ex 6a epithelial tissues
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Terms that help us understand what kinds of tissues we are identifying:
Terms referring to the layers
Simple = one layer
Stratified = more than one layer
Pseudostratified = false layered (appears to be more than one
layer, but only one); ciliated = with cilia
Terms referring to the cell shapes
Squamous = flat
Cuboidal = cube
Columnar = rectangular (column)
Transitional = ability to change shape
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Stratified
Simple
Apical surface
Basal surface
Apical surface
Basal surface
Classification based on number of cell layers.
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Squamous
Cuboidal
ColumnarClassification based on cell shape.
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The following types of epithelial tissues are covered in this activity:
1. Simple squamous epithelial tissue (lungs)
2. Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue (kidneys)
3. Simple columnar epithelial tissue (small intestine)
4. Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelial tissue (trachea lining)
5. Stratified squamous epithelial tissue (mouth lining)
6. Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue (salivary glands, sweat glands)
7. Stratified columnar epithelial tissue (male reproductive tract)
8 Transitional epithelial tissue (bladder)
a. The tissue may show a full bladder
b. The tissue may show an empty bladder
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Figure 4.3a Epithelial tissues.
(a) Simple squamous epithelium
Description: Single layer of flattenedcells with disc-shaped central nucleiand sparse cytoplasm; the simplestof the epithelia.
Function: Allows passage ofmaterials by diffusion and filtrationin sites where protection is notimportant; secretes lubricatingsubstances in serosae.
Location: Kidney glomeruli; air sacsof lungs; lining of heart, bloodvessels, and lymphatic vessels; liningof ventral body cavity (serosae).
Photomicrograph: Simple squamous epitheliumforming part of the alveolar (air sac) walls (125x).
Air sacs oflung tissue
Nuclei ofsquamousepithelialcells
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Figure 4.3b Epithelial tissues.
(b) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Description: Single layer ofcubelike cells with large,spherical central nuclei.
Function: Secretion andabsorption.
Location: Kidney tubules;ducts and secretory portionsof small glands; ovary surface.
Photomicrograph: Simple cuboidalepithelium in kidney tubules (430x).
Basementmembrane
Connectivetissue
Simplecuboidalepithelialcells
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Figure 4.3c Epithelial tissues.
(c) Simple columnar epithelium
Description: Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells).
Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action.
Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal),gallbladder, and excretory ducts of someglands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regionsof the uterus.
Photomicrograph: Simple columnar epitheliumof the stomach mucosa (860X).
Simplecolumnarepithelialcell
Basementmembrane
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Figure 4.3d Epithelial tissues.
(d) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Description: Single layer of cells ofdiffering heights, some not reachingthe free surface; nuclei seen atdifferent levels; may contain mucus-secreting cells and bear cilia.
Function: Secretion, particularly ofmucus; propulsion of mucus byciliary action.
Location: Nonciliated type in male’ssperm-carrying ducts and ducts oflarge glands; ciliated variety linesthe trachea, most of the upperrespiratory tract.
Photomicrograph: Pseudostratified ciliatedcolumnar epithelium lining the human trachea (570x).
Trachea
Cilia
Pseudo-stratifiedepitheliallayer
Basementmembrane
Mucus ofmucous cell
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Figure 4.3e Epithelial tissues.
(e) Stratified squamous epithelium
Description: Thick membranecomposed of several cell layers;basal cells are cuboidal or columnarand metabolically active; surfacecells are flattened (squamous); in thekeratinized type, the surface cells arefull of keratin and dead; basal cellsare active in mitosis and produce thecells of the more superficial layers.
Function: Protects underlyingtissues in areas subjected to abrasion.
Location: Nonkeratinized type formsthe moist linings of the esophagus,mouth, and vagina; keratinized varietyforms the epidermis of the skin, a drymembrane.
Photomicrograph: Stratified squamous epitheliumlining the esophagus (285x).
Stratifiedsquamousepithelium
Nuclei
Basementmembrane
Connectivetissue
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Figure 4.3f Epithelial tissues.
(f) Transitional epithelium
Description: Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells domeshaped or squamouslike, depending on degree of organ stretch.
Function: Stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine.
Location: Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra.
Photomicrograph: Transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder, relaxed state (360X); note the bulbous, or rounded, appearance of the cells at the surface; these cells flatten and become elongated when the bladder is filled with urine.
BasementmembraneConnectivetissue
Transitionalepithelium
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Given the previous examples(consider the morphology only)
Can you name?
First, the tissue type
Second, where in the body the tissue is found
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
lungs
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Simple squamous epithelial tissue (superior view)
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
Kidneys (tubules)The lining of the kidney glomerulus (sing.)/glomeruli (pl.) is simple squamous epithelial tissue
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Simple columnar epithelial tissue
small intestine
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelial tissue “false layered”; it looks like more than one layer, but it is not
trachea lining
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
mouth lining
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue
salivary glands, sweat glands
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Stratified columnar epithelial tissue
male reproductive tract
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What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Transitional epithelial tissue
empty bladder
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Where in the body would you find this tissue?
What kind of tissue does this represent?
distended (full) bladder
Transitional epithelial tissue