evidence based treatment: what is it and how can it help children

8/3/2019 Evidence Based Treatment: What Is It and How Can It Help Children

1/27

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2/27

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3/27

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4/27

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5/27

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6/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh 8 =118

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7/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh 2 =118

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cous}huu dhnku sjh}h n}h bndoiohu ok cous}huu+ Sjheùs ou jolj s` hnej e`ddxkosy cxh s` iùu `b |`}gsodh `} okhbboeohks |`}gh}u nu n }huxis `b hzs}n en}hb`} ejoic}hk |j` jnrh uh}o`xu mhjnro`}ni `}hd`so`kni cou`}ch}u+

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8/27


9/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh : =118

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hbbhesorhkhuu jhiqu eiokoeonku q}`roch n joljh} ihrhi`b q}`sheso`k b`} ejoic}hk nkc jhiqu eiokoeonku en}}y`xs sjho} |`}g |osj d`}h e`kbochkeh+

Qxssokl Iodoshc ]hu`x}ehu \jh}h Sjhy \oiiC` sjh Dùs L``c

Sjh }hehks mxclhs chboeosu ok dnky n}hnu ok sjhXkoshc Usnshu) okeixcokl Qhkkuyirnkon) jnrh}huxishc ok }hcxeso`ku ok dnky uèoni uh}roeh nkcdhksni jhnisj uh}roeh q}`l}ndu+ Sjh Knso`kni

Dhksni Jhnisj Nuuèonso`k }hq`}shc sjns =? usnshuexs uqhkcokl `k dhksni jhnisj en}h cx}okl =115*Qhn}) =115/+ Sjhuh neso`ku odqnes sjh chiorh}y `bdhksni jhnisj uh}roehu s` ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksunkc joljioljs sjh e}osoeni khhc s` xuh sjh iodoshc}hu`x}ehu nrnoinmih b`} sjh dnzodxd mhkhbos+ \huodqiy jnrh nk `miolnso`k s` mh l``c ush|n}cu `bsjh }hu`x}ehu nrnoinmih b`} uh}roehu nkc q}`roch sjhdùs hbbhesorh s}hnsdhksu nrnoinmih+ Mhoklgk`|ihclhnmih nm`xs s}hnsdhks `xse`dh }huhn}ej ourosni s` sjh q}èhuu `b uhihesokl n s}hnsdhks

nqq}`nej nkc xuokl }hu`x}ehu |ouhiy+

Dngokl S}nokokl D`}h Hbbhesorh nkc D`}hXuhbxi

Nk`sjh} eihn} mhkhbos `b sjh hrochkeh$mnuhcs}hnsdhks qn}ncold ou sjh hzqhesnso`k sjnss}hnsdhksu jnrh eihn}iy chue}omhc q}èhcx}hu+ Sjhuhq}èhcx}hu n}h shnejnmih nkc enk mh en}}ohc `xs my`sjh}u+ Sjou hzqhesnso`k oke}hnuhu sjh ioghioj``c `b}hqioenso`k `b s}hnsdhks dhsj`cu my eiokoeonku ok

`sjh} uhssoklu+ Nii q}nesoso`kh}u n}h bxiiy n|n}h sjnssjh}h n}h hihdhksu `b n}s nu |hii nu ueohkeh oke`kcxesokl quyej`sjh}nqy+ Khrh}sjhihuu) hrhk sjhshejko~xhu nkc dhejnkoeu `b n}s enk mh snxljs nkcihn}khc+ Xuokl hzqioeos s}hnsdhks q}èhcx}hu snghuu`dh `b sjh dyush}y `xs `b ihn}kokl s` mhe`dh nquyej`sjh}nqous) nk odq`}snks ouuxh s` s}nokhhu*Ej}ous`qjh}uhk " D`}s|hhs) =11>/+ Gnvcok nkc\houv *=115/ qòks `xs sjns ex}}hksiy dùs s}nokoklq}`l}ndu b`} quyejì`lousu) quyejons}ousu) uèoni

|`}gh}u nkc `sjh} dhksni jhnisj q}`bhuuo`k e`xicmhkhbos my okeixcokl s}nokokl ok hrochkeh$mnuhcnqq}`nejhu+

Hzs}n Ejniihklhu `b Q}`rocokl DhksniJhnisj Uh}roehu s` Ejoic}hk

Q}nesoeokl ejoic eiokoeonku n}h n|n}h sjns sjhrnus dnf`}osy `b ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu |j`q}huhks b`} dhksni jhnisj uh}roehu n}h k`s uhib$}hbh}}hc+ Dnky `b sjhuh }hbh}}hc ejoic}hk nkcncìhuehksu chd`kus}nsh mhjnro`}ni `} hd`so`kniq}`mihdu sjns n}h hrochks s` `sjh}u mxs sjh ejoic `}ncìhuehks ou `bshk }huousnks s` }hehorokl s}hnsdhks+Bx}sjh}d`}h) c}`q$`xs }nshu b`} `xsqnsohks s}hnsdhks

`b ejoic}hk n}h `bshk nu jolj nu 31( s` 21(*\oh}vmoego " Qhgn}og) >??57 Gnvcok) >??2/+ Ob sjhejoic c`hu k`s |nks s` qn}soeoqnsh nkc ob sjh nd`xks`b sodh jh `} ujh |oii mh |`}gokl |osj xu ou uìodoshc) sjh}h ou hrhk d`}h x}lhkey b`} eiokoeonku s`xuh s}hnsdhksu sjns |`}g+

]HUOUSNKEH S@ NKC IODOSNSO@KU @BSJH HROCHKEH$MNUHC S]HNSDHKSNQQ]@NEJ

Lorhk nii sjhuh n}lxdhksu s` uxqq`}s sjhhrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhks nqq}`nej) |jy ouks sjh}hd`}h uxqq`}s b`} sjou |`}g0 K`s hrh}y`kh ouhksjxuhc nm`xs hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu nkc sjh}hn}h ihlosodnsh e`keh}ku }hln}cokl sjh ex}}hkshrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhks nqq}`nej+ U`dh e`keh}kun}h i`loeni) u`dh n}h mnuhc `k bhn} nkcdouxkch}usnkcokl `b sjou bohic `b usxcy) nkc u`dhn}h mnuhc `k k`}dni jxdnk }huousnkeh s` ejnklh+\h |oii s}y s` ncc}huu u`dh `b sjùh e`keh}ku ok sjh

bìi`|okl couexuuo`k+

Cheouo`ku nm`xs \jns sjh Usnkcn}cu \oiiMh

\jhkhrh} q}nesoeh usnkcn}cu n}h husnmioujhc)~xhuso`ku n}ouh+ \j` ou cheocokl |jns |h |oii usxcynkc |jns |h |oii xuh nu usnkcn}cu s` cheoch |jns|`}gu0 \j` |oii uhs sjh usnkcn}cu0 \jns q}èhuu|oii mh xuhc ok husnmioujokl sjùh usnkcn}cu0 \jns


10/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh ? =118

syqhu `b hrochkeh |oii mh okeixchc0 J`| dxejhrochkeh ou uxbboeohks s` uhs n s}hnsdhks usnkcn}c0Q}nesoeh usnkcn}cu) lxochiokhu nkc }he`ddhkcnso`kujnrh mhhk dnch my rn}o`xu l}`xqu) okeixcokl sjh

Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k Snug B`}eh `kHdqo}oeniiy Uxqq`}shc S}hnsdhksu *Ejndmihuu)>??2/) Sjh Ndh}oenk Nenchdy `b Ejoic nkcNcìhuehks Quyejons}y *h+l+) Mh}khs) =11=7 Cxkkh)>??/+Ehks}ni s` sjou chmnsh ou sjh e`keh}k sjns k`k$ueohksoboe bnes`}u |oii qiny n }ìh ok sjh

husnmioujdhks `b q}nesoeh usnkcn}cu+

S|` hzndqihu b}`d dhcoeni ueohkeh oiixus}nshsjou e`keh}k6 }huhn}ej `k dhcoenso`k nkc lxochiokhub`} sjh dnknlhdhks `b e`kexuuo`ku+ N uxmusnksonind`xks `b }huhn}ej `k dhcoenso`ku jnu u`dh chl}hh`b qjn}dnehxsoeni e`dqnky uxqq`}s `} uq`ku`}ujoq+Hrochkeh okcoenshu sjns sjou boknkeoni uxqq`}se`ks}omxshu s` d`}h bnr`}nmih *monuhc/ }huhn}ej}huxisu b`} sjh c}xl }hq}huhkshc my sjh uq`ku`}oklqjn}dnehxsoeni e`dqnky *D`ykojnk) =115/+

Nk`sjh} hzndqih okrìrhu sjh e`ks}`rh}uyux}}`xkcokl sjh husnmioujdhks `b s}hnsdhksusnkcn}cu `} lxochiokhu ok sjh dnknlhdhks `be`kexuuo`ku+ Sjh}h n}h >? cobbh}hks uhsu `blxochiokhu b`} nuuhuuokl sjh q}huhkeh `b e`kexuuo`knkc dngokl n cheouo`k nm`xs nk okcorocxniu}hncokhuu s` }hsx}k s` qjyuoeni nesorosohu nbsh} ne`kexuuo`k+ Sjh rn}o`xu uhsu `b lxochiokhu n}hoke`kuoushks |osj `kh nk`sjh} nkc n}h mnuhc in}lhiy`k sjh`}y nkc eiokoeni hzqh}ohkeh }nsjh} sjnkueohkeh *Eìioku) =115/+ Bx}sjh}d`}h) sjhuh

lxochiokhu bnoi s` sngh nlh$}hinshc cobbh}hkehu oks`nee`xks *Eìioku) =115/+ Ok bnes) sjh lxochiokhu `bsjh Ndh}oenk Nenchdy `b Khx}ì`ly n}hoke`kuoushks |osj }huhn}ej chd`kus}nsokl ncìhuehksnsjihshu }h~xo}h d`}h }he`rh}y sodh sjnk ncxisnsjihshu nbsh} n e`kexuuo`k *Eìioku) =115/+

E`keh}k nm`xs ]oloc Ncjh}hkeh s`S}hnsdhks Dnkxniu6 Ncnqsokl HrochkehMnuhc S}hnsdhks s` Okcorocxni EiokoeniKhhcu

@kh `b sjh bhnsx}hu `b hrochkeh$mnuhcs}hnsdhksu ou sjh husnmioujdhks nkc nqqioenso`k `b|hii$chbokhc s}hnsdhks q}èhcx}hu+ S}hnsdhksdnkxniu n}h `bshk chrhi`qhc s` chbokh sjh s}hnsdhksq}èhcx}hu *\jns n}h |h còkl0/ nkc lxocheiokoeonku xuokl sjou d`chi+ _hs) u`dh `b sjh}huousnkeh s` hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu }husu `k sjhochn sjns xuh `b n s}hnsdhks dnkxni }h~xo}hu }olocqnoks$my$kxdmh} ncjh}hkeh s` n dnkxni) nii`|ub`} k` e}hnsorosy `} okcorocxniosy my sjh

quyej`sjh}nqous) nkc huqheoniiy c`hu k`s nii`| b`}bihzomih ncnqsnso`ku s` mh dnch mnuhc `k sjh khhcu`b sjh okcorocxni qnsohks+ Sjùh }huousnks s` xuh `bdnkxniu n}lxh sjns sjh dnkxniu `rh}uodqioby sjhe`dqihzosohu `b e`kcxesokl quyej`sjh}nqy+

Sjh mhkhbosu `b s}hnsdhks dnkxniu okeixchodq}`rhdhksu ok s}nokokl `b eiokoeonku nkc mhssh}e`ddxkoenso`k `b hdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shc s}hnsdhksshejko~xhu *D`knejh} " Q}okv) >??>/+ Ghkcnii)|j` jnu chrhi`qhc nk hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhks b`}

ejoic}hk |osj nkzohsy cou`}ch}u) uxllhushc sjns sjh}hou n doccih l}`xkc mhs|hhk sjh b}hhc`d `bxkus}xesx}hc s}hnsdhks nkc sjh }oloc ncjh}hkeh s`dnkxniu *Ghkcnii hs ni+) >??:/+ Mninkeokl bihzomoiosynkc q}hcoesnmoiosy `b s}hnsdhks ou nk odq`}snks n}hn`b couexuuo`k+

S}hnsdhks Nqq}`nejhu Sjns Doljs \`}g mxsJnrh K`s Mhhk Hrnixnshc

Cx}okl sjh qnus s|` chenchu uolkoboenks

ncrnkehu jnrh mhhk dnch ok sjh kxdmh} nkc ~xniosy`b s}hnsdhks `xse`dh usxcohu `b ejoic nkcncìhuehks quyej`sjh}nqy) nisj`xlj sjh rnusdnf`}osy `b s}hnsdhks shejko~xhu xuhc my eiokoeonkujnrh k`s mhhk hrnixnshc *Gnvcok " \houv) =115/+Ln}ugh nkc Nkch}u`k *=115/ okcoensh sjns sjh}h n}hk`| ns ihnus =81 cousokes quyej`sjh}nqy nqq}`nejhu`} s}hnsdhks shejko~xhu+ Os ou ~xosh qùuomih sjnsu`dh `b sjùh s}hnsdhks shejko~xhu q}`cxeh lhkxokhqùosorh s}hnsdhks mhkhbosu |osj ejoic}hk+ U`dh


11/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh >1 =118

|`}}y sjns }hus}oeso`ku doljs mh qinehc `k sjhnqqioenso`k `b sjhuh k`s yhs hrnixnshc yhs qùuomiy|`}sj|joih s}hnsdhksu+

Nccoso`kniiy) u`dh s}hnsdhksu n}h d`}h hnuoiy}hq}huhkshc ok s}hnsdhks `xse`dh usxcohu sjnk`sjh}u+ E`lkosorh nkc mhjnro`}ni s}hnsdhksu n}h}hq}huhkshc d`}h hnuoiy sjnk) uny) `mfhes }hinso`kusjh}nqy+ @xse`dh rn}onmihu }hinshc s` e`lkosorh$mhjnro`}ni sjh`}y dny mh d`}h }hncoiy ochksobohcnkc dhnux}hc) `} e`lkosorh$mhjnro`}ni }huhn}ejh}udny jnrh d`}h ~xoegiy neehqshc sjh e}osoeni khhc sè`kcxes `xse`dh }huhn}ej+ Nbsh} nii) e`lkosorhmhjnro`} sjh}nqy |`}gu b`} mhjnro`} ejnklhu sjnsn}h `muh}rnmih nkc dhnux}nmih+ @sjh} sjh}nqohu dny

|`}g b`} nk oksh}kni) k`k$`muh}rnmih ejnklh uxej nul}hnsh} uhib n|n}hkhuu `} us}`klh} bhhioklu `bnssnejdhks) uhex}osy `} e`kbochkeh+ U`dh |`}}y sjnssjh}h |oii mh q}huux}h s` xuh `kiy sjh s}hnsdhksnqq}`nejhu `bboeoniiy ochksobohc nu mhoklhdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shc `} `kiy sjùh sjns dhnux}h`muh}rnmih mhjnro`}+

\h negk`|ihclh sjns u`dh s}hnsdhks b`}ejoic}hk) huqheoniiy sjùh okrìrokl n bndoiyuyushdu nqq}`nej) dny mh d`}h cobboexis s` hrnixnsh

mhenxuh `b sjh e`dqihzosy `b chbokokl sjh s}hnsdhksshejko~xhu) `b uhihesokl xse`dh rn}onmihu sjnsnch~xnshiy }hbihes s}hnsdhks ejnklh) `} `b s}negoklnkc nkniyvokl u` dxej d`}h okb`}dnso`k nuuèonshc|osj sjh ejoicu uèoni e`kshzs+ \osj bx}sjh}}huhn}ej uxej s}hnsdhks nqq}`nejhu dny mh b`xkc s`mh hbboeneo`xu `} uxqh}o`} s` `sjh} nqq}`nejhu b`}sjh undh eiokoeni q}`mihdu+ \h i``g b`}|n}c s` sjh}huxisu sjns |oii e`dh b}`d d`}h }huhn}ej ok sjoun}hn+ \`}g ok sjou n}hn |oii mhkhbos b}`d sjùhqn}soeoqnsokl ok bndoiy$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu ujn}okl

sjho} `muh}rnso`k ok) b`} hzndqih) enuh usxcycouexuuo`ku) nkc chrhi`qokl eìinm`}nsorh}hinso`kujoqu |osj }huhn}ejh}u+

Q}`q`khksu `b s}hnsdhksu sjns jnrh k`s mhhknch~xnshiy hrnixnshc n}h hke`x}nlhc s` ncrènsh b`}sjho} s}hnsdhksu my uxqq`}sokl sjh |`}g `b}huhn}ejh}u e`kcxesokl `xse`dh usxcohu ok sjùhn}hnu nkc eìinm`}nsokl |jhk qùuomih |osj sjùh}huhn}ejh}u+ @k sjh `sjh} jnkc) |h mhiohrh os ou

o}}huq`kuomih s` xuh n s}hnsdhks sjns jnu mhhken}hbxiiy hrnixnshc mxs chd`kus}nshu hosjh} k`qùosorh hbbhesu `} chd`kus}nshu khlnsorh hbbhesu+

Cobbh}hkehu mhs|hhk Hbboeney nkcHbbhesorhkhuu ]huhn}ej6 Sjh ]huhn}ejEiokoe ru+ sjh ]hni \`}ic `b S}hnsdhks

Hbboeney }huhn}ej ou uqheoboeniiy chuolkhc s`hzh}s n l}hns chni `b e`ks}ì `rh} bnes`}u sjns doljsdngh os cobboexis s` dngh eihn} e`keixuo`ku nm`xss}hnsdhks hbbhesu+ N jolj chl}hh `b e`ks}ì ouhzh}shc `rh} bnes`}u uxej nu okeixuo`k e}osh}on *|jnsejn}nesh}ousoeu y`x |nks qnsohksu s` jnrh) uxej nuconlkùou) uydqs`du) nlh/) hzeixuo`k e}osh}on *|jns

ejn}nesh}ousoeu y`x c` k`s |nks sjhd s` jnrh/)hzoushkeh `b e`$d`}moc e`kcoso`ku *uxej nuchq}huuo`k nkcc}xl nmxuh) `} chq}huuo`k nkcNCJC/) uqheoboe |nyu ok |joej s}hnsdhks ouq}`rochc) kxdmh} `b s}hnsdhks uhuuo`ku) sjh hzshks`b `sjh} bndoiy quyej`qnsjì`ly) nkc ~xnioboenso`kunkc s}nokokl `b sjh}nqousu+ Ok u`dh hbboeney }huhn}ej)qn}soeoqnksu n}h }he}xoshc |osj ncrh}souhdhksu }nsjh}sjnk mhokl uhib$}hbh}}hc s` eiokoeu+ Sjh q}odn}y~xhuso`k mhokl nughc ok hbboeney }huhn}ej ou sjou6Xkch} joljiy e`ks}ìihc nkc ochni e`kcoso`ku) c`hu

sjou s}hnsdhks |`}g0

Ok e`ks}nus) hbbhesorhkhuu usxcohu s}y s` nug6C`hu sjh s}hnsdhks |`}g ok n }hni |`}ic uhssokl0Hbbhesorhkhuu usxcohu n}h e`kcxeshc ok e`ddxkosyuhssoklu *h+l+) `xsqnsohks eiokoeu) uej`ìu) nkcj`dhu/ nkc n}h qx}qùhbxiiy ihuu e`ks}ìihc sjnk sjhhbboeney usxcohu+ Bnes`}u uxej nu qnsohksejn}nesh}ousoeu nkc sjh |ny ok |joej s}hnsdhks ouchiorh}hc n}h ihuu e`ks}ìihc+ Sjhuh e`kcoso`ku dnghhbbhesorhkhuu usxcohu d`}h eiùhiy }huhdmih }hni

|`}ic s}hnsdhks uhssoklu |osj syqoeni qnsohksu+

Sjh }huxisu `b hbboeney usxcohu nkc sjh }huxisu `bhbbhesorhkhuu usxcohu `b ejoic quyej`sjh}nqy n}h~xosh cobbh}hks+ Dhsn$nkniyuhu *l}`xq nkniyuhu `buhrh}ni uodoin} usxcohu/ `bhbboeney usxcohu `b ejoicquyej`sjh}nqy chd`kus}nsh rh}y qùosorh `xse`dhub`} ejoic quyej`sjh}nqy |osj hbbhes uovhu e`kuoch}hcok sjh in}lh }nklh *Enuhy " Mh}dnk) >?:87E`jhk) >?::7 \houv hs ni+) >?:


12/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh >> =118

>??17 nkc \houv hs ni+) >??8m/+ Ok e`ks}nus) dhsn$nkniyuhu `bhbbhesorhkhuu }huhn}ej okcoensh hbbhesuovhu sjns n}h udnii `} khlnsorh *\houv hs ni+)>??8n/+ @kh e`xic e`keixch sjns sjns |h jnrh

s}hnsdhksu sjns jnrh mhhk ochksobohc nu hbboeneo`xuok joljiy e`ks}ìihc uhssoklu |osj uqheoboeq`qxinso`ku) mxs |h jnrh yhs s` e`kuoushksiychd`kus}nsh hbbhesu ok nqqiohc uhssoklu+ \jy ou sjouu`0 N}h eiokoeonku ihuu hznes nm`xs ncjh}okl s`q}èhcx}hu0 Uj`xic sjh}h mh bihzomoiosy ok sjhq}èhcx}h |jhk ejoic}hk jnrh dxisoqih q}`mihdn}hnu b`} s}hnsdhks0 Sjhuh n}h ~xhuso`ku ncc}huuhcok hbbhesorhkhuu usxcohu+

Hrhk sj`xlj hrochkeh b`} sjh uxeehuubxi

nqqioenso`k `b hbboeneo`xu s}hnsdhksu ok nqqiohcuhssoklu ou iodoshc) q}nesoso`kh}u usoii enk xuh sjhokb`}dnso`k nrnoinmih b}`d hbboeney }huhn}ej s`lxoch s}hnsdhks cheouo`ku nkc jhiq eiùh sjh lnqmhs|hhk }huhn}ej nkc q}nesoeh+ Sjh}h ou n uxmusnksoni}huhn}ej mnuh s` lxoch q}nesoso`kh}u ok dngoklq}nesoeni s}hnsdhks cheouo`ku b`} dnky ejoicj``ccou`}ch}u *n uhe`kc qn}s `b sjou qnqh} dny mhqxmioujhc ns n insh} sodh/+

Sjh uxllhuso`k sjns dnky hbboeney usxcohu

hzeixch qnsohksu |osj e`$d`}moc e`kcoso`ku us}oghudnky eiokoeonku nu qùuomiy mhokl nqq}`q}onsh b`}sjh okosoni okrhusolnso`ku) mxs xk}hniousoe b`} nqqiohcuhssoklu mhenxuh dnky qnsohksu chd`kus}nsh e`$d`}moc e`kcoso`ku+ Os ou husodnshc sjnsnqq}`zodnshiy jnib `b nii qh`qih |osj dhksnicou`}ch}u jnrh d`}h sjnk `kh conlkùnmih cou`}ch}*Ein}g) \nsu`k " ]hykìcu) >??87 \houv hs ni+)>??:7 Jxbb`}c) =111/+ Hbbhesorhkhuu }huhn}ej ok }hni|`}ic uhssoklu ou e}osoeni b`} bokcokl |nyu s` dnghhbboeneo`xu s}hnsdhksu |`}g hbbhesorhiy ok nqqiohc

uhssoklu+

Sjou ou |jh}h eiokoeonku enk qiny n }ìh ok }huhn}ejnkc nqq}`nej n ueohksous$q}nesoso`kh} d`chi+ Myhke`x}nlokl usxcohu `b s}hnsdhks ok uosxnso`ku sjns}hbihes d`}h neex}nshiy n eiokoe `} nlhkey `bboeh) |h|oii hrhksxniiy }hehorh d`}h okb`}dnso`k `k s`ìunkc q}èhcx}hu sjns |oii d`}h neex}nshiy nqqiy s``x} |`}g+ Bx}sjh}d`}h) |h jnrh nk `miolnso`k sè`kcxes s}hnsdhks `xse`dh }huhn}ej `x}uhirhu) hrhk

ok d`chus |nyu) huqheoniiy b`} s}hnsdhksu b`} |joejk` `} iossih cnsn nm`xs hbbhesorhkhuu hzous+ In}lhhzqhkcosx}h `b bxkcu uxqq`}su n rn}ohsy `b dhksnijhnisj uh}roehu b`} ejoic}hk b`} |joej k` `} rh}y

iodoshc cnsn nm`xs hbbhesorhkhuu hzousu+ B`} hzndqihok =115) n s`sni `b #=>: doiio`k |nu uqhks `kmhjnro`}ni jhnisj }hjnmoiosnso`k uh}roehu *MJ]U/ b`}nqq}`zodnshiy >:)811 ejoic}hk ok sjhE`dd`k|hnisj `b Qhkkuyirnkon sj}`xljJhnisjEjòehu) }huxisokl ok nk nrh}nlh hzqhkcosx}h`b nqq}`zodnshiy #>>)


13/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh >= =118

odq`}snks sjnk s}hnsdhks shejko~xhu ok chsh}dokokls}hnsdhks `xse`dh *\ndqìc) =11>7 K`}e}ùu)=11=/+ Dhnux}okl sjh ~xniosy `b n }hinso`kujoq dnymh d`}h cobboexis sjnk dhnux}okl mhjnro`} ejnklh+

Sjh Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k Corouo`k`b Quyej`sjh}nqy chuolknshc n snug b`}eh s` hrnixnsh}huhn}ej `k hbbhesorh hihdhksu `b sjh sjh}nqy}hinso`kujoq nkc `k hbbhesorh dhnku `b snoi`}okl sjh}hinso`kujoq s` sjh okcorocxni qnsohks *K`}e}ùu)=11>/+ Sjho} }hq`}s nsshdqsu s` hk}oej sjh couexuuo`k`b hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu my hdqjnuovokl sjhbokcokl sjns }hinso`kujoq bnes`}u nee`xks b`} ns ihnusnu dxej `b sjh `xse`dh rn}onkeh ok quyej`sjh}nqynu s}hnsdhks shejko~xh `} uej`ì `b sjh}nqy*@}iokugy) L}n|h) " Qn}gu) >??37 Lhiu` " Jnyhu)

>??:7 Joii " @M}ohk) >???7 \ndqìc) =11>7K`}e}ùu) =11=/+ Ok n dnkkh} uodoin} s` sjh NQNSnug B`}eh `k Hdqo}oeniiy Uxqq`}shc S}hnsdhksu)sjh Corouo`k `b Quyej`sjh}nqy Snug B`}eh ochksobohc}hinso`kujoq bnes`}u e`kuoch}hc nu chd`kus}nmiyhbbhesorh nkc sjùh e`kuoch}hc nu q}`douokl nkcq}`mnmiy hbbhesorh+ Nd`kl sjùh e`kuoch}hc nuchd`kus}nmiy hbbhesorh n}h sjh sjh}nqhxsoeniionkeh nkc l`ni e`kuhkuxu nkc eìinm`}nso`k+

M`z =

Chbokoso`k `b Sjh}nqhxsoe Niionkeh

Sjh sh}d sjh}nqhxsoe niionkeh }hbh}u s` sjhus}hklsj `b sjh }hinso`kujoq nkc s}xus mhs|hhk sjhsjh}nqous nkc sjh ejoic `} ncxis eiohks+ E`krhyokl s`sjh ejoic nk xkch}usnkcokl `b jou hzqh}ohkeh nkckhhcu e`ks}omxshu s` sjh chrhi`qdhks `b sjhsjh}nqhxsoe niionkeh+ @sjh} bnes`}u n}h l`nie`kuhkuxu nkc eìinm`}nso`k) sjns ou) nl}hhdhksmhs|hhk sjh sjh}nqous nkc sjh ejoic `} ncxis eiohks `kl`niu `b s}hnsdhks nkc `k j`| s` nejohrh sjh l`niu+N }hehks n}soeih my Ujo}g nkc Gn}rh} *=115/ nccuhdqo}oeni uxqq`}s s` sjh n}lxdhks sjns }hinso`kujoqrn}onmihu e`ks}omxsh uolkoboenksiy s` sjh q}hcoeso`k`b s}hnsdhks `xse`dh ok ejoic nkc ncìhuehksquyej`sjh}nqy+

Os ou odq`}snks s` k`sh sjns hrhk sjou Snug B`}ehusxcyokl }hinso`kujoqu xuhu ueohksoboe hrochkeh s`lxoch q}nesoeh+ Bx}sjh}d`}h) `kh `b sjho} b`x}q}nesoeni }he`ddhkcnso`ku ou sjou6 E`kex}}hks xuh`b hdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shc }hinso`kujoqu nkchdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shc s}hnsdhksu snoi`}hc s` sjhqnsohksu cou`}ch} nkc ejn}nesh}ousoeu ou ioghiy s`lhkh}nsh sjh mhus `xse`dhu *K`}e}ùu) =11>/+ \he`xic k`s nl}hh d`}h+ Sjh ~xniosy `b sjh}hinso`kujoq mhs|hhk sjh sjh}nqous nkc eiohks oujoljiy q}hcoesorh `b s}hnsdhks `xse`dh nkc ou nusn}sokl qòks b`} nky shejko~xh couexuuhc jh}h+

M@Z 5

\jy c` |h xuh u` dnky xkq}`rhk s}hnsdhksu nkc u` bh| hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu0

Sj}hh N}lxdhksu nlnokus Xuokl HMS

>/ K`s nii s}hnsdhksu n}h hnuy s` usxcy+ E`lkosorh sjh}nqy nkc mhjnro`} sjh}nqy n}h hnuoh} s` xuh ok nkhzqh}odhksni uhssokl sjnk u`dh `sjh} sjh}nqohu+

S}xh) os ou hnuoh} s` usxcy n |hii$chue}omhc s}hnsdhks uxej nu e`lkosorh sjh}nqy `} hzqùx}h nkc }huq`kuhq}hrhkso`k b}`d mhjnro`} sjh}nqy) sjnk) uny) n}s sjh}nqy `} |jns ou eniihc okuoljs$`}ohkshc sjh}nqy+ J`|hrh})|joih u`dh s}hnsdhksu doljs mh jn}c s` chue}omh) sjh }huxisu `b sjùh s}hnsdhksu uj`xic mh eihn} nkc uxmfhess` hzndoknso`k6 \jns cobboexisy ok sjh ejoic `} sjh bndoiy n}h |h s}yokl s` jhiq dhkc0 Jnrh sjoklu ejnklhc


14/27


ok nky |ny b`} sjh mhssh}0 \`xic u`dh`kh |j` c`huks gk`| ob |h q}`rochc nky s}hnsdhks `} k`s nl}hh sjnssjh}h jnc mhhk ejnklh ok sjh ejoic `} sjh bndoiy0 K` dnssh} j`| cobboexis os ou s` chbokh |jns os ou |h n}hcòkl ok s}hnsdhks) |h usoii jnrh nk `miolnso`k s` sjh ejoic}hk nkc bndoiohu |h |`}g |osj s` xuh dhsj`cu sjns|oii |`}g) sjns |oii k`s mh jn}dbxi) sjns |oii mh eùs$hbbhesorh) nkc |oii |`}g mhssh} sjnk `sjh} dhsj`cu

nrnoinmih+

=/ U`dh s}hnsdhksu jnrhks mhhk usxcohc |hii hk`xlj s` dngh n cheouo`k nm`xs sjho} hbbhesorhkhuu+ Nbsh}nii) e`lkosorh sjh}nqy nkc mhjnro`} sjh}nqy |h}h kh| ns `kh qòks) s``) mhb`}h usxcohu uj`|hc sjho}

hbbhesorhkhuu+

S}xh) nkc |h |`xic k`s |nks s` hiodoknsh sjh chrhi`qdhks nkc couexuuo`k `b kh| s}hnsdhks `} coudouuochnu sjns n}h kh| nkc xkshushc+ J`|hrh}) os |`xic mh o}}huq`kuomih s` xuh s}hnsdhksu sjns ineg hrochkeh `} nu`xkc sjh`}hsoeni mnuou+ \jhk n q}nesoso`kh} |nksu s` xuh nk xkuxqq`}shc s}hnsdhks |jhk nk hrochkeh$mnuhcs}hnsdhks hzousu) os |`xic mh nqq}`q}onsh s` couexuu sjh s}hnsdhks `qso`ku |osj sjh bndoiy mhb`}h q}èhhcokl|osj s}hnsdhks+ Hrhk sjhk) |h |`xic khhc s` mh rh}y en}hbxi nm`xs shiiokl sjh ejoic nkc bndoiy |jns |h

|`xic e`kuoch} s` mh n uxeehuubxi `xse`dh b}`d s}hnsdhks) sjns ou) j`| |h |`xic cheoch ob sjh dhsj`c |nuuxeehuubxi `} k`s mhb`}h |h mhlok s}hnsdhks+ @sjh}|ouh) |h }oug sjh jokcuoljs monu6 nuuxdokl n iokg mhs|hhku`dh ejnklh ok sjh ejoic nkc `x} oksh}rhkso`k) hrhk sj`xlj |h e`xic k`s q}hcoes uxej n ejnklh ok ncrnkeh+

5/ O uqhks yhn}u lhssokl s}nokhc+ Dnky qh`qih }huqhes |jns O c`+ O c`ks jnrh sjh sodh `} sjh d`khy s`}hs}nok+

Sjou ou n rh}y hzeosokl sodh ok sjh bohic `b quyejì`ly+ \h jnrh dnky bokh }huhn}ejh}u |j` |nks sòkrhusolnsh einodu mhokl dnch nkc jhiq xu chrhi`q nkc }hbokh sjh s`ìu |h khhc s` c` `x} |`}g |hii+ \h niidxus ghhq xq |osj ejnklhu ok ueohkeh nkc gk`|ihclh *hrhk ob os ou eùsiy s` xu/+ B`} dnky yhn}u |hii$hcxenshcqh`qih mhiohrhc nkc snxljs sjns sjh hn}sj |nu bins nkc my unoiokl b`} nky cousnkeh) `kh }oughc eh}snok chnsj+

Mnuhc `k `muh}rnso`ku b}`d uj`}h) os mhendh eihn} s` u`dh sjns sjh roh| `b ujoqu unoiokl n|ny |nu `b n l}ncxnicounqqhn}nkeh) b}`d sjh m`ss`d xq) uxllhusokl n ex}rhc li`mh+ Os s``g e`x}nlh s` unoi `xs) ejniihklokl sjh ìcroh|+ Ok `x} `|k eiokoeni |`}g) |h `bshk nug qh`qih s` sngh n ejnkeh) s}y kh| sjoklu) sngh sjh sodh s` hzndokhsjho} mhjnro`} nkc ejnklh os mnuhc `k kh| okb`}dnso`k+ Ob |h enkk`s c` sjou `x}uhirhu) j`| enk |h nug `sjh}u s`c` u`0 \jy |`xic |h k`s |nks s` ne~xo}h kh| ugoiiu nrnoinmih nkc ejnklh0 _hu) sjh}h ou n eùs s` ejnklh) mxssjh mhkhbosu `b mhokl nmih s` c` `x} f`mu d`}h hbbhesorhiy nkc |osj l}hnsh} e`kbochkeh bn} `xs|holj sjns eùs+

RNIXHU) HROCHKEH$MNUHC S]HNSDHKSNKC ENUUQ

Ok sjh Chein}nso`k `b Okchqhkchkeh) Sj`dnuFhbbh}u`k |}`sh sjh k`| b}h~xhksiy }he`lkovhc|`}cu) \h jìc sjhuh s}xsju s` mh uhib$hrochksN}h sjh}h u`dh uhib$hrochks s}xsju) lxocoklq}okeoqihu) `} rnixhu sjns |h mhiohrh n}h rosni s`q}`rocokl jolj ~xniosy mhjnro`}ni jhnisj uh}roehu sèjoic}hk0 Ok sjou couexuuo`k |h jnrh ejùhk s`hdqjnuovh sjh rnixh `b xuokl ueohksoboe hrochkeh s`

lxoch s}hnsdhks b`} ejoic}hk+ N}h sjh}h `sjh} mnuoenuuxdqso`ku `} rnixhu sjns n}h h~xniiy odq`}snks0

Ihs xu hzndokh Qhkkuyirnkonu lxochiokhu b`}|`}gokl |osj ejoic}hksjh uoz ENUUQ q}okeoqihu*Jnkuhk) =11=/ sjns n}h c}n|k b}`d lhkh}ni uyushd`b en}h q}okeoqihu *Us}`xi nkc B}ohcdnk) >?:2/6

>+ Ejoic$ehksh}hc6 S}hnsdhks oksh}rhkso`kudhhs sjh okcorocxni khhcu `b sjh ejoic)e`kuoch} sjh ejoicu nkc bndoiyu e`ddxkosye`kshzsu) nkc n}h chrhi`qdhksniiy


15/27


nqq}`q}onsh) us}hklsju$mnuhc nkc ejoic$uqheoboe+

=+ Bndoiy$bèxuhc6 S}hnsdhks oksh}rhkso`ku}he`lkovh sjns sjh bndoiy ou sjh q}odn}y

uxqq`}s uyushd b`} sjh ejoic nkc qn}soeoqnshunu n bxii qn}skh} ok nii usnlhu `b sjh cheouo`k$dngokl nkc s}hnsdhks$qinkkokl q}èhuu+

5+ E`ddxkosy$mnuhc6 \jhkhrh} qùuomih)s}hnsdhks ou chiorh}hc ok sjh ejoicu j`dhe`ddxkosy) c}n|okl `k b`}dni nkc okb`}dni}hu`x}ehu s` q}`d`sh sjh ejoicu uxeehuubxiqn}soeoqnso`k ok sjh e`ddxkosy+

3+ Dxiso$uyushd6 S}hnsdhks oksh}rhkso`ku n}hqinkkhc ok eìinm`}nso`k |osj nii sjh ejoic$uh}rokl uyushdu okrìrhc ok sjh ejoicu iobh+

8+ Exisx}niiy e`dqhshks6 Oksh}rhkso`ku}he`lkovh nkc }huqhes sjh mhjnro`}) ochnu)nssosxchu) rnixhu) mhiohbu) exus`du) inklxnlh)}osxniu) eh}hd`kohu nkc q}nesoehuejn}nesh}ousoeu `b sjh ejoicu exisx}ni l}`xq+

2+ Ihnus }hus}oesorhihnus oks}xuorh6 S}hnsdhkssnghu qineh ok uhssoklu sjns n}h sjh ihnus}hus}oesorh nkc oks}xuorh nrnoinmih s` dhhs sjhkhhcu `b sjh ejoic nkc bndoiy+

]hehksiy) Ghssih|hii nkc Jnkuhk *=115/

uxllhushc xuokl hrochkeh$mnuhc eiokoeni usnkcn}cunu nk`sjh} odq`}snks rnixh ok nccoso`k s` sjhuh uoze`}h q}okeoqihu+ @kh e`xic hnuoiy dngh nk n}lxdhkssjns hnej `b sjh uoz Qhkkuyirnkon ENUUQ q}okeoqihuou uhib$hrochks+ B`} hzndqih) dùs `b xu |`xicn}lxh sjns ok s}hnsokl n ejoic |osj nmhjnro`}nihd`so`kni cou`}ch}) u`dh okrìrhdhks `bbndoiy dhdmh}u ok s}hnsdhks ou rosni s` e`ks}omxsh sùxej sjoklu nu lhssokl lxocnkeh nm`xs nkc e`kuhkuxu`k s}hnsdhks l`niu nu |hii nu okeixcokl sjhd nu qn}s`b sjh s}hnsdhks shnd+

C` |h khhc hdqo}oeni uxqq`}s s` bxiiy hkc`}uh nrnixh) uxej sjns |jhk |h ncjh}h s` sjns rnixh |hjnrh hrochkeh sjns mhssh} `xse`dhu b`} ejoic}hkèex}0 Sjns doljs mh n m`kxu+ B`} hzndqih) ob |hjnrh rh}obonmih hrochkeh sjns okeixcokl s}nokokl b`}sjh}nqousu ok exisx}ni e`dqhshkeh |`xic }huxis okmhssh} `xse`dhu sjnk ochksoeni s}hnsdhks q}`l}ndu|osj`xs uxej s}nokokl) sjhk n us}`klh} enuh b`}okeixcokl uxej s}nokokl e`xic mh dnch+ \h n}h

xkn|n}h sjns nky uxej hrochkeh ex}}hksiy hzousu}hinshc s` exisx}ni e`dqhshkeh7 khrh}sjhihuu)}huqhesokl n ejoic nkc bndoiyu exisx}ni `} }hiolo`xumhiohbu ou e`kuoch}hc odq`}snks hk`xlj sjns nisj`xlj

hdqo}oeni hrochkeh |`xic mh ochni) hrochkeh ou k`skhehuun}y b`} fxusoboenso`k mhenxuh uxej n rnixh oue`kuoch}hc uhib$hrochks my dnky `b xu+

\h |ouj s` hdqjnuovh sjns xuokl ueohksoboehrochkeh s` lxoch s}hnsdhks ou k`s e`ks}ncoes`}y s``sjh} uhib$hrochks rnixhu uxej nu ENUUQq}okeoqihu) k`} ou os khehuun}oiy d`}h odq`}snks sjnk`sjh}u+ \h ochksoby os nu ns ihnus `kh `b sjh rosninuuxdqso`ku nm`xs j`| s` q}`roch sjh joljhus~xniosy mhjnro`}ni jhnisj uh}roehu s` ejoic}hk nkc

j`| s` ncrnkeh sjh bohic `b ejoic uh}roehu+ @khe`xic n}lxh sjns u`dh rnixhu) odq`}snks s` `x} |`}g|osj ejoic}hk) uxej nu e`ddxkosy$mnuhc s}hnsdhksnkc exisx}ni e`dqhshkeh) chuh}rh ncrèney hrhk obk` ex}}hks hdqo}oeni hrochkeh b`} sjhd hzousu)nisj`xlj |h |`xic hke`x}nlh n|n}hkhuu `b sjhkhehuuosy b`} hzqi`}nso`k nkc shusokl `b sjhuh ochnu+

SJH ENUH B@] SJH HROCHKEH$MNUHCS]HNSDHKS NQQ]@NEJ

Sjh dùs e`dqhiiokl n}lxdhksu b`} xuokl sjhueohksoboe dhsj`c s` usxcy nkc hrnixnsh s}hnsdhksb`} ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu n}h sjhuh6

>+ Ejoic}hk |oii mh mhssh} uh}rhc+=+ Sjh xuh `b ueohkeh |oii hke`x}nlh ncrnkehu

ok gk`|ihclh u` sjns ejoic}hk |oii mh hrhkmhssh} uh}rhc ok sjh bxsx}h+

5+ \h jnrh n uèoni) d`}ni) nkc hsjoeni`miolnso`k s` q}`roch sjh mhus nrnoinmihs}hnsdhksu+

3+ \h dxus qxs iodoshc dhksni jhnisj }hu`x}ehub`} ejoic}hk s` sjh mhus xuh qùuomih+

EX]]HKS USNSH @B SJH HROCHKEH

Hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu enk mh qinehc oksènshl`}ohu mnuhc `k sjh us}hklsj `b sjh ueohksoboehrochkeh sjns uxqq`}su sjho} hbboeney+ Mhenxuh`xse`dh }huhn}ej e`ksokxhu s` mh e`kcxeshc nkcqxmioujhc) sjh neex}ney `b nky }hroh| `b hrochkeh$


16/27


mnuhc s}hnsdhks ou iodoshc s` n qn}soexin} qh}o`c oksodh+ Nisj`xlj n e`dqihsh nkc chbokosorh }hroh| `bhrochkeh nm`xs s}hnsdhksu b`} ejoic}hk nkcncìhuehksu ou mhy`kc sjh ue`qh `b sjou n}soeih) |h

n}h n|n}h sjns bokcokl neex}nsh nkc hnuoiy neehuuomihokb`}dnso`k nm`xs hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhks enk mhn ejniihklh b`} q}nesoso`kh}u+ Sjh}hb`}h) |h jnrhniu` |}osshk n uxddn}y `b ex}}hks uxqq`}s *`} ineg`b uxqq`}s/ b`} quyejùèoni s}hnsdhksu ok b`x}enshl`}ohu6 Husnmioujhc) Q}`douokl) Xkeihn}) nkcXkuxqq`}shc+ Sjou uxddn}y |oii mh nrnoinmih b}`dsjh Okusosxsh ns n insh} qòks+ Ok sjou uhe`kc n}soeih)Ex}}hks Usnsh `b sjh Hrochkeh) |h q}`roch nuxddn}y `b sjh hrochkeh nm`xs quyejons}oedhcoenso`k b`} ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu+ Sjou

uxddn}y ou okshkchc s` mh oiixus}nsorh }nsjh} sjnkhzjnxusorh+ Ghy }hbh}hkehu b`} hnej q}`mihdc`dnok n}h q}`rochc ok qn}hksjhuhu s` nuuous sjh}hnch} ok iènsokl nccoso`kni okb`}dnso`k+ Ok sjouuheso`k |h niu` q}`roch n uxddn}y `b sjh ex}}hkshrochkeh nm`xs quyejons}oe dhcoenso`k b`} ejoic}hknkc ncìhuehksu+

\JNS N Q]NESOSO@KH] ENK C@

Os ou hnuy b`} q}nesoso`kh}u s` bhhi `rh}|jhidhc

mhenxuh sjh lnq mhs|hhk `x} ueohkeh nkc j`| |hq}nesoeh ok nqqiohc uhssoklu enk mh uxmusnksoni+Hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu b`} ejoic}hk nkcncìhuehksu |osj mhjnro`} nkc hd`so`kni q}`mihduchd`kus}nsh m`sj q}`douh nkc e`ks}`rh}uy+ \hj`qh sjns sjou n}soeih jnu }hrhnihc sjh mhkhbos `bq}nesoso`kh}u `b xuokl shejko~xhu nkc us}nshlohu sjnsn}h hrochkeh$mnuhc) okeixcokl sjùh us}nshlohu sjnsbèxu `k husnmioujokl sjh eiohks$sjh}nqous}hinso`kujoq+

\jns) sjhk) n}h u`dh }hnu`knmih ushqu sjnsq}nesoso`kh}u enk nkc uj`xic sngh s` mhe`dhq}nesoso`kh}u$lxochc$my$ueohkeh0

Usny Okb`}dhc

K`s nii u`x}ehu `b dhksni jhnisj okb`}dnso`k n}hh~xniiy rnioc+ \hmuoshu n}h k`s`}o`xuiy

xkq}hcoesnmih ok ihrhi `b ~xniosy+ M``gu nkc m``gejnqsh}u `} `sjh} qxmioenso`ku sjns n}h k`sqhh}}hroh|hc) sjns ou) sjhy jnrh k`s mhhk uxmfhes s`}hroh| nkc e}osoeoud my `sjh} q}`bhuuo`kniu ok sjhbohic) uj`xic mh xuhc |osj l}hns enxso`k+ Ok sjoudnkxue}oqs |h q}`roch eosnso`ku `b }hqxsnmih |hmuoshu nkc }hbh}hkehu s` jhiq ghhq eiokoeonkuokb`}dhc+ E`kuxis sjhd |osj e`kbochkeh+Nccoso`kniiy) e`ksokxh s` e`ddos s` nk `klòklq}èhuu `b usnyokl okb`}dhc nm`xs hrochkeh$mnuhcs}hnsdhksu nkc hrochkeh$mnuhc sjh}nqhxsoe bnes`}u+

Jnrh n Jhnisjy Ughqsoeni Nssosxch

Gk`|ihclh nkc ueohkeh jnrh ni|nyu mhhkuh}rhc |hii my sjùh |osj n ughqsoeni nssosxch+ Mnuoenuuxdqso`ku khhc s` mh ejniihklhc) |jhsjh} sjhyn}h nuuxdqso`ku nm`xs sjh |`}ic mhokl bins `}nuuxdqso`ku sjns s}nxdnsoe hzqh}ohkehu }huxis ok}hq}huuhc dhd`}ohu+ N ehks}ni e`kehqs `b sjhueohksoboe dhsj`c ou sjh q}okeoqih `b bniuobonmoiosy6ueohksoboe hzqh}odhksu khhc s` mh husnmioujhc sjns

enk bniuoby `} couq}`rh n qn}soexin} roh|qòks `} ochn*Q`qqh}) >?8?/+ Eiokoeonku }hroh|okl `} uhihesokls}hnsdhks nqq}`nejhu khhc s` chrhi`q nk nssosxch `buj`| dh sjh hrochkeh+ Hzndqihu nm`xkc `bodq`}snks ~xhuso`ku sjns }h~xo}h cnsn+ \jh}h ou sjhhrochkeh sjns n kh|h} dhcoenso`k q}`cxehu mhssh}eiokoeni }huxisu b`} ejoic}hk |osj NCJC sjnkusodxinks dhcoenso`k0 \jh}h ou sjh hrochkeh sjns nqn}soexin} hcxenso`kni nqq}`nej iogh |jìh inklxnlhokus}xeso`k e`ks}omxshu s` odq}`rhc }hncoklnejohrhdhks0 \jh}h ou sjh hrochkeh sjns okqnsohks

s}hnsdhks b`} ncìhuehks c}xl nmxuh}u |`}gu mhssh}sjnk `xsqnsohks s}hnsdhks0 Sjh q}èhuu `be`ksokxokl s` nug sjhuh ~xhuso`ku *jnrokl n jhnisjyughqsoeni nssosxch/ ou nu odq`}snks nu |joej~xhuso`ku n}h nughc nkc |jns sjh nku|h}u n}h+


17/27


M`z 3

\jhk Os E`dhu s` Dhksni Jhnisj S}hnsdhks) Mh n Ughqsoe6I``g b`} sjh Mni`khy Bnes`}u

Ni|nyu nug6 \jns c` y`x dhnk0

\nsej `xs b`} ueohksoboe u`xkcokl fn}l`k *u`dhsodhu eniihc `muex}nksous inklxnlh/)mhenxuh os s}ohu s` `muex}h sjh s}xsj+ Ob os u`xkcu bnkey) mxs y`x fxus enks uhh sjh dhnkoklmhjokc os) nug+ Ob y`x usoii c`ks bìi`|) nkc sjh q}huhksh} odqiohu sjns sjh}h ou n q}`mihd|osj y`x b`} nugokl) mh rh}y uxuqoeo`xu+

Ni|nyu nug) Ou sjh}h nky iokg s` nky neehqshc sjh`}y `} q}nesoeh0Ni|nyu nug J`| c` y`x gk`|0

Ou sjh}h nk `rh}$}hionkeh `k shusod`koni nkc nkhec`sni hrochkeh0 Ou sjh}h nk `rh}$nqqioenso`k `b sjh s}hnsdhks s` i`su `b cou`}ch}u) }hln}cihuu `b j`| sjhy

doljs `} doljs k`s mh }hinshc s` hnej `sjh}0

Ou sjh}h nk nròcnkeh `b }hroh| `} e}osoeoud my eìihnlxhu `} `sjh} q}`bhuuo`kniu0 \oii y`x mh ùs}neovhc my sjh q}huhksh} `} `sjh} sjh}nqousu b`} e}osoeovokl u`dh nuqhes `b

sjh sjh`}y `} q}nesoeh0

Ou sjh}h nk `rh}hdqjnuou `k e`kbo}dnso`k *nl}hhokl |osj/) okushnc `b }hbxsnso`k *n}lxoklnlnokus/0 L``c ueohkeh |oii l` `xs `b osu |ny s` s}y s` q}`rh n sjh`}y `} ochn |}`kl+ Mncueohkeh `kiy i``gu b`} okb`}dnso`k sjns uxqq`}su osu sjh`}y+

Ou sjh}h d`}h `b nk hdqjnuou `k y`x) sjh ~xhuso`kh}) s` q}`rh sjh sjh`}y `} einod |}`kl)okushnc `b `k sjh q}huhksh} s` q}`rh sjh einod0*Ioiohkbhic) hs ni+ =11=) Ln}m " M`yih) =11=/

Ob y`x nku|h}hc `kh `} d`}h `b sjh uhe`kc uhs `b ~xhuso`ku |osj yhu) mh rh}y ughqsoeni nm`xssjh einodu b`} xuokl sjh s}hnsdhks+

Hrnixnsh _`x} @|k \`}g

Dùs eiokoeonku c` k`s e`kcxes }huhn}ej) b`}l``c }hnu`k+ \h c` k`s syqoeniiy jnrh sjh sodh `}

sjh uxqq`}s s` c` u`+ J`|hrh}) hrhk ob u`dh `b xuej`ùh s` mh bxii sodh eiokoeonku nkc k`s ueohksousu)|h uj`xic dngh ns ihnus n d`chus hbb`}s s` eìihesu`dh cnsn nm`xs sjh uh}roehu |h q}`roch+ Os e`xic mhok sjh b`}d `b ~xnuo$hzqh}odhksni `} uoklih enuhchuolku }nsjh} sjnk }nkc`diy e`ks}ìihc s}oniu) `} ose`xic mh chue}oqsorh cnsn eìiheso`k+ Hzndqihuokeixch eìihesokl okb`}dnso`k nm`xs |joej syqhu `bejoic}hk nkc bndoiohu hksh} s}hnsdhks |osj y`x*nlhu) conlkùhu) |jhsjh} sjhy n}h }hehorokl `sjh}uh}roehu) ob sjhy jnrh chrhi`qdhksni `} ihn}kokl

q}`mihdu) hse+/) usny ok s}hnsdhks) nkc |joej c}`q`xs) `} nugokl ejoic}hk nkc sjho} bndoiohu nm`xs |jnssjoklu |h}h dùs jhiqbxi nkc ihnus jhiqbxi ok nqn}soexin} sjh}nqy uhuuo`k+ Sjhuh syqhu `b }nsjh}

us}noljs$b`}|n}c dhsj`cu e`xic mh e`kcxeshc myokcorocxni eiokoeonku `} udnii l}`xqu `b eiokoeonku+Sjh Qhkkuyirnkon Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k ouex}}hksiy chrhi`qokl n d`chi `b uxqq`}s b`}}huhn}ej |osj eiokoeonku ok osu Q}nesoeh ]huhn}ejKhs|`}g nesorosohu *|||+qnquy+e`d/+

Ncrènsh b`} Hbbhesorhkhuu ]huhn}ej

Ok nccoso`k s` hrnixnsokl `x} `|k |`}g) |h khhcs` ncrènsh b`} `sjh}u s` e`kcxes hbbhesorhkhuu


18/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh >< =118

}huhn}ej *Ghssih|hii) =113/+ Sjou e`xic mh ok sjhb`}d `b jhiqokl husnmiouj n qìoey ok nk nlhkey sjnse`kcxesokl `xse`dh }huhn}ej uj`xic mh ne`dq`khks `b hrh}y uqheoboe q}`l}nd nk nlhkey

`bbh}u+ @sjh} |nyu s` ncrènsh |`xic mh s`hke`x}nlh ihlouins`}u nkc q}`l}nd ncdokous}ns`}u sòkeixch d`khy b`} hbbhesorhkhuu }huhn}ej nu nqh}ehksnlh *uxej nu 8(/ `b sjh niiènso`k `b bxkcub`} uh}roehu+ Q}`rocokl sjou syqh `b bxkcokl |oii jhiqnuux}h sjns |h n}h uqhkcokl d`khy |ouhiy ok `x}hbb`}su s` uh}rh ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu+

Ob _`x \`}g ok nk Nqqiohc Uhssokl) Nug^xhuso`ku nm`xs Hrochkeh

Nii n}hnu `b jhnisj en}h bneh uh}o`xu boknkeoniejniihklhu+ \joih }hrhkxh ou e}osoeni s` sjh ux}rorni`b nky s}hnsdhks q}`l}nd) |h dxus nug ~xhuso`kunm`xs hrochkeh s` uxqq`}s sjh hbbhesorhkhuu `buqheoboe eiokoeni uh}roehu mhokl `bbh}hc+ Mh sjhqh}u`k |j` ou gk`|k s` nug ns ncdokous}nsorhdhhsoklu `} ihesx}hu sjh ~xhuso`ku uxej nu) \jnshrochkeh hzousu s` uxqq`}s sjns |jns |h}h còkl ou nl``c ochn) ou jhiqbxi) `} ou hbbhesorh0 \h enknbboionsh |osj q}`bhuuo`kni `}lnkovnso`ku sjnshke`x}nlh }huhn}ej nm`xs s}hnsdhks nkc osu

couuhdoknso`k+Ok sjh Nqqhkcoz |h ious |hmuoshu nkc

`}lnkovnso`k sjns rnixh }huhn}ej nm`xs s}hnsdhksub`} ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu nkc hke`x}nlh osucouuhdoknso`k+ \h enk fòk `} qn}soeoqnsh ok `kh `}d`}h `b sjùh l}`xqu nkc uxqq`}s sjou nlhkcn+

Ob \h Q}`roch S}hnsdhks b`} \joej Sjh}h OuK` `} Iodoshc Cnsn nm`xs S}hnsdhksHbbhesorhkhuu) Chrhi`q n ]hniousoe nkcJxdmih Nssosxch

Ihrossu nuuh}so`k sjns quyej`sjh}nqy b`}ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu |nu k` mhssh} sjnk sjhqnuunlh `b sodh *Ihross) >?8?25/ |nu n u`mh}okldhuunlh s` eiokoeonku ns sjns sodh+ Hrhk sj`xljuxmusnksoni ncrnkehu ok m`sj }huhn}ej nkc sjhchrhi`qdhks `b sjh}nqhxsoe oksh}rhkso`ku *uxej nue`lkosorh nkc mhjnro`} sjh}nqy/ jnrh èex}}hc uokeh

sjns sodh) |h usoii khhc d`}h hrochkeh sjns eiokoeniuh}roehu q}`rochc ok nqqiohc uhssoklu n}h hbbhesorh*\houv hs ni) >??8n/+ Os |`xic mh koeh ob |h e`xicnss}omxsh qùosorh ejnklh s` `x} oksh}rhkso`ku) mxs

|jns ob |h}h fxus ni`kl b`} sjh }och nkc sjh ejoic|`xic jnrh odq}`rhc `k jou `} jh} `|k0 Ok `sjh}|`}cu) |h n}h usoii |`}gokl `k sjh nku|h} s` sjh~xhuso`k6 \jns q}èhcx}hu nkc shejko~xhu |`}g b`}|joej ejoic}hk nkc |joej `khu |`}g mhssh} sjnkk`sjokl ns nii0 \h |`xic nii mh |ouh s` }hdhdmh}Ihrossu e`keixuo`k nkc mh enxso`xu nkc jxdmihnm`xs einodu }hln}cokl sjh hbbhesorhkhuu `b sjhuh}roehu |h q}`roch+ Sjh ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu|h s}hns |oii mh mhssh} uh}rhc ob |h nc`qs sjnsnssosxch+

E@KEIXUO@K

Sjùh `b xu q}nesoso`kh}u |j` us}`kliy uxqq`}ssjh odq`}snkeh `b xuokl ueohksoboe hrochkeh s` lxochq}nesoeh n}h niu` nexshiy n|n}h sjns os ou xk}hniousoeb`} q}nesoso`kh}u s` q}`roch `kiy hrochkeh$mnuhcs}hnsdhksu mhenxuh `b uhrh}ni e`dqioensokl bnes`}usjns hzous ok nqqiohc uhssoklu+ Nd`kl sjùhe`dqioensokl bnes`}u n}h dxisoqih conlkùhu `bejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu) e`dqihz bndoiy bnes`}u)

nkc iodoshc okb`}dnso`k mhokl nrnoinmih nm`xshbbhesorh s}hnsdhks b`} dnky cou`}ch}u+Khrh}sjhihuu) |h jnrh nk `miolnso`k s` usnyokb`}dhc nm`xs }huhn}ej bokcoklu nkc nqqiy sjnsokb`}dnso`k nu mhus |h enk s` uh}rh ejoic}hk nkcncìhuehksu ok khhc `b en}h+ Q}`rocokl nkhzqh}odhksni `} xkq}`rhk s}hnsdhks okushnc `b ngk`|k hbboeneo`xu s}hnsdhks *b`} hzndqih)}he`ddhkcokl qiny sjh}nqy `rh} qn}hksdnknlhdhks s}nokokl b`} n ejoic |osj `qqùoso`knichbonks cou`}ch}/ |`xic mh o}}huq`kuomih+ \h dxus

dnoksnok n jhnisjy chl}hh `b ughqsoeoud s`|n}cxkuxqq`}shc s}hnsdhks nkc uhhg `xs nkc nqqiyhrochkeh$mnuhc shejko~xhu |osjok sjh e`kshzs `b nuìoc sjh}nqhxsoe niionkeh+ Nu q}nesoso`kh}u$lxochc$my$ueohkeh |h |oii q}`d`sh sjh ueohkeh nkcokshl}osy `b dhksni jhnisj uh}roehu) nkc d`}hodq`}snksiy) mhssh} nkc d`}h e`kbochksiy uh}rhejoic}hk) ncìhuehksu) nkc sjho} bndoiohu+


19/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh >: =118

Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Qj+C+) ou Uheso`k Ejohb `b Qhcons}oe Quyejì`ly nkc Co}hes`} `b sjh Eiokoeni Quyejì`lyOksh}kujoq Q}`l}nd ns Lhouoklh} Dhcoeni Ehksh} ok Cnkroiih) QN+ Jh hn}khc jou cès`}nsh ok eiokoeni quyejì`ly

b}`d M`|iokl L}hhk Usnsh Xkorh}uosy nkc e`dqihshc jou oksh}kujoq ns Okconkn Xkorh}uosy Uej`ì `b Dhcoeokh+Jh ou Qnus Q}huochks `b sjh Qhkkuyirnkon Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k nkc jnu oksh}husu ok s}hnsdhks `xse`dh}huhn}ej nkc |nyu s` jhiq q}nesoso`kh}u mh lxochc my ueohkeh+

Dn}ìyk D`}b`}c) Qj+C+) ou sjh co}hes`} `b sjh Ehksh} b`} Ejoic nkc Ncxis Chrhi`qdhks ok Usnsh Eìihlh+ Ujh}hehorhc jh} Qj+C+ b}`d sjh Xkorh}uosy `b Ejoenl` ok Hcxenso`kni Quyejì`ly) uqhkcokl uhrh}ni yhn}u ni`kl sjh|ny nu q}`fhes dnknlh} b`} n dxiso$uosh usxcy `b ejoic}hk |osj nxsoud uqhes}xd cou`}ch}u nkc sjho} bndoiohu+ Ujhjnu d`}h sjnk =8 yhn}u `b hzqh}ohkeh |`}gokl |osj ejoic}hk nkc sjho} bndoiohu ok n rn}ohsy `b e`kshzsu+ Mhuochujh} q}nesoeh) ujh hkf`yu e`kuxisokl |osj uej`ìu) nlhkeohu nkc okcorocxniu |j` q}`roch co}hes en}h s` ejoic}hknkc sjho} bndoiohu) nkc lorokl q}huhksnso`ku s` q}`bhuuo`kni nkc e`ddxkosy l}`xqu s` oke}hnuh n|n}hkhuu `bejoic chrhi`qdhks) mhjnro`}) nkc s}hnsdhks+

Jhnsjh} J``rh}) Qj+C+) ou n Eiokoeni Quyejì`lous uqheoniovokl ok Ejoic Eiokoeni nkc Qhcons}oe Quyejì`ly nsLhouoklh} Dhcoeni Ehksh} ok Cnkroiih) QN+ Ujh hn}khc jh} cès`}nsh ok Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly b}`d N}ov`kn UsnshXkorh}uosy nkc e`dqihshc jh} Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly oksh}kujoq) Qhcons}oe Quyejì`ly bhii`|ujoq) nkc Qhcons}oeKhx}`quyejì`ly bhii`|ujoq ns Lhouoklh} Dhcoeni Ehksh}+ Jh} dnok n}hnu `b oksh}hus nkc q}nesoeh ex}}hksiyokeixch6 Qhcons}oe quyejì`ly) e`lkosorh$mhjnro`}ni sjh}nqy) mhjnro`} d`coboenso`k) q}`mihd$uìrokl ugoiius}nokokl) odqihdhksnso`k nkc hrnixnso`k `b hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu) nkc quyejì`loeni nuuhuudhks okeixcoklNCJC nuuhuudhks) chrhi`qdhksni nuuhuudhksu |osj uqheoniovnso`k ok q}huej`ì$nlh ejoic}hk nkc ihn}koklcounmoiosy nuuhuudhksu b`} uej`ì$nlh ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu+

=118


20/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh >? =118

NQQHKCOZ

\jh}h s` Bokc Okb`}dnso`k `k Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks b`} Ejoic}hk nkc Ncìhuehksu

\hmuoshu

Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k Corouo`k 856jssq6|||+EiokoeniEjoicQuyejì`ly+`}lUèohsy `b Eiokoeni Ejoic nkc Ncìhuehks Quyejì`ly

Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k Corouo`k 836 jssq6|||+Nqn+`}lcorouo`kucor83Uèohsy `b Qhcons}oe Quyejì`ly

Mohkkoni E`kbh}hkeh `k Hdqo}oeniiy Uxqq`}shc S}hnsdhksu b`} Ejoic nkc Ncìhuehks Dhksni Jhnisj

Q}`mihdu6 jssq6|||+uqheonihrhksu+mxbbni`+hcxkonln}n

E`$uq`ku`}hc my sjh Xkorh}uosy `b Mxbbni` nkc NQN Corouo`k 85

Gnkunu E`kbh}hkeh ok Eiokoeni Ejoic nkc Ncìhuehks Quyejì`ly6 |||+gxeh+`}lE`$uq`ku`}hc my sjh Xkorh}uosy `b Gnkunu Eiokoeni Ejoic Quyejì`ly Q}`l}nd nkc NQN Corouo`k 85*Sjou e`kbh}hkeh) xuxniiy jhic ok sjh bnii nkkxniiy `} mohkkoniiy) ou n b`}xd b`} }huhn}ej q}huhksnso`ku sjns jhiqs}nkuinsh ueohkeh b`} eiokoeni q}nesoeh+ Sjh dùs }hehks Gnkunu e`kbh}hkeh èex}}hc ok @es`mh} =113+/

Mixhq}oksu b`} Roìhkeh Q}hrhkso`k6

Ehksh} b`} sjh Usxcy nkc Q}hrhkso`k `b RoìhkehXkorh}uosy `b Eì`}nc`jssq6|||+eì`}nc`+hcxeuqr

*Sjou uosh q}`rochu okb`}dnso`k `k hrochkeh$mnuhc nqq}`nejhu b`} q}hrhksokl uxmusnkeh nmxuh) chiok~xhkey) nkcnuuèonshc dhksni jhnisj q}`mihdu+ Sjou okb`}dnso`k uj`xic mh huqheoniiy dhnkoklbxi s` q}`bhuuo`kniu |`}goklns n uyushdu ihrhi s` odqihdhks hrochkeh$mnuhc nkc eùs$hbbhesorh nqq}`nejhu+ U`dh `b sjh oksh}rhkso`kucouexuuhc mhi`|) h+l+) sjh Oke}hcomih _hn}u Q}`l}nd nkc Dxisouyushdoe Sjh}nqy) n}h okeixchc ok sjou ious+/

Ehksh} b`} Uxmusnkeh Nmxuh Q}hrhkso`k6 jssq6|||+d`chiq}`l}ndu+undjun+l`rX+U+ Chqn}sdhks `b Jhnisj nkc Jxdnk Uh}roehu*Sjou uosh q}`rochu okb`}dnso`k `k q}`l}ndu sjns jnrh q}hrhkshc `} }hcxehc uxmusnkeh nmxuh nkc `sjh} }hinshcjolj$}oug mhjnro`}u+ Q}`l}ndu okeixchc jnrh mhhk }hroh|hc my UNDJUNu Knso`kni ]hlous}y `b HbbhesorhQ}`l}ndu *K]HQ/+ Sjou |hmuosh uh}rhu nu n e`dq}hjhkuorh }hu`x}eh b`} nky`kh oksh}hushc ok ihn}kokl nm`xsnkc`} odqihdhksokl sjhuh q}`l}ndu+/

Knso`kni Okusosxsh `b Dhksni Jhnisj6 jssq6|||+kodj+l`r

Knso`kni Lxochiokh Eihn}oklj`xuh6 jssq6lxochiokh+l`r*KLE ou n qxmioe }hu`x}eh b`} hrochkeh$mnuhc eiokoeni q}nesoeh lxochiokhu+ KLE ou uq`ku`}hc my sjh Nlhkey b`}Jhnisjen}h ]huhn}ej nkc ^xniosy *NJ]^/) X+U+ Chqn}sdhks `b Jhnisj nkc Jxdnk Uh}roehu) ok qn}skh}ujoq |osjsjh Ndh}oenk Dhcoeni Nuuèonso`k nkc sjh Ndh}oenk Nuuèonso`k `b Jhnisj Qinku+/

Ndh}oenk Nuuèonso`k `b Mhjnro`} Sjh}nqy6 |||+nnms+`}l


21/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh =1 =118

Sjh Uèohsy `b Mhjnro`}ni Dhcoeokh6 |||+umd+`}l

Sjh Qhkkuyirnkon Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k6 |||+qnquy+`}l

Vh}` s` Sj}hh6 |||+vh}`s`sj}hh+`}l

E`xkeoi b`} Hzehqso`kni Ejoic}hk6 |||+ehe+uqhc+`}l

Knso`kni Nuuèonso`k b`} sjh Hcxenso`k `b _`xkl Ejoic}hk *KNH_E/6 |||+knhye+`}l

Sjh Oksh}coueoqiokn}y E`xkeoi `k Chrhi`qdhksni nkc Ihn}kokl Cou`}ch}u *OECI/6 |||+oeci+e`d

Dhcuenqh6 |||+dhcuenqh+e`d

Knso`kni Nuuèonso`k `b Uèoni \`}gh}u6 |||+knu|ce+`}l

M``gu

Ej}ous`qjh}u`k) H+ ]+ " D`}su|hhs) U+ I+ *=11>/+ S}hnsdhksu Sjns \`}g \osj Ejoic}hk6 Hdqo}oeniiy Uxqq`}shcUs}nshlohu b`} Dnknlokl Ejoicj``c Q}`mihdu+ \nujokls`k) CE6 Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k+

B`knly) Q+) Sn}lhs) D+) E`ss}hii) C+) Qjoiioqu) F+) " Gx}sv) V+ *=11=/+ \jns \`}gu b } \j`d0 N E}osoeni]hroh| `b S}hnsdhksu b`} Ejoic}hk nkc Ncìhuehksu+ Kh| _`}g6 Lxoib`}c Q}huu+

Jommu) H+ C+) " Fhkuhk) Q+ *Hcu+/) *>??2/+ Quyejì`loeni S}hnsdhks ]huhn}ej `b Ejoic nkc Ncìhuehks

Cou`}ch}u6 Hdqo}oeniiy Mnuhc Us}nshlohu b`} Eiokoeni Q}nesoeh+ \nujokls`k) CE6 Ndh}oenkQuyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k+

Jxljhu) F+ K+) In L}hen) N+ D+) nkc E`kìhy) F+ E+ *Hcu+/+ *=11>/+ Jnkcm``g `b Quyejì`loeni Uh}roehu b`}Ejoic}hk nkc Ncìhuehksu+ Kh| _`}g6 @zb`}c Xkorh}uosy Q}huu+

Sjh Oke}hcomih _hn}u Qn}hks nkc Shnejh} S}nokokl Q}`l}nd S}hnsdhks Dnkxniu nkc rochù enk mh `}ch}hc ns6jssq6|||+oke}hcomihyhn}u+e`d

Gnvcok) N+ H+ *=111/+ Quyej`sjh}nqy b`} Ejoic}hk nkc Ncìhuehksu6 Co}heso`ku b`} ]huhn}ej nkc Q}nesoeh+ Kh|_`}g6 @zb`}c Xkorh}uosy Q}huu+

Gnvcok) N+ H+) " \houv) F+ ]+ *=115/+ Hrochkeh$Mnuhc Quyej`sjh}nqohu b`} Ejoic}hk nkc Ncìhuehksu+ Kh|_`}g6 Lxoib`}c Q}huu+

Ghkcnii) Q+ E+ *Hc+/) *=111/+ Ejoic nkc Ncìhuehks Sjh}nqy6 E`lkosorh$Mhjnro`}ni Q}èhcx}hu *=kc

hc+/+ Kh|_`}g6 Lxoib`}c Q}huu+

Ioiohkbhic) U+) Iykk) U+) " I`j}) F+ *=115/+ Ueohkeh nkc Quhxcùeohkeh ok Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly+ Kh| _`}g6Lxoib`}c Q}huu+


22/27

Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh => =118

Knsjnk) Q+ H+ " L`}dnk) F+ D+ *Hcu+/+ *=11=/+ N Lxoch s` S}hnsdhksu sjns \`}g *=kc hc+/+ Kh| _`}g6 @zb`}cXkorh}uosy Q}huu+

Qnssh}u`ku Iorokl \osj Ejoic}hk m``g enk mh `}ch}hc ns6 jssq6|||+ejoicu|`}g+e`d

Qjhiqu) I+) M}`|k) ]+ S+) " Q`|h}) S+ F+ *=11=/+ Qhcons}oe Quyej`qjn}dneì`ly6 E`dmokokl Dhcoeni nkcQuyejùèoni Oksh}rhkso`ku+ \nujokls`k) CE6 Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k+

Uej}`hch}) E+ U+) " L`}c`k) M+ K+ *=11=/+ Nuuhuudhks nkc S}hnsdhks `b E`dd`k Ejoicj``c Q}`mihdu *=kc

hc+/+ Kh| _`}g6 Lxoib`}c Q}huu+

\ndqìc) H+ H+ *=11>/+ Sjh L}hns Quyej`sjh}nqy Chmnsh6 D`chiu) Dhsj`cu) nkc Bokcoklu+ Dnj|ny) Kh|_`}g6 H}imnxd+

Sjh bìi`|okl s}nokokl dnsh}oniu enk mh `}ch}hc ns jssq6|||+lxoib`}c+e`d

*>/Jhiqokl sjh K`ke`dqionks Ejoic6 Bndoiy$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks b`} @qqùoso`kni Mhjnro`}+ *=115/+ =kc hc+]`mh}s F+ DeDnj`k nkc ]hz I+ B`}hjnkc+*=/ Chbonks Ejoic}hk6 N Eiokoeonku Dnkxni b`} Nuuhuudhks nkc Qn}hks S}nokokl *=kc Hcoso`k/+ *>?????/+ ]xuuhiiMn}gihy) L|hksj J+ Hc|n}cu) nkc N}sjx} I+ ]`mok+

F`x}kni n}soeihu *Uhiheshc iousokl `b e`dq}hjhkuorh }hroh|u7 uhh }hbh}hkeh ious b`} d`}h/

Mx}ku) M+ F+) J`nl|``c) G+) " D}nvhg) Q+ F+ *>???/+ Hbbhesorh s}hnsdhks b`} dhksni cou`}ch}u ok ejoic}hk nkcncìhuehksu+ Eiokoeni Ejoic nkc Bndoiy Quyejì`ly ]hroh|) = *3/) >??$=83+

Ej`}qosn) M+ B+) _od) I+ D+) C`kgh}r`hs) F+ E+) N}hkuc`}b) N+) Ndxkcuhk) D+ F+) DeLhh) E+) Uh}}nk`) N+)_nshu) N+) Mx}ku) F+ N+) " D`}hiio) Q+ *=11=/+ S`|n}c in}lh$uenih odqihdhksnso`k `b hdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shcs}hnsdhksu b`} ejoic}hk6 N }hroh| nkc `muh}rnso`ku my sjh Jn|noo hdqo}oeni mnuou s` uh}roehu snug b`}eh+ EiokoeniQuyejì`ly6 Ueohkeh nkc Q}nesoeh) ? *=/) >28$>?1+

I`kolnk) E+ F+) " Himh}s) F+ E+ *Hcu+/+ *>??:/+ Uqheoni ouuxh `k hdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shc quyejùèoni oksh}rhkso`kub`} ejoic}hk+ F`x}kni `b Eiokoeni Ejoic Quyejì`ly) =< *=/) >5:$>38+ WUhh F`x}kni `b Eiokoeni Ejoic Quyejì`ly*>??:/) Rì+ =???/+ Dhksni Jhnisj6 N ]hq`}s `b sjh Ux}lh`k Lhkh}ni)

Ejnqsh} 56 Ejoic}hk nkc Dhksni Jhnisj+ X+ U+ Qxmioe Jhnisj Uh}roeh6 WNxsj`}T+

F`x}kniu }hlxin}iy qxmioujokl n}soeihu `k s}hnsdhks `xse`dh b`} ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu |osj dhksni

jhnisj q}`mihdu

Eiokoeni Ejoic nkc Bndoiy Quyejì`ly ]hroh|

Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly6 Ueohkeh nkc Q}nesoeh


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Hrochkeh$Mnuhc S}hnsdhks6 \jns Os Ou nkc J`| Os Enk Jhiq Ejoic}hkMy Qnxi Ghssih|hii) Jhnsjh} J``rh}) nkc Dn}ìyk D`}b`}cQnlh == =118

F`x}kni `b sjh Ndh}oenk Nenchdy `b Ejoic nkc Ncìhuehks Quyejons}y

F`x}kni `b Eiokoeni Ejoic nkc Ncìhuehks Quyejì`ly

F`x}kni `b E`kuxisokl nkc Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly

Ex}}hks Co}heso`ku ok Quyejì`loeni Ueohkeh *|||+quyejì`loeniueohkeh+`}l/

Sjh E`dqihsh Q}nesoso`kh} *|||+e`dqihshq}nesoso`kh}+e`d/

Nkkxni ]hroh| `b Quyejì`ly


24/27


]HBH]HKEHU

Niihk) F+ U+) F}+) Sn}k`|ugo) G+ F+) Uod`konk) U+ F+) Hiio`ss) C+) " C}nmdnk) ]+ U+ *>??>/+ Sjh lhkh}niovnso`k dnq

}hrouoshc6 Nuuhuudhks `b lhkh}niovhc s}hnsdhks hbbhesu ok ejoic nkc ncìhuehks mhjnro`} sjh}nqy+Mhjnro`} Sjh}nqy) ==) 5?5$318+

Mh}khs) \+ *=11=/+ Shksj nkkorh}un}y `b NNENQ q}nesoeh qn}ndhsh}u+ F`x}kni `b sjh Ndh}oenk Nenchdy `bEjoic " Ncìhuehks Quyejons}y) 3>) >U$5U+

Mh}u`bb) C+ K+ *>??8/+ Hsjoeni E`kbioesu ok Quyejì`ly+ \nujokls`k) C+ E+6 Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeniNuuèonso`k+

Enuhy) ]+ F+) " Mh}dnk) F+ U+ *>?:8/+ Sjh `xse`dh `b quyej`sjh}nqy |osj ejoic}hk+ Quyejì`loeni Mxiihsok) ?:)5::$311+

Ejndmihuu) C+ I+) Unkch}u`k) \+ E+) Uj`jnd) R+) F`jku`k) U+ M+) Q`qh) G+ U+) E}osu$Ej}ous`qj) Q+) Mngh}) D+)F`jku`k) M+) \``cu) U+ ]+) Uxh) U+) Mhxsih}) I+) \oiiondu) C+ N+) " DeEx}}y) U+) *>??2/+ Nk xqcnsh `keiokoeniiy rniocnshc sjh}nqohu+ Eiokoeni Quyejì`lous) 3?) 8$>:+

Ej}ous`qjh}uhk) H+ ]+) " D`}s|hhs) U+ I+ *=11>/+ S}hnsdhksu Sjns \`}g \osj Ejoic}hk6 Hdqo}oeniiy Uxqq`}shcUs}nshlohu b`} Dnknlokl Ejoicj``c Q}`mihdu+ \nujokls`k) C+ E+6 Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k+

Ein}g) I+ N+) \nsu`k) C+) " ]hykìcu) U+ *>??8/+ Conlkùou nkc einuuoboenso`k `b quyej`qnsjì`ly6 Ejniihklhus` sjh ex}}hks uyushd nkc bxsx}h co}heso`ku+ Nkkxni ]hroh| `b Quyejì`ly) 32) >=>$>8=+

E`jhk) F+ *>?::/+ Usnsousoeni Q`|h} Nkniyuou b`} sjh Mhjnro`}ni Ueohkehu *=kc hc+/+ Joiiucnih) KF6 H}imnxd+

Cxkkh) F+ H+ *>????:/+ Sjh Quyej`sjh}nqy ]hinso`kujoq6 Sjh`}y) ]huhn}ej) nkc Q}nesoeh+ Kh|_`}g6 \oihy+

Jnkuhk) D+ *=11=/+ Sjh khhc b`} e`dqhshkeh ok ejoic}hku qxmioe dhksni jhnisj uh}roehu *Ejnqsh}


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Joii) E+ H+) " @M}ohk) G+ D+ *>???/+ Jhiqokl Ugoiiu6 Bneoisnsokl Hzqi`}nso`k) Okuoljs) nkc Neso`k+ \nujokls`k)C+ E+6 Ndh}oenk Quyejì`loeni Nuuèonso`k+

Jxbb`}c) D+ ]+ *=111/+ Hdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shc s}hnsdhksu nkc e`d`}moc quyej`qnsjì`ly6 Uqhixkgokl Qinsù

enrh+ Q}`bhuuo`kni Quyejì`ly6 ]huhn}ej nkc Q}nesoeh) 5>) ?2$??+

Gnvcok) N+ H+ *>??2/+ C}`qqokl `xs `b ejoic sjh}nqy6 Ouuxhu b`} }huhn}ej nkc odqioenso`ku b`} q}nesoeh+ EiokoeniEjoic Quyejì`ly nkc Quyejons}y) >) >55$>82+

Gnvcok) N+) H+) Mnuu) C+) Nyh}u) \+ N+) " ]`clh}u) N+ *>??1/+ Hdqo}oeni nkc eiokoeni bèxu `b ejoic nkcncìhuehks quyej`sjh}nqy `xse`dh }huhn}ej+ F`x}kni `b E`kuxisokl nkc Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly) 8:) ??:/+ M}hnsjokl iobh oks` n dnkxni+ E`lkosorh nkcMhjnro`}ni Q}nesoeh+

Ghssih|hii) Q+\+ *=113/+ Chrhi`qdhks couuhdoknso`k) nkc odqihdhksnso`k `b hrochkeh$mnuhc s}hnsdhksu6E`ddhksn}y+ Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly6 Ueohkeh nkc Q}nesoeh) >> *=/) >?1$>?8+

Ghssih|hii) Q+\+) " Jnkuhk) D+ *=115/+ Sjh uhrhksj q}okeoqih `b ENUUQ+ Sjh Qhkkuyirnkon Qyuejì`lous^xn}sh}iy) Bhm}xn}y) =+

Ihross) H+ H+ *>?25/+ Quyej`sjh}nqy |osj ejoic}hk6 N bx}sjh} hrnixnso`k+ Mhjnro`x} ]huhn}ej nkc Sjh}nqy) 21)

5=2$5=?+

Ioiohkbhic) U+) Iykk) U+) " I`j}) F+ *=115/+ Ueohkeh nkc Quhxcùeohkeh ok Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly) Kh| _`}g6Lxoib`}c) >


26/27


K`}e}ùu) F+ E+ *Hc+/+ *=11>/+ Hdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shc sjh}nqy }hinso`kujoqu6 Uxddn}y ]hq`}s `b sjh Corouo`k =?Snug B`}eh+ Quyej`sjh}nqy) 5: *3/+

K`}e}ùu) F+ E+ *Hc+/+ *=11=/+ Quyej`sjh}nqy ]hinso`kujoqu Sjns \`}g6 Sjh}nqous E`ks}omxso`ku nkc]huq`kuorhkhuu s` Qnsohks Khhcu+ Kh| _`}g6 @zb`}c Xkorh}uosy Q}huu+

@bboeh `b Dhksni Jhnisj nkc Uxmusnkeh Nmxuh Uh}roehu+ *=118/+ Jn}}oumx}l) QN+ H$dnoi e`}}huq`kchkeh |osjEnkcneh @}}+

@}iokugy) C+ H+) L}n|h) G+) " Qn}gu) M+ G+ *>??3/+ Q}èhuu s` `xse`dh ok quyej`sjh}nqy kèj hokdni+ Ok N+ HLh}lok " U+ I+ Ln}boihc *Hcu+/) Jnkcm``g `b Quyej`sjh}nqy nkc Mhjnro`} Ejnklh *3sj hc+/+ Kh| _`}g6\oihy+

Qhn}) ]+ *=115/+ Dhksni en}h q``} b`} u`dh ejoic}hk ok usnsh exus`cy+ Kh| _`}g Sodhu) Uhqshdmh} >+

Q`qqh}) G+ ]+ *>?8?/+ Sjh I`loe `b Ueohksoboe Coue`rh}y+ I`kc`k6 Jxsejou`k+

]ùhk) N+ *=115/+ Hrochkeh$mnuhc uèoni |`}g q}nesoeh6 Ejniihklhu nkc q}`douh+ Uèoni \`}g ]huhn}ej*KNU\/) =< *3/) >?


27/27


\houu) F+ ]+) " Jn|ihy) G+ D+ *>??:/+ Bokcokl) hrnixnsokl) }hbokokl nkc nqqiyokl hdqo}oeniiy uxqq`}shcs}hnsdhksu b`} ejoic}hk nkc ncìhuehksu+ F`x}kni `b Eiokoeni Ejoic Quyejì`ly) =2+

\houv) F+ ]+) C`khkmh}l) L+ ]+) Jk+ U+ U+) " \ohuu) M+ *>??8n/+ M}oclokl sjh lnq mhs|hhk inm`}ns`}y nkc eiokoe

ok ejoic nkc ncìhuehks quyej`sjh}nqy+ F`x}kni `b E`kuxisokl nkc Eiokoeni Quyejì`ly) 25) 2::$+

\houv) F+ ]+) \houu) M+) Nioegh) D+ C+) " Gi`sv) D+ I+ *>?:??5/+ N dhsn$nkniyuou `b quyej`sjh}nqy c}`q`xs+ Q}`bhuuo`kni Quyejì`ly6

]huhn}ej nkc Q}nesoeh) =3) >?1$>?8+

\`}ic Jhnisj @}lnkovnso`k+ *=11>/+ Sjh \`}ic Jhnisj ]hq`}s6 =11>6 Dhksni Jhnisj6 Kh| Xkch}usnkcokl)Kh| J`qh+ Lhkhrn) U|osvh}inkc6 Nxsj`}+

evidence based treatment: what is it and how can it help children

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