E1263VOL. 6

People's Republic of China

World Bank Financed Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway

Evaluation Report onCultural Relic Resource

Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic Administrative

Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic & Archeology

Research Institute

October 20 2005

Entity in Charge: Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic Administrative

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People's Republic of China

World Bank Financed Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway

Evaluation Report onCultural Relic Resource

Jiangxi ProvincialCultural .Rlic Administrative

Jiangxi Provincia iitural Ric & Archeology

Researtitute

October 20 2005

Entity in Charge: Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic Administrative

Prepared by: Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic & Archeology

Research Institute

Name of Project: Third Jiangxi Highway Project (Ruijin-Ganzhou

Expressway)

Person in Charge: Wang Shanghai

Participants: Yan Zhenghong, Lai Zhulong, Zhaoyao

Add: No.99 Xinzhou Rd., Nanchang City

Post Code: 330008

Tel: 0791-6595094 0791 -6592823

Fax: 0791-6595857

Assistants: Museum of Ganzhou City, Cultural Relic

Administrative of Ruijin City, Museum of

Huichang County, Museum of Yudu County,

Museum of Gan County

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(C7"iite"ts

1. Description of Ruijin to Ganzhou Expressway (RGE)

2. Necessity of Cultural Relic Resource Evaluation

3. Cultural Relic Distribution along the Alignment

4. Conclusions and Suggestions

Attached Table: List of Cultural Relics along Alignment of RGE in Feasibility Study Stage

Figure 1 Distribution of Key Cultural Relics along Alignment of Ruijin-GanzhouExpressway (RGE) in preliminary design

Figure 2 Distribution of Key Cultural Relics along Alignment of Ruijin-GanzhouExpressway (RGE) in preliminary design

Figure 3 Distribution of Key Cultural Relics along Alignment of Ruijin-GanzhouExpressway (RGE) in preliminary design

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People's Republic of ChinaWorld Bank Financed Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway

1. Description of Ruijin to Ganzhou Expressway (RGE)

The national expressway network includes 7 expressways with Beijing being the

starting point in a radiating manner, 9 longitudinal expressways from north to south

and 18 vertical expressways from east to west, it can be called "7918 network" for

short. Xiamen-Chengdu Expressway (Xiacheng Expressway), one of the longitudinal

one among "7918 network", originates in Xiamen of Fujian Province, via Longyan of

Fujian Province, Ruijin City and Ganzbou City of Jiangxi Province, Chenzhou of

Hunan Province, Guilin of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guiyang of

Guizhou Province, and terminates in Chengdu of Suichuan Province with a total

length of 2631km. It links the developed Eastern China area with the rapidly

developing mid China area and widely developing Western China area. The

construction of the said expressway will be of significance in implementing the

strategy of widely developing Western China, promoting the formation of expressway

networks in Jiangxi Province and even China speeding the regional economic

development along the project, accelerating the exploitation of tourism along the

project and advancing the process of developing the Eastern, mid and Western China

economically as a whole.

The proposed project, one section of Xiacheng expressway in Jiangxi, is one part of

the fourth vertical expressway among the skeleton highway network formed by "three

longitudinal and four vertical highways" in Jiangxi. The proposed project, 117km in

total length, starts at Yushishan of Ruijin City where it connects with the end point of

Ailing-Ruijin Expressway, via Huichang, Yudu, Gan and ends Zhanggong District of

Ganzhou City where it connects with the starting point (Huangjin Interchange) of

West Ganzhou Expressway (also one section of Xiacheng Expressway).

The construction of the project is the need of building up the national expressway

network and the skeleton highway network of Jiangxi Province, implementing the

wide development of Western China, promoting the regional economic development,

economic growth of Jiangxi Province, developing rapidly the tourism, improving the

out-trip condition, adapting to the rapid increase of traffic volume, enhancing the

military capacity of highway to promote the unification of China.

In general, the project plays an important role in both formation of expressway

network and being significant in terms of politics, economy and military and etc.

2. Necessity of Cultural Relic Resource Evaluation

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According to 29th clause of Cultural Relic Protection Law of P. R. China: Whenconstructing large scale infrastructure works, the construction unit must report inadvance to Cultural Relic Administrative Department at Provincial level to organizeArcheology Unit to carry out investigation and exploration in the places of possiblyburied cultural relics in the project scope; and 3 1 s clause: The cost needed to conductarcheological investigation, exploration and digging for the construction ofinfrastructure and production will be listed in the work budget of the project. Withfurther rapid construction of infrastructure in China, State Council issued NoticeRegarding to Strengthening and Improving Cultural Relic Protection Work in 1997 inorder to protect the valued historical cultural relics of China nationality remaining forthousand years, it stressed that archeological digging should be in harmony with theconstruction of infrastructure, especially providing better service of the archeologicalexploration, investigation and digging for the construction of the large scale capitalinfrastructure. Jiangxi Provincial People's Government issued accordingly OpinionRegarding to Further Strengthening Cultural Relic Protection in 2002. It stressed thatit was important to insist on the principle of both favoring the economic constructionand improvement of people's living of standard and favoring the cultural relicprotection in order to avoid the construction activities at the cost of loss of culturalrelics.

Nowadays, much attention has been paid to the cultural relic resource evaluationsystem, and cultural relic resource evaluation report is one component of thepreliminary design of the large-scale infrastructure project. The cultural relicprotection mainly consisted of archeological exploration and digging penetrates thewhole process of the large-scale infrastructure construction. The precious historicalcultural heritage are saved in time and preserved well during the construction ofinfrastructure. It shows the stronger awareness of protecting the cultural relics and theembodiment of governing a nation legally.

3. Cultural Relic Distribution along the Alignment

The project area is wholly in Ganzhou City. There are 4 cultural relic protection units(18 spots) at the national level, 2 national forest parks, 9 landscape resorts atprovincial level and 49 cultural relic protection units at provincial level in GanzhouCity. Ganzhou city is a unique city featured by city wall of Song Dynasty, it is reputedas a Museum of Song Dynasty with most cultural relics of Song Dynastyquantitatively and qualitatively among cities in China. Ganzhou City also has colorfulHakka culture and is the place where many Hakka live. Up to now Ganzhou City isthe largest city holding many Hakka in Hakka-gathering areas. Ganzhou City is richin tourism on Red Army, and was a central revolutionary base during the second civilrevolutionary war and the seat of Temporary Central Government of China's Soviet.The famous Long March started from Ganzhou City.

3.1 Ruijin City

The city is situated in the southwest part of Wuyi Mountains, the main branch of Wuyi

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Mountains penetrates through the city. It is mainly covered with low mountains andhills, only in the center of the city, low mountains, hillocks and basins are staggeredeach other on the banks of Mianshui River and Meijiang River. Mianshui river has thedominant place in the region, its branch rivers include Ridonghe River, HuangshaheRiver and Rentian River with the Ridonghe River being the origin of the GanjiangRiver.

There are many revolutionary sites distributing at Yeping, Shazhouba and YunshishanMountain and etc. There are more than 10 key cultural relic protection sites such asthe old sites of Temporary Central Government of China's Soviet, RevolutionaryMilitary Committee and old residential house of Mr. Mao Cedong and etc. In Dabai isthe site of Guanshan Triumph; in Wuyang and Yunshishan Mountain are the famous1 " bridge and I" mountain of Long March.

After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Ruijin City near theproposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is asfollows:

1) Mao Tangshang Tomb: It was built in Qing Dynasty, 1.5km southeast away fromTianxin Village of Yunshishan Town. Mao Tangshang (?-1744), styled Zhiqin,was from Ruijin and ranked as an officer of Military Department during Qianrongperiod of Qing Dynasty. Facing the north, it was built with bricks and stones with0.6m high top earth and 3m in diameter. There inlayed a green headstone in thecenter of the tomb front, saying a tomb of Mao Tangshang, styled Zhiqin, anofficer of Military Department buried in 9th year of Qianrong Period of QingDynasty.

2) Dongshan Temple: It was built in Ming Dynasty, 1.5km northeast away fromBangkeng Village of Yunshi Town. It was initially built in 24th year of WanliPeriod (in 1596); after that it was destroyed and built several times; it was repairedin 1981. Facing the south, the temple is a two-floor building with 5 rooms in total.It was built with bricks and wood. On the top of the gate hangs a board with 5Chinese characters of "Dong Xiang Gu Sha" on it. On the right side of the Templeis Putong Tower built in 9d year of Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty (in 1670). Itwas built with blue stone slates. It is 3.5m high with base 0.75m in width. It hasthree levels and eight facets. In the Temple set up a stele with an inscription in itin I0th year of Kangxi Period of Qing Dynasty (in 1617). The inscription, tiled as"Account of Putong Tower in Dongxiang Temple in Ruijin County of Qianzhou",provides the reasons for the development and construction of Dongshan Temple.

3) The former site of Working People's Committee under Yunshishan TemporaryCentral Government (in 1934) is a cultural relic protection unit at City level; it issituated at Donghu Hotel of Yunshi Village in Yunshishan Town.

4) The former site of National Bank under Yunshishan Temporary CentralGovernment (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated atXiapizi of Fenglong Village in Yunshishan Town.

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5) The former site of National Politics Safeguard Bureau under Yunshishan

Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City

level; it is situated at Aiyuanling of Pixia Village in Yunshishan Town.

6) The former site of People's Financial Department under Yunshishan Temporary

Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is

situated at Xiatang of Fenglong Village in Yunshishan Town.

7) The former site of Madaokou CPC Central Bureau (in 1934) is cultural relic

protection unit at City level; it is situated at Madaokou of Fenglong Village in

Yunshishan Town.

8) The former site of Central Revolutionary Military Committee under Yanbei Soviet

Republic of China (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is

situated at Yanbei of Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town.

9) Former residential house for Mr. Lide (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at

City level; it is situated at Yanbei of Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town.

1O) The former site of Shegongbei CPC Central Party School (in 1934) is cultural

relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Shegongbei of Tianxin Village in

Yunshishan Town.

1I) The former site of Tianxi Shaogong Center (in 1934) is cultural relic protection

unit at City level; it is situated at Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town.

12) The former site of Gongrong Inspection People's Committee under Huangzhupi

Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City

level; it is situated at Huangzhupi of Huangpi Village in Yunshishan Town.

13) The former site of Central Executive Bureau under National Trade Union of China

(in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Shapai of

Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town.

14) The former site of Mobilization Military Department under Central Revolutionary

Military Committee (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is

situated at Maowudong of Tianxin Vilage in Yunshishan Town.

15) The former site of Printing Factory of Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is

cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Yuanba Village in

Yunshishan Town.

16) The former site of General Postage Bureau under Temporary Central Government

(in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at E'poshixia

of Shishan Village in Yunshishan Town.

3.2 Huichang County

Huichang County is situated in the west foot of south end of Wuyi Mountains. It is

covered dominantly with low mountains and hills; only on the both banks of

Gongshui River and Xiangshui River staggers each other the basins and low

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mountains and hills. The peak of the mountains is Panguzhang with 1184 in height.All rivers in the County are in the water system of Gongshui River; Xiangshui River,Lianjiang River, Xijiang River and Mianshui River are its branch rivers.

In Lanshan Mountain, the peak outside the capital of Huichang County, are thecampaign works and former site of Military Hospital left during the second civilrevolutionary war period. There are former residential house of Mr. Mao Cedong andformer sites of various revolutionary activities in Wenwuba and Liguanshan ofZhangtang. Hanxian Rock, situated at Junminling Mountain, is a famous landscaperesort.

After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Huichang County near theproposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is asfollows:

17) Xijiang Kiln Sites: it is situated at 11 Om southeast away from Nanxing Village ofXijiang Town. It was built in Tang Dynasty with an area of 350 square meters.There is a Long Kiln left with a residual length of 15.3m. Jar, earthen bowl, potand bowl that were painted with brownish and yellowish glaze were gatheredthere.

18)Xijiang Tombs: they are situated at 200m east away from Nanxing Village ofXijiang Town. They were built in Eastern Han Dynasty. They scatter on the slopeof Songkeng Mountain. 2 tombs, both facing northwest and built with bricks, havebeen exposed. There are two Chinese characters of "Fu Gui" and concentric roundtextures in the bricks.

19)Nanxing Tomb: it is situated at the northeast foot of Shizi Mountain about 40mSouthwest away from Nanxing Village of Xijiang Town. It was built in Eastern JinDynasty. It was discovered in May 1989, but destroyed seriously years ago.Facing the west, it had a rectangular brick room with a brick arch roof. It is 3m inlength and 1 .4m in width. Except that a pot was placed in the center of the tombroom, the other buried articles such as I iron knife, I iron kettle and 7 blueporcelains were placed in the front of the tomb room. The blue porcelains includeajar, kettle, bowl, earthen bowl and etc.

20) Dayuanbei Tomb: it is situated at the southeast foot of Wankeng Mountain, 2kmaway from Dayuanbei of Pingqiu Village in Xijiang Town. It was built in SuiDynasty. It was discovered in 1989 and destroyed and the structure of the tomb isnot clear. 9 buried articles including 5 blue porcelain cups, I pottery bowl, 1bronze mirror with a lucky animal on the back, I iron funnel and I iron knife werecollected there. The above articles were arrayed about Im deep from the surface.Pottery bowl was placed underneath, the iron funnel was place in the center, 5blue porcelain cups were arrayed around the iron funnel. The mirror was placed inthe funnel; the iron knife was placed on the handle of the fimnel.

21) Shixiandong Tomb: it is situated at the north foot of Shixiandong Mountain atNanxing Village of Xijiang Town. It was built in Tang Dynasty. It was discovered

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in 1978 and destroyed. According to the field survey, facing Northwest, it had a

brick room; the buried articles such as blue porcelain bowl, plate, cup, pottery pot,iron cooking vessel, dagger and coins were lost; only 2 bricks and 1 blue porcelaincup were collected from the tomb. On the brick side inscribed in relief nineChinese characters of "Kou Da Tang Qian Tian Tong Yuan Nian Zao Mu" (itmeans the tomb was built in the first year of Qiantianchong Period of Tang

A Dynasty).

22)Xiyuan Tomb: it is situated at about 300m northwest from Xiyuan Village ofXijiang Town. It was discovered in September 1997. It was built in Tang Dynasty.According to the field survey, it had a rectangular brick room; it is 3.53m longfrom west to east, 0.93m wide from north to south and 1.lm deep. The tomb path

is about 2.5m long and about wide. The buried residual articles were collectedfrom the tomb, of which 4 china cups and 4 china bowls that were painted blueand yellow glaze, but most of glaze was shelled off. There are 1 china plate thatwas painted with yellow glaze, I china vase and I iron funnel.

23) Duannao Tomb: it is situated at Duannao Village of Xijiang Town. In 1991, theCounty Museum collected iron cooking vessel blue china receptacle, blue chinabowl, blue china cup and etc. The articles were discovered by the local farnerwhen excavating the house foundation. They are possibly from the tomb of TangDynasty.

24) Shixiandong Tombs: They are situated at 400m south away from Nanxing Villageof Xijiang Town. It was built in Tang Dynasty. 2 tombs were excavated, they hadthe brick rooms with 1.4m in length, 1,7m in width and 0.97m in height. On thebrick side inscribed 8 Chinese characters of "Da Tang Qian Feng Yuan Nian ZaoMu" (it means the tomb was built in the first year of Qianfeng Period of TangDynasty). On the bricks are concentric round textures and net textures. The ironcooking vessel and coins were collected from the tomb.

25)Zhigutou Tomb: They are situated at about 400m west away from DuannaoVillage of Xijiang Town. They were built in Wudai Dynasty. A tomb with a singlerectangular room was excavated, facing the east, it is 2.5m long, 0.8m wide and0.6m high, it was built totally with bricks with textures on it. 15 buried articlessuch as white china bowl, plate, convert bottle, iron funnel were collected fromthe tomb.

26) Tangbeigang Tombs: They are situated on the slope of east side of TangbeigangHill at Datian Village of Xijiang Town. There discovered many tombs atTangbeigang. They were built in Wudai Dynasty. One tomb was excavated, facingthe northwest, it had a brick room with 3.65m in length, 1.1 m in width and 1.32min height, it was built totally with bricks with textures on them. White china bowl,plate, convert bottle, iron knife, and iron funnel were collected from the tomb.

27) The former site of CPC Xijiang County Committee (in 1932) is situated 120msouth away form the old market of Xijiang in Xijiang Town.

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28) Liantangshui Building: it is situated at Liantang Village of Xiaomi Town. It wasbuilt in 21 st year of Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty (in 1775). It has a brick andwood structure; it is square with three levels of eaves. It has an area of 56 squaremeters with a total height of 12m. there are flower decoration in relief in thewindow lattices and wood sheets that are used to separate rooms.

29) The site of the mammal fossil: the fossil was formed in the middle and latePleistocene. It is situated at Liugongpai, 2km away from Xiaomi Village ofXiaomi Town. In 1990, a limestone cranny pileup was discovered, in a crannyfacing the south, teeth fossils of porcupines, giant pandas, Tibet black bears, civetcats, elephants tapir, rhinoceros, sambar, cattle, boar and etc. were collected, alsothe bones fossils of birds and tortoises were collected. Brown reddish sandy clayis predominant in the cranny pileup with a little quartz and mica. Afterauthenticated by Ancient Vertebrate Animal and Ancient Human Research Centerof Science Institute of China, the teeth fossils belong to Southern China GiantPanda-Elephant fauna.

3.3 Yudu County

The end parts of Wuyi Mountains and Yushan Mountains penetrate the eastern,southern and northwestern Yudu County. In the County, especially around the Countyis covered with a large area of mountains and hills. These mountains and hills are inNortheast-Southwest way; being cut by the rivers, these mountains and hills arerelatively broken; low hills and basins widely spread along the banks of GongshuiRiver and Meijiang River and etc; and the capital of Yudu County is located in anopen, low and flat area. Pangushan Mountain, situated in southern Yudu County, is thehighest with an elevation of 1312m; and Tongming Peak of Yushan Mountains,situated in northwestern Yudu County, is just 634m high. The main rivers in YuduCounty are Gongshui River and its branch river-Meijiang River.

The tourism resorts are Luotian Rock that is situated about 3km south away from thecapital of Yudu County, Panshan Park and Panguxi Lake that are located in andPangushan Tungsten Mine. Luotian Rock is famous not only for its beautifullandscape, but also for the rock inscriptions written by Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, WangShouren, Xie Jin, Zhu Ta and etc.

After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Yudu County near theproposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is asfollows:

30) Shanghutang Site: it is a site related to Shanzhou (New Stone Age). It is situated 1km northeast away from Hefengxu of Hefeng Town. It has an area of 13 thousandsquare meters. It is buried underneath 4050cm silt. Exploratory digging wasconducted in 1975. The excavated stone wares include adzes, arrowheads, daggers,spears, gray mud potteries, polished potteries, jar, ancient cooking vessels,spinning wheels, decorations with diamond-shaped texture, dot & circle-shapedtexture, vein-shaped texture, swirl-shaped texture on them, bone articles made of

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animal's horns.

31) Liu's Tomb: it is situated 500m west away from Pijiao Village of Hefeng Town. Itwas built in Chongzhen Period of Ming Dynasty with 2m in height and 5.3m indiameter. It has a red granite structure with a dome roof In the center of the tombfront is a blue stone stele with patterns in relief of animals, plants and flowers in it.It was once rebuilt in Yongzheng Period of Qing Dynasty.

32) The former site of offices of CPC Central Branch Bureau and Central Governmentof Soviet of China (in 1935) is situated at 800m southwest away from HuangniVillage of Hefeng Town.

33)The former site of CPC Yudu County Committee (in 1928) is situated at 6.5kmnorthest away from Huangni Village of Hefeng Town.

34) The former site of Liren Farmer Uprising (in 1928) is situated at Renxu of LirenVillage of Licun Town.

35) Luotian Rock Inscription: it is a cultural relic protection unit at provincial level. Itis located at 2.5km away from the south bank of Gongjiang River in GongjiangTown. Luotianyan Temple was built in Southern Dynasty, it gained greatreputation in Northern Song Dynasty. The temple was built next to the rock withbricks and wood. It has a hard roof In the temple are 11 Buddha figures in reliefcarved in the rock. Around the temple within 2km are about 70 rock inscriptionswritten by Zhou Dunyi, Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang of Song Dynasty, WangShouren, Luo Honggang, He Tinghe of Ming Dynasty, Li Yuanding, Yi Xueshiand Zhu Ta of Qing Dynasty.

36) Kangshiyan Putongta Dagoba: it is situated at lkm west away from XiaomanVillage of Luojiang Town. It was built in 3 5th year of Kangxi Pering of QingDynasty (in 1696). It is a dagoba made of red granite. It has six corners and threefloors. The facets of the dagoba is decorated with muti-layer eaves. It is 2.56mhigh. The dagoba was built with red granite slates that are joined each other bytenons and dovetails. Between floors and on the top of the dagoba are thedecorations of protruding eaves made of red granite. On front facet of the secondfloor is a Buddha figure in relief with 0.75m in height and 0.2m in width. In themiddle of the third floor carved six Chinese characters of "Kang Shi Yan Pu TongTa"; on the both sides is a couplet hung on the columns with date on the margin ofcouplet, saying "winter, 35"' year of Kangxi Period".

* 37)Xianhejing Site: it is situated at about 150m north away from Shiwei Village ofLuo'ao Town. It was built in Shangzhou Period with an area of about 300 squaremeters. The buried articles such as stone wares (including adzes, axes, arrowheads,knife-sharpening stones and etc.), pottery pieces (all are gray, muddy and sandy,about half of them are hard potteries, pane-shaped textures), utensils (includingancient cooking vessels with three empty feet, wine vessels and jars and etc.) arecolleted from the site.

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38) Shiwei Site: it is situated at 3km southeast away from Lei'aoxi of Luo'ao Town. Itwas built in Shangzhou Period with an area of about 600 square meters. 10 stonewares (including adzes, arrowheads, chisels and etc.), 76 pottery pieces ( some aregray sandy potteries, some are gray muddy potteries, decoration textures arediamonds and etc.) and utensils (including ancient cokking vessels with threeempty feet, wine vessels with a broad mouth, jars and etc.) are collected from thesite.

39) Zhang Biao Tomb: it is situated at about 300m east away from Sanmen Village ofLuo'ao Town. It was built in Qing Dynasty. According to record of Yudu CountyAnnals, Zhang Biao, from Xiaoxidan Village, was killed in a battle againstTaiping Army (Farmer Uprising Army) in December 13 of the 7h year ofXianfeng Period in lunar calendar (in 1857). The tomb is 4.17m high with an areaof about 15 square meters. The tomb gate is similar to a torii. In the front of thetomb are symmetrical stone frustas, stone posts. On the top of the tomb is a lyingbuffalo statue with its head up.

40) Zhongbu Tower: it is situated at 2.5km southwest away from Luo'aoxi of Luo'aoTown. It was built in Qing Dynasty. It has an earth and wood structure and sevenfloors. The plane of the town is in hexagon with equal sides. The side length,thickness, height are 4.3m, 1.6m and about 30m respectively. The body of thetomb is made of mixture of lime, sand and earth. Between floors are thedecorations of protruding eaves. The top of the tower was built with bricks withshrinking layers to one point. In the first floor is an arch door, facing the northwest,which is 1.6m high and 0.5m wide. The center of the tower is hollow in hexagon.Inside the tower are vertical beams. From the second floor and above, windowswere set. Except for the true windows set in the southeast and northwest walls, theother windows are false with arch tops.

41) Huilan Tower: it was built in Qing Dynasty. It is situated at 2.5km southwest awayfrom Luo'aoxi of Luo'ao Town. Wu Biao, a Yudu scholar, donated to build thetower in the 9 th of Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty (in 1744). The plane of thetower is in a shape of hexagon with a side length of 4.3m. It is 7-floorpavilion-like tower with a height of 30m. The body of the tower was made ofmixture of lime, sand and earth. Between floors are the decorations of protrudingeaves. The top of the tower is made of bricks with shrinking layers to the point inshape of a guard. The center of the tower is hollow with single walls. On thenorthwest facet of the first floor is a small door; on the other floor are windows setin the walls.

42) The former site of Luo'ao Farmer Uprising (in 1928) is situated at Shashanab,1km west away from Luo'ao Village of Luo'ao Town.

43) The former site of assembling of the 34th Division under the fifth Corps (in 1934)is situated at 200m away of LiYu Village in Luo'ao Town.

44) The former ferry site of crossing Yudu River by the 13th Division under the 5th

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Corps (in 1934) is located at Lishiwei, 3km southeast away from Luo'ao Villageof Luo'ao Town.

45) The former ferry site of crossing Yudu River by the 34th Division under the 5thCorps (in 1934) is located at 50m east away from Liyu Village of Luo'ao Town.

46)The site of Manmnal Fossils: it is situated at Baiyun Mountain, 3km northwestaway from Yanbei Village of Luo'ao Town. The fossils belongs to late Pleistocene.It was discovered by workers of Luo'ao Lime Factory between 1982 and 1984. thefossils were distributed on the mountain side with 1000m in length and 500m inwidth. The fossil layer belongs to the cranny pileup, and the fossils wereexcavated from the brown reddish sandy earth stratum. After authenticated byAncient Vertebrate Animal & Ancient Huran Fossil Research Center of ChinaScience Institute, there are two kinds of fossils (one is reptiles, the other ismammal). Of which, there are fossils of bats, bamboo rats, giant pandas, China'srhinoceros, deer with large teeth, deer and etc.

47)Malingdong Site: it is situated at about 2km east away from Xinpixi of XinpiTown. The site is related to Shangzhou Period. It covers about 200 square meters.The buried articles such as stone wares (including arrowheads, knifes and etc.),utensils (including earthen bowls and jars) and pottery pieces (including muddyand sandy potteries) were excavated. The textures in the pottery pieces arestring-like texture, pane-like texture and etc.

48)The former site of Gannan Provincial Military Area (in 1934) is situated atHuangwu, 500m away from Xinpi Village of Xinpi Town.

3.4 Gan County

Gan County is dominantly covered by hills and mountainous areas. Many undulatingmountains run through the whole County and are often cut by river. Basins andvalleys are staggered each other. Generally speaking the southeastern County is higherthan the northwestern. The highest mountain is Shuiji, situated in the southeasternCounty, with an elevation of 1185m. Beside Ganjiang River and Gongshui River,there are Branch Rivers such as Taojiang River, Pingjiang River and etc run throughthe County.

In Tiancun and Bailu are the former sites of Soviet Government during the 2nd civilrevolutionary war period. On the top of Dongshan Mountain in Tiancun Town is afamous Baohua Temple built in Song Dynasty.

After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Gan County near theproposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is asfollows:

49) Chujun Temple: it is located at the bank of Ganjiang River in Chutianxi of ChutanTown. Its original name was Guangji Temple. It was built with bricks and wood. Ithas a hard roof with fire-proof gable walls on both sides. It has three rooms with10.3m in width, 16m in length. It has a patio on the center of the temple. On the

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door of the main building carved two-dragon playing with one ball in relief Onboth sides of the main building have 10 wing rooms with a total area of 200square mneters. It was repaired in 1993.

3.5 Zhanggong District

It is located in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River. At the place where ZhangjiangRiver and Gongjiang River joint together, the central river valley is open and flat,especially on the river valley of Zhangjiang River. On the southern and northern partsof the District are many low mountains and hills. The Fengshan Mountain that issituated at southeast Zhanggong District is the highest with an elevation of 1016m; inthe transitional zone between the plain and low mountains & hills are many low hills,thus forms landform in a noticeable shape of saddle.

There are many landscapes and tourism resorts. The Tongtianyan Grotto, situated at10km northwest away from the capital of Zbanggong District, was built in NorthernSong Dynasty; in which there are many ancient rock inscriptions, rock niches, andstone statues. It is reputed as an art treasure of sculptures. Bajing Platformn, built inNorthern Song Dynasty, is situated at the place where Zhangjiang River andGongjiang River join together. Yigu Platform, built initially in Tang Dynasty, islocated at Luosiling Mountain that is highest place in the city area; the former site ofancient kiln is situated at Qilizhen of Shuidong Town; ancient city walls of SongDynasty is in the city area; Confucian Temple, an ancient architecture, is built in QingDynasty; the Dagoda (also called Ciyun Tower), buit in Northem Song, is situated inthe city area; Kongtong Mountain (also called Fengsban Mountain), a famouslandscape, is situated at the southeastern Zhanggong District.

After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Zhanggong District near theproposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is asfollows:

50) Qilizhen Kiln Site: it is a cultural relic protection unit at provincial level. It issituated at the north bank of Gongjiang River, about 2km away fromQilicun-Yanaocun of Shuidong Town. It covers 75.7 thousand square meters.There are 16 pileups there. Excavations were conducted twice at Shaziling,Zhangwuling and Zhouwuwu in 1975 and in the fall and winter of 1977. Theburied articles such as jars, earthen bowls, kettles, bowls, plates, cups, shallowcups, trays, stoves, vases, inkstones, blue whitish glazed china, white glazed china,black brownish glazed china, purple glazed china and etc. On these china

* decorated with impressions, scrabbles and etc.; and black brownish glazed china,purple glazed thin china have unique features, part of china was exported abroad.During 1997's excavation in Zhangwuling Mountain, 2 kilns of Song Dynasty thatproduced china only for emperor were discovered. (refer to Cultural Relics inJiangxi in 1990).

51) Yan'ao Tombs: They are located at the north side of National Highway No. 323from Shuidong to Yan'ao. They were built in Song Dynasty. These tombs are on

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the slope of a hill with 1 km in length. Several small tombs of Song Dynasty werediscovered since 1984 when local residents excavated residential foundations. Theburied articles such as iron funnels, china vases, china plates, earthen bowls,bronze coins were discovered.

52) Li Bo Ancestral Temple: It is a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It wasbuilt in Ming Dynasty. Li Bo Ancestral Temple is a kind of Gannan building. Ithas an earth and wood structure. It has three rooms with 10.6m in length and9.1 Om in width. It is a place where Li's pay homage to their ancestors. Li Bo,styled Junzhi, was from Luoyang of Hennan Province. He was an official of QianCounty during Changqing Period of Tang Dynasty (in 821-824). Li'naoshanVillage is a relatively early habitat for immigrants from the northern China as faras know in Ganzhou City.

53) Baita Bridge: It is a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built in QingDynasty. It was situated at about lkm west away from Zhushan Village ofShuidong Town. It was initially built in Song Dynasty. It was built on the officialpassage to Ganzhou by a gentleman of Qili Town, who passed an examinationheld by Emperor in Xianchun Period of Song Dynasty (in 1274). The existingBridge was rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. It is a stone arch bridge with single span. Itwas made of red stone. It crosses over Taoyuan River with 22.6m in length and4.9m in width.

54) Xianniang Temple: it is a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built inQing Dynasty. It is situated at Siliancun of Qili Village in Shuidong Town.According to the inscription in the temple, it was rebuilt in the 23rd year ofDaoguang Period of Qing Dynasty. Now in the Xianniang Temple are TianhuaFairy and Kwan-yin. It covers 372 square meters. It has a brick and woodstructure with 11.6m in width and 31.9m in length. There are three floors in thefirst section of the building, on the first floor is a passage to the gate, on thesecond floor is an opera platform, and on the third floor is Wenchang Cabinetdecorated with colored patterns, wooden sculptures and etc.; in the second sectionof the building is a palace where shrines are set.

55) Wanshou Palace: It was a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built inQing Dynasty. It is situated at Ganzhou Wood Storage of Qili Village in ShuidongTown. It was originally a famous Taosim Temple where people paid homage to XuZhenjun before. It has a brick and wood structure. It had three sections in thebuilding, but now only the second and third sections left. It is about 20m in widthand about 30m in length with an area of about 600 square meters. On woodenelements of the building are patterns in relief and colored paintings. Between thesecond and the third sections is a patio, and a stone flyover crosses the patio, onthe stone posts are patterns of aninals in relief.

56) Chi's Ancestral Temple: It was a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It wasbuilt in Qing Dynasty. It is situated at Zhongfangcun of Qili Village in ShuidongTown. It was initially built in the 19 th year of Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty (in

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62) Yuhong Tower: It was a cultural relic protection unit at provincial level. It wasbuilt in Ming Dynasty. It is situated at Lianshancun of Chizhu Village in ShuixiTown. It got its name from the meaning of a poem saying "water flows liking jadeand rainbow". It was built by an official named Xie Jie in Wanli Period of MingDynasty. It stands close to a river. Facing the south, it has nine floors and sixcorners with about 30m in height. Entering the tower through the front door,people can climb up along spiral brick steps to reach the ninth floor. On the brickis the inscription of "Wan Li Bao Ta". The original wooden elements weredestroyed.

63)Tongtianyan Grotto: It was a cultural relic protection unit at national level. It issituated at Shibitang of Tongtianyan Village in Shuixi Town. It covers about 66.5hectares. The valley is deep with tall trees. Tongtianyan is divided into two rocks,i.e. the east rock and the west rock. Stone statues are carved on cliffs of theTongxin Rock, Wanggui Rock, Longhu Rock, Cuiwei Rock (all belong to the eastrock). There are 359 stone statues and 128 inscriptions, of which 36 inscriptionwere written in Ming Dynasty, the others were written in Qing Dynasty or later.The earliest inscription was written by Pu Yang, Chen Jinzhi and their companiesin Northem Song Dynasty

64) Liyuan Folk Architectures: It was a cultural relic protection unit at city level. Itwas built in Qing Dynasty. It is situated at Liyuan Village of Hubian Town. Nowthere are Luowudong Building and Liuyi Building left. It is a set of folkarchitectures built in middle Qing Dynasty. It was built by Xiao's. Fineconstruction materials and sophisticated workmanship were applied to built thefolk architecture with a distinct Gannan features. During the anti-Japan war period,it was the 2nd Nursing Yard of Jiangxi Province, which was established by JiangJinggou and Jiang Fangliang and headed by Jiang Fangliang.

65) He Huanwen Tomb: It was a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was builtin 1942. It is situated at a slope, 350m southeast away from Gangbianpai ofGangbian Village of Hubian Town. He Huanwen was the father of He Zhizhen.After Red Army's Long March. He Huanwen lived secretly Gan County. He diedof sick in June 1938 in Gangbian Village of Hubian Town. It has a brick structurewith 1.8m in width and 1.38m in height. In the red gravestone is an inscription,saying it was built by his town fellow of Yongxin County in 1941.

4. Conclusions and Suggestions

£ 4.1 Conclusions

Through a general investigation on the cultural relic protection units at county, city,, provincial and national levels along the whole recommended aligmnent (including

north and south alignment comparative schemes), it is assured that the wholerecommended alignment (including north and south alignment comparative schemes)is out of the scope of the cultural relic protection units at all levels; it will not threatenthe safety of these cultural relic protection units and conforms to the requirements of

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Cultural Relic Protection Law of P. R. China.

4.2 Suggestions

I.The report was prepared by Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic & ArcheologyResearch Institute (JPCRARI) based on the whole recommended alignment scheme inthe preliminary design document provided by Communications Design Institute ofJiangxi Province (CDIJP) and infornation gathered and field investigation. If there isany change of the alignment due to the geology, construction technology andinterconnecting roads and etc. in the next step, CDIJP should inform JPCRARI intime of the changes in order to adjust and modify the relevant data of the Report.

2. This Report will only suitable for the preliminary design period of RuiGan freeway.Upon the approval of preliminary design Report and finalization of the alignment,CDIJP will inform in time JPCRARI in writing in order to let JPCRARI complete therechecking of the cultural relic protection units at all levels before the commencementof construction, meanwhile, JPCRARI will conduct exploration for the undergroundcultural relics on some important areas within the right of way, and try our best tosave cultural relics if there are any. After the end of our work, JPCRARI will issue thefinal certificate, showing that cultural relic protection work has been done for theProject.

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Attached Table: List of Cultural Relics along Alignment of RGE in Feasibility Study Stage

Distance fromYear Protection City/ Dsac ioNo. Names of cultural relics Type ynar levelt counties alignment

(Dynasty) level counties (m)

I Mao Tangshang Totnb Ancient tomb Qing Ordinary Ruijin City About 5.5

Dynasty

2 Dongshan Temple Ancient Ming Ordinary Ruijin City About 3architecture Dynasty

3 The former site of Working Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 1.5

People's Committee underYunshishan Temporary Central

Government

4 The former site of National Revolutionary About 2.5

Bank under Yunshishan 1934 City level Ruijin CityTemporary Central Government

5 The former site of National Revolutionary About 0.5

Politics Safeguard Bureau 1934 City level Ruijin City

under Yunshishan TemporaryCentral Government

6 The former site of People's Revolutionary About 2.5

Financial Department under 1934 City level Ruijin CityYunshishan Temporary Central

Government

7 The former site of Madaokou Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 1.5CPC Central Bureau

8 The former site of Central Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 4

Revolutionary MilitaryCommittee under Yanbei Soviet

Republic of China9 Former residential house for Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 4

Mr. Lide10 The former site of Shegongbei Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 2

CPC Central Party School11 The former site of Tianxi Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 4

Shaogong Center

12 The former site of Gongrong Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 1.5

Inspection People's Committeeunder Huangzhupi Temporary

Central Government

13 he former site of Central Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 3.5

Executive Bureau under

National Trade Union of China

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14 he forMter site of Moblization Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 4.5

Military Department under

Central Revolutionary Military

Committee15 The former site of Printing Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 0.3

Factory of Temporary Central

Government16 The former site of General Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 1.5

,0 Postage Bureau underTemporary Central Government

17 Xijiang Kiln Sites Ancient kiln Tang Ordinary Huichang About 0.6

Dynasty County

18 Xijiang Tombs Ancient tomb Eastern Han Ordinary Huichang About 0.7Dynasty County

19 Nanxing Tomb Ancient tomb Eastern Jin Ordinary Huichang About 0.7

Dynasty County

20 Dayuanbei Tomb Ancient tomb Sui Dynasty Ordinary Huichang About 2.5County

21 Shixiandong Tomb Ancient tomb Tang Ordinary Huichang About 0.5

Dynasty County

22 Xiyuan Tomb Ancient tomb Tang Ordinary Huichang About 1.5

Dynasty County

23 Duannao Tomb Ancient tomb Tang Ordinary Huichang About 2.5

Dynasty County

24 Shixiandong Tombs Ancient tomb Tang Ordinary Huichang About 0.5

Dynasty County

25 Zhigutou Tomb Ancient tomb Wudai Ordinary Huichang About 3

Dynasty County

26 Tangbeigang Tombs Ancient tomb Wudai Ordinary Huichang About 0.5

___ Dynasty County

27 The former site of CPC Xijiang Revolutionary 1932 Ordinary Huichang About 2

County Committee County28 Liantangshui Building Ancient Qing Ordinary Huichang About 0.5

architecture Dynasty County

29 The site of the mammal fossil Ancient fossil Late Ordinary Huichang About 6

Pleistocene CountyE 30 Shanghutang Site Cultural relic Neo-stone Ordinary Yudu About 3.5

site Age County

-Shandzhou

31 Liu's Tomb Ancient tomb Ming Ordinary Yudu About 2.5

Dynasty County

32 The former site of offices of Revolutionary 1935 Ordinary Yudu About 3.5

CPC Central Branch Bureau County

and Central Goverment of

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Soviet of China

33 The former site of CPC Yudu Revolutionary 1928 Ordinary Yudu About I

County Committee County

34 The former site of Liren Farmer Revolutionary 1928 Ordinary Yudu About I

Uprising County

35 Luotian Rock Inscription Ancient Song - Qing Provincial Yudu About 3.5

inscription Dynasty level County

36 Kangshiyan Putongta Dagoba Ancient tomb Qing Ordinary Yudu About 2Dynasty County

37 Xianhejing Site Cultural relic Shangzhou Ordinary Yudu About 2.5

site Period County

38 Shiwei Site Cultural relic Shangzhou Ordinary Yudu About 2.5site Period County

39 Zhang Biao Tomb Ancient tomb Qing Ordinary Yudu About 0.3Dynasty County

40 Zhongbu Tower Ancient Qing Ordinary Yudu About 1.5

architecture Dynasty County

41 Huilan Tower Ancient Qing Ordinary Yudu About 1.5

architecture Dynasty County

42 The former site of Luo'ao Revolutionary 1928 Ordinary Yudu About 2.7

Farner Uprising County

43 The former site of assembling Revolutionary 1934 Ordinary Yudu About 3.5

of the 34th Division under the County

fifth Corps44 The former ferry site of Revolutionary 1934 Ordinary Yudu About 2

crossing Yudu River by the 13th County

Division under the 5th Corps

45 The former ferry site of Revolutionary 1934 Ordinary Yudu About 3.5

crossing Yudu River by the 34th County

Division under the 5th Corps

46 The site of Mammal Fossils Ancient fossil Late Ordinary Yudu About 2.2

Pleistocene County

47 Malingdong Site Cultural relic Shangzhou Ordinary Yudu About 2.5

site Period County

48 The forrner site of Gannan Revolutionary 1934 Ordinary Yudu About 2.5

Provincial Military Area County

49 Chujun Temple Ancient Qing Ordinary Gan county About 3.5

architecture Dynasty

50 Qilizhen Kiln Site Ancient kiln Tang - Yuan Provincial Zhanggong About 7

Dynasties level District

51 Yan'ao Tombs Ancient tomb Song City level Zhanggong About 6.5

Dynasty District

52 Li Bo Ancestral Temple Ancient Ming City level Zhanggong About 0.5

architecture Dynasty District

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53 Baita Bridge Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 7architecture Dynasty District

54 Xianniang Temple Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 6.8architecture Dynasty District

55 Wanshou Palace Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 4architecture Dynasty District

56 Chi's Ancestral Temple Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 7.5architecture Dynasty District

57 Mazhu Rock Inscription Ancient Yuan City level Zhanggong About 4inscription Dynasty District

58 Tongtianyan Site Cultural relic Western Ordinary Zhanggong About 1.5site Zhou Period District

59 Ganzhou Coin-making Yard Cultural relic Song Ordinary Zhanggong About 2Site site Dynasty District

60 Chizhuling Tombs Ancient tomb Southern Ordinary Zhanggong About 1.8Dynasty District

61 Yang Xiaoben Tomb Ancient tomb Song Ordinary Zhanggong About 1.5Dynasty District

62 Yuhong Tower Ancient Ming Provincial Zhanggong About 1.5architecture Dynasty level District

63 Tongtianyan Grotto Ancient Nothern National Zhanggong About 1.5inscription Song- level District

Republic ofChina

64 Liyuan Folk Architectures Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 0.4architecture Dynasty District

65 He Huanwen Tomb Martyr tomb 1942 City level Zhanggong About 0.35

District

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