exams on science,
TRANSCRIPT
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Departament Física i Química131209 SCIENCE: The Solar System 1. (1 mark) The relative distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 5,2. What does this
quantity mean? What is the distance, in km, from the Sun to Jupiter? The distance from the Sun to the Earth is 150.000.000 km.
2. (1,5 mark) In this graph is represented on vertical axis the speed of planets in its
motion around the Sun in meters per second, m/s, and on horizontal axis the relative distance to the Sun.
a. How does the speed of planet change when the distance to the Sun increases?
b. What is the fastest planet?
c. What is the orbital speed of Saturn?
d. What is the relative distance from the Sun to Saturn? (approximately). 3. (1 mark) Name the hotter planets and name the colder planets. Try to explain why it
happens.
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10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Relative Distance to the Sun
Speed of planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
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4. (2 mark) How are the seasons created? Explain making a draw to illustrate your
explanation. Make a draw showing the following elements
5. (1 mark) How does daytime and nitghttime occur on planets?
6. (1 mark) Why do we see different shapes of the Moon? Draw the sun, the Earth and the Moon, when is New Moon.
Sun Earth Rotation Earth axis Earth’s orbital path and direction
Spring, summer, autumn, winter For all position, daytime and nighttime
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7. (1 mark) What is an eclipse? Represent a solar eclipse drawing the relative position
of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon. 8. (1,5 mark) Explain how can you see any object, for example the blackboard, from
any position in class. Make a draw and represent in it all the elements that you need to see anything. What type of reflection produces the blackboard?
9. (0,5 mark) How is umbra and penumbra produced? Make a draw.
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Worksheet 2 Name: ; date Questions 1. How many planets are in the Solar System? Name them. 2. Is the Sun a planet? Explain it. 3. What is a Moon? Represent, drawing them, the Sun, a Planet and a Moon. How are
they moving? 4. Which are the motions of the Planets? 5. Explain what is an Orbital period. What is the Jupiter’s orbital period? 6. Explain what a Rotation period. How many days is Mars’ rotation period?
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8. The Sun and planets are huge balls, what is the diameter of those balls? Help you
drawing a ball and represent its diameter. 9. Which planet has the bigger diameter? 10. What do you understand when we say that the relative diameter of a planet to the
Earth is 2? And its relative diameter was 0,38 on the Earth 11.
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Worksheet 3: 1. How far away is the Sun from the Earth?
2. What is the hottest planet in the Solar System? 3. How many stars are in the Solar System? 4. Name all the planets that have rings. 5. What is the coldest planet in the Solar System? 6. Name all the planets and Moons people have walked on. 7. Why are there daytime and nighttime on planets? Draw the Sun and a planet and
represent on it where is daytime and where is nigh time. 8. What are the seasons? How are the seasons created?
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9. Why do we see different shapes of the Moon? Draw the sun, the Earth and the
Moon, when is New Moon. 10. What is an eclipse? Represent a solar eclipse drawing the relative position of the
Sun, the Earth and the Moon. 11. How long does it take light from the Sun to reach Venus? The speed of light is
300000 km/s and the distance from the Sun to Venus is 109000000 km.
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HOW TO CONVERT UNITS
23 km; 23000 m: Are these lengths equals? You know that the answer is YES. All we need is to know that:
1km = 1000 m. As you know, it is possible to write this identity as a fraction:
! !"!""" !
𝑜𝑟 !""" !!!"
The question is: which of these two last Conversion Factor do we need to convert “km” to “m”? We need the expression that can cancel “km” and leave “m” above. As we show: 23 𝑘𝑚 = !" !"
!;
→ 23 𝑘𝑚1
·1000 𝑚1𝑘𝑚
= 23000 𝑚 Example 1: The distance from Maó to Sant Lluís is 3325 m. Write this distance in km. Solution:
3325 𝑚 = !!"# !
! ; à !!"# !
!· ! !"!""" !
= !!"#·! !"!·!"""
= 3,325 𝑘𝑚 Remember what you have learned in Mathematics: !
!· !!= ! · !
! . != !"
!"
Are they the same person?
We call this expression “CONVERSION FACTOR”
Conversion Factor
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Exercise 1: Write the Conversion Factor associated to this identity:
• 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) = 150.000.000 km à
• 1 meter (m) = 100 cm à
• 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds à
• 1 hour = 60 minutes à
• 1 day = 24 hours à
• 1 year = 365 days à
• 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) à
Exercise 2:
• 55 min à seconds
• 4,3 hours à minutes
• 31 days à hours
• 2,4 years à days
• 492 second à minute
• 200 day à years
• 7284-gram à kg. Exercise 3: The distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 5,2 AU. Convert this distance to km.
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THE AVERAGE SPEED Speed is a property of moving bodies. The average speed of an object is the distance travelled by the object divided by total time from start to finish. We write this concept using an equation that relates, speed “v”, distance “d” and time “t”.
𝒗 =𝒅𝒕
Example 2: Matthias is walking along the corridor and travels 50 m in 45 seconds. Find his average speed. Solution:
• Distance, d = 50 m • Time, t = 45 s • Equation, 𝑣 = !
!
We solve the equation for “v”: 𝑣 = !!= !" !
!" != 1,1 𝑚/𝑠 à v=1,1 m/s.
It is possible to find the distance that Matthias has travelled if you know the speed and time previously. Example 3: Matthias’ average speed is 1,1 m/s when he is moving along corridor and takes 45 s to move from the Physics lab to the library. What is the length Matthias has travelled? Solution:
• Speed, v =1,1 𝑚 𝑠 =!,! !!
= 1,1!!
• Time, t = 45 s • Equation, 𝑣 = !
!
Now we want to know the distance from the physic lab to the library. We need to find “d” from our equation: 𝑑 = 𝑣 · 𝑡 Then; 𝑑 = 1,1 !
!· 45 𝑠 = 50 𝑚 à d=50 m.
Remember what you have learned in Mathematics: !"!= 12 ; à 24=12 · 2
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Also it’s possible to find the time “t” that Matthias takes from the lab to the library if we know its speed and the distance from lab to library. Example 4: Matthias is walking at 1,1 m/s. How long does it takes Matthias to move along 50 meters? Solution:
• Distance, d= 50 m • Speed, v =1,1 𝑚 𝑠 =
!,! !!
= 1,1!!
• Time, “t” • Equation, 𝑣 = !
!
If we solve the equation for time “t” à 𝑡 = !!
𝑡 = !!= !" !
!,! ! != 45𝑠
Exercise 4: We have seen the equations: 𝑣 = !
!; 𝑑 = 𝑣 · 𝑡; 𝑡 = !
!
Are they three different equations? Are they the same equation written in different ways? Exercise 5: The distance from Maó to Ciutadella is 45 km. Find the average speed of our car if it takes 36 minutes in this trip. Write the answer in km/min and km/h. Exercise 6: The faster snail moves at 1,3 cm/s. How long does it take the snail to move 1 m? Exercise 7: The fastest possible speed is the speed of light in a vacuum, v = c= 300.000 km/s. If the light takes 8,2 minutes from the Sun to reach the Earth,
a. How many seconds are 8,2 minutes? b. What is the distance from the Sun to the Earth in km?
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Name and surname: Exercises 1. Convert units:
a. 2,34 km à m
b. 200 days à years
c. 19,1 AU à km
d. 72 km/h à km/s and then: convert to à m/s. 2. An athlete runs 100 m in 12 seconds. Find its average speed. 3. The speed of light in a vacuum is 300.000 km/s. How long does it take
the light from the Sun to Uranus? The distance from the Sun to Uranus is 19,1 AU.
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Exam: Matter 140324 1. (1) From the drawing, identify the state of the substances and their
formula.
2. (1) Classify the systems represented below. For each one:
• Is there only one substance? • Which are their states? • Is there any solution? Why?
3. (0,5) From its formula and its state, draw the substance using its molecules.
Iron Oxygen Water Sodium hydroxide Na
O
H
Mercury, Hg (liquid) Chlorine, Cl2
(gas) CS2 ; liquid. FeO ; Solid
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4. (0,5) What is bigger, a star or a galaxy? Why?
a. Have the iron atoms existed from the beginning of the universe?
b. Why are hydrogen atoms the most abundant in the universe? 5. (1) Explain how a hot air balloon works? What happens to the molecules inside the
balloon when the air is heated? 6. (1) How do we know when a chemical reaction has taken place? 7. (1) Label each process as a physical process or a chemical reaction: Phy. CR Phy CR Butter melting Freezing water to make ice cubs Burning butane Melting gold to make jewellery Autumn leaves changing colour Digesting food Perfume evaporate Fogging a mirror with your breath Melting copper metal Cooking potatoes Iron become oxide, rust Mixing sugar with coffee Writing on paper Frying chicken Burning papers Fruit changes its colour and it
becomes a darker colour.
Paper ripping From grapes we produce wine. 8. (0,5) Carbon dioxide: Where is the carbon dioxide produced?
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9. Propane, C3H8, is a gas and we use it for cooking.
a. (0,25) What do we need to burn propane?
b. (0,5) What gas is produced when we burn propane? Write the word equation.
c. (0,25) Why are combustions so important for humans?
10. (0,5) Darakth has three balloons, which
are filled with different gases. Which balloon holds:
a. Air? b. Hydrogen? c. Carbon dioxide? Explain your answer.
11. (0,25) Is carbon dioxide a toxic gas? Why?
(0,25) Is carbon dioxide the gas that we take from the air to breath?
12. (0,5) Why is carbon dioxide so important? 13. (0,5) Why are combustions related to the Earth warming up? Name this effect.
Hydrogen
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14. (0,5) Analyse the following
graph. The chaotic line represents how the temperature has changed a long the last 1000 years until now. The other line shows how the amount of carbon dioxide has been changed along these years in the atmosphere.
a. What do different numbers represent?
b. Describe the most important changes that shown by this graphic. When (year) did these changes happen?
Year
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Exam: THE EARTH. 140526 1. (0,5) As you know, the Moon is moving away from the Earth 3,8 cm per year.
How long does it take the Moon to increase the distance from the Earth 0,76 meters?
2. (0,5) Name the different layers of the Earth. For each layer indicate their state
(solid, liquid or gas) 3. (0,4) True or falls:
a. The story of the Earth began about 450 million of years. b. The Earth’s surface is moving all the time. c. Millions of years ago all the continents were together. d. The Earth and the Moon were born at same time.
4. Convection Currents
a. (0,5) Explain the meaning of convection currents. Explain our experience on convection currents in the laboratory.
b. (0,2) Which is Earth’s layer where convections currents are produced? c. (0,3) What is the cause of convection currents in this Earth layer?
5. Tectonic Plates:
a. (0,2) What are tectonic plates?
b. (0,2) What do convergent boundaries mean? What do divergent boundaries mean? Do a scheme.
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c. (0,1) Where is new tectonic material created, where it is destroyed?
d. (0,2) Why is the oceanic crust always pushed below continental crust?
e. (0,3) What is the cause of earthquakes?
6. The Earth atmosphere:
a. (0,4) 4 thousands of million of years ago did the Earth’s atmosphere have the same composition as now? Use the opposite graph to explain the atmospheric composition at this time.
b. (0,2) When did the seas appear?
c. (0,4) When did oxygen appear in the atmosphere? How was the oxygen produced?
7. (1,0) Represent inside the squares the air molecules taking into account that
there are 4 nitrogen molecules, N2, by each of oxygen, O2. Represent the air molecules at sea level and at 10 km altitude.
Thousands of million of years
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8. (0,4) At sea level the air density is about 1,2 g/L. If we have a balloon filled with
7,5 l of air, what is its mass? 9. (0,6) Explain how the Cartesian Diver (Descartes devil) works. 10. Carbon Cycle:
a. (0,2) Name places or processes where carbon dioxide is produced.
b. (0,2) How is the carbon dioxide reduced from the atmosphere?
c. (0,1) Is the carbon dioxide a toxic gas? Why?
d. (0,5) What will happen if the amount of carbon dioxide is greatly increased in the atmosphere? Name and explain this Effect.
11. (0,6) Write the chemical reaction when we burn petrol? Petrol + à + + Are there some relation between combustion reactions and atmospheric pollution?
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12. (1,0) When we breath inhale
• N2, 78,4% • O2, 20,8% • CO2, 0,04% • H2O vapour, 0,76%
Which gasses are increased and which are reduced when we exhale? Why?
13. (1,0) Draw a representation of Water Cycle. Name all the processes that happen in this cycle. What makes the water cycle works?
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Exam 1stC ESO 140611 1. (0,5) What is a chemical reaction?
2. (0,5) Label each process as a physical process or a chemical reaction: Phy. CR Phy CR Butter melting Freezing water to make ice cubes Burning butane Melting gold to make jewellery Autumn leaves changing colour Digesting food Perfume evaporate Fogging a mirror with your breath Melting copper metal Cooking potatoes Iron become oxide, rust Mixing sugar with coffee Writing on paper Frying chicken Burning papers Fruit changes its colour and
becomes darker.
3. We inhale
• N2, 78,4% • O2, 20,8% • CO2, 0,04% • H2O vapour, 0,76%
a. (0,5) Draw these molecules. b. (0,6) Which gasses are increased and which are reduced when we
exhale? • Increase:
• Decrease:
c. (0,6) Why we need to breath oxygen? What kind of chemical reaction is
produced with the oxygen? Write the chemical equation.
d. (0,5) In winter the air’s temperature is about 15ºC, what happens to the air that we inhale if our lungs are at 36ºC?
4. (0,4) Fill de gaps: Men feed on organic matter that is already elaborated, and then man can be classified as ___________. Men eat meat and vegetables, so he is __________. All the processes that enable living things to obtain energy we call ___________. Some living things produce their own food and we name them ____________, for example _____________.
5. (0,4) How do the plants make their own food?
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6. (0,5) Explain how a hot air balloon works?
a. (0,5) What happens to the molecules inside the balloon when the air is heated?
b. (0,5) What happens to the density of air inside the balloon?
7. (1,2) Explain what would happen if suddenly the carbon dioxide disappear from the
Earth atmosphere. a. To plants. Why?
b. To the Earth. Why? 8. (0,8) What will happen if the amount of carbon dioxide is greatly increased in
the atmosphere? Name and explain this effect. 9. (1,0) What would happen if the Sun’s rays couldn’t arrive to the Earth?
a. Plants.
b. Water. 10. (0,5) Explain what are the convection currents. 11. (0,5) What produces the convection currents in the Earth’s Mantle? 12. (0,5) Why are tectonic plates moving? Draw scheme.