Exam 2C Biol 210 Environmental Biology Spring 2015

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) The "lotus effect" reffers to....A) The clamness displayed by certain sit and wait predatorsB) A superhydrophobic self cleaning surfaceC) The superior NPP in tropical rainforests resulting from rain and sunlightD) Hypereutrophication reulting in the growth of aquatic macrophytes in lentic systemsE) None of the above

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2) Which biome probably contains the largest number and most diverse group of large mammals?A) chaparralB) desertC) savannaD) tropical rain forestE) tropical deciduous forest

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3) In which of the following terrestrial biome pairs are both parts dependent upon periodicburning?A) tropical forest and temperate broadleaf forestB) grassland and tundraC) chaparral and savannaD) tundra and coniferous forestE) desert and savanna

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4) When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in biological communities that areanalogous to the changesA) in an ecosystem as it evolves over time.B) in a community through different seasons.C) across the United States from east to west.D) in biomes at different latitudes.E) at different depths in the ocean.

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5) What is the ecological significance of shallow bays and coastal wetlands such as estuaries andsalt marshes?A) They serve as the habitat for many endangered species.B) They are safe from most human impact because humans do not live there.C) Coral reefs occur in these areas.D) They are the breeding grounds for a wide variety of sea-dwelling animals.E) They are an important source of crude oil.

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6) The vast treeless region near the Arctic Ocean is the:A) savanna.B) taiga.C) grassland.D) tundra.E) permafrost.

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7) Many physical features dictate life in an estuary. The physical feature with the most influence onorganismal distribution isA) temperature. B) light. C) salinity. D) nutrients.

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8) As cities along the western coast of North America grew, people began building houses in thechaparral regions. Many of the homeowners have chosen to landscape with plants native to thechaparral. However, nearly every year, fires sweep through the area, destroying homes,displacing people, and costing millions of dollars. What is the best solution to this problem?A) Stop building homes in areas where the vegetation has evolved to burn.B) Evacuate people during the fire season.C) Plant species from damp areas to increase the moisture content in the area.D) Plant tall-growing trees to increase shade.E) Immediately extinguish all fires in this area.

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9) ________ are large areas that have similar environmental conditions and characteristic plantcommunities.A) Climatic zonesB) Climax communitiesC) BiospheresD) BiomesE) Ecosystems

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10) Which of the following bodies of water best represents a lotic ecosystem?A) oxbow lake B) stream C) marsh D) salt pond

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11) Savannas typically occur inA) cold areas with little rainfall in polar regions.B) very dry areas in the rain shadow of mountains of both temperate and tropical latitudes.C) warm areas with seasonal rainfall in the tropics.D) cold areas with little rainfall at high altitudes in the tropics.

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12) As a stream or river descends, it generally growsA) faster and cooler. B) slower and cooler.C) faster and warmer. D) slower and warmer.

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13) The vegetation of tundra is dominated byA) sclerophyllous broadleaf evergreen shrubs.B) short plants such as sedges, heaths, and willow.C) needle-leaf evergreen trees.D) broadleaf deciduous trees.

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14) Which biome contains plants that have small leaves coated with protective waxes or reflectivehairs that can withstand hot, dry summers and are adapted to fire?A) tropical deciduous forestB) chaparralC) tropical rain forestD) desertE) savanna

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15) In which community would organisms most likely have adaptations enabling them to respondto different photoperiods?A) tropical forestB) temperate forestC) coral reefD) savannaE) abyssal

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16) The organisms living on the bottom of the ocean are collectively referred to asA) epifauna. B) meiofauna. C) benthos. D) nekton.

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17) In lakes and ponds, phytoplankton and zooplankton are most abundant in theA) limnetic zone. B) benthic zone.C) profundal zone. D) littoral zone.

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The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine environment with various zones labeled with letters.Choose the letter that best answers the question. Letters may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

18) Which zone experiences the most abiotic change over a 24-hour period?A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

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19) Which zone produces the most global oxygen gas?A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

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20) Coral reefs grow best where water isA) warm, shallow, and clear. B) cold, shallow, and clear.C) cold, deep, and murky. D) warm, deep, and clear.

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21) The highest diversity of plant and animal life occurs inA) tropical savannas. B) boreal forests.C) tropical rain forests. D) temperate deciduous forests.

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22) Which lake zone would be absent in a very shallow lake?A) limnetic zoneB) benthic zoneC) pelagic zoneD) littoral zoneE) aphotic zone

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23) Permafrost is associated with which of these biomes?A) taigaB) littoralC) tundraD) northern coniferous forestE) temperate deciduous forest

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24) Oligotrophic lakes are characterized by:A) low oxygen concentrations.B) dense "blooms" of algae.C) the largest number and diversity of organisms.D) clear water with deep penetration of light.E) high nutrient levels.

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25) Thick, water-storing leaves and stems and wax-coated leaves are adaptations to:A) deserts.B) temperate deciduous forests.C) tropical scrub forests.D) tropical rain forests.E) taigas.

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26) Semi-enclosed areas of the coastal ocean where seawater is diluted and partially mixed withfreshwater coming from the land are referred to asA) tidal basins. B) coastal reservoirs.C) eddies. D) estuaries.

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27) Which biome is characterized by widely spaced trees surrounded by grasses?A) tropical rain forestB) desertC) chaparralD) savannaE) tropical deciduous forest

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28) If global warming raises sea levels rapidly due to the melting of glaciers but does not changewater temperatures, what will likely be the direct effect on coral reefs throughout the world?A) Coral reefs in shallow waters will grow more rapidly due to added protection againstharmful UV radiation.

B) Coral reefs will be stimulated to grow faster due to the dilution of the seawater's saltcontent.

C) Productivity will increase as nutrients trapped in the glacial ice are released and spreadthroughout the oceans by currents.

D) Productivity will decrease as the pure water from the glaciers dilutes the nutrients in thesea.

E) Coral reefs in deep waters will die because insufficient light reaches them forphotosynthesis.

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29) In aquatic ecosystems, the highest nutrients levels are found in areas that have:A) the highest temperatures.B) the fewest sediments.C) the highest light levels.D) the lowest light levels.E) the lowest oxygen levels.

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30) The part of a rocky shore in which barnacles, oysters, mussels, limpets, and brown algae aremost common is called theA) littoral or intertidal zone. B) supralittoral or supratidal zone.C) superlittoral or supertidal zone. D) infralittoral or subtidal zone.

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31) In ponds and lakes, the zone beneath the depth of effective light penetration but above thebottom is referred to as theA) profundal zone. B) benthic zone.C) limnetic zone. D) littoral zone.

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32) The dominant autotrophs of the open water areA) phytoplankton. B) kelp.C) stromatolites. D) seagrasses.

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33) What is the dominant vegetation of the savanna?A) grassesB) lichens and scrub willowsC) trees with waxy needlesD) trees that lose their leavesE) cocoa

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34) Which of the following lakes is likely to be the most oligotrophic?A) large and shallow B) small and deepC) small and shallow D) large and deep

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35) Distribution patterns of biomes can be determined based almost entirely onA) both mean annual temperature and precipitation.B) only mean annual temperature.C) the distribution of soils.D) global weather patterns.

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36) In the fall, the trees in a temperate deciduous forest lose their leaves primarily as an adaptationto:A) lack of available water.B) changing light.C) excess rainfall.D) cooler temperatures.E) lack of accessible nutrients.

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37) Plants that root and grow on other plants in the tropical rain forest are calledA) phreatophytes. B) epiphytes.C) halophytes. D) succulents.

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38) Which of these ecosystems accounts for the largest amount of Earth's net primary productivity?A) open oceanB) savannaC) tundraD) tropical rain forestE) salt marsh

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39) Which of the following North American biomes has been almost completely destroyed byagricultural use?A) tundraB) grasslandC) desertD) temperate deciduous forestE) taiga

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40) Decomposition rates in the tropical rain forest areA) fast due to highly fertile soils.B) slow due to inhibition of decomposition by moisture.C) fast due to near optimal conditions for decomposers.D) slow due to stored soil organic matter pools from which plants draw nutrients.

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41) Pronounced wet and dry seasons and warm temperatures are characteristic of:A) tropical rain forests.B) deserts.C) savannas.D) chaparrals.E) tropical deciduous forests.

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42) Fire suppression by humansA) is necessary for the protection of threatened and endangered forest species.B) will result ultimately in sustainable production of increased amounts of forest productsfor human use.

C) is a management goal of conservation biologists to maintain the healthy condition of forestcommunities.

D) can change the species composition within biological communities.E) will always result in an increase in species diversity in a given biome.

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43) In lakes and ponds, photosynthesis occurs primarily in theA) limnetic zone. B) benthic zone.C) profundal zone. D) lotic zone.

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44) The cells of reef-building corals are inhabited by symbiotic species ofA) bacteria. B) fungi.C) cyanobacteria. D) algae.

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45) Why is the human-caused damage to coral reefs of particular concern?A) Reefs are not particularly sensitive to human-caused disturbance.B) The physical structure of reefs has an important influence on the movement of oceancurrents.

C) Reefs provide food and shelter for the world's most diverse collection of marineinvertebrates and fish.

D) Reefs function in the detoxification of marine pollutants.E) Reefs represent unique ecosystems that obtain energy through chemosynthesis rather thanphotosynthesis.

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46) The major concentrations of life in the oceans are found in:A) deep, large oceans due to high nutrient concentrations.B) the anoxic zone.C) the oligotrophic zone due to clear and clean water.D) regions of upwelling and in shallow coastal waters.E) the aphotic zone due to high light levels.

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47) Large grazing ungulates and burrowing animals are most abundant inA) deserts. B) temperate shrubland.C) tropical rain forest. D) temperate grassland.

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48) The ________ is the zone near the shore of a lake where a diverse group of organisms lives andwhere light and nutrients are abundant.A) profundalB) phytoplanktonC) littoralD) limneticE) stratification

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49) In a tropical rain forest, the majority of animals are found:A) on the forest floor.B) in the soil.C) in the towering treetops.D) in the cleared areas.E) in the shorter trees.

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50) The animals shown in the photographs are found in which biome?

A) tundraB) tropical rain forestC) tallgrass prairieD) savannaE) taiga

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