evaluation of products for the suppression of citrus...

Evaluation of products for the suppression of citrus canker on Valencia and Grapefruit

Purpose:

Test products

Purpose:

Not timing trials

Approach

Reduce or substitute copper compounds in an integrated

management program Why: lots of issues with copper

use

product selection criteria basically any product that claims

activity -IR-4 program

-Other Researchers -My non-citrus trials - Grower interest

- Agrichemical companies (I am not presenting greenhouse trials that I am also

running)

Field testing

Ideal experimental design •Randomonized block •Small plot •Uniform plant stand •Uniform inoculum source •Standardized treatment application

2011 Canker Field Plots

R6 R8 R10 R12 R14 R16

Skip 4 Skip 11 Skip 4 Skip 12 Skip 34 Skip 21 1 Black + White Checker

15 11 8 10 15 14 2 Orange

13 Skip 3 4 Skip 2 3 9 3 Red

14 7 6 3 10 Skip 2 4 Blue

6 3 2 Skip 1 7 13 5 Black + White Stripe

1 14 Skip 4 8 11 12 6 Yellow

4 10 12 4 14 1 7 Black + Blue Stripe

12 7 15 Skip 1 13 6 8 Lime Green

2 8 9 5 9 4 9 White

5 11 1 2 5 10 Pink

3 9 5 12 Skip 3 11 White + Blue Dot

13 6 2 12 Black + Red Stripe

10 15

Dead

Tree 13 Black + Yellow Stripe

Skip 2 7

8 14 Green

Citrus canker on grapefruit, April 20, 2011 caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

Plot

Tree Tree Tree

Plot

Plot

Plot

Plot

Tree Tree Tree

Citrus Canker Disease Progress 2010

Disease progress 2009

Hits

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Hits May Hits June Hits Aug Hits Sep

Control

Admire

Adm/Koc

Oil

Oil/Koc

Act/Koc/K

Kpht/Koc

Maury

Omg/Koc

KeyPlex

Byotrol

Sere/Koc

Cit/Koc

Koc 3000

Insect

AUDPC

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

3-D Column 1

Citrus Canker, October 2009

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Fruit

23 October 08 Treatment Product

1 Untreated control

2 Admire alone Did on 5th treatment last year

3 Admire Did on 5th treatment last year Kocide 3000

4 oil 435

5 oil 435 Kocide 3000

6 Actigard Kocide 3000

7 K-Phite

Kocide 3000

8 Maury boyd trtr

9 Omega-Plus Kocide 3000

10 Key Plex

11 Byotrol

12 Serenade

Kocide 3000@1lb/A

13 CITREX

alt Kocide 30000

14 Kocide 3000

15 Zoro

15 Spintor

15 Micromite

15 oil 435

Admire went out on second treatment 4/24/08

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Fruit

Summary of Hits 2007

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Hits Nov

Trt Product

1 Untreated control

2 Admire alone

3 Admire + Kocide 3000

4 Citrus oil 435

5 Citrus oil 435 + Kocide 3000

6 Actigard + Kocide 3000 plus 3 apps of

Kasumin

7 K-Phite alt. Kocide 3000 @2.5 lb/A

8 Magna Bon

9 Omega-Plus Alternated Kocide 3000

10 Key Plex

11 Agriphage plus dried skim milk

12 Serenade plus

Kocide 3000@ 2.5 lb/A

13 CITREX

alt Kocide 30000 @ 2.5 lb/A

14 Kocide 3000 @2.5 lb/A

a

b b

e e e e e e

cd

de cd

bcd cd

Conclusions

• Copper

• Oldest pesticide (Bordeaux mixture) • Copper fungicides can be described as insoluble compounds,

yet their action as fungicides and bactericides is due to the release of small quantities of copper (Cu++) ions when in contact with water. Bordeaux mixes are preparations of copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime), working in much the same way as the newer copper fungicides, which are effective at lower rates of application.

http://web.pppmb.cals.cornell.edu/resourceguide/mfs/06copper.php

Copper

• Mode of action • The copper ions are passively absorbed by fungi and

bacteria cells during growth and accumulate until their concentration becomes lethal for cells.

• How it works: • Following absorption into the fungus or bacterium, the copper

ions will link to various chemical groups (imidazoles, phosphates, sulfhydryls, hydroxyls) present in many proteins and disrupt the function of these proteins. Thus, the mode-of-action of copper hydroxide (or any other copper fungicide) is the nonspecific denaturation (disruption) of cellular proteins.

• For best results copper must be reapplied as plants grow to maintain coverage and prevent disease establishment.

• http://web.pppmb.cals.cornell.edu/resourceguide/mfs/06copper.php

After more than 200 years all we have is copper?

Depends upon what you want..

Rate/A 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 grapefruit

1 Untreated x x x x x 42 ab 5.5 bc 2759 ab 1735 bc 42 ab

2 Kocide 3000 2.5 lb x (2.68 lb) x x x x 49.5 ab 0.7 e 1427 b 562 d 17 c

3 Admire 32 fl oz 32 fl oz 32 fl/oz x (5.5 ml/tree) 0 19.8 b 0.8 e 1938 ab

4 Admire x x x 0 8.8 b 0.5 e 1590 b

and Kocide 2.5 lb/A

5 Kphite 6 pt/A x 0 0 0 17.3 b

6 Kphite 6 pt/A 0 x x x 5.1 c 1397 b 614 cd

and Kocide 1.75 lb/A x 2.5 1.75 lb/A

7 Serenade max 1 lb/A 2 lb 1 lb x x 27 ab 1.6 de 1538 b 574 d

and kocide 1.75 lb/A 2.5

and biotune 2007

8 Keyplex x x 8.1 b 2195 ab

9 Actigard 0 x x 0 5.1 c 1454 b

and Kocide

sub Kasumin

10 Actigard x 0 0 0 26 ab

and Kocide

11 Maury Boyd * 0 0 x x x (mix) 3217 a 3391 a 34 ab

12 Agriphage + skim milk x x 0 0 11.3 b 3.7 cd

13 Zoro combo 0 0 x 0

14 Citrex 0 x x 0 0.8 e 1517 b

alt kocide

15 Omega 5% 0 x x 0 0.4 e 1550 b

alt kocide 2.5 lb

16 Actinovate 6 0z/A x x 606 d 16.2 c

plus kocide 1.25

17 citrus oil 435 0 x x 0 18.3 a 3228 a

18 citrus oil 435 0.2 e 2551 ab

and Kocide 0 x x 0

19 Regalia 0.50% x 1073 bcd

Kocide 3000 1.65

Kinetic 8 oz/100 gal


Kocide 3000 1.65


21 sonota 2 qt/A x 947 bcd 912.4

Kocide 3000 1.75 lb/A

22 sonota 2 qt/A x 607 d


Serenade max 1 lb/A

x= treatment

o= no treatment

23 Citruex plus/alt kocide 3000 2007 2008 0.8 e 1517 b

24 byotrol 2008 3140 a

25 zoro 2008 2459 ab

spintor

micromite

citrus oil

26 magnabon 2.5 gal 2007 3.7 cd

27 Agrimek plus citrus oil

28 Arigmek plus citrus oil plus kocide

29 phosphite

30 phyton 2006 25.5 a

31 Actinovate plus omega plujs 2006 53 ab

32 kasumin 2006 46.3 ab

6 Qxidate 1/200 v/v (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Kocide 3000 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

1 % 435 oil (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

7 Qxidate 1/400 v/v (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Kocide 3000 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Serenade Max 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

1 % 435 oil (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

8 Salicylic Acid 1pt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Phosmax SF 51 2 qt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Rate/A 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 grapefruit

1 Untreated x x x x x 42 ab 5.5 bc 2759 ab 1735 bc 42 ab

2 Kocide 3000 2.5 lb x (2.68 lb) x x x x 49.5 ab 0.7 e 1427 b 562 d 17 c

3 Admire 32 fl oz 32 fl oz 32 fl/oz x (5.5 ml/tree) 0 19.8 b 0.8 e 1938 ab

4 Admire x x x 0 8.8 b 0.5 e 1590 b

and Kocide 2.5 lb/A

5 Kphite 6 pt/A x 0 0 0 17.3 b

6 Kphite 6 pt/A 0 x x x 5.1 c 1397 b 614 cd


7 Serenade max 1 lb/A 2 lb 1 lb x x 27 ab 1.6 de 1538 b 574 d


and biotune 2007

8 Keyplex x x 8.1 b 2195 ab

9 Actigard 0 x x 0 5.1 c 1454 b

and Kocide

sub Kasumin

10 Actigard x 0 0 0 26 ab

and Kocide

11 Maury Boyd * 0 0 x x x (mix) 3217 a 3391 a 34 ab

12 Agriphage + skim milk x x 0 0 11.3 b 3.7 cd


14 Citrex 0 x x 0 0.8 e 1517 b

alt kocide

15 Omega 5% 0 x x 0 0.4 e 1550 b

alt kocide 2.5 lb

16 Actinovate 6 0z/A x x 606 d 16.2 c

plus kocide 1.25

17 citrus oil 435 0 x x 0 18.3 a 3228 a

18 citrus oil 435 0.2 e 2551 ab

and Kocide 0 x x 0


Kocide 3000 1.65



Kocide 3000 1.65


21 sonota 2 qt/A x 947 bcd 912.4


22 sonota 2 qt/A x 607 d


Serenade max 1 lb/A

x= treatment

o= no treatment

23 Citruex plus/alt kocide 3000 2007 2008 0.8 e 1517 b

24 byotrol 2008 3140 a

25 zoro 2008 2459 ab

spintor

micromite

citrus oil

26 magnabon 2.5 gal 2007 3.7 cd



29 phosphite

30 phyton 2006 25.5 a

31 Actinovate plus omega plujs 2006 53 ab

32 kasumin 2006 46.3 ab

6 Qxidate 1/200 v/v (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Kocide 3000 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

1 % 435 oil (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

7 Qxidate 1/400 v/v (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Kocide 3000 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Serenade Max 1 lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

1 % 435 oil (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

8 Salicylic Acid 1pt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Phosmax SF 51 2 qt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Rate/A 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1 Untreated x x x x x

2 Kocide 3000 2.5 lb x (2.68 lb) x x x x

3 Admire 32 fl oz 32 fl oz 32 fl/ozx (5.5 ml/tree) 0

4 Admire x x x 0

and Kocide 2.5 lb/A

5 Kphite 6 pt/A x 0 0 0

6 Kphite 6 pt/A 0 x x x


7 Serenade max 1 lb/A 2 lb 1 lb x x


and biotune 2007

8 Keyplex x x

9 Actigard 0 x x 0

and Kocide

sub Kasumin

10 Actigard x 0 0 0

and Kocide

11 Maury Boyd * 0 0 x x x (mix)

12 Agriphage + skim milk x x 0 0


14 Citrex 0 x x 0

alt kocide

15 Omega 5% 0 x x 0

alt kocide 2.5 lb

16 Actinovate 6 0z/A x x

plus kocide 1.25

17 citrus oil 435 0 x x 0

18 citrus oil 435

and Kocide 0 x x 0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 grapefruit

42 ab 5.5 bc 2759 ab 1735 bc 42 ab

49.5 ab 0.7 e 1427 b 562 d 17 c

19.8 b 0.8 e 1938 ab

8.8 b 0.5 e 1590 b

17.3 b

5.1 c 1397 b 614 cd

27 ab 1.6 de 1538 b 574 d

8.1 b 2195 ab

5.1 c 1454 b

26 ab

3217 a 3391 a 34 ab

11.3 b 3.7 cd

0.8 e 1517 b

0.4 e 1550 b

606 d 16.2 c

18.3 a 3228 a

0.2 e 2551 ab

1073 bcd

878 bcd

947 bcd 912.4

23 Citruex plus/alt kocide 3000 2007 2008

24 byotrol 2008

25 zoro 2008

spintor

micromite

citrus oil

26 magnabon 2.5 gal 2007



29 phosphite

30 phyton 2006

31 Actinovate plus omega plujs 2006

32 kasumin 2006

6Qxidate 1/200 v/v

(1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Kocide 3000 1 lb/A

(1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

1 % 435 oil (1,2,3,

4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

7 Qxidate 1/400 v/v

(1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Kocide 3000 1 lb/A

(1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

Serenade Max 1

lb/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8, 9)

1 % 435 oil (1,2,3,

4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

8

Salicylic Acid

1pt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8, 9)

Phosmax SF 51 2

qt/A (1,2,3, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8, 9)

Results of repeated field trials

b

Results of repeated field trials

IFAS Recommendation Dewdney and Graham, 2011 0.5 to 1.0 metallic copper in spring and more than 1 lb metallic copper in the rainy season at 3-week intervals

Kocide 3000 copper hydroxide • Recommended rate 1.0-2.5 lb at 14- to 21-

day intervals • Metallic copper equivalent is 30% • 1 lb = 0.3 lb copper equivalent • 1.75 lb = 0.525 lb copper equivalent • 2.5 lb = 0.75 lb copper equivalent • Why Kocide 3000? It was just arriving on

the market and DuPont donated it. And I had worked with on vegetables and had expectations of its performance

Actigard Kasumin Keyplex

Oil and Copper Citrex

Admire Serenade

Actinovate Kphite

Regalia Agriphage

In my trial, some of these products could be alternated or combined with 0.5 lb metallic copper or less and still achieve the

same level of control statistically

http://swfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/plant_path/publications/

Systemic Acquired Resistance

In my non-citrus trials, with probably 50+ replications now, I

know that if I have Actigard in the program, that program will be the

best in terms of less disease severity

Your left Your right

• Data on products claiming to have efficacy on citrus canker

• Canker control is not a stand alone program – CBS, melanose, greasy spot, HLB

• Lots of reasons to use/not use copper • Valencia vs Grapefruit

Valencia vs Grapefruit

• Completely different as we know • Canker on Valenica ‘takes off’ during rainy

season • First fruit lesions in my trials observed in

June • Grapefruit already has canker on fruit • Follow IFAS recommendations regarding

timing

Next

• Taking products with promise and starting to integrate into timing programs

• Low volume and early season applications • More product testing • More varieties

Many thanks to

Pathology lab members

David Ballesteros Chad Grannis Rod Sytsma

Dr. Ryan Donahoo Jake Collins

Many thanks to Entomology lab members

Robert Reifer Barry Kostyk

Dr. Jawwad Qureshi Phil Stansly

Grower cooperator

Companies that partially supported these studies with

product or grant

http://swfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/plant_path/publications/

evaluation of products for the suppression of citrus...

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