evolution and current state of science, technology and innovation. republic of cuba
DESCRIPTION
EVOLUTION AND CURRENT STATE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION. REPUBLIC OF CUBA. Dr. Vito Quevedo Rodríguez Director of Technology and Innovation. Sri Lanka, November 2006. Havana. Located on the Gulf of Mexico, in the middle of Caribbean Sea. Area: 110860 km 2 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EVOLUTION AND CURRENT STATE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
INNOVATION. REPUBLIC OF CUBA
EVOLUTION AND CURRENT STATE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
INNOVATION. REPUBLIC OF CUBA
Sri Lanka, November 2006
Dr. Vito Quevedo RodríguezDirector of Technology and Innovation
Area:Area: 110860 110860 kmkm22
Population.:Population.: 11 243 358 Hab.11 243 358 Hab.Weather:Weather: Subtropical moderadoSubtropical moderadoT media: T media: 25°C25°C Most important river: Most important river: CautoCautoMost important mountain: Most important mountain: Pico TurquinoPico Turquino
Pico TurquinoPico Turquino1974 m high1974 m high5633 pies over sea5633 pies over sea
Havana Havana Located on the Gulf of Mexico, Located on the Gulf of Mexico, in the middle of Caribbean Sea.in the middle of Caribbean Sea.Located on the Gulf of Mexico, Located on the Gulf of Mexico, in the middle of Caribbean Sea.in the middle of Caribbean Sea.
Tomás RomayTomás Romay
Pedro KouríPedro Kourí
Carlos J. FinlayCarlos J. Finlay
ONLY INDIVIDUAL ONLY INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITIES:PERSONALITIES:
Cuban scientific and technological Cuban scientific and technological development was practically development was practically
inexistent before 1959.inexistent before 1959.
Cuban scientific and technological Cuban scientific and technological development was practically development was practically
inexistent before 1959.inexistent before 1959.
““... The future of our homeland ... The future of our homeland must necessarily be must necessarily be
a future of men of sciences, a future of men of sciences, a future of men a future of men of of thought thought ...” ...”
Fidel Castro Ruz,Fidel Castro Ruz, 1960 1960
1 million illiterates1 million illiterates
No research centres No research centres (only 4 experimental stations (only 4 experimental stations with less than 100 researchers)with less than 100 researchers)
No programs of S+T No programs of S+T supported by government supported by government or enterprisesor enterprises
Only 3 UniversitiesOnly 3 Universities
Before 1959Before 1959::TodayToday::
0,93 % GDP devoted to S&T activities 0,5 researchers with category / 1000
inhabitantsExists more of 1,9 scientific and
engineers / 1000 inhabitants
220 institutions devoted to S&T (>37 000 people)
115 are research institutes115 are research institutesMore of 65 High Education Centers (>
20 000 professors with higher degrees). Local universities (SUM)
0,8 PhD / 1000 inhabitants
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENTAND ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENTAND ENVIRONMENT
It is part of the State’s Central Administration and its contributes to achieve sustainable development in Cuba integrate Science, Technology
and the protection of the Environment
Answering Answering for our for our
developingdeveloping
CUBAN SCIENTIFIC POLICY CUBAN SCIENTIFIC POLICY PILLARSPILLARS CUBAN SCIENTIFIC POLICY CUBAN SCIENTIFIC POLICY PILLARSPILLARS
Generation Generation of our own of our own
technologiestechnologies
Assimilation of Assimilation of International International Technologies Technologies and Knowledges and Knowledges
Assimilation of Assimilation of International International Technologies Technologies and Knowledges and Knowledges
Development Development of our ownof our ownHuman Human PotentialPotential
INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION
CUBAN SYSTEM CUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCE AND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION INNOVATION
CUBAN SYSTEM CUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCE AND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION INNOVATION
An organizational form An organizational form through the one through the one
scientific and scientific and technological policy technological policy
is materializedis materialized
An organizational form An organizational form through the one through the one
scientific and scientific and technological policy technological policy
is materializedis materialized
SYSTEM OF SYSTEM OF PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMS AND
PROJECTSPROJECTSNATIONAL, NATIONAL,
SECTORIAL, LOCAL ANDSECTORIAL, LOCAL ANDINSTITUTIONALINSTITUTIONAL
ONN, OCPI,INFORMATION
ENTITY OF PRODUCTION
AND SERVICES
ECITECIT
POLES, FCT. ANIR, POLES, FCT. ANIR, BTJ, ACC, SNTC, BTJ, ACC, SNTC,
Scientific and Professional Scientific and Professional Societies,Societies,
Social CouncilSocial Council
LEGAL ASPECTSLEGAL ASPECTS
GOVERNMENT,GOVERNMENT,MINISTRIES, OTHERSMINISTRIES, OTHERS
CUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCE AND CUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
CUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCE AND CUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF OUR SYSTEMIMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF OUR SYSTEMIMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF OUR SYSTEMIMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF OUR SYSTEM
ANIRANIR
ACCACC
FCTFCT BTJBTJ
PolosPolos
INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION
National LevelNational Level
Territorial LevelTerritorial Level
Local LevelLocal Level
BASE LEVELBASE LEVEL(Enterprises,(Enterprises,cooperatives, cooperatives,
etc)etc)
SYSTEM OF PROGRAMS ANDPROJECTS
INTEGRATIONELEMENTS
STRATEGIESPRIORITIES
CUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCECUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONAND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION.CUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCECUBAN SYSTEM OF SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONAND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION.
LEVELS ANDREACHES
LEVELS ANDREACHES
PRIORITIESPRIORITIES
IMPACTIMPACTSTRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
SCIENCESCIENCEPRIORITIESPRIORITIES(2002-2006)(2002-2006)
FOOD PRODUCTION
HEALTH
ENERGY
ENVIRONMENT
EDUCATION
TICS
SOCIETY
n
O
H
HHH
O
OH
O
CH2OH
PO
O
O
O
OH
OH
OH
Na
O
H
HHH
O
OH
O
CH2OH
POO
OH
OH
OH
OH
Na
O
NH
N
O
OO
BIOTECH-NOLOGY
Total 2856Total 2856275 (8%)
2058 (60%)
1082 (32%)
Porcentaje de proyectos en PNCT, PRCT y PTCT. Año 2004
PTCT
PRCT
PNCT
275 (8%)
2058 (60%)
1082 (32%)
Porcentaje de proyectos en PNCT, PRCT y PTCT. Año 2004
PTCT
PRCT
PNCT
Total:
3415Total:Total:
34153415
Total 2856Total 2856275 (8%)
2058 (60%)
1082 (32%)
Porcentaje de proyectos en PNCT, PRCT y PTCT. Año 2004
PTCT
PRCT
PNCT
275 (8%)
2058 (60%)
1082 (32%)
Porcentaje de proyectos en PNCT, PRCT y PTCT. Año 2004
PTCT
PRCT
PNCT
Total:
3415Total:Total:
34153415275 (8%)
2058 (60%)
1082 (32%)
Porcentaje de proyectos en PNCT, PRCT y PTCT. Año 2004
PTCT
PRCT
PNCT
275 (8%)
2058 (60%)
1082 (32%)
Porcentaje de proyectos en PNCT, PRCT y PTCT. Año 2004
PTCT
PRCT
PNCT
Total:
3415Total:Total:
34153415
PROJECTS EXECUTIONPROJECTS EXECUTION
PROJECTS IN PNCT, PRCT, PTCT. (YEAR 2004)
Some indicators about Human Resources
Some indicators about Human Resources
79 087 peoples participate on Science and
Technological Innovation System 32 093 peoples work (full time) on R&D 5 526 researchers working on R&D 1 003 young peoples participate on
Scientific Tasks
79 087 peoples participate on Science and
Technological Innovation System 32 093 peoples work (full time) on R&D 5 526 researchers working on R&D 1 003 young peoples participate on
Scientific Tasks
Peoples on Scientific and Technological Activity Peoples on Scientific and Technological Activity (according educational level)(according educational level)
12795 1265012275 13184
157821697317205
1814720408
2075621056
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
Con nivel superior (Higher education) Con nivel medio (Technicians)Otros Trabajadores (Others workers)
Source: Ministry of Science, Technology and
Environment (Dir. Human Resources)
Researchers
5129 5151 5163
55255468
5378
5075
4877
5075 5115
5526
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500
5600
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
Investigadores (Researchers)
3859
4
3860
7
3848
1
3576
5
3352
7
3080
2
3218
6
2831
9
2869
2
3071
4
3262
2 4049
3
4038
0
4001
6
3770
5
3625
1
3327
2
3032
6
3461
6
3236
0
3197
0
3011
6
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Hombres (Male) Mujeres (Female)
Peoples in ACT by genderPeoples in ACT by gender
Universities according science branch
4846
5696
4941 5116
3632
580757425963 5769
7315
1890 2055 1977 20302363 2573
40184470
52125497
6654
7195
4708
8316
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
99/ 2000 2000/ 01 2001/ 02 2002/ 03 2003/ 04 2004/ 05
Ciencias Médicas (Medical Sciences)Ciencias P edagógicas (Educational Sciences)Ciencias Técnicas (Engineering)Otras (Others)
Grados Científicos Otorgados
4984
5201 5380 5576 58
54
6076 63
63 6719 7045 75
27 8494
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
PhD and Dr. in SciencesPhD and Dr. in SciencesPhD and Dr. in SciencesPhD and Dr. in Sciences
1.43
1.261.33
1.491.69
1.75
0.77
0.610.7
0.87
0.83
0.82
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
ACT/PIB I+D/PIB
TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON SCIENTIFIC TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIESAND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON SCIENTIFIC TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIESAND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON SCIENTIFIC TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIESAND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON SCIENTIFIC TOTAL EXPENDITURES ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIESAND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
146.3 179.1 189.6 209.1 230.1234.2
290.6330.4 316.9
364.6 381.3
388.1
0
100
200
300
400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Gastos en ACT Gastos en I+D
76
3340
168160195
177
174127
160
1.1
0.65
1.361.31.271.3
0.98
1.160.96
0.76
0
50
100
150
200
250
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050
0.5
1
1.5
Solicitudes Nacionales (National Application)
Solicitudes Extranjeras (Foreign Application)Coeficiente de Invención (Application Rate)
Patent applications filed in CubaPatent applications filed in Cuba
Source: Nacional Office of Industrial Property
Legal state of patent applications
59
111117
92
116
45
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Registros concedidos (Granted Application)
Fuente: OCPI
Source: Nacional Office of Industrial Property
Indicators in RAND Report of World Bank (March, 2001).
CountryGDP
percapita
Resear chers and engeneer
s by million of inhabitan
ts
Scientific
Articles
Total expenditures
%GDP
Entities and
Universities by million
of inhabitants
Patents in USA
and UE
General
Index
CUBA 2194 1612Total:
17, 7321.6/M
inhab.
147 0.8 2.16 12 0.11
Brasil 4630 168 3511 0.8 0.65 440 0.1
México 3840 214 1758 0.3 0.56 262 -0.14
Argentina
8030 660 1944 0.4 2.22 176 -0.09
Portugal 10670
1182 968 0.6 4.2 77 0.07
España 14100
1305 10557 0.9 3.07 1904 0.44
China 750 454 7763 0.7 0.3 466 0.1
Canadá 19170
2719 20989 1.7 91.75 12559 2.08
0.070.10.10.11
0.44
-0.09
-0.1 -0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Espa
ña
Cuba
Bras
il
Chin
a
Portu
gal
Arge
ntin
a
Mex
ico
Contribution of STA for the development of each country
Elements of Elements of IntegrationIntegration
of our Science andof our Science and
Technological and Technological and Innovation Innovation
SystemSystem
Elements of Elements of IntegrationIntegration
of our Science andof our Science and
Technological and Technological and Innovation Innovation
SystemSystem
FCTFCTScience and Technique Forum is a massive movement that contributes to the integration of Science and Technology in entities as enterprises, hospitals, hotels, schools, and others, by principles of
INTEGRATIONINTEGRATIONCOOPERATIONCOOPERATION and andOVERCROWDINGOVERCROWDING
ANIRANIRNational Innovators and National Innovators and Rationalizators Rationalizators Association has the role Association has the role of of contributing to foment contributing to foment the innovative culture and the innovative culture and its practice in a massive its practice in a massive way, mainly way, mainly incremental incremental innovationsinnovations. .
National Innovators and National Innovators and Rationalizators Rationalizators Association has the role Association has the role of of contributing to foment contributing to foment the innovative culture and the innovative culture and its practice in a massive its practice in a massive way, mainly way, mainly incremental incremental innovationsinnovations. .
IN MORE OF 230 000 ENTITIES
37 500 RESULTS HAS BEEN OBTAINED
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
I III V VII IX XI XIII
soluciones
autores
3 MMRESULTS
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
PRESENTADAS CONCEDIDAS APLICADAS
1990 1994 1999 2000 2004
15 Scientific 15 Scientific Poles distributed Poles distributed over over all our countryall our country
15 Scientific 15 Scientific Poles distributed Poles distributed over over all our countryall our country
THEMATICSTHEMATICS::Biotechnology, Social Sciences, Industrial
THEMATICSTHEMATICS::Biotechnology, Social Sciences, Industrial
Local o territorial PolosLocal o territorial Polos:In each one of our provincesand dedicated to give answerof main priorities of provinces
Local o territorial PolosLocal o territorial Polos:In each one of our provincesand dedicated to give answerof main priorities of provinces
DEMANDDEMANDDEMANDDEMAND
OFFEROFFEROFFEROFFER
MAIN RESULTS OBTAINEDMAIN RESULTS OBTAINED(in our Scientific Poles)(in our Scientific Poles)
MAIN RESULTS OBTAINEDMAIN RESULTS OBTAINED(in our Scientific Poles)(in our Scientific Poles)
IMPORTANT SOLUTIONS OF IMPORTANT SOLUTIONS OF MAIN THEMATICS PROBLEMSMAIN THEMATICS PROBLEMS
AND OTHERS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENTAND OTHERS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
AN EFFECTIVE AN EFFECTIVE MECHANISM OF MECHANISM OF INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION
A DIFFERENT WAY OF:A DIFFERENT WAY OF: MAKE SCIENCEMAKE SCIENCE GENERATE AND DEAL NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICESGENERATE AND DEAL NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OBTAIN GOODS FOR OUR SOCIETYOBTAIN GOODS FOR OUR SOCIETY
RESULTS OF HIGH IMPACTRESULTS OF HIGH IMPACT
75% OF OUR 75% OF OUR DRUG CONSUMPTION DRUG CONSUMPTION
IS NATIONAL IS NATIONAL PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION
EARLY ALERT OF DRY SEASON
MORBIDITY RATES FOR MORBIDITY RATES FOR MENINGOCOCCUS-B MENINGOCOCCUS-B
CUBA 1962-1998, RATE x 100,000 INH.
62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98*0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
SOURCE: MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, NATIONAL STATISTICAL DEPT.
National Incidence of Hepatitis B in
Childs between 5 - 15 years old
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Nú
mer
o d
e ca
sos
Niños menores de 15 años 304 349 240 212 136 144 77 10 7 2 1 1
Niños menores de 5 años 72 66 48 31 16 17 6 1 1 0 0 0
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002
Fuente: Ministerio Salud
Heberbiovac HBHeberbiovac HBCertificación Certificación
OMSOMS 20012001
Cuba 1991 - 2002Cuba 1991 - 2002
World Health ChartWorld Health ChartWorld Health ChartWorld Health Chart
Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) per cápita en USD (1997)Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) per cápita en USD (1997)Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) per cápita en USD (1997)Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) per cápita en USD (1997)Su
perv
iven
cia
in
fan
til h
asta
5
añ
os p
or
cad
a 1
00
0 n
acid
os v
ivos (
19
97
)S
up
erv
iven
cia
in
fan
til h
asta
5
añ
os p
or
cad
a 1
00
0 n
acid
os v
ivos (
19
97
)S
up
erv
iven
cia
in
fan
til h
asta
5
añ
os p
or
cad
a 1
00
0 n
acid
os v
ivos (
19
97
)S
up
erv
iven
cia
in
fan
til h
asta
5
añ
os p
or
cad
a 1
00
0 n
acid
os v
ivos (
19
97
)
CubaCuba
METEOROLOGY AUTOMATIC
RADAR
EFFECTIVEWEATHERFORECAST
FOOD FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION
FOOD FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION
TILAPIA TILAPIA MONOSEXOMONOSEXO
TILAPIA TILAPIA MONOSEXOMONOSEXO
MEJORAMIENTO Y MEJORAMIENTO Y TRATAMIENTO TRATAMIENTO
DEDE SUELOS
MEJORAMIENTO Y MEJORAMIENTO Y TRATAMIENTO TRATAMIENTO
DEDE SUELOS
STABILAK STABILAK STABILAK STABILAK
VACUNA GAVAC VACUNA GAVAC (contra B. microplus, (contra B. microplus,
Garrapata),Garrapata),
VACUNA GAVAC VACUNA GAVAC (contra B. microplus, (contra B. microplus,
Garrapata),Garrapata),
MEJORAMIENTO DE MEJORAMIENTO DE VARIEDADESVARIEDADES
Y EL PROCESO IND.Y EL PROCESO IND.
MEJORAMIENTO DE MEJORAMIENTO DE VARIEDADESVARIEDADES
Y EL PROCESO IND.Y EL PROCESO IND.
RESULTS OF HIGH IMPACTRESULTS OF HIGH IMPACT
OUR PRODUCTION OF NATIONAL OIL AND OUR PRODUCTION OF NATIONAL OIL AND NATURAK ASSOCIATE GAS IS NATURAK ASSOCIATE GAS IS GUARANTEED FOR 100% OF THEIR USE IN GUARANTEED FOR 100% OF THEIR USE IN INDUSTRYINDUSTRY
NATIONAL OIL NATIONAL OIL
(SEVEN TIMES)(SEVEN TIMES)1991-20021991-2002
NATURAL ASSOCIATE GASNATURAL ASSOCIATE GAS
(FIFTEEN TIMES)(FIFTEEN TIMES)1991-20021991-2002
• RECORD OF PRODUCTIONRECORD OF PRODUCTION• 4TH. WORLD PRODUCER OF Ni4TH. WORLD PRODUCER OF Ni• 10% OF TOTAL PRODUCTION 10% OF TOTAL PRODUCTION OF CoOF Co• CUBA ONE OF 3 FIRST CUBA ONE OF 3 FIRST
RESERVE OF Ni AND CoRESERVE OF Ni AND Co
• RECORD OF PRODUCTIONRECORD OF PRODUCTION• 4TH. WORLD PRODUCER OF Ni4TH. WORLD PRODUCER OF Ni• 10% OF TOTAL PRODUCTION 10% OF TOTAL PRODUCTION OF CoOF Co• CUBA ONE OF 3 FIRST CUBA ONE OF 3 FIRST
RESERVE OF Ni AND CoRESERVE OF Ni AND Co
Ni a
nd
Co
Ind
ust
ryN
i an
d C
o In
du
stry
Ni a
nd
Co
Ind
ust
ryN
i an
d C
o In
du
stry
RESULTS OF HIGH IMPACTRESULTS OF HIGH IMPACT
INNOVATIONS ON INNOVATIONS ON EDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATION SYSTEM• EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE• CHANGES IN PROGRAMS OF JUNIOR SCHOOLS• INTRODUCTION OF NEWS TEACHING WAYS MORE EFFECTIVENESS
INNOVATIONS ON INNOVATIONS ON EDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATION SYSTEM• EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE• CHANGES IN PROGRAMS OF JUNIOR SCHOOLS• INTRODUCTION OF NEWS TEACHING WAYS MORE EFFECTIVENESS
RESULTS OF HIGH IMPACTRESULTS OF HIGH IMPACTRESULTS OF HIGH IMPACTRESULTS OF HIGH IMPACT
IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION WITH PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF HIGH ADDED VALUE OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION ON INTERNATIONAL CUBAN TRADEINTERNATIONAL CUBAN TRADE
IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION WITH PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF HIGH ADDED VALUE OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION ON INTERNATIONAL CUBAN TRADEINTERNATIONAL CUBAN TRADE
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSOUR SCIENTIFIC AND TECNOLOGICAL POLICY HAS PERMITTED:
Recognition and support to the activity given by the State Recognition and support to the activity given by the State when prioritizing , financing, and promoting itwhen prioritizing , financing, and promoting it
The statistical system of indicators is developed and it The statistical system of indicators is developed and it advances more every moment. It is being used better in advances more every moment. It is being used better in the mensuration of the contributions of science to the the mensuration of the contributions of science to the well-being of people.well-being of people.
The development, during these years, of such tools for The development, during these years, of such tools for the decision and guide of the work has allowed us to install the decision and guide of the work has allowed us to install some capacities in our country which must be considered some capacities in our country which must be considered and usedand used..
PROPOSITIONS:PROPOSITIONS:
To create and to increase a Net of Indicators of Science To create and to increase a Net of Indicators of Science and Technology of the NAMand Technology of the NAM (and to direct it to guarantee the exchange of (and to direct it to guarantee the exchange of
information, the conformation of databases, the elaboration of statistical indicators, information, the conformation of databases, the elaboration of statistical indicators, according with of the countries members characteristics as well as their technologicalaccording with of the countries members characteristics as well as their technological and scientific demands) and scientific demands)
To create a work group as a result of the Conference to To create a work group as a result of the Conference to carry out and to present a conclusive study, before the carry out and to present a conclusive study, before the beginning of the second semester of the year 2007, about beginning of the second semester of the year 2007, about the convenience of creating the Office of Transfer of the convenience of creating the Office of Transfer of Technology of the NAM which it is accepted would work Technology of the NAM which it is accepted would work with their own norms and in benefit of all the countries with their own norms and in benefit of all the countries membersmembers
PROPOSITIONS:PROPOSITIONS: To develop during the year 2007 the International
Conference ¨Energy, Innovation and Sustainable" among the countries members of the NAM, the enterprises which could be considered for their contribution to the thematic , directed to exchange on about technologies of energy saving and elevation of the energy efficiency; and the development of Renewable Energy sources and Alternative Fuels
To create in the current center (NAM S&T Center) an entity for the Innovation, which will be in charge of developed the idea to employ the Technological Cooperated Parks, among the countries members, the incubators of enterprises and other structures to energize the innovation
Science is to know the opportunity and Science is to know the opportunity and take advantage of it, take advantage of it, is to make what it be is to make what it be suited to our town with our sacrifice and not to suited to our town with our sacrifice and not to make what to be suited to us, with our town's make what to be suited to us, with our town's
sacrifice.sacrifice. José José
MartíMartí
Science is to know the opportunity and Science is to know the opportunity and take advantage of it, take advantage of it, is to make what it be is to make what it be suited to our town with our sacrifice and not to suited to our town with our sacrifice and not to make what to be suited to us, with our town's make what to be suited to us, with our town's
sacrifice.sacrifice. José José
MartíMartí