 16 commercial farms in Luzon that have been accredited to send live pigs to the protected areas. In a study conducted by the project in 28 farms, only 3 farms reached the desired protection level after vaccination. This was due to poor vaccination regimes to cut costs, vaccine storage difficulties and poor vaccination technique. Only farms that meet the required protective titre levels are allowed to ship animals in the designated FMD buffer/protected zones. Activity 5 - Monitor vaccine efficacy through vaccine trials Vaccine trials to date indicate that the currently used monovalent Type O1 “Manisa/Philippines” provide adequate protection, provided they are used according to the BAI’s and manufacturer’s recommendations. Trials have been conducted on commercial pig herd immunity tests, barangay herd immunity tests, vaccination technique and serological responses of water buffaloes to a variety of vaccines. These trials have been most useful in forming policy and strategies for the control recommendations for FMD. However, it appears that the protection period is relatively short (4 months), and that in a few cases, infection despite vaccination can be expected. Activity 6 - Undertake surveillance within the project area to assess disease prevalence, monitor progress, modify the disease control strategy and ultimately to confirm disease freedom Surveillance activities are regularly carried out in certain areas of Region I (Ilocos Region), Region II (Northern Luzon) and in the recently designated provinces belonging to the protected zone (Bataan, Zambales, Cavite). Frontline field staff from the LGUs are continually undertaking surveillance activities within the buffer, protected and control areas of the FMD Surveillance Zone. Staff are encouraged through standardized report formats to be constantly vigilant in looking for both the presence and absence of the disease in their locality. Documentation of outbreaks, negative incidents and negative barangay monitoring are all incorporated in the database programme FMD_IMS (see also 3.2.3.1 below). 3.2.3. Immediate Objective Three – Maintain the already declared FMD free areas and establish specific measures on disease emergency preparedness 3.2.3.1 Output 1 - Maintenance of the Bicol peninsula as FMD free and establishment of Regions I (Ilocos), II (Northern Luzon) and the CAR as FMD free areas Activity 1 - Institutionalize the serosurveillance activity whereby all FMD free regions would submit serum samples regularly The sero-surveillance activity has only been introduced during the early part of year 2000. A manual for serum specimen collection for Luzon has been developed to serve as a guide for field staff, and there has been an increase in the number of serum samples submitted from Bicol, certain areas of Region I, II and CAR, in the Visayas and Mindanao. For the Ilocos Region, Northern Luzon and CAR, a total of 611 serum samples have been tested by ELISA. To date, a total of 530 serum samples from Southern Tagalog Region and 451 serum samples from Central Luzon have been tested by ELISA for antibody detection. Outbreak incursions were reported in the provinces of Albay, Camarines Norte and Catanduanes in Bicol Region during the months of June, July and August 2001. These outbreaks were immediately contained through a number of control measures adopted such


10

as slaughter, quarantine and cleaning and disinfection. The other 3 provinces of Bicol – Camarines Sur, Sorsogon and Masbate – have remained FMD free despite these incursions. A total of 182 serum samples were tested from the Bicol Region during this period. An increasing number of serum samples has been received from Visayas as part of the documentation process for its application as an FMD free zone without vaccination. To date, a total of 1,385 serum samples from Visayas has been tested while about 235 serum samples have been examined from Mindanao. A Guide to Blood Collection for FMD Serological Survey for Luzon and a separate manual for Visayas and Mindanao have been developed to serve as a reference for field staff. To facilitate collection of the samples, provinces in the FMD-free regions are encouraged to submit blood samples from the slaughterhouses during the normal slaughterhouse operations. The sampling strategy is 30 samples from each species from each (major) island in each province every six months in addition to field samples. For the years 1999, 2000 and 2001 (Jan-Sep) there have been 494, 213, and 364 samples from Mindanao, 838, 425, and 1,998 samples from the Visayas and 5,191, 3,149, and 2,336 samples from Luzon, respectively. Activity 2 - Institutionalize negative incident reporting in FMD free areas Frontline field staff from the LGUs are continually undertaking surveillance activities within the buffer, protected and control areas of the FMD Surveillance Zone. The negative incident reporting approach in disease monitoring was introduced in 1999 and since then has been an integral part of the disease monitoring and surveillance activities of the different provincial veterinary offices. Together with sero-surveillance, the approach has been used in determining provinces that are free from FMD, and the methodology has been instrumental in the documentation process for the application of Mindanao as an FMD free zone without vaccination. Documentation of outbreaks, negative incidents and negative barangay monitoring are all incorporated in the database programme FMD_IMS. From March-August 2001, a total of 1,206 negative monitoring reports from 185 barangays in 5 provinces of Central Luzon were received. The Southern Tagalog Region tabulated a total of 325 negative monitoring reports from 212 barangays in 5 provinces. A total of 911 negative monitoring reports from 56 barangays belonging to 3 provinces from the Ilocos Region were received during this period, and Northern Luzon submitted a total of 262 negative monitoring reports from 16 barangays belonging to 2 provinces. The Cordilleras reported a total of 58 negative monitoring activities from 40 barangays in 3 provinces. With regard to the negative monitoring activities occurring in Visayas, a total of 4,112 negative monitoring reports from 11 provinces were tabulated, while Mindanao reported a total of 266 negative monitoring reports from 4 provinces. Activity 3 - Conduct FMD Management Seminars packaged for Meat Inspectors The Project has conducted a series of FMD management seminars packaged for meat inspectors, animal technicians and livestock inspectors. These seminars have been provided on as-needs basis and will continue in specific target provinces. There have been six management seminars since 1999 to date, which have provided training to 200 meat inspectors located in endemic and protected FMD zones. A series of lectures in coordination with the National Meat Inspection Commission in Regions II and IV were conducted during the months of October and November 2000. Recognizing the role of the slaughterhouses in the epidemiology of the disease, these lectures have been designed to focus on this aspect and on how the slaughterhouse personnel could recognize FMD in the field.


11

Activity 4 - Prepare a series of information packages to address the consumer, the trader, the backyard raiser, the commercial farm owner and other relevant sectors On the start of the consolidation phase, a National Communication Plan was conceived and specific Regional Communication Plans were put in place, based on the information needs assessment done by the communications specialists in different regions. Each Regional Communication Plan differs depending on the most effective medium that can be utilized in the area as well as the resources available. Messages to be imparted are based on the disease status zone and the local disease situation in the area (as recorded in the FMD_IMS). Most of the activities done are tied up with the Department of Agriculture Regional Field Units (DA-RFU) and/or with the Regional Philippine Information Agency (PIA) through memoranda of agreement. A series of information packages to address the consumer, the trader, the backyard raiser, the commercial farm owner and other relevant sectors have been conceptualized, developed and circulated by the communications specialists employed by the project. These information campaign materials have included pamphlets, leaflets, billboards, newsletters, radio/audio presentations, and videos. To reach a wider audience, billboards, pamphlets, etc. have been translated into the local dialects specifically to Ilocano, Ilonggo, Cebuano and Waray. A national logo for the FMD control and eradication scheme has been created and is widely used in urban and rural environments. The National FMD Task Force has been actively involved in some DA-initiated activities like the Information Caravans (roving presentation in barangays with lectures/presentations, in CAR also theatre) in the Regions II (Cagayan Valley) and IV (Southern Tagalog), and Kapihan Forums in CAR. On a wider regional scale, the Project’s public awareness personnel together with the NFMDTC Chair have served as trainers/facilitators for OIE FMD SEA Subcommission members’ Public Awareness Workshop, which was held in August 2000 in Bangkok, Thailand. A study tour of Thailand’s Veterinary Services was arranged for the then Director of the BAI in January 2001 to provide him with a basis for comparison. Activity 5 - Lobby for the passage of the Animal Health Act The draft document (which would partly reverse the devolution of responsibility for FMD matters – back from provincial and municipal levels to central authority) has been finalized with assistance from the project, and is still awaiting passage with the legislators in the Senate and House of Representatives. In a similar context, the project also organized workshops/seminars coupled with a public hearing session on quarantine policies and regulations and amendments (which would clarify currently vaguely defined areas) to Administrative Order No. 15 (Revised Rules and Regulation on the Control and Eradication of Foot and Mouth Disease) for the Mindanao group in Cagayan de Oro City on February 2001. 3.2.3.2 Output 2 - Institute measures on disease emergency preparedness Activity 1 - Conduct FMD Management Seminars at FMD free provinces There have been 11 training meetings to enhance the prepardness of the FMD free provinces which had 620 participants during the year 2001. Most of the meetings were held in the Visayas, and some in Mindanao. The activities have so far resulted in informally written-up papers (often not typed), which outline in some detail emergency measures to be taken, their sequencing, and the responsible actors. However, they have not yet reached a


12

stage where they could be considered to be immediately applicable and of direct use, especially for newly appointed office-holders. Furthermore, the planned creation and documentation of generic (for FMD) and specific (for individual provinces/regions) action plans and Standard Operating Procedures for places and people is still in its initial phase. Activity 2 - Establish formal linkages with relevant authorities i.e. the PNP, National Disaster Coordinating Council, local officials, etc. Inter-agency regional task force meetings have been institutionalized. Such task force groupings are composed of members from the government agencies, the LGUs and local industry sector associations and other interested stakeholders. At the same time, there is active participation in the National Agricultural and Fishery Council, a private-sector led committee under the Department of Agriculture. Formal linkages had also been established with the Philippine National Police (PNP) to render assistance to our checkpoint guards assigned in the strategic checkpoints in the country especially in the implementation of an effective animal movement management programme. The project has focused more on collaboration with Regional, instead of the National Disaster Coordinating Council, as many disasters are regional in nature. So far, disaster coordinating committees in two regions (Regions III and IV) have included FMD in their disaster plans. 4. Government Involvement, Technical and Operational Backstopping, Project

Management 4.1 Government involvement Strong government interest and involvement in the project is evident at all levels. The most evident demonstration of this strong government support is the early decision to take over the procurement of FMD vaccines, thereby saving the project approximately US$ 1 million. Also the decision by municipal councils and provincial governments to accept budgetary responsibility for checkpoint staff, points to strong support throughout the public administration. However, perhaps due to the devolution of authority, there are some instances in provinces and municipalities where FMD issues (and veterinary activities in general, for that matter) do not receive adequate attention. Long delays in appointing provincial veterinary officers and recruiting of unqualified municipal meat inspectors are cases in point. 4.2 Technical and operational backstopping Technical backstopping appears to have been mainly in terms of general guidance, facilitation of international contacts and visits by international experts, and the provision of EMPRES training and other materials that could be adapted by the project. Apart from the animal health specialists in FAO’s Regional Office and FAO HQ, also units dealing with communications in FAO HQ (SDRE – communications – and GIII – multimedia support) have provided technical advice to the project. The inputs of the consultants in training have been well targeted, relevant and sustaining, particularly in FMD epidemiology and risk analysis. Operational and administrative backstopping is reported to have been without problems or untimely delays.


13

4.3 Project management The project represents a very successful example of a smooth transition from international management by a CTA to management by GOP staff. The project has been run since early 2000 (after the end of the first phase) by regular BAI employees with sporadic visits by international consultants (including the former CTA) to provide specific guidance. The project management is thus fully integrated into the existing national structures; however, some senior staff, including regional coordinators, are still on contractual status. The project’s main management body NFMDTF, has shown able and astute leadership, which has generated goodwill towards routine operations and enhanced the chance of success in emergency operations. Project reporting has been at infrequent intervals, but this was more than offset by regular participating in meetings and field visits by project management and coordinating staff. 5. Actual and Potential Results 5.1 Development of FMD situation over time At the height of the FMD crisis in 1995, 22 provinces were affected by 1,553 outbreaks with a total of 98,604 animals (98,368 pigs, 199 carabaos, 36 cattle, and one goat). The number of reported outbreaks declined significantly in 1996 to 392, while the number of affected provinces remained at 22. In 1997, a total of 421 outbreaks were recorded affecting 4,810 animals, in 1998 there were 449 outbreaks affecting 8,296 animals, in 1999 464 outbreaks affecting 6,772 animals, and in 2000, there were 325 outbreaks reported affecting 4,224 animals, with only pigs involved. The heightened state of FMD awareness and preparedness in the Philippines was demonstrated by an outbreak of FMD in Iloilo (Visayas) in 1999 (the first occurrence in 23 years), which was quickly contained and rapidly eradicated. The regional DA as well as the livestock producers give full credit to the project for the success of the intervention. FMD preparedness seminars and public awareness and training activities had paved the way for an almost instantaneous launching of the control and eradication campaign. A high degree of cooperation among government line agencies, local government and the private sector was achieved, and decisive action was possible while panic reactions were avoided. However, nine provinces of Luzon must still be regarded as endemically infected and posing a significant risk to the rest of the country. (In other areas of Luzon, a high prevalence during the mid-1990s has been followed by sporadic and isolated occurrences, which were quickly contained and rapidly eradicated.) Epidemiological patterns of FMD occurrence have demonstrated a double peak in time – the first, and most significant, being in the first couple of months of each year when the total pig population changes and becomes more susceptible. A second, smaller peak occurs mid-year when the environment is cooler and wetter. Detailed investigations over the past six years have also demonstrated particular hot-spots (specific barangays, municipalities and cities) of repeated and persistent infection within each infected province, which will need to be in the focus of more targeted activities to achieve final eradication. Project activities in the recent past have specifically targeted public awareness as well as enhancing the effectiveness of quarantine checkpoints. To ensure post-project sustainability, efforts have been, and continue to be, made to absorb these activities into regular LGU responsibilities. While the checkpoints provide the necessary control measures (and may even need to be increased to address remaining gaps in animal movement control), the FMD


14

campaign has been an indispensable complement to raise the level of awareness of various sectors in society. Farmers are now equipped with the basic knowledge on the nature of FMD, while commercial raisers are more open to share information and suggestions on FMD. Most recent infections outside of the control zone can be traced back to rogue traders6 – it thus appears that vigilant animal movement controls as well as information activities have to go hand-in-hand in order to attain the ultimate goal of FMD eradication. 5.2 Coordination of the FMD control programme at national, regional, provincial and local government level The Philippines are divided into 16 regions (I - XIII, CAR, NCR and ARMM) and 78 provinces. Each region has a regional office under the Department of Agriculture and is headed by a Regional Director and 3 Assistant Directors, one of whom has specific responsibility for livestock. The regional DA offices are responsible for the coordination of FMD control programmes in all provinces, cities and municipalities in their respective areas. The project’s main coordination body is the National FMD Task Force, which reports to a Technical Advisory Committee on FMD. The NFMDTF in turn has set up regional task forces, which are present in each of the currently infected (III and IV) and protected (I, II, V and CAR) regions in Luzon and meet regularly (usually monthly) with all provincial and city veterinarians as well as representatives of livestock producers, to review progress and plan activities. In the FMD-free areas, similar committees have been established and meet on an as-needed basis (in the case of the Visayas and Mindanao, quarterly). Regular progress reports are sent from the municipal and provincial levels to the NFMDTF which, in turn, informs the various hierarchical levels of the Department. Changes in government structure have resulted in many functions and activities being devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs). Following devolution, while the BAI is still maintaining a supervisory and coordinating capacity and each region receives specific line funding for FMD control/prevention, the NFMDTF has played a critical role in guiding and coordinating the national plan for disease control and eradication through the regional task force model. The task force model has enabled the project to make increasing use of existing extension staff of provincial and municipal offices to prepare and supply effective information programmes, as well as to organize surveillance and control measures. For example, the DA of Region II has constructed a new, purpose built check-point station at Aritao to protect all of the provinces in the Cagayan Valley and the Eastern provinces of the Cordillera Mountains; they are also assisting with the payment of some staff salaries. Likewise, some provinces and municipalities in the Visayas (Negros Oriental) have taken over checkpoint staff and/or provided additional staffing. In addition, the commercial livestock producer organizations in some provinces provide specific assistance with replacement pigs for those small holders whose animals have been destroyed. However, there are also cases where provincial governments have been unable to appoint e.g. provincial veterinarians for an extended period of time, and where changes in municipal administrations have resulted in a reshuffle of e.g. meat inspectors, making frequent re-training necessary. 5.3 Surveillance work The approach towards FMD control and eradication used by the project includes the four components laid down in the National Plan, i.e. disease monitoring and surveillance, vaccination, quarantine (including cleaning, disinfection and biosecurity) and information

6 In general, pig prices are higher in the controlled zone (which includes Metro Manila) than in the free zone – thus, there is not normally an incentive to transport pigs towards the free zones. However, on some occasions prices may fluctuate, and it must be assumed that some traders take advantage of that situation.


15

dissemination. To better focus on specific disease control activities, the country has been divided into the two zones of FMD-free (covering Mindanao, and soon the Visayas) and FMD-Surveillance (which is sub-divided into Buffer, Protected and Control areas for disease control purposes). All four elements are implemented in the control area. Disease monitoring (which involves monitoring and documenting for both presence and absence of FMD), quarantine and information activities are implemented in the protected and buffer areas and the Free Zone. Field officers in both zones report on negative incidents (where FMD is initially suspected, but subsequently proved to be negative) and negative village visits (where regular routine visits demonstrate absence of FMD). The surveillance currently undertaken for disease monitoring relies heavily on obtaining routine specimens from slaughterhouses in the FMD-free, the buffer and protected zones. The level of surveillance is variable and depends on the number of observations and samples collected for testing at the FMD laboratory. While the surveillance regime has been successful in convincing OIE that Mindanao is free from FMD (and soon Visayas), the level of surveillance could be more structured to extend the confidence of FMD free status. The FMD-IMS disease database established by the project is highly appropriate and functional, which is an essential tool for effective surveillance. Also the high level of competence of the FMD Laboratory enhances the accuracy of surveillance procedures. These two essential components of a surveillance system are well established. A significant partner in any surveillance procedures is the coverage provided by the meat inspectors during their ante mortem examinations. This is already occurring, and needs to be nurtured, as it provides important trace-back evidence from large livestock populations. Evidence was given to the mission that the slaughterhouses were often the source of FMD infection, with uninfected pigs becoming infected with in two days. The “all-in-all-out” system if followed, should overcome this situation coupled with sound disinfection procedures and adequate treatment of effluents from slaughterhouses. The surveillance of adequate disinfection practices in slaughterhouses is likely to be of increasing importance, and they will have an important part to play in the final stages of FMD control and eradication strategies. A consistent view given to the review team was that should an FMD outbreak occur in the regions visited (Region III, IV, V, VI, VII, CAR), the Regional FMDTF would quickly know of the outbreak due to their own surveillance operations. This is an encouraging feature of the current surveillance system. 5.4 Animal movement management The foundation of the control of animal movement is correct documentation of movement and the restriction that only certified farms may send pigs to the protected zone, as well as the physical checking of animals at checkpoints, slaughterhouses and ports. A movement permit system is used for all animals going to a slaughterhouse and to other farms/markets. This system is working well, although there are indications that there is some informal movement of live animals and possibly imported meat products. The effectiveness of detection of livestock at ports is reasonable, however, much less so for livestock products due to their difficulty in detection. The control of the movement of animals is facilitated by the short buying chain. This is due to traders purchasing animals and forwarding them directly to the slaughterhouse, with no onward selling to another livestock trader or market. Also, the large majority of animal movements is towards Manila where pigs are higher priced. This poses a reduced risk of infected pigs moving from Central Luzon to the protected and free zones. The animal movement controls within and between the protected, free and control zones are well established and operational, and in most cases the permits give sufficient detail for a


16

trace-back of infected pigs7. A significant feature in fostering the acceptance of livestock movement control are the community awareness activities orchestrated by the project – it apears that GOP staff and private sector officials as well as the general public understand the importance of controlling livestock movement in the FMD control and eradication strategy. Checkpoints provide a visible demonstration of the importance of livestock movements and an opportunity to understand the trade relationships based on livestock movements. Several of the checkpoints are run by the regional, provincial or municipal offices with limited inputs by the project. The main difficulty with checkpoints is to maintain a high state of vigilance. There is some evidence of different expectations by regional and provincial staff on the effectiveness of checkpoints, with some indicating that they were effective and others suggesting that there were not enough of them. 5.5 Vaccination strategy The orthodox system of two vaccinations at one-month intervals does not work in the pig production system being practised in the Philippines, where the same animals due to slaughter or sale are not kept for long in the pen and are no longer available for the booster (second) dose. In view of this, the vaccination strategy shifted from blanket (mass) vaccination to strategic vaccination in 1998. A total of 1,954 serum samples (at least 30 random samples per farm) were tested for antibody using ELISA from 1997 to 2001 to monitor herd immunity. Samples came from 28 commercial farms (16 farms using monovalent vaccine and 12 farms using trivalent vaccine) from Region III (Bulacan & Nueva Ecija) and Region IV (Rizal). To be considered “immune”, 80% or higher of the herd should have an antibody titre of 112 and above. However, only three farms however showed this immunity level. The low level is attributed to non-administration of the booster dose, improper vaccine storage and vaccine administration (speed shots). The results of the study highlight the need for the commercial sector to be closely involved in FMD control and eradication activities as a number of the commercial farms were susceptible even though their pig herd was supposed to be “vaccinated”. 5.6 Public awareness activities and education campaigns A number of activities both in the printed and broadcast forms are being conducted to promote public awareness on FMD. These include production of information materials and the conduct of School-on-the-Air (SOA) programme, radio programmes, info-caravans, theatre presentations, audio-tower broadcast systems and ”kapihan”. These activities vary from region to region depending upon which activities are found effective with the audience. Thus, theatre presentation is a feature only in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), info-caravans in Region I, II, III & IV, while the audio-tower broadcast system is exclusively introduced in Region VI and radio programmes in Region VII. Information materials consist of the FMD Monitor (a monthly newsletter), brochures, posters, billboards, board fans, note pads and videos. Brochures and posters both in English and Pilipino are translated into regional dialects like Cebuano, Bicolano and Ilocano. These are reproduced at the expense of the regional DA and distributed to farm owners/farmers, LGUs, agriculture officials, schools, NGOs, GOs, meat traders (viajeros), media executives and

7 The mission was not able to visit the OIE FMD-free zone in Mindanao; however, advice on the situation was provided by national and regional staff.


17

other stakeholders. Billboards are installed in strategic points along major highways/roads. Videos are likewise distributed to the LGUs, schools, NGOs, GOs and the media. The School-on-the-Air started as a pilot project in regions IV and V (Bicol). This activity is being continued and taken up by the regions where this is found effective. The region also assumes the expense involved but the lessons aired are based on the SOA Manual developed by the project with revisions appropriate to the region. Region VI, VII and VIII in the Visayas and Region VIII in Mindanao have this as a regular activity which is spearheaded by their respective DA-Regional Field Units (DA-RFU) in partnership with the Philippine Information Agency (PIA). In the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) this activity is being undertaken in partnership with Benguet State University (BSU) while in Region I, it is implemented by the Office of the Provincial Veterinarian together with the PIA. As these activities are being taken up by the regions and become regular features of their respective public awareness programmes, they are becoming institutionalized. While there is no formal assessment as yet of the effectiveness of the Public Awareness Programme, periodic internal evaluation primarily based on informal feedback of the various components of the programme has been undertaken. Based on this, improvements/modifications have been introduced along the way. It is safe to state that on the whole the Project’s Public Awareness Programme proved effective as the public is now better informed on FMD than previously. However there is a need to institute/intensify the programme in FMD-free Mindanao to maintain a sound level of awareness and vigilance. It is comforting to note that the project in particular and the BAI in general have established an effective working partnership with the PIA in the promotion of public awareness on FMD. This partnership has certainly contributed to the successful implementation of the programme. (For a more detailed information of the publication, information materials and other public awareness activities the project has undertaken for the period under review, the reader is referred to the relevant section in the annexes). 5.7 Contingency plans and emergency preparedness The National FMD Task Force receives an annual budget allocation (approximately P 18 million in 2000) for operational activities. Each regional task force receives supplementary allocations from the Department of Agriculture to allow for quick immediate response if an emergency arises. There is also a separate fund to indemnify owners of affected stock should the latter need to be destroyed. (However, indemnity is only paid for pigs on the farm; traded animals are excluded. In the case of a major outbreak, GOP funds would be quickly exhausted.) All suspected outbreaks of FMD are reported to the NFMDTF, mostly through the provincial veterinary office. When FMD is suspected in an FMD-free area, an expert diagnostic team is immediately dispatched by the designated Regional Coordinator to investigate; this team consists of an epidemiologist and a laboratory diagnostician. Once confirmed, the Coordinator and provincial veterinarian immediately organize activities to bring the disease under control. Depending on the state and stage of the outbreak, steps may include destruction with compensation and evaluation of the need for vaccination. The National FMD Task Force reports all outbreaks to the Animal Health Division, the BAI Director and the National Committee for Animal Disease Control Emergencies (NAC-ADCE). With the continued presence of FMD in central Luzon, existing internal quarantine and movement control activities have been maintained and regularly reviewed to ensure that the risk of introducing the virus to other areas is minimized. As part of their emergency preparedness, each region has established a specific FMD task force and (in training


18

sessions) has developed rudimentary contingency plans should such an introduction take place. Also provincial emergency preparedness action plans have been developed in the course of training exercises conducted by the project. These plans (going by an example from the Visayas) list the activities to be undertaken, their sequencing and the persons/agencies responsible. (Costs were listed as a column in the plan matrix, but not filled in.) The seminars, together with the FMD Disease Handbook for Field Officers, have created a general understanding of the actions to be taken in the case of an outbreak. It can also be assumed that the responsible persons/agencies know e.g. where to establish a checkpoint, who would be available to control infected farms, what would be the compensation policy, etc. However, it would appear that at least in those provinces considered particularly risk-prone, a more formal write-up (and its distribution to key persons/agencies) of the emergency preparedness plans would be useful to avoid later misunderstandings and delays. 5.8 International recognition and accreditation A national plan to control and eradicate FMD was drafted in 1996 and approved by the central planning office of the country (NEDA). The strategies contained in the plan were an extension of the strategies used in eradicating FMD in the free areas. There are three phases leading to total national FMD freedom: • Phase I which covered the period 1996-1998 and aimed at reducing the incidence in high

incidence areas to 10% of 1995 levels and eliminating clinical cases in moderate and low incidence areas.

• Phase II covered 1999-2000 and aimed to eliminate clinical cases throughout the country.

• Phase III covers 2001-2003 and has as its objective total eradication and international recognition.

Through effective quarantine activities and movement controls of livestock and livestock products, all Provinces of all Regions in Mindanao have maintained their FMD-free status throughout the current (1994-2001) outbreak in Luzon. During the latter part of 2000, the Philippines applied for and succeeded (in May 2001) in obtaining international recognition from the OIE, of zonal “Freedom from FMD without Vaccination” for the whole of Mindanao. With the exception of an isolated outbreak in Iloilo in 1999 due to suspected introduction from Luzon, there have been no new FMD cases in the Visayas. With no new cases forthcoming, the Philippines will apply in November 2001 to the OIE for an extension of the internationally recognized FMD-Free Zone without Vaccination to include these regions and the island of Palawan in Region IV. This will mean that two-thirds of the country and more than half of the national populations of pigs, cattle, buffalo, goats and sheep will be in the internationally recognized FMD-Free Zone without Vaccination. 6. Specific Topics and Issues 6.1 Cost-effectiveness According to the project document, the first attempt to quantify the economic impact of FMD in the Philippines was a PhD dissertation conducted in 1977. The study provided a theoretical review of the productivity effects of the disease, based on secondary data on Philippines animal productivity, but often using production loss indices (such as losses in milk yield due to FMD, for example) from studies conducted in a variety of other countries. The study concluded that the Philippines sustained an annual direct economic loss of


19

approximately US$ 25 million, and recommended as the most favourable option an eradication programme for the country over 4 years, including mass vaccination, quarantine and eventual slaughter of infected animals. The benefit/cost ratio of such a programme was calculated at approximately 3:1. The project document further opined that “increased investment in commercial farming would be anticipated with the removal of a major risk factor (FMD) and, in the longer term, the possibility of export market development could see benefits accrue not only to producers but to the national economy as well”. Also the decision by the Department of Agriculture (DA), to identify FMD as one of seven priority diseases causing major economic loss in livestock production, provided an economic justification for the project. However, the economics of FMD control have not been taken up by the project beyond an informal compilation of data on potential costs and gains connected with FMD control and eradication. Anecdotal evidence from pig producers in Iloilo would suggest that as a result of the FMD outbreak in 1999, they have lost approximately P 0.5 billion (US$ 9.8 million) due to the lack of access particularly to the Cebu market. It appears that with Mindanao already recognized as FMD-free, and with the application to the OIE for accreditation of the Visayas as FMD-free, a better understanding of the economic costs and benefits associated with FMD control and eradication is necessary. For example, once exporters depend on the FMD-free status, clear guidelines and a mutual understanding must exist between the Government, producers, traders and exporters about the criteria to be applied in the event of an FMD outbreak – when to stamp out, when to vaccinate, levels of compensation, etc. This information does not seem to exist for Mindanao, and needs to be generated for the Visayas and eventually for the entire country, to make an informed decision possible on the design and ultimate objectives of the FMD campaign. 6.2 Training programme The training programme has been a major component of the project. There has been a strong thrust to deliver effective training to a wide range of groups, some of whom would act as multipliers in providing further training for their constituents. Since the start of the consolidation phase in 1999, there have been 94 training activities conducted. The change-over of staff at slaughterhouses and government offices after elections has meant that repeat training was necessary in some regions. Most of the training has been short and clustered around regions, predominantly the Visayas and Luzon, with the focus of the training ranging from national staff to end users. The language used was often in the local dialect for the farming communities. The training provided often involved other agencies such as the Philippine Information Agency. No formal evaluation of the training was undertaken, however, some regions have taken over the training provided by the project using radio and extension material provided by the project. The training in epidemiology provided by consultants was considered by the trainees to be highly appropriate and of value. 6.3 Collaboration with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs, livestock industry) in disease prevention and control A significant partner in the control and eradication of FMD in the Philippines is the livestock industry. National hog raiser associations are said to be supportive of an eradication effort; however, the actual contribution of the associations is most apparent at the provincial level. A clear and effective integration of the livestock industry groups at the regional level was evident throughout the control and eradication of the FMD outbreak that occurred in Region VI at Ilioilo. The synergistic support and mutual benefits that were derived by the participation of all groups in this outbreak would serve as a good model for other regions.


20

There has been limited evidence of the involvement of other Non-Government Organizations (apart from associations of commercial livestock raisers) in the national FMD control and eradication programme. Other groups may warrant further exploration to determine the likelihood of mutual benefits so that they can be assist in some of the aspects of a national FMD control programme. Public Awareness is one major theme of the programme which would be of possible interest to both NGOs and the NFMDT. 6.4 Sustainability The project’s consolidation phase represents a successful example for the transition from a project to a national implementation mode. Approaches have been tested, collaboration arrangements tried out, institutional links developed and the concept has been refined. Physical results of the project have become widely visible, although the disease has not yet been eliminated from the last two endemic regions (and indications are that this might prove more difficult than originally expected). However, there are certain gaps and delays in the project, which could jeopardize the achievements as well as the follow-up to the project. These gaps include the fact that CFMDP, although referring to the economic consequences of FMD, has not yet analysed the real economic costs and benefits of FMD control and eradication. This information will be crucial in securing the necessary political support as well as the cooperation of the livestock and meat processing industry for a final eradication strategy. It will also be needed for performing an adequate valuation of the control options (stamping out vs. vaccination) should re-infection occur. Contingency plans as to how to deal with FMD emergencies have been developed as a training exercise for certain regions and provinces, but need to be systematically prepared and updated. Furthermore, although the bulk of former contractual (i.e. fixed-term staff) as well as certain operational costs (e.g. for disinfectants) have already been taken over by GOP agencies, pivotal staff as well as core FMD facilities (checkpoints) continue to be funded by the project. An exit strategy concerning the eventual regularization of these positions and facilities needs to be found, as well as – with a longer-term horizon – a strategy decision will be required regarding the final eradication of FMD from the Philippines.


a

Annexes Terms of Reference for the joint evaluation mission by AusAID, FAO and the Government of the Philippines8 BACKGROUND The Consolidation Phase of the GCP/PHI/041/AUL Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in the Philippines is a two year project that commenced last December 1999 and ends on November, 2001. It carries a budget amounting to US$ 1,000,000.00. The project strategy is to continue what has been started by the project through the empowerment of national and provincial authorities in implementing disease control through the provision of technical advice, training and resources. The basic premises on which the strategy was formulated are that: a) it is essential to eliminate FMD within Luzon b) maintaining a strong veterinary infrastructure that can function effectively in coordinating a national eradication programme. c) There is a current direction to verify the disease free status of areas within and outside Luzon and provide a higher level of protection to them. The necessary elements of the strategy are: - continued coordination and implementation of national FMD control - establishment of the Bicol peninsula as an FMD free area - control of FMD in the south of Quezon Province and adjoining areas - control of FMD in the north of Luzon - control of outbreaks should they occur in established disease free areas - confirmation of disease freedom in all areas within and outside Luzon PURPOSE OF THE EVALUATION The design of the two year consolidation phase was the result of an independent review conducted by Dr Geering in 1999 (see Geering Report). The report embodied a review of the three year Phase 1 of the project plus the recommendations of what should be done in the next two years. The recommendations were to use the then surplus funds on the following activities, namely: continued mentoring role of key people for technical advice, OIE accreditation of zonal and national FMD freedom, continuation and extension of public awareness and education campaigns, further training programmes, and strengthening national FMD checkpoints. The evaluation is therefore intended to examine the progress of the activities planned based on the recommendations given in the Geering report and as embodied in the Project Design of the Consolidation Phase. TERMS OF REFERENCE The mission will assess the:

8 The TOR are reproduced in the original wording, unadjusted for the actual itinerary followed by the mission (see following annex).


b

1. National coordination of the FMD control programme 2. Disease situation of 2001 compared with 2000 and the period 1995 to 2000. 3. Determine the factors that contributed to the current disease situation. 4. Surveillance work done in the surveillance protected zone, surveillance buffer zone and the surveillance control zone 5. Surveillance work done in the free zones. 6. Animal movement management in the surveillance protected and control zones as well as to the free zones 7. The vaccination strategy 8. Public awareness activities conducted 9. The contingency plans in place COMPOSITION OF THE MISSION The mission will comprise of: Team Leader (FAO) with experience of evaluation and of livestock development projects Member (AUSAID) with experience of animal health programmes and evaluation Member (GOP) with experience of animal health programmes and development projects Mission members should be independent and thus have no previous direct involvement with the project either with regard to its formulation, implementation or backstopping. TIMETABLE AND ITINERARY OF THE MISSION Day 1 Courtesy visits Briefings Day 2 Region III Briefing/ Visit Guiguinto, Bulacan Day 3 Batangas Port/ Malicboy Checkpoint, Quezon Day 4 Manila Day 5 Sorsogon Ports Camarines Sur Day 6 Back to Manila/ Report Writing Day 7 Cebu Day 8 Cebu to Manila Consultations with other livestock groups/offices Day 9 Butuan


c

Day 10 Butuan to Manila Day 11 Report Writing Day 12 Review Public Awareness Activities Day 13 Report Writing Debriefing Day 14 Depart Manila to Home Country CONSULTATIONS The mission will maintain close liaison with the Representatives of the donor and FAO and the concerned national agencies as well as with national and international project staff. Although the mission should feel free to discuss with the authorities concerned anything relevant to its assignment, it is not authorized to make any commitments on behalf of the Government, the donor or FAO. REPORTING The mission is fully responsible for its independent report which may not necessarily reflect the views of the Government, the donor or FAO. The report will be written in conformity with the standard format. The report will be completed, to the extent possible, in the country and the findings and recommendations fully discussed with all concerned parties and wherever possible consensus achieved. The mission will also complete the FAO Project Evaluation Questionnaire. The mission leader bears responsibility for finalization of the report, which will be submitted to FAO within two weeks of mission completion. FAO will submit the report to the Government and donor together with its comments.


d

Itinerary and persons met 17 October 2001 (Wed) Manila Arrival Bultemeier/Copland 18 October 2001 (Thu) Manila/Makati/Quezon City Mr A L Cruz, FAO National Programme Officer Dr C Canda-Benigno, Head, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Task Force (NFMDTF), BAI, Quezon City NFMDTF staff Dr Jose Q Molina, Director, BAI Dr R C Abila, Chief, National Veterinary Quarantine Service/ Deputy Chairperson NFMDTF

Dr Blesilda Verin, Head, FMD Laboratory, BAI, Manila Dr Angeles de Mayo, Epidemiologist, National Coordinator for FMDTF, Region III Dr Catherine Umandal, Regional Coordinator for FMDTF, Region IV 19 October 2001 (Fri) San Fernando, Pampanga/Guiguinto, Bulacan Mr R Manalili, Regional FMDTF Coordinator, DA Region III Dr Fernando Montano, Regional Veterinary Quarantine Officer Dr Renato Alonzo, Regional Veterinary Officer Dr Georgette Dionisio, Municipal Veterinarian Guiguinto, DA Reg. III Dr C Canda-Benigno, Head, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Task Force (NFMDTF), BAI, Quezon City Dr Angeles de Mayo, Epidemiologist, National Coordinator for FMDTF, Region III Ms Elaine Llarena, Communications Specialist, NFMDTF, Manila 20 October 2001 (Sat) Malicboy Checkpoint, Pagbilao, Quezon/Batangas Port NFMDTF checkpoint staff, Malicboy checkpoint Mr Manny Mercurio, Malicboy checkpoint officer, Malicboy Mr Johnwarich Calirog, checkpoint officer, Malicboy Mr Edgar Pastrana, checkpoint officer, Malicboy Philippine National Police (PNP) officers, Malicboy checkpoint Mr B Bagui, Quarantine Officer, Batangas Port Mr Domingo Caro, NFMDTF, Communications Specialist,Manila Dr Catherine Umandal, National Task Force Coordinator, Region IV 21 October 2001 (Sun) Manila 22 October 2001 (Mon) Legaspi, Albay/Matnog Port/Bulan Port Dr Benedicto Abordo, Regional Veterinary Quarantine Officer, Pili, DA Region V Dr Gonzalo Legaspi, Chief, Regulatory Division, Pili, DA Region V Mr Jaime Cuangey, Officer-in-charge, Matnog Port, Sorsogon Dairy Farm, Cavid-an, Sorsogon Mr Robert Carcira, Checkpoint Guard, Matnog, Sorsogon Mr Estelito Deri, Officer-in-charge, Bulan Port, Sorsogon 23 October (Tue) Manila Ms C Canda-Benigno, Head, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Task Force (NFMDTF), BAI, Quezon City NFMDTF staff Ms M S Manantan, Dep Exec Director, National Meat Inspection Commission Dr M Elizabeth Callanta, Division Head, Meat Science and Technology, National Meat Inspection Commission


e

Dr Clarita Sangcal, Division Head, In-plant Operation Inspection, National Meat Inspection Commission 24 October (Wed), Iloilo Meeting with the Regional FMDTF and Regional Officers, Region VI Dr Oscar Limoso, Regional Director of Veterinary Quarantine, Region VI Dr Nachito Baylon, Regional Technical Director/ Head of Regional FMD Task Force, Region VI Dr Peter Sobrevega, OIC, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Region VI Ms Velina Encanto, Chief Regional Agriculture and Fisheries Information Division, Region VI Dr Bienvenido Hugo, Regional Director, National Meat Inspection Commission, Region VI Dr Jose Jalbuena, Animal Quarantine Inspector, Manpurmao Airport, Iloilo City, Region VI NFMDTF Meeting with associations of pig producers Mr Victorio Lo, Iloilo Hog Raisers Coop (IHRC) Mr Joe Badrina, IHRC member Mr William Co United Swine Producers of Iloilo (USPI) Mr Kenneth Navarro, USPI Mr Warren Uy, USPI 25 October (Thu), Cebu Meeting with the Region VII FMD Task Force and Regional Office, Region VII Mr Eduardo Lecciones Jr, Regional Director DA Region VII Ms Cherry L Diola, Information Officer, Philippines Information Agency, Region VII Dr Geraldine Franza, OIC Regulatory Branch, DA, Region VII Dr Alice Utlang, Regional FMD Task Force Coordinator, Region VII Dr Jose Quitazol, Regional Technical Director, Region VII Dr Welmer Guerra, Regional Qurantine Officer, Region VII Cebu Port visits Regional Veterinary Laboratory visit Dr Peter Sobrevega, OIC, RVL Visit Domestic Airport FMD control Dr Arnie de las Marias, Vet Qurantine Service, Mactan Int’l Airport, Cebu Meeting with association of poultry/livestock producers Mr Reynaldo Macaraig, Chairman, Cebu Poultry and Livestock Association (CPLA) Dr Avelino de Manuel, CPLA member Dr Nestor Alonso, CPLA member Mr Emerito C Tomada, CPLA member Mr Tony Chong, CPLA member Mr Catalino Bautista, CPLA member Ms Norma Sybico, Treasurer and member CPLA Mr Santiago Tanchan, Multifarms Agro-Industry Development Corporation 26 October 2001 (Fri), departure Cebu, arrival Baguio 27 October 2001 (Sat), Baguio Info-Caravan, Cordillera Youth Theater Group, Barangay Poliwes, Baguio City Ms Brigit Piok, City Veterinarian, Baguio City Ms Helen R Tibaldo, Regional Director CAR, PIA


f

members of Barangay SWAT (Strategy, Watch & Action Team) Barangay officals Regional PIA staff 28 October 2001 (Sun), Manila Visit Manila Port Dr Antonio Diaz Jr, Veterinary Quarantine Service, North Harbour, Region IV, Manila Dr Alow Sanchez, Veterinary Officer, Region IV, Manila Report writing 29 October 2001 (Mon), Manila Ms C Canda-Benigno, Head, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Task Force (NFMDTF), BAI, Quezon City NFMDTF staff Meeting with meat processors Mr A Zabaljauregui, GenOSI Ms V C Lim, Materials Manager, GenOSI Mr E G Fortaleza, Production Manager, Jollibee Foods Corporation Mr M D Rocha, President, Agri-business Corporation (ARB) Mr F J Buencamino, Executive Director, Philippine Associations of Meat Processors, Inc Mr R E Agarrado, Vice President for Operations, The Pacific Meat Company, Inc Mr D Kawrend, Delta-Pacific Equities Inc 30 October 2001 (Tue), Manila Mr Cesar M Drilon, Jr, Under-Secretary (Fisheries and Livestock), DA De-briefing of mission Dr Jose Q Molina, Director, BAI Ms Erika M Montero-Geronimo, Project Officer Rural Development/Development Cooperation, AusAID Mr A L Cruz, FAO National Programme Officer Dr C Canda-Benigno, Head, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Task Force (NFMDTF), BAI, Quezon City NFMDTF staff 31 October 2001 (Wed), Manila Departure of mission members 1 November 2001 (Thu), Bangkok (Bultemeier only) Mr H Wagner, Regional Animal Production Officer Mr R van Nijnanten, Country Project Officer Mr H Konuma, Chief, Policy Branch


g

Technical co-operation personnel

Entry on duty (date) Departure (date)

Post No. Post Title Name, gender and

nationality of incumbent

Sched. (Est.)

Actual Sched. (Est.) Actual

National Community Awareness Specialist

Mildred A. Rojo, female, Filipino

4/97 20/6/97 4/97 11/99

National Community Awareness Specialist

Mildred A. Rojo-Laurilla, female, Filipino

3/00 27/4/00 3/01 31/3/01

National Veterinary Services Specialist

Imelda J. Santos, female, Filipino

16/12/99 16/12/99 11/11/01

National Veterinary Services Specialist

Imelda J. Santos, female, Filipino

12/3/01 12/3/01 30/11/01

Nationally recruited project personnel (NPPP)

Chief Technical Adviser

Raymond F. Webb, male, Australian

11/96 6/12/96 31/5/00 31/5/00

Consultant on Veterinary Services

Raymond F. Webb, male, Australian

4/3/01 4/3/01 17/3/01 17/3/01

Field Veterinary Officer

Paul Freeman, male, Australian

11/96 18/5/97 10/97 18/5/98

Field Veterinary Officer

Peter A.W. Harper, male, Australian

5/98 21/5/98 11/99 30/11/99

Consultant on Vet. Epidemiology (1

st visit)

F. Christian Baldock, male, Australian

2/97 16/2/97 3/97 8/3/97


nd visit)

Francis Christian Baldock, male, Australian

5/97 24/5/97 5/97 31/5/97


rd visit)

Francis Christian Baldock, male, Australian

9/97 6/9/97 9/97 27/9/97

Consultant on Vet. Epidemiology (4th visit)

Francis Christian Baldock, male Australian

8/99 3/8/99 29/8 1/9/99

Consultant on Vet. Epidemiology

Angus Cameron, male, Australian

9/8/98 28/8/98



4/99 23/4/99 5/99 14/5/99



26/8/01 6/9/01

Consultant on Virology

Richard Paul Kitching, male, U.K.

14/3/98 31/3/98

Independent Review of the FAO/AusAID Prog.

William A. Geering male, Australian

2/3/99 2/3/99 3/99 18/3/99

Consultant on Virology

William J. Doughty male, Australian

10/99 3/10/99 10/99 23/10/99

Internationally recruited project professional personnel (IPPP)

Consultant on Risk Analysis

Katharina Stark, female, Swiss

7/7/01 7/7/01 16/7/01 16/7/01


h

Government project personnel

Name & gender of incumbent Designation

Chairperson, FMD Task Force Dr Carolyn Canda-Benigno, female

Overall supervisor of FMD developments in the country

Dr Ronello Abila, male Deputy Chairperson, FMD Task Force

FMD Task Force/Regional Coordinators

Responsible for disease monitoring/vaccination/ quarantine components on FMD

Dr Danilo Costa, male Coordinator for Region I

Dr Ann Catherine V. Umandal, female Coordinator for Region II & IV (contractual staff)

Dr Angeles de Mayo, female Coordinator for Region III

Dr Vicente Nim, male Coordinator for Region V

Ms Socorro Mercado, female Coordinator for Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)

Dr Ann Catherine V. Umandal, female Coordinator for National Capital Region (NCR)

Dr Blesilda Verin, female Head, FMD Laboratory

Dr Garry Arvesu, male Technical Assistant, FMD Task Force

Ms Lisa Gayas, female Technical Assistant, FMD Task Force


i

General Service staff (FAO) and contractual staff

Ma. Aileen Alcos, female, Filipino 25/08/98 30/11/01 15/09/01

Domingo Caro, male, Filipino 22/03/99 30/11/01

Communications Specialists

Elaine Llarena, female, Filipino 01/03/98 30/11/01

Ann Catherine Velasco-Umandal, female, Filipino

02/08/99 30/11/01 Field Veterinarians

Sarah I. Jayme, female, Filipino 17/09/01 30/11/01

Joy Masongsong, female, Filipino 06/10/00 30/11/01 Laboratory Assistants Agnes Panotes, female, Filipino 25/01/99 30/11/01

Planning Assistant Arturo Duqueza, male, Filipino 01/03/00 30/11/01

General Service Staff (FAO)

Entry on duty (date) Departure (date) Post No. Post Title

Name, gender and nationality of incumbent Sched. Actual Sched. Actual

FAO General Services Staff

Administrative Assistant

Erlinda G. Bautista, Female, Filipino

1/97 5/12/97 30/11//01

Driver Eduardo H. Bermudez Male, Filipino

12/96 30/11/99 30/11/01

Contractual Personnel

Entry on duty (date) Departure (date)

Sched. Actual Sched. Actual

(Est.) (Est.)

Post Title Name, gender and nationality of incumbent


j

FMD status in the Philippines The existing OIE-recognized FMD Free Zone consists of 23 provinces on Mindanao, physically separated by substantial ocean barriers of the Bohol Sea and Leyte Gulf. These provinces are grouped into a number of administrative regions, namely: Region IX (3 provinces in Western Mindanao): Basilan, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur Region X (4 provinces in Northern Mindanao): Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Oriental and Misamis Occidental Region XI (5 provinces in Southern Mindanao): Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Saranggani and South Cotabato Region XII (3 provinces in Central Mindanao): Lanao del Norte, North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat Region XIII (4 provinces in Caraga): Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur Region ARMM (4 provinces in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao): Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi This proposed extension of the FMD Free Zone is to include the additional 17 island provinces of the Visayas and Palawan, namely: Region VI 6 provinces in Western Visayas of Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Iloilo, Negros Occidental and Guimaras. Region VII 4 provinces in Central Visayas of Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental and Siquijor. Region VIII 6 provinces in Eastern Visayas of Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Southern Leyte, Northern Samar and Western Samar. Region IV 1 province of Palawan. The FMD Surveillance Zone consists of the rest of the country and includes the remaining 37 provinces on the main island of Luzon, island provinces of Regions IV and V and Metro Manila. For local disease control and surveillance purposes, this zone is subdivided into: Buffer Area, where there is no clinical evidence of endemic disease nor regular vaccination activity. The risk of incursions from the Control Area is very low as there are significant sea boundaries and only one land entry point across a narrow isthmus in Southern Quezon province. Because it comprises a significant area and numerous islands, the buffer zone provides adequate protection of the free zone of Visayas, Palawan and Mindanao from the control area in central Luzon. The Buffer Area consists of the 10 provinces of: Region IV 4 island provinces of Mindoro Oriental, Mindoro Occidental, Romblon, Marinduque and the southern (Bontoc) peninsula of Quezon Province. Region V 4 mainland provinces of Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Albay and Sorsogon and 2 island provinces of Masbate and Catanduanes. Protected Area, where there is also no clinical evidence of endemic disease but there is a moderate risk of incursions from the control area because of multiple entry points and occasional tactical vaccination. The Protected Area contains the 17 provinces of: CAR 5 provinces of Abra, Apayao, Kalinga, Ifugao, Mt Province Region I 3 provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union Region II 5 provinces of Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino Region III 2 provinces of Bataan, Zambales Region IV 2 provinces of Aurora, Cavite and the northern spur of Quezon Province.


k

Control Area, where FMD is still present and subject to vigorous control measures. The Control Area contains the National Capital of Manila and the 10 provinces of: CAR 1 province of Benguet Region I 1 province of Pangasinan Region III 4 provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pampanga Region IV 4 provinces of Batangas, Laguna, Rizal and the western part of Quezon NCR the 13 cities comprising Metro Manila Map 1 FMD Zones in the Philippines


l

Figure 1 Organization of Disease Control Activities

DEPARTMENT OF

AGRICULTURE

Bureau of AnimalIndustry

National Meat InspectionCommission

Philippine Animal

Health Center

Animal Health

Division

Disease Investigationand Epidemiology

Immunisation andDisease ControlImmunisation andDisease Control

Quarantine InspectionServices

Regional Agriculture Office

(Regional Director of Agriculture)

Quarantine Operations Regional Animal Disease

Diagnostic Laboratories

PROVINCIALGOVERNMENT(Provincial Governor)

Provincial VeterinaryOfficer

CITY/MUNICIPAL

COUNCIL(City/Municipal Mayor)

City/Municipal Veterinary/

Agricultural Officer

Agricultural TechniciansBARANGAY COUNCIL

(Barangay Captain)

Provincial AgriculturalTechnicians


m

List of in-service training organized by the project since 12/1999 In-Service Training Place/Duration No. of

Participants Started (date) Completed

Rizal MAO Meeting Quezon City (1 day) 20 12/1/00 12/1/00

Batangas Port Authority Meeting

Batangas Port (1 day)

25 29/2/00 29/2/00

FMD Awareness Mendez, Cavite (1 day) 60 2/3/00 2/3/00

PVMA Bulacan Chapter Meeting

Malolos, Bulacan (1 day) 50 3/3/00 3/3/00

Mindanao-wide Quarantine Workshop

Agusan del Sur (1 day) 30 16/3/00 16/3/00

EMPRES & Veterinary Quarantine Services Workshop

Tacloban City, Leyte (2 days)

40 30/5/00 31/5/00

FMD Awareness Quezon City (1 day)

50 7/6/00 7/6/00

Briefing Workshop for Region III Info Officers

Pampanga (1 day) 50 28/6/00 28/6/00

Development of a Public Awareness Workshop

Quezon City (2 days) 14 13/7/00 14/7/00

Development of a Public Awareness Workshop for Region IV Field Personnel

Tagaytay City (2 days) 20 27/7/00 28/7/00

Development of a Public Awareness Workshop for Region VI Field Personnel

Quezon City (2 days) 20 21/8/00 22/8/00

EMPRES Workshop for Region II Field Personnel

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan (2 days)

40 15/8/00 16/8/00

Strategic Planning Workshop for National FMD Task Force Staff

Pampanga (2 days) 15 18/9/00 19/9/00

EMPRES Workshop for Region VII Personnel

Cebu City (1 day) 16 11/10/00 11/10/00


n

Development of a Public Awareness Workshop for Region VII Personnel

Cebu City (2 days) 16 12/10/00 13/10/00

Risk Analysis Workshop Pampanga (2 days) 22 9/11/00 10/11/00

Forum/Seminar on Cleaning & Disinfection

Albay (1 day) 40 29/11/00 29/11/00

1st Public Forum on

Amendments to A.O. 15 re Revised Rules & Regulations re FMD

Cagayan de Oro (1 day) 100 13/2/01 13/2/01

2nd

Public Forum on Amendments to A.O. 15

Cebu City (1 day) 100 13/3/01 13/3/01

EMPRES Workshop for 1st

Batch of Camarines Sur Livestock Inspectors

Camarines Sur (2 days) 35 15/3/01 16/3/01

EMPRES Workshop for 2nd

Batch Camarines Sur & Camarines Norte Livestock Inspectors

Camarines Sur (2 days) 30 27/3/01 28/3/01

3rd

Public Forum on Amendments to A.O. 15

Quezon City (1 day) 100 3/4/01 3/4/01

EMPRES Workshop for Albay Livestock Inspectors & Agricultural Technicians

Albay (2 days) 40 17/4/01 17/4/01


o

STARTED COMPLETED NUMBER OF

PARTICIPANTS IN-SERVICE TRAINING,

STUDY TOUR, WORKSHOPS

PLACE/DURATION

Male Female

Scheduled (Estimate)

Actual Scheduled (Estimate)

Actual

In-Service Trainings (Completed)

For veterinarians, livestock inspectors, training staff

Camarines Sur (2 days)

35 15/03/01 15/03/01 16/03/01 16/03/01

Camarines Norte (2 days)

30 27/03/01 27/03/01 28/03/01 28/03/01

Guinobatan, Albay (2 days)

19 11 17/04/01 17/04/01 18/04/01 18/04/01

Sorsogon (2 days)

31 5 03/04/01 03/04/01 04/04/01 04/04/01

Masbate (2 days)

40 29/05/01 21/05/01 30/05/01 22/05/01

Virac, Catanduanes (2 days)

25 14/06/01 14/06/01 15/06/01 15/06/01

Workshop on Enhancing LGU Capabilities for Animal Disease Preparedness and for Handling Animal Health Emergencies with special emphasis on FMD and BSE

For media practitioners, stakeholders, PVOs/CVOs, LGU, DOH

Ilocos Norte (1 day)

22 17 09/05/01 09/05/01 09/05/01 09/05/01

Ilocos Sur (1 day)

22 12 10/05/01 10/05/01 10/05/01 10/05/01

La Union (1 day)

29 13/06/01 13/06/01 13/06/01 13/06/01

Pangasinan (1 day)

35 14/06/01 14/06/01 14/06/01 14/06/01

Media Advocacy & Communication Planning

Valencia City, Bukidnon (1 day)

27 37 16/07/01 16/07/01 16/07/01 16/07/01

Ozamis City, Misamis Occ. (1 day)

90 30/07/01 30/07/01 30/07/01 30/07/01

Media Advocacy Programme (planning to maintain Mindanao as FMD free)

Batangas City (1 day)

15 9 26/06/01 26/06/01 26/06/01 26/06/01

Calamba, Laguna (1 day)

33 14 04/07/01 04/07/01 04/07/01 04/07/01

Tayabas, Quezon (1 day)

25 14 05/07/01 05/07/01 05/07/01 05/07/01

Media Advocacy Planning Workshop


p

Puerto Princesa, Palawan (1 day)

24 8 09/08/01 09/08/01 09/08/01 09/08/01

Calapan, Oriental Mindoro(1 day)

24 14 26/07/01 26/07/01 26/07/01 26/07/01

Quezon City, Manila (1 day)

22 14 31/07/01 31/07/01 31/07/01 31/07/01

Quezon City, Manila (1 day)

14 15 14/08/01 14/08/01 14/08/01 14/08/01

Advocacy Planning Workshop

For farmers, technicians

Antipolo City (1 day)

33 22 24/04/01 24/04/01 24/04/01 24/04/01

Rodriguez, Rizal (1 day)

30 33 15/08/01 15/08/01 15/08/01 15/08/01

FMD Briefings ("Talakayan")


San Jose, Occ. Mindoro (1 day)

21 9 25/05/01 25/05/01 25/05/01 25/05/01

Odiongan, Romblon (1 day)

21 5 05/06/01 05/06/01 05/06/01 05/06/01

Tagaytay (1 day)

27 16 12/07/01 12/07/01 12/07/01 12/07/01

Boac, Marinduque (1 day)

28 9 23/08/01 23/08/01 23/08/01 23/08/01

FMD Briefings ("Talakayan")

Batangas City (1 day)

41 31 16/07/01 16/07/01 16/07/01 16/07/01 FMD Workshop

Daet, Camarines Norte (1 day)

57 13 11/07/01 11/07/01 11/07/01 11/07/01

Quezon City (1 day)

23 13 24/07/01 24/07/01 24/07/01 24/07/01

FMD Media Forum

Mountain Province (1 day)

37 32 04/01/01 05/04/01 04/04/01 05/04/01

Abra (1 day)

27 22 26/04/01 26/04/01 26/04/01 26/04/01

Baguio (1 day)

37 25 20/06/01 20/06/01 20/06/01 20/06/01

Benguet (1 day)

22 22 21/06/01 21/06/01 21/6/01 21/6/01

Kalinga (1 day)

43 65 17/07/01 18/07/01 17/7/01 18/07/01

Luna, Apayao (1 day)

29 51 20/07/01 20/07/01 20/07/01 20/07/01

FMD Kapihan Forum


q

Banaue, Ifugao (1 day)

45 49 03/08/01 03/08/01 03/08/01 03/08/01

FMD Orientation for Cebu Assn of City & Municipal Information Officers

Cebu City (1 day)

16 15 27/07/01 27/07/01 27/07/01 27/07/01

Negros Oriental (1 day)

19 14 25/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01

Cebu City (1 day)

7 24 27/07/01 27/07/01 27/07/01 27/07/01

FMD Briefing for Information Officers

Dumaguete City (1 day)

24 7 25/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01 Kapihan sa PIA

Tagbilaran, Bohol (1 day)

13 7 06/06/01 06/06/01 06/06/01 06/06/01 Kapihan Forum


27 12 06/06/01 06/06/01 06/06/01 06/06/01

Cebu City (1 day)

12 42 15/06/01 15/06/01 15/06/01 15/06/01

Cebu City (1 day)

77 61 19/06/01 19/06/01 19/06/01 19/06/01

Cebu City (1 day)

51 26 27/06/01 27/06/01 27/06/01 27/06/01

Cebu City (1 day)

35 9 29/06/01 29/06/01 29/06/01 29/06/01

Cebu City (1 day)

24 38 05/07/01 05/07/01 05/07/01 05/07/01

Cebu City (1 day)

22 18 25/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01

FMD Orientation Seminar for MAOS

Dumaguete City (1 day)

28 42 25/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01

Siquijor (2 days)

6 14 21/08/01 21/08/01 21/08/01 21/08/01

Manila (1 day)

30 21 31/08/01 31/08/01 31/08/01 31/08/01

FMD Seminar

Siquijor (1 day)

8 25 25/09/01 25/09/01 25/09/01 25/09/81


Pangasinan (1 day)

39 06/06/01 06/06/01 06/06/01 06/06/01

Calape, Bohol (1 day)

60 07/06/01 07/06/01 07/06/01 07/06/01

Minglanilla, Cebu (1 day)

54 15/06/01 15/06/01 15/06/01 15/06/01

FMD Info Caravan


r

Cebu City (1 day)

38 99 19/06/01 19/06/01 19/06/01 19/06/01

Danao City (1 day)

16 59 27/06/01 27/06/01 27/06/01 27/06/01

Talisay City, Cebu (1 day)

30 14 29/06/01 29/06/01 29/06/01 29/06/01


50 02/08/01 02/08/01 02/08/01 02/08/01

Lapulapu, Cebu (1 day)

60 14/08/01 14/08/01 14/08/01 14/08/01

Surigao Sur/Surigao Norte (2 days)

150 300 23/07/01 23/07/01 25/07/01 25/07/01


s

Study tours/international workshops attended by project staff since 12/1999

Study Tour/International

Workshop Institution/Venue

Project Staff/Gender

Date Started Date Finished

Carolyn C. Canda-Benigno Female

21/2/00 25/2/00 6th

Meeting, OIE Sub-Commission for the Control of FMD in SE Asia

Hanoi, Vietnam (4 days)

Carolyn C. Canda-Benigno, female

8/4/00 16/4/00

Imelda J. Santos Female

Visit to International Livestock Research Institute

Nairobi, Kenya (8 days)


26/4/00 28/4/00 ASEAN Ministers Meeting re FMD

Bandar Seri Begawan (2 days)

30th

Programme for Development Managers (PDM)

Asian Institute of Management (AIM) (20 days)

Georgette C. Dionisio, female

8/5/00 2/6/00

Domingo Caro, male

28/6/00 1/7/00 9th

Annual Conference Asian Mass Media Information & Communication Centre (AMIC)

Singapore (4 days)


27/8/00 1/9/00

Ma. Aileen Alcos, female

Domingo Caro Male

Elaine Llarena Female

(15) other nationals

OIE SEA FMD Campaign Public Awareness Workshop for SE Asia

Bangkok, Thailand (5 days)

Garry Arvesu OIE/SVSV Regional Workshop on Animal Health Info Systems

Hanoi, Vietnam (4 days)

25/9/00 28/9/00


t

Teodoro A. Abilay/Danilo Costa, male

Techno-Study Tour of Vet. Services of Thailand

Bangkok, Thailand (6 days)

21/1/01 27/1/01

Carolyn C. Canda-Benigno, female

Garry Arvesu Male

Elaine Llarena Female

7th

Meeting, OIE Sub-Commission for the Control of FMD in SE Asia

Myanmar (5 days)

26/2/01 2/3/01

FMD Diagnostic Training for Laboratory

Pak Chong, Thailand Ms Agnes Panotes/Ms Joy Masongsong

13/08/01 20/08/01


u

Publications, information materials and other public awareness activities FMD MONITOR OBJECTIVES • Gather news and information for FMD stakeholders • Provide FMD stakeholders in the country with technical and bulletin/feature information SUBSCRIBERS • 1,376 (as of January 8, 2001) from LGUs, private companies, individuals, Regional DA

offices BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Published monthly – news feature and technical bulletin for FMD stakeholders nationwide STATUS • Number of subscribers increasing BALIKATANG BARANGAY NEWSLETTER DATE • 2000 1st Quarter VENUE • Luzon Island OBJECTIVES • News and features bulletin for the SOA graduates • Serve as a link between the SOA graduates PARTICIPANTS • SOA graduates and other private FMD stakeholders BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Primarily for the SOA graduates – suspended due to the lack of addresses of the SOA

graduates PRINT RELEASES Date • January – December 2000 Coverage • Local and National Papers (Regions I, II, IV and CAR) Objective • To disseminate information and create awareness on FMD through print Title and date of press releases • FMD cases found in Baguio-Benguet areas – Baguio Midland Courier, Jan. 21, 2000 • Ways to prevent resurgence of FMD in Cordillera bared – Baguio Midland Courier, Aug.

20, 2000 • Cleaning and Disinfection prevents Foot and Mouth Disease – Zigzag Weekly, Aug. 20,

2000 • 34 cases of FMD noted in 2 brgys – The Baguio Reporter, Oct. 1, 2000 • FMD alert raised by Vets – Sunstar Baguio Daily, Oct. 7, 2000 • FMD-infected pigs seized by vets – Philippine Daily Inquirer, Oct. 7, 2000 • Vet office intercepts swine with FMD – Skyland News, Oct. 8, 2000 • Pigs infected with FMD intercepted – Zigzag Weekly, Oct. 8, 2000 • FMD feared as 4 infected pigs burned – Weekly Tribune, Oct. 8, 2000 • FMD-afflicted swine interception in city – The Baguio Reporter, Oct. 8, 2000 • 22 FMD CAR Cases noted from June to October – Sun Star Baguio, Oct. 11, 2000 • RP Needs FMD-free livestock industry to compete globally – Sunstar Baguio Daily, Oct.

12, 2000 • Only Baguio and Benguet has FMD in Cordi – Zigzag Weekly, Oct. 14, 2000


v

• Awan Ti FMD ditoy Pangasinan – Baguio Regional Diaryo, Oct. 30, 2000 • Agencies sign tripartite agreement to fight foot and mouth disease – Zigzag Weekly, Nov.

26, 2000 • DA group to hold FMD stage play – Baguio Midland Courier, Dec. 24, 2000 * PIA-CAR had a total of eight (8) photo releases from October to December 2, 2000 FMD ADVERTORIAL AND INSERTS IN PRINT DURATION • Feb - March 2000 Published in Phil. Star, Liwayway magazines, Horoscope komiks, Hiwaga komiks OBJECTIVE • To promote FMD awareness among the general public through the use of the print

medium BRIEF DESCRIPTION • FMD advertorial and komik inserts entitled “FMD at Ikaw” were published with the

following key messages: • When travelling, step on the footbath. • Buy meat with the NMIC seal. • Avoid transporting meat products from FMD affected area This activity is in accordance with the existing Memorandum of Agreement with the central office of the Philippine Information Agency. Information Campaign Materials FOOTBATH SIGNAGE FOR NAIA 2 VENUE • NAIA Centennial Terminal II (Manila International Airport) OBJECTIVES • For passengers to be reminded of the presence of footbath in the airport tunnels. MESSAGE • Footbath • FMD Control • Please Watch Your Step PRODUCTION OF TAGALOG FMD RADIO SPOTS OBJECTIVES • Mass production for distribution to the different regions through the RAFID and PIA

offices BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The radio spots were about preventive steps (APO HIKING), stepping on footbaths,

sanitation in the household, avoiding hot meat, cleaning and disinfection of farms and sanitation in the pig pens. Each spot was 60 seconds long.

DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF TRAVELLERS’ BROCHURE OBJECTIVES • Inform the travelling public re AO 15, which placed restriction to protect Mindanao from

FMD • Emphasize animal and animal by-product biosecurity BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The three-fold brochure summarizes some provisions of AO 15 (Rules and Regulations

to Maintain Mindanao as an FMD-Free Zone) including penalties. The brochure was meant for display and distribution in airports, seaports, bus stations and other public conveyance vehicles.


w

STATUS Suspended after the reproduction of 1,000 copies because of pending revision of AO 15 FMD BILLBOARDS IN REGION V • Port of Matnog, Sorsogon • Port of Bulan, Sorsogon • Port of Pilar, Sorsogon • Port of Virac, Catanduanes • Port of Tabaco, Albay • Port of Sangay, Camarines Sur • Port of Pasacao, Camarines Sur • Port of Sagnay, Camarines Sur • National Highway - Sipocot, Camarines Sur • Central Terminal - Naga City • Slaughterhouse - Naga City • National Highway - Polangui, Albay • OPV - Albay • National Highway - Sta. Elena, Camarines Norte • Slaughterhouse - Daet, Camarines Norte • Highway Intersection - Irosin, Sorsogon • OPV - Sorsogon • DA Compound - Pili, Camarines Sur OBJECTIVES • To provide constant exposure of FMD messages through the region through a uniformly

designed billboard BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The FMD billboard with the message: "FMD Free sa Bagong Siglo malapit na!" with the

mascot superpig was replicated as consistency would facilitate better retention of messages

TRANSLATION OF THE KILALANIN ANG FMD BROCHURE INTO CEBUANO (MGA SAGAD NGA PANGUTANA) BRIEF DESCRIPTION • There was a need to translate the material since it was intended for distribution in the

Visayas as well as other Cebuano-speaking provinces of Mindanao. FMD BRIEFING FOLDER OBJECTIVES • For use in media briefing kits (to hold brochures and other materials) BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Folder with information on FMDTF contact numbers and address, with the slogan: FOR AN FMD-FREE PHILIPPINES! REVISION OF THE FMD: Q & A BROCHURE OBJECTIVES • The brochure aims to brief readers on FMD • Frequently asked questions on FMD are answered in this brochure STAKEHOLDERS • Pig raisers/farmers and other FMD stakeholders


x

BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The Project’s previous FMD: Q & A brochure was outdated. The design and text were

modified according to pretesting result of the Visayan FAQ. English, Tagalog and Ilocano versions were designed.

STATUS • The brochure is now known as FAQ. More than 20,000 copies were reproduced and

distributed in Luzon and Eastern Visayas to date. EDITING OF FMD BILLBOARD DESIGN OBJECTIVES • Standardization of the FMD billboard design nationwide BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The standardization of the billboard design was meant to increase stakeholder retention

of the message. The premise was that a traveling public would easily associate the project’s slogan in whatever dialect he might have read it, if the design of the slogan nationwide is the same. The project has so far given 5 design (English, Ilocano, Waray, Bicolano, Ilonggo, Cebuano)

DISTRIBUTION OF INFO MATERIALS IN BATANGAS PORT OBJECTIVE • To promote FMD awareness among the traveling public to help prevent further spread of

the disease especially in the island Provinces of Region IV CIRCULATION • For delivery in 5 participating shipping companies (namely Philippine Fast Ferry

Corporation, Montenegro Shipping Lines, Sikat Ferry Lines, Viva Shipping Lines and Super Diamond Shipping Lines) then further distributed to the travelers bound for the island provinces in Region IV namely Palawan, Marinduque, Mindoro and Romblon.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Public awareness in the Batangas Port in coordination with Aries Arrastre, the company

managing the operation of the Port, is done through distribution of FMD board fans, posters and plugs for showing in the shipping vessels. Aside from info materials, footbaths with appropriate signage were also installed in the port.

More than 50,000 copies of FMD board fans have been distributed in the Port, especially during peak seasons. FMD BROCHURE TRANSLATION IN ILOCANO OBJECTIVE • To translate and distribute Ilocano FMD reading material in the region CIRCULATION • For delivery in the different Provincial Veterinary Offices in the Region for distribution to

the farmers BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The existing information materials produced by the Task Force were translated into

Ilocano for distribution in CAR through the different Provincial Veterinary Office. Initial copies of 50,000 copies were printed and are ready for distribution.

FMD BILLBOARD IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH EXPRESSWAY LOCATION • South Expressway • North Expressway OBJECTIVE • To promote FMD awareness among the general public especially people in transit

through installation of FMD billboards


y

BRIEF DESCRIPTION • FMD Billboards with a banner message “FMD Free sa Bagong Siglo” and with the super

pig as a mascot were installed at the North expressway and at the South expressway. Other Related Activities BROADCAST OF FMD RADIO SPOTS – CEBU LOCAL STATIONS • DYHP-AM (57 airings) • DYMF Bombo Radyo (53 airings) • DYMR (45 airings) OBJECTIVES • Disseminate relevant FMD information through broadcast of NFMDTF-produced radio

spots. BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Each set of FMD radio spot is composed of messages on quarantine, hot meat,

sterilization, procurement of permits, as well as the APO HIKING spot. UNIVERSITY ON THE AIR (UOA) – SWINE RAISING WITH EMPHASIS ON FMD Monday to Friday, 4:30-5:00 a.m. • DYEZ-AM Iloilo City OBJECTIVES • Disseminate relevant FMD information to captured audience of the UOA. PARTICIPANTS • approx. 900-1000 farmers from the provinces of Iloilo, Aklan, Negros Occidental and

Guimaras Island. BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Six lessons from the FMD SOA Manual were translated to the dialect and delivered by

FMD Coordinator Dr Peter Sobrevega. Lessons were about basic information on FMD and the National Programme on FMD.

The UOA culminated in a graduation ceremony held during the Agri-Aqua Trade Fair on 10 March 2000 at PNB Lobby, Iloilo City. FMD RADIO BROADCAST IN BICOL 17 July to 17 October 2000, 10:00-11:30 a.m., Monday to Friday • DWRL Legazpi City OBJECTIVES • To disseminate relevant FMD information and up-dates through the broadcast medium. PARTICIPANTS • Listeners from the different barangays of Legazpi City and some municipalities of Albay. BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The radio programme was coordinated with the RAFID Region V. Lessons were lifted

from the School on the Air manual, while local veterinarians were invited to act as guest speakers.

Aside from FMD, other livestock concerns were discussed due to questions being sent by some listeners. After the broadcasts, a short survey was conducted of which results showed that 82% of those interviewed know what FMD is. FMD FEATURE IN ABS-CBN'S OKIDOKIDOC (national broadcasting agency) 2 September 2000 OBJECTIVES • To feature FMD messages in one of the episodes of the sitcom Okidokidoc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION


z

• Okidokidoc is a sitcom which casts a veterinarian for a lead and has established viewers through a national TV channel.

Since ABS-CBN is a highly commercial entity, the contribution was limited to mere mentioning of simple FMD messages RADIO MESSAGES IN PCARRD PROGRAMMES • Dr Carolyn Canda-Benigno has appeared as guest speaker on radio programmes, and

talked about the status of FMD in the country and other important details. BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Dr Canda-Benigno's topic was FMD: Where are we now? and also included background

information on FMD. Prior to the broadcasts, a script was submitted to the PCARRD. This activity was a response to the invitation of the Livestock Research Division of the PCARRD through their Applied Communication Division. AGRI-AQUA TRADE FAIR REGION III 25 October 2000 VENUE • Astro Park, Angeles City OBJECTIVES • Distribution of information materials on FMD during the Livestock Day. PARTICIPANTS • Approx. 500 guests to the Livestock Day BRIEF DESCRIPTION • 500 copies of the Frequently Asked Questions on FMD Brochure and another 500 copies

of the Cleaning and Disinfection Brochures were distributed to participants and guests of the Trade Fair.

BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY – SCHOOL ON THE AIR (BSU-SOA) 18 Sept. – 2 Oct. 2000 RADIO STATION • Aired over DZWT, MWF 5:30 – 5:45 a.m. Hosted by Mr Silver Kudan (broadcast could

reach Regions I, II and CAR) OBJECTIVE • To inform and educate the farmers on FMD through the use of radio in the locality. PARTICIPANTS • Listeners from Baguio City and Benguet BRIEF DESCRIPTION • A coordinated activity with Cordillera Highland Agricultural Resource Management

Programme (CHARMP) and BSU, the BSU-SOA is tapped as one of the Public Awareness activities in CAR to reach the farmers and teach them on the basic information on FMD and procedures to prevent its spread. (The lessons were patterned after previous School on the Air programmes, but updated and modified to suit the locality.)

FMD BRIEFING AND REGULATORY POLICIES FORUM November 20, 2000 VENUE • Calasiao Livestock market (Calasiao, Pangasinan) OBJECTIVE • To conduct a lecture-forum on FMD in the auction market as an info dissemination

activity and discuss/clarify existing regulations both national and local policies.


aa

PARTICIPANTS • 33 traders, livestock raisers coming from different adjacent municipalities, provinces and

regions BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Dr Ben Perez, Provincial Veterinarian of Pangasinan briefed the audience about the

activity. Reading materials such as brochures and comics were distributed to the participants, videos on FMD and Cleaning and Disinfection were also shown. The activity was coordinated with the Municipal Agriculturist and the staff assigned in the auction market.

CYTG THEATER PRESENTATION: AGRI-AQUA FAIR 2000 LIVESTOCK DAY December 12, 2000 VENUE • Melvin Jones Grandstand, Baguio City OBJECTIVE • To show a role-playing presentation on FMD by the Cordillera Youth Theater Group

(CYTG) as a means of information dissemination for the participants and visitors of the Agri-Aqua Fair 2000 Livestock Day.

PARTICIPANTS • About 70 participants of the Hog and Feeding Management lecture BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The Cordillera Youth Theater Group (CYTG) performed during the Livestock Day

celebration of the DA-CARFU’s Agri-Aqua Fair held at the People’s Park. They were one of the intermission numbers during lecture intervals. (The performance was documented on video for future airing in local cable stations.)

CYTG THEATER PRESENTATION: CULTURAL NIGHT, 1ST NATIONAL COFFEE CONGRESS December 11, 2000 VENUE • Hotel Supreme, Baguio City OBJECTIVE • as above PARTICIPANTS • About 100 participants from different parts of the country BRIEF DESCRIPTION • as above (The performance was documented on video and aired over Sky Cable

Community Channel.) CYTG THEATER PRESENTATION: 3RD ANNUAL FMD RECOGNITION DAY December 18, 2000 VENUE • Hotel Rembrandt, Quezon City OBJECTIVE • as above PARTICIPANTS • About 50 participants BRIEF DESCRIPTION • as above LIVE RADIO INTERVIEWS ON FMD (IN COORDINATION WITH BSU – EXTENSION) 18 Sept. – 16 Oct. 2000 RADIO STATION • Aired over DZEQ, Mondays 11:30 – 12:00 p.m.


bb

OBJECTIVE • To conduct radio live interviews on radio to promote awareness and emphasize

messages to control and totally eradicate FMD in the region PARTICIPANTS • Listeners from Baguio City and Benguet BRIEF DESCRIPTION Live interviews were done to discuss FMD as the main topic. The interviews ran for a month. This activity is in coordination with the BSU-Extension and with CHARMP. FMD INFORMATION CARAVAN IN REGIONS II AND IV DATES AND VENUE Region II (Isabela, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya and Quirino) • July 17 – Faustino L. Dy Coliseum; Cauayan, Isabela • Aug. 14 – Municipal Hall; Ilagan, Isabela • Sept. 26 – Municipal Hall; Claveria, Cagayan • Sept. 27 – Municipal Social Hall; Camalaniugan, Cagayan • Sept. 28 – Municipal Hall; Tugegarao City • Oct. 3 – Municipal Hall; Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya • Oct. 4 – Municipal Hall; Solano, Nueva Vizcaya • Oct. 5 – Provincial Session Hall; Cabarroguis, Quirino • Oct. 6 – Municipal Hall; Madella, Quirino Region IV (Marinduque, Cavite and Aurora) • June 25 – A&A Beach Resort; Boac, Marinduque • August 21 to 22 – Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite • Sept. 21 – Livestock Production Center Reserva, Baler, Aurora OBJECTIVE • To conduct a series of information caravan that would inform and educate backyard

raisers, traders and other stakeholders in controlling and eradicating FMD region-wide and nationwide as well as to seek their support in the FMD Programme

PARTICIPANTS • More than 600 livestock raisers, traders and other stakeholders attended (audience

range from 30 – 90 participants per info caravan) BRIEF DESCRIPTION • A half-day seminar/lecture activity. Videos on the basic information of FMD, cleaning and

disinfection and proper cooking of swill were shown first followed by lectures (usually given by Dr Velasco and a veterinarian staff from the region) on the National Programme of FMD and the Economic Implications of the disease. Questions from the participants were entertained during the forum. Reading materials were also distributed to supplement the information dissemination activity.

AIRING OF FMD TV AND RADIO PLUG (APO HIKING PLUG) March 2000 RADIO STATION • Aired over 6 TV stations (Channels 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13) • Sky cable stations and 200 theaters nationwide OBJECTIVE • To promote FMD awareness among the general public through the use of the broadcast

medium (TV and radio) BRIEF DESCRIPTION


cc

• An FMD infomercial was produced. The Apo Hiking Society advocates to promote the control and total eradication of FMD in the country. The following are the key messages of the said plug: • When travelling, step on the footbath. • Buy meat with the NMIC seal. • Regularly clean and disinfect • Cook swill properly

This activity is in accordance with the existing Memorandum of Agreement with the central office of the Philippine Information Agency. PIA KAPIHAN FORUM: KAPIHAN SA ABRA October 26, 2000 VENUE • Provincial Capitol, Bangued, Abra OBJECTIVES • To conduct a talakayan type of forum for the local media practitioners and other livestock

stakeholders in Abra. • To discuss on basic information on FMD as well as clarify and tackle issues regarding the

disease. PARTICIPANTS • 53 from school paper representatives, LGU representatives and local media BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The initial Kapihan forum coordinated by PIA-CAR with the assistance from their

Provincial Information Center in Abra was held. Mr Diosdado Z. Cariño, Provincial Administrator gave the opening remarks. In his speech he encouraged the people to go into hog raising (especially because the Province is FMD free) as a potential income-generating activity to improve the livelihood of the people. After the opening remarks, Dr Carolyn Canda-Benigno gave a brief overview on FMD, then Ms Ma. Teresa B. Beñas, PIA-CAR Provincial Information Center Officer, introduced the participants, which consisted of local media including school paper representatives, LGU representatives as well as livestock raisers in the province. Aside from Dr Canda-Benigno, other guest panelists were Dr Brenda Lee Daoey (FMD Regional Coordinator for CAR), Dr Carmelo V. Crisologo (Abra Provincial Veterinarian). Local, regional and international issues and concerns regarding FMD were discussed and raised during the forum. “FMD Kapihan sa Abra” was documented on video for cable station airing. The activity started at 9:30 a.m. until 11 a.m.

PIA KAPIHAN FORUM: KAPIHAN SA BENGUET October 10, 2000 VENUE • Kalapaw Restaurant, Baguio City OBJECTIVES • To conduct a talakayan type of forum for the local media practitioners of Baguio-Benguet. • To discuss on basic information on FMD as well as clarify and tackle issues regarding the

disease. PARTICIPANTS • 42 from the local media and government information officers BRIEF DESCRIPTION • similar to above “Kapihan sa Benguet” was aired on a delay broadcast in the local radio

and TV station with replays in the Province. TV APPEARANCE: “PAG-USAPAN NATIN” October 9, 2000


dd

VENUE • Baguio City OBJECTIVE • To conduct a TV guesting/programme with FMD as the main topic as part of the MOA

with PIA-CAR in the Foot and Mouth Disease Communication and Advocacy Programme • To disseminate information and further reach the mass public to create awareness on

FMD in the locality. AUDIENCE • 50,000 household cable subscribers in Baguio City and La Trinidad, Benguet BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Dr Carolyn Canda-Benigno, head of the National FMD Task Force, together with Dr

Silardo Bested, representative from Baguio City Veterinary Office, and Dr Miriam Tiongan, representative from Benguet Provincial Veterinary Office, were the guests in Sky Cable’s TV Programme “Pag-usapan Natin”. The said programme is shown live every Monday 7-8 p.m. (with replays on Thursdays) on channel 12, hosted by Ms Hiyasmin Bardillas and Mr Francis Martin, PIA-CAR Information Officers. In the programme, basic information on FMD and disease situation was discussed as well as other FMD issues in the local, regional and international scenario. Phoned-in questions were also entertained during the programme.

RADIO APPEARANCE: LIVE TONGTONGAN October 26, 2000 VENUE • Bangued, Abra OBJECTIVE • To conduct a radio guesting with FMD as the main topic as part of the MOA with PIA-

CAR in the Foot and Mouth Disease Communication and Advocacy Programme • To disseminate information and further reach the mass public to create awareness on

FMD in the locality. AUDIENCE • Listeners from Abra, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Apayao and Isabela BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Dr Carolyn Canda-Benigno, head of the National FMD Task Force, guested in a radio

programme hosted by Ms Merla Ruiz aired over DZPA. A Q&A format was used during the interview. Basic information on FMD including ways to prevent the disease as well as other issues were discussed. (Aired over DZPA-AM, 12:30-1 p.m.)

FMD BRIEFING AND REGULATORY POLICIES FORUM November 13, 2000 VENUE • Sta. Barbara Livestock market, Sta. Barbara, Pangasinan OBJECTIVE • To conduct a lecture-forum on FMD in the auction market as an info dissemination

activity and discuss/clarify existing regulations both national and local policies. PARTICIPANTS • 59 traders, livestock raisers coming from different adjacent municipalities, provinces and

regions BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Dr Carolyn Canda-Benigno briefed the audience on basic information on FMD and

guidelines to follow in shipping animals to other regions. Reading materials such as brochures and comics were distributed to the participants, videos on FMD and Cleaning and Disinfection were also shown.


ee

HEALTH FORUM: A MEDIA FORUM ON FMD “The Meat That We Eat” 24 July 2001, 9 a.m. VENUE • Annabel’s Restaurant, Tomas Morato Ave., Quezon City OBJECTIVES • To tap media practitioners in the National Capital Region (NCR) in conveying proper

information on FMD as well as to clarify other related issues PARTICIPANTS • 30 participants composed of media practitioners both in print and broadcast BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The forum is a tie-up activity with PIA-NCR. It is a weekly forum every Tuesday

sponsored by The Philippine College of Physicians and Mirror Magazine. It specifically tackles on issues on Health and for the week’s discussion it focused on FMD, livestock and meat related concerns. Resource persons were Under Secretary Ceasar M. Drilon Jr. (Usec for Livestock), Dr Carolyn Canda-Benigno (Head - National FMD Task Force) and Dr Efren Nuestro (Executive Director – National Meat Inspection Commission). Dr Canda-Benigno gave a briefing on what is FMD, its symptoms, mode of transmission and other basic information regarding the disease as well as the national programme and disease situation. She also mentioned FMD updates specifically the international declaration of Mindanao as FMD free and emphasized the economic implications of FMD being a trade barrier. Media practitioners were able to ask questions on FMD and other related issues to the panelists.

PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION OF FMD PERYODIKIT (as per MOA with PIA-NCR and PIA Region I) NUMBER OF TYPES, DATE AND NUMBER OF ISSUES PER TYPE PIA-NCR PIA Region I (1 type only) (2 types for farmers and gen. public) 1st issue – July 24, 2001 1st issue – April 27, 2001 2nd issue – Oct. 12, 2001 2nd issue – June 28, 2001 POSTER POINTS PIA-NCR • Two hundred copies of each issue were distributed and strategically posted in slaughter

houses, wet markets, City halls, and offices of the different line agencies like DECS, DOH, DILG, etc. throughout Metro Manila

PIA Region I • Two hundred copies of each issue per type were distributed and strategically posted in

the different Provincial Capitols, public markets, bus terminals, waiting sheds, PIA Provincial information centers and other public offices.

OBJECTIVES • To heighten the awareness of Foot and Mouth Disease among the general public,

traveling public and animal raisers as well as provide updated information regarding the disease in the intended areas.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION • FMD Peryodikit is a wall newspaper (with a usual size of 3 x 4 ft) wherein FMD

information as well as news, updates are largely printed and are posted strategically in public areas. An advantage of the medium is that it could be read by a number of readers simultaneously and may initiate discussion.

PRODUCTION AND PRINTING OF ILOKANO BROADCASTER’ S MANULA (with Tagalog translation)


ff

OBJECTIVES • To provide an FMD information support material that can be used by local broadcast

media practitioners using the Ilocano dialect in dissemination information. DISTRIBUTION SCHEME • Two hundred copies of the manuals were distributed region-wide in the different local

radio stations in Region I specifically for the farm casters, radio announcers/programme hosts as well as participants in the media advocacy seminar-workshop. File copies were also given to the National FMD Task Force.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION • The manual includes basic information on FMD, symptoms, mode of transmission as well

as ways to control and prevent the spread of the disease. It was written in radio broadcast format using the Ilocano dialect with Tagalog translation.

PRODUCTION AND AIRING OF FMD RADIO PLUG IN ILOCANO 2nd Quarter 2001 VENUE (Radio Stations) • Baguio: DZEQ Tuguegarao: DWPE • Laoag: DWFB Dagupan: DZMQ • Tabuk: DZRK Tayug: DWRS • Bontoc: DWFR La Union: DZAG (Agoo) OBJECTIVES • To increase FMD public awareness through the local broadcast medium. PARTICIPANTS • Listeners from Regions I, II and CAR where majority of the population understands the

Ilocano dialect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION • Core messages of the radio plug include immediate reporting of FMD suspected case,

regular cleaning and disinfection and to follow shipment procedures when transporting animals and its products. The production and airing of the Ilocano radio plug is part of the MOA with PIA Region I. PIA was responsible for the production as well as the coordination of the airing of the plug.


gg

Inventory/list od equipment purchased

Quantity Description of item(s) (Make, Model, SN, etc.) Date of

Purchase Head Office

1 Computer, personal, “ABM Pentium III-500 with Color monitor, SN 909134839

20/12/99

1 Stunner 710, “Cash Special”, 22 SN 18029 9/2/00

1 Computer, personal, “Dell Optiplex” with color monitor, SN TW8HV 3304TCOD3449

23/2/00

1 Computer, personal, “Pentium III-450” with color monitor, SN 004050L00300713A

3/3/00

1 Computer, notebook, “Twinhead Slimnote VX3” with color monitor

28/3/00

1 Airconditioning unit, “Carrier”, Model 42AR024, floor mounted

22/5/00

1 TV, “Sony”, model KV-XF21N90/2 8/12/00

1 VHS player, “Sony”, model SLV-GF85 8/12/00

1 Computer, notebook, “Toshiba Portege 3440T”, SN 90017879

15/12/00

1 Computer, personal, “Intel Pentium IV”, SN ECSZ 001120, with color monitor “AOC”

17/4/01

1 Laminating machine, “Lamipacker”, model LPD3206 City, SN 205325

26/4/01

1 Camera, “Canon” Super 105 with date, SN 1117245 1/2/99

1 Projector, conference, “InFocus Model LP400” SN 3GW91100356

28/5/99

1 Facsimile machine, “Canon B150”, SN AWZ21975, bubble jet, plain paper

11/10/99

BAI-FMD Laboratory

1 Multi-reagent washer 21/1/99

1 Microwave oven, “Whirlpool”, AVM 210 model 14/4/99

1 Hot plate stirrer, Cole Parmer 8/6/99

2 Power sprayers, TRX brand 5/11/9 & 26/10/99


hh

11 Power sprayers, TRX brand Various dates in 1999

1 TV, “Sony”, SN 103058 31/1/00

1 VHS, “Sony” player, SN 103209 31/1/00

1 Audio system, “Promac”, SN 133313

16/2/00

1 Facsimile machine, “Panasonic” SN 9HAH-B698943 6/4/00

1 Jeep, locally assembled owner-type, “Toyota”, 2000 model, diesel

14/08/00

1 Power sprayer, “Olympia”, 4.2 HP 30/11/00

Other DA-FMD Field Offices

1 Computer, personal, “Pentium II 350 MMX with color Monitor, SN 84102DL00A21690A

20/4/99

1 Printer, deskjet, “HP” Model 895C, SN SG9151V19R 20/4/99

5 Facsimile machines, various brands Various dates in 1999

22 Jeeps, locally assembled Various dates in 1999

11 Power sprayers, TRX brand Various dates in 1999

evaluation of control of foot and mouth disease in the ...€¦ · control of foot and mouth...

Documents