Fire Risk Forum RiskTOOLS

From Toolbox: Excel TemplatesListed: September 2003

Spreadsheet Templates For Fire Dynamics Calculations(c) 2003 Frederick W. Mowrer – all rights reserved

Author:Frederick W. Mowrer, Ph.D.Department of Fire Protection EngineeringUniversity of Maryland at College Park

College Park, MD 20742

This Excel workbook contains a number of templates for calculating different aspects of building fire dynamics. For documentation and references see Mowrer; Spreadsheet Templates for Fire Dynamics Calculations. Listed in the Fire Risk Forum RiskTOOLS - Reports Section

Notice to Users:These spreadsheet templates are provided as-is.No representations or warranties are made regarding theirsuitability for a particular application. The author of these templateshas no control over their application and therefore accepts noresponsibility for their use. The author believes the templates accurately perform the calculations described in the documentation,but it is the responsibility of the user to confirm that the template isperforming the calculations anticipated by the user. It should berecognized that the calculations performed by these templatesincorporate certain assumptions and approximations regarding thechemical and physical processes being modeled. People usingand reviewing calculations performed with these templates shouldbe familiar with the limitations associated with their use.

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ATRIATMP.XLS: Estimate of atrium smoke temperature

INPUT PARAMETERS

HEIGHT (Z) 6 m

HRR (Q) 5000 kW

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

TEMP RISE (dT) 60 C

MAX Q 29364 kW

BUOYHEAD.XLS: Buoyant gas head, velocity and flow caused by a smoke layer

INPUT PARAMETERS

ELEVATION DIFFERENCE (Z) 2 m

SMOKE TEMPERATURE (Tu) 200 C

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (To) 20 C

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL (dP) 9.0 Pascals

GAS VELOCITY (v) 3.2 m/s

UNIT MASS FLOW RATE (M") 2.38 kg/s/m2

BURNRATE.XLS: Estimate of fuel burning rate history

INPUT PARAMETERS CALCULATED PARAMETERSFUEL Polyurethane foam

FUEL DENSITY (p) 25 kg/m3HEAT OF COMB (dHc) 30 MJ/kg FIRE AREA (Af) 7.07 m2

FUEL QUANTITY (V) 5000 liters FUEL DEPTH (d) 707.36 mmFIRE DIAMETER (D) 3 m ENERGY CONTENT (E) 3750.00 MJ

PEAK UNIT HRR (Q") 1000 kW/m2 PEAK HRR (Qmax) 7069 kWFIRE GROWTH RATE (k) 0.4 kW/s2 BURNOUT TIME (tbo) 531 s

TIME (s) HRR (kW)0.0 0

106.1 4503 212.2 7069 318.3 7069 424.4 7069 530.5 7069 636.6 2565 742.7 0 848.8 0 954.9 0

1061.0 0

0.0

200.

0

400.

0

600.

0

800.

0

1000

.0

1200

.0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000 BURNRATE

Time (s)

HR

R (

kW)

CJTEMP.XLS: Estimate of temperature rise in unconfined and confined ceiling jets

Version 2. (1/23/97)

INPUT PARAMETERS

HEAT RELEASE RATE(Q) 800 kW

CONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -

CEILING HEIGHT (H) 2.7 m

RADIAL DISTANCE (R) 5.4 m

FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 1 -

ROOM LENGTH (L) 9.15 m

ROOM WIDTH (W) 4.27 m

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

CONVECTIVE HRR (Qc) 560 kW

FLAME HEIGHT (Zfl) 2.9 m

PLUME TEMP. RISE @ CEILING(dTpl) 412 C

UNCONFINED CEILING JET TEMP. RISE (dTcj) 78 C

CONFINED CEILING JET TEMP. RISE (dTcj) 90 C

HOT GAS LAYER TIME (tHGL) 44 s

FIRE LOCATION FACTORS kLF

FIRE IN OPEN 1

FIRE ALONG WALL 2

FIRE IN CORNER 4

DETACT.XLS: Estimate of the response time of ceiling mounted fire detectors

INPUT PARAMETERS CALCULATED PARAMETERSCalculation reset 1 0 or 1 R/H 4 -Ceiling height (H) 3 m W/H 4 -

Room width (W) 12 m Temperature factor 0.11906 -Radial distance (R) 12 m Velocity factor 0.16379 -

Ambient temperature (To) 20 C Calculation time (t) Err:523 sActuation temperature (Ta) 57 C Fire HRR (Q) Err:523 kW

Rate of rise rating (ROR) 8.3 C/min Gas temperature (Tg) Err:523 CResponse time index (RTI) 124 (m-s)1/2 Gas velocity (Ug) Err:523 m/s

Fire growth power (n) 2 - ROR at detector Err:523 C/minFire growth coefficient (k) 0.047 kW/s^n Detector temp (Td) Err:523 CFire location factor (kLF) 1 - Detection trigger Err:523 Err:523

Representative t2 coeff. k CALCULATION RESULTS FT RORSlow 0.003 Transport lag time (tl) 53 53 s

Medium 0.012 Detection time (td) Err:523 Err:523 sFast 0.047 HRR at detection (Qd) Err:523 Err:523 kW

Ultrafast 0.400 HRR w/transport lag (Ql+d) Err:523 Err:523 kW< Press PgDn key for additional results >

Calculation time (s) HRR Gas temp Det. temp0 0 20 20

30 Err:523 Err:523 Err:52360 Err:523 Err:523 Err:52390 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523

120 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523150 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523180 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523210 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523240 Err:523 Err:523 Err:523

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

1

1

DETACT

Gas temp Det. temp HRR

TIME (s)

TE

MP

(C

)

HR

R (

kW

)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

1

1

DETACT

Gas temp Det. temp HRR

TIME (s)

TE

MP

(C

)

HR

R (

kW

)

FLAMSPRD.XLS: Calculation of lateral flame spread velocity

INPUT PARAMETERSSURFACE TEMPERATURE (Ts) 185 CIGNITION TEMPERATURE (Tig) 385 C

FLAME SPREAD PARAMETER (PHI/kpc) 43 K2m/sCALCULATED PARAMETERS

FLAME SPREAD VELOCITY (Vfl) 0.001075 m/s

REPRESENTATIVE FLAME SPREAD PARAMETER VALUES:MATERIAL PHI/kpc Tig Ts,min

WOOD PANEL (S178M) 43 385 155PLYWOOD, PLAIN (1/4 in) 16 390 170PLYWOOD, PLAIN (1/2 in) 24 390 120PLYWOOD, FR (1/2 in) * 620 620PARTICLEBOARD, DOUGLAS FIR (1/2 in) 14 382 210PARTICLEBOARD (1/2 in stock) 5 412 275CHIPBOARD (S118M) 11 390 180FIBERBOARD, LOW DENSITY (S119M) 42 330 90FIBER INSULATION BOARD 5 355 210HARDBOARD (1/8 in) 12 365 40HARDBOARD (1/4 in) 2 298 170HARDBOARD (S159M) 18 372 80HARDBOARD (GLOSS PAINT) (1/8 in) 3 400 320HARDBOARD (nitrocellulose paint) 12 400 180GYPSUM BOARD (1/2 in) 32 565 425GYPSUM BOARD, FR (1/2 in) 23 510 300GYPSUM BOARD, WALLPAPER (S142M) 1 412 240PMMA POLYCAST (1.6 mm) 8 278 120PMMA TYPE G (1/2 in) 14 378 90POLYCARBONATE (1.5 mm) 13 528 455POLYURETHANE (S353M) 82 280 105PU FOAM, FLEXIBLE (1 in) 37 390 120PU FOAM, RIGID (1 in) 141 435 215POLYISOCYANURATE (2 in) 201 445 275GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (2.2 mm) 31 390 80GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (1.1 mm) 6 400 365CARPET (acrylic) 24 300 165CARPET (Nylon/Wool blend) 16 412 265CARPET #1 (Wool, stock) 17 465 450CARPET #2 (Wool, untreated) 30 435 335CARPET #2 (Wool, treated) 4 455 365

FLASHOVR.XLS: Estimates of the HRR needed to cause flashover(F/O)

INPUT PARAMETERS

ROOM LENGTH (L) 3.7 m

ROOM WIDTH (W) 2.4 m

ROOM HEIGHT (H) 2.4 m

OPENING WIDTH (Wo) 0.76 m

OPENING HEIGHT (Ho) 2.03 m

BOUNDARY CONDUCTIVITY (k) 0.00048 kW/m.K

BOUNDARY THICKNESS (d) 0.016 m

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

BOUNDARY SURFACE AREA (At) 45.50 m2

VENTILATION FACTOR 2.20 m^5/2

BABRAUSKAS F/O PREDICTION 1649 kW

MQH F/O PREDICTION 1057 kW

THOMAS F/O PREDICTION 1198 kW

FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuelsIDEAL MASS YIELDS MEASURED YIELDS

CHEM. FORMULA OVER VENTILATED OVER VENTILATED UNDER VENT.FUEL C H O N Cl MW r rho(l) m" dHc Q" dHv T(boil) Cp(l) LFL UFL f(CO2) f(H2O) f(HCl) f(CO2) f(CO) Dm f(CO) Dm

ALKANESMethane 1 4 16 17.16 50.03 - -162 5.3 15 2.75 2.25 0 0.175Ethane 2 6 30 16 47.49 - -88.6 3 12.5 2.9333 1.8 0 2.9 0.001 0.024Propane 3 8 44 15.6 46.36 - -42.2 2.2 9.5 3 1.6364 0 2.85 0.005 0.081 0.229Butane 4 10 58 15.38 573 0.078 45.72 3566 - -0.5 2.3 1.9 8.4 3.0345 1.5517 0 2.88 0.006 0.155Pentane 5 12 72 15.25 44.98 0.357 36 2.33 1.4 7.8 3.0556 1.5 0Hexane 6 14 86 15.16 650 0.074 44.74 3311 0.335 68.7 2.24 1.2 7.4 3.0698 1.4651 0 0.195Heptane 7 16 100 15.1 675 0.101 44.56 4501 0.316 98.4 2.2 1.2 6.7 3.08 1.44 0 2.86 0.01 0.19Octane 8 18 114 15.05 44.44 0.301 125.6 2.2 0.8 3.2 3.0877 1.4211 0 2.84 0.011 0.196Nonane 9 20 128 15 44.33 0.295 150.6 2.1 0.7 2.9 3.0938 1.4063 0Decane 10 22 142 15 44.24 0.276 174.1 2.19 0.6 5.4 3.0986 1.3944 0Kerosene 14 30 198 14.91 820 0.039 44 1716 232 0.6 5.6Hexadecane 16 34 226 14.88 43.95 0.226 286.7 2.22 3.115 1.354 0ALCOHOLSMethanol 1 4 1 32 6.435 796 0.017 19.94 339 1.101 64.8 2.37 6.7 36.5 1.375 1.125 0 1.3 0.001 0.236Ethanol 2 6 1 46 8.953 794 0.015 26.81 402 0.837 78.5 2.43 3.3 19 1.913 1.1739 0 1.86 0.002 0.219Propanol 3 8 1 60 10.3 30.68 0.686 97.2 2.23 2.2 13.5 2.2 1.2 0 2.13 0.002 0.168Butanol 4 10 1 74 11.13 1.4 11.3 2.3784 1.2162 0Amyl alcohol 5 12 1 88 11.7 34.49 0.501 132 2.9 1.2 10 2.5 1.2273 0ALKENESEthylene 2 4 28 14.71 47.17 - -104 2.38 2.7 28.6 3.1429 1.2857 0 2.86 0.013 0.201Propylene 3 6 42 14.71 45.79 - -47.7 2.1 11.1 3.1429 1.2857 0 2.8 0.02 0.229 0.2Butene 4 8 56 14.71 45.31 - -6.2 1.6 9.9 3.1429 1.2857 0Pentene 5 10 70 14.71 44.64 0.359 30 2.16 1.4 9.7 3.1429 1.2857 0Hexene 6 12 84 14.71 44.44 0.333 63.5 2.18 3.1429 1.2857 0Heptene 7 14 98 14.71 44.31 0.317 93.6 2.17 3.1429 1.2857 0Octene 8 16 112 14.71 44.2 0.301 121.3 2.19 3.1429 1.2857 0ALKYNES and DIENESAcetylene 2 2 26 13.2 48.22 - -84 3.3846 0.6923 0 2.57 0.045 0.315Propyne 3 4 40 13.73 46.17 - -23.3 3.3 0.9 0Propadiene 3 4 40 13.73 46.35 - -34.6 3.3 0.9 0Butadiene 4 6 54 14 45.51 - 10.8 3.2593 1 0 2.41 0.048 0.319Pentadiene 5 8 68 14.13 44.71 0.405 44.9 2.21 3.2353 1.0588 0AROMATICS

FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuelsBenzene 6 6 78 13.2 740 0.048 40.14 0.389 80.1 1.72 1.2 7.1 3.3846 0.6923 0 2.3 0.065 0.361Toluene 7 8 92 13.43 40.52 0.36 110.4 1.67 1.3 6.8 3.3478 0.7826 0 0.107Xylene 8 10 106 13.6 870 0.09 40.82 0.343 140 1.72 1.1 7 3.3208 0.8491 0

FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels|::KETONESAcetone 3 6 1 58 9.468 28.56 0.501 56.5 2.12 2.6 12.8 2.2759 0.931 0 2.21 0.003 0.304MEK 4 8 1 72 10.49 31.46 0.434 79.6 2.3 1.8 9.5 2.4444 1 0 2.37 0.003POLYMERSCellulose (pine) 6 10 5 162 5.084 16.12 1.16 1.6296 0.5556 0 1.3 0.004 0.038 0.138Melamine 6 6 6 162 6.356 18.52 1.46 1.6296 0.3333 0Nylon 6 6 11 1 1 113 10 29 1.52 2.3363 0.8761 0 2.06 0.038 0.23Polyester 6 6 2 102 8.809 25 1.75 2.4996 0.5538 0 1.65 0.07Polyethylene 2 4 28 14.71 43.2 2.05 3.1429 1.2857 0 2.76 0.024 0.23 0.18Polypropylene 3 6 42 14.71 905 0.018 43.23 2.1 3.1429 1.2857 0 2.79 0.024 0.24Polystyrene 8 8 104 13.2 1050 0.034 39.7 1.4 3.3846 0.6923 0 2.33 0.06 0.335Polyurethane 6.3 7.1 2.1 1 130.3 7.401 22.7 1.8 2.1274 0.4904 0 1.55 0.01 0.3PMMA 5 8 2 100 8.237 1184 0.02 24.88 1.44 2.2 0.72 0 2.12 0.01 0.109 0.189PVC 2 3 1 62.5 6.04 16.9 1.05 1.408 0.288 0.584 0.46 0.063 0.4

FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels|::STORED COMMODITIES Q" tg (s)1. Wood pallets, stacked 1-1/2 ft high (6-12% moisture) 1419 150-3102. Wood pallets, stacked 5 ft high (6-12% moisture) 3973 90-1903. Wood pallets, stacked 10 ft high (6-12% moisture) 6810 80-1104. Wood pallets, stacked 16 ft high (6-12% moisture) ### 75-1055. Mail bags, filled, stacked 5 ft high 397 1906. Cartons, compartmented, stacked 15 ft high 1703 607. PE letter trays, filled, stacked 5 ft high on cart 8513 1808. PE trash barrels in cartons, stacked 15 ft high 1986 559. PE fiberglass shower stalls in cartons, stacked 15 ft high 1419 8510. PE bottles packed in item 6 6243 8511. PE bottles in cartons, stacked 15 ft high 1986 7512. PU insulation board, rigid foam, stacked 15 ft high 1930 813. PS jars packed in item 6 ### 5514. PS tubs nested in cartons, stacked 14 ft high 5391 12015. PS toy parts in cartons, stacked 15 ft high 2043 12516. PS insulation board, rigid foam, stacked 14 ft high 3292 617. PVC bottles packed in item 6 3405 9518. PP tubs packed in item 6 4427 10019. PP & PE film in rolls, stacked 14 ft high 6243 40

FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels|::FURNITURE (BABRAUSKAS AND KRASNY, 1985)STYLE ID MASS FUEL FRAME PADDING FABRIC INTERLINERm(pk) Q(pk)Easy chair C12 18 17 Wood Cotton Nylon - 19 290Easy chair F22 32 Wood Cotton (FR) Cotton - 25 370Easy chair F23 31 Wood Cotton (FR) Olefin - 42 700Easy chair F27 29 Wood Mixed Cotton - 58 920Easy chair F28 29 Wood Mixed Cotton - 42 730Easy chair CO213 12 Wood Cotton,PU Olefin - 13.2 800Easy chair CO314 13 Wood Cotton,PU Cotton - 17.5 460Easy chair CO113 12 Wood Cotton,PU Cotton - 17.5 260Easy chair CO412 11 Wood PU Nylon - 75.7 1350Easy chair C16 19 18 Wood PU Nylon Neoprene #N/A 180Easy chair F25 28 Wood PU Olefin - 80 1990Easy chair T66 23 Wood PU,polyester Cotton - 27.7 640Easy chair F21 28 Wood PU(FR) Olefin - 83 1970Easy chair F24 28 Wood PU(FR) Cotton - 46 700Easy chair C13 19 18 Wood PU Nylon Neoprene 15 230Easy chair C14 22 21 Wood PU Olefin Neoprene 13.7 220Easy chair C15 22 21 Wood PU Olefin Neoprene 13.1 210Easy chair T49 16 Wood PU Cotton - 14.3 210Easy chair F26 19 Wood PU(FR) Olefin - 61 810Loveseat F33 39 Wood Mixed Cotton - 75 940Loveseat F31 40 Wood PU(FR) Olefin - 130 2890Sofa F32 52 Wood PU(FR) OLefin - 145 3120Loveseat T57 55 Wood PU,cotton PVC - 61.9 1100Office chair T56 11 Wood Latex PVC - 3.1 80Foam block chair CO917 16 Wood (part) PU, polyeste PU - 19.9 460Easy chair CO711 11 PS foam PU PU - 38 960Pedestal chair C10 12 8.6 Rigid PU PU PU - 15.2 240Foam block chair C11 14 14 - PU Nylon - #N/A 810Easy chair F29 14 PP foam PU Olefin - 72 1950Easy chair F30 25 Rigid PU PU Olefin - 41 1060Ped. swivel chair CO816 15 Molded PE PU PVC - 112 830Bean bag chair CO57.3 7.3 - PS PVC - 22.2 370Foam back chair CO620 20 - PU Acrylic - 151 2480Wait. room chair T50 17 Metal Cotton PVC - #N/A <10

FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuelsWait. room chair T53 16 1.9 Metal PU PVC - 13.1 270Loveseat T54 27 5.8 Metal PU PVC - 19.9 370Stack chairs (4) T757.5 (x4)2.6 Metal PU PVC - 7.2 160

FUELDATA.WQ1: Thermophysical and burning rate data for some common fuels|::CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPICAL FURNISHINGS AS IGNITION SOURCES (BABRAUSKAS AND KRASNY, 1985)ITEM MASS Qtot (MJ) Qmax (kW) COMMENTWaste paper baskets 0.73-1. 0.7-7.3 4-18Curtains, cotton velvet 1.9 24 160-240Curtains, acrylic/cotton 1.4 15-16 130-150TV sets 27-33 145-150 120-290Christmas trees, dry - 6 ft. 6.5-7.4 11-41 500-650CHARACTERISTICS OF IGNITION SOURCES (BABRAUSKAS AND KRASNY, 1985)ITEM Mass (g) Q (kW) (typ.) Burn time (s) COMMENTCigarette 1.1 0.005 1200 Not puffedMethenamine pill 0.15 0.045 90 Used for carpet "pill" testMatch, wooden 0.08 20-30 Laid on solid surfaceWood cribs (BS 5852 Part 2)

No. 4 8.5 1 190No. 5 17 1.9 200No. 6 60 2.6 190No. 7 126 6.4 350

Crumpled brown lunch bag 6 1.2 80Crumpled wax paper (tight) 4.5 1.8 25Crumpled wax paper (loose) 4.5 5.3 20Folded double-sheet newspaper 22 4 100 Bottom ignitionCrumpled double-sheet newspaper 22 7.4 40 Top ignitionCrumpled double-sheet newspaper 22 17 20 Bottom ignitionPolyethylene wastebasket 285 50 200 Filled with 12 milk cartons (390 g)Plastic trash bags filled with trash 1.2-14 120-350 200 Depends on packing density

GASCONQS.XLS: Estimate of gas species concentrations under quasi-steady fire conditions

INPUT PARAMETERS

FUEL FLOW RATE (mf) 0.01 kg/s

FUEL HEAT OF COMB. (dHc) 44 MJ/kg

CO2 YIELD FACTOR (fCO2) 2.7 g/g fuel

CO YIELD FACTOR (fCO) 0.1 g/g fuel

H20 YIELD FACTOR (fH2O) 1.6 g/g fuel

HCl YIELD FACTOR (fHCl) 0 g/g fuel

AIR FLOW RATE (ma) 0.4 kg/s

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

FLOW EQUIVALENCE RATIO (PHI) 0.3666667 OVERVENTILATED

FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE (Q) 440 kW - FUEL CONTROLLED

FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE (mb) 0.01 kg/s

EXCESS FUEL FLOW RATE (mex) 0 kg/s

OXYGEN USE RATE (mO2) 0.0341721 kg/s

CALCULATION RESULTS

SPECIES N2 O2 CO2 CO

SPECIES MASS FRACTIONS (Ys) 0.748 0.144 0.066 0.002

SPECIES FLOW RATES (kg/s) 0.307 0.059 0.027 0.001

H2O HCl TUHC

0.039 0.000 0.000

0.016 0.000 0.000

IGNTIME.XLS: Estimate of the time to ignite a thermally thick solid exposed to a constant heat flux

INPUT PARAMETERS

THERMAL INERTIA OF MATERIAL (kpc) 0.28 (kW/m2-K)2/s

IGNITION TEMPERATURE (Tig) 350 C

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (To) 20 C

EXPOSURE HEAT FLUX (q") 50 kW/m2

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

IGNITION TIME (tig) 10 s

ENERGY INPUT FOR IGNITION (E") 479 kJ/m2

LAYDSCNT.XLS: Smoke layer descent rate due to entrainment only

INPUT PARAMETERS

ROOM AREA (A) 400 m2

CEILING HEIGHT (H) 7.6 m

FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE (Q) 1000 kW

MASS ENTRAIN. COEFF (km) 0.076

CALCULATION TIME (t) 60 s

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

FILLING TIME CONSTANT (tau) 163 s

SMOKE LAYER DEPTH (Zu) 2.13 m

TIME Zu Zl

0 0.0 7.6

60 2.1 5.5

120 3.4 4.2

180 4.3 3.3

240 4.9 2.7

300 5.3 2.3

360 5.6 2.0

420 5.9 1.7

480 6.1 1.5

LAYERTMP.XLS: Estimate of upper layer temperature using modified MQH correlation

INPUT PARAMETERSROOM LENGTH (L) 3.7 mROOM WIDTH (W) 2.4 m

ROOM HEIGHT (H) 2.4 mOPENING WIDTH (Wo) 0.76 m

OPENING HEIGHT (Ho) 2.03 mBOUNDARY CONDUCTIVITY (k) 0.00017 kW/m.K

BOUNDARY DENSITY (p) 960 kg/m3BOUNDARY SPEC. HEAT (cp) 1.1 kJ/kg.K

BOUNDARY THICKNESS (d) 0.0125 mFIRE HRR (Q) 40 kW

FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 4 -CALCULATION TIME (t) 300 s

CALCULATED PARAMETERSHEAT TRANSFER COEFF (hk) 0.0244622 kW/m2.K

BOUNDARY AREA (At) 47.04 m2VENTILATION FACTOR 2.20 m^5/2

TEMPERATURE RISE (dT) 93 C

LINEFIRE.XLS: Estimate of the mass balance for a compartment with a single wall opening and a line fire

INPUT PARAMETERSCALCULATION RESET 1 0 or 1 UL/SNL EXP 1

FIRE HRR (Q) 800 kWCONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -

FIRE HEIGHT (Hf) 0.3 mFIRE LENGTH (L) 1.5 m

FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 1OPENING HEIGHT (Ho) 2.44 mOPENING WIDTH (Wo) 2.44 m

OPENING BASE HEIGHT (Hb) 0 mAMBIENT TEMP (Tl) 293 K

HEAT LOSS FRACTION (Xl) 0.7 -CALCULATED PARAMETERS

VENT. FACTOR (AoHo1/2) 9.2998 m5/2 TEMP. FACTOR 2.1281 -VIRTUAL ORIGIN (Zo) 0 m MDOT FACTOR 5.1714 -

EFF. FLAME HEIGHT (Zfl) 2.0863 m dme/dz -7.6529 kg/s/mLAYER HEIGHT ABOVE FIRE (Z) 1.5609 m dmi/dz 0.8965 kg/s/m

DISCONTINUITY HEIGHT (Hd) 1.8609 m FLOW RATE OUT VENT (me) 1.3993 kg/sNEUTRAL PLANE HEIGHT (Hn) 1.8275 m PLUME FLOW RATE (mi) 1.3993 kg/s

SMOKE LAYER TEMP. (Tu) 460 K PLUME EQUIV. RATIO (PHI) 0.1906 -SMOKE LAYER TEMP. (Tu) 187 C

MASSBAL.XLS: Estimate of the mass flow rate for a compartment with a single wall opening

INPUT PARAMETERSCALCULATION RESET 1 0 or 1

FIRE HRR (Q) 800 kWCONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -

FIRE HEIGHT (Hf) 0.3 mFIRE DIAMETER (D) 0.3 m

FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 2OPENING HEIGHT (Ho) 2.44 mOPENING WIDTH (Wo) 2.44 m

OPENING BASE HEIGHT (Hb) 0 mAMBIENT TEMP (Tl) 298 K

HEAT LOSS FRACTION (Xl) 0.7 -CALCULATED PARAMETERS

VENT. FACTOR (AoHo1/2) 9.2998 m5/2 TEMP. FACTOR 2.1504 -VIRTUAL ORIGIN (Zo) 1.1548 m MDOT FACTOR 5.1378 -

EFF. FLAME HEIGHT (Zfl) 3.9077 m dme/dz -7.5128 kg/s/mLAYER HEIGHT ABOVE FIRE (Z) 1.608 m dmi/dz 0.7739 kg/s/m

DISCONTINUITY HEIGHT (Hd) 1.908 m FLOW RATE OUT VENT (me) 1.2443 kg/sNEUTRAL PLANE HEIGHT (Hn) 1.8712 m PLUME FLOW RATE (mi) 1.2443 kg/s

SMOKE LAYER TEMP. (Tu) 482 K PLUME EQUIV. RATIO (PHI) 0.2143 -SMOKE LAYER TEMP. (Tu) 209 C

MECHVENT.XLS: Estimate of fire conditions in a mechanically ventilated space

INPUT PARAMETERS

SMOKE EXTRACTION RATE (Vext) 1 m3/s

AIR INJECTION RATE (Vinj) 0 m3/s

FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE (Q) 1000 kW

HEAT LOSS FACTOR (Xl) 0.75 -

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (To) 20 C

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

NET HEAT RELEASE RATE (Qnet) 250 kW

GAS EXPANSION RATE (Vexp) 0.708215 m3/s

EXTRACTION TEMP RISE (dText) 711.165 C

INJECTION TEMP RISE (dTinj) 0 C

EXTRACTION FLOW RATE (me) 0.351536 kg/s

INJECTION FLOW RATE (mi) 0 kg/s

EXTRACTION MAX HRR (Qmax) 1054.608 kW

INJECTION MAX HRR (Qmax) 0 kW

PLUMEFIL.XLS: Estimate of the volumetric rate of smoke flow in a plume

INPUT PARAMETERS

HEIGHT (Z) 3 m

FIRE HRR (Q) 1000 kW

CONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -

HEAT LOSS FRACTION (Xl) 0.8 -

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

EXPANSION RATE (Vexp) 0.6 m3/s

ENTRAINMENT RATE (Vent) 3.5 m3/s

TOTAL SMOKE FLOW RATE (Vtot) 4.1 m3/s

PLUMETMP.XLS: Estimate of temperature rise in a fire plume

INPUT PARAMETERS

FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE(Q) 500 kW

CONVECTIVE FRACTION (Xc) 0.7 -

HEIGHT ABOVE FIRE (Z) 5 m

FIRE LOCATION FACTOR (kLF) 1 -

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

CONVECTIVE HRR (Qc) 350 kW

FLAME HEIGHT (Zfl) 2.4 m

PLUME TEMPERATURE RISE (dTpl) 95 C

FIRE LOCATION FACTORS kLF

FIRE IN OPEN 1

FIRE ALONG WALL 2

FIRE IN CORNER 4

RADIGN.XLS: Radiant ignition of a near fuel

INPUT PARAMETERS

SEPARATION DISTANCE (d) 2 m

MIN. IGNITION HEAT FLUX (qig) 20 kW/m2

RADIATIVE FRACTION (Xr) 0.35 -

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

RADIANT HRR FOR IGNITION (Qr) 908 kW

TOTAL HRR FOR IGNITION (Q) 2594 kW

MINIMUM IGNITION HEAT FLUXES qig UNITS

EASILY IGNITED 10 kW/m2

MODERATE EASE OF IGNITION 20 kW/m2

DIFFICULT TO IGNITE 30 kW/m2

ROOFVENT.XLS: Smoke flow through a roof vent

INPUT PARAMETERS

SMOKE LAYER DEPTH (h) 2 m

SMOKE TEMPERATURE (Tu) 300 C

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (Tl) 20 C

ROOF VENT AREA (Av) 1 m2

VENT DISCHARGE COEFF. (Cd) 0.65 -

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL (dP) 11.5 Pascals

GAS VELOCITY (v) 4.4 m/s

VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE (V) 2.87 m3/s

MASS FLOW RATE (m) 1.76996 kg/s

STACK.XLS: Smoke flow rate through vents under influence of stack effect and buoyancy

INPUT PARAMETERS

HEIGHT BETWEEN OPENINGS (H) 6 m

SMOKE LAYER HEIGHT (Hd) 3 m

INLET AREA (Ai) 1 m2

INLET COEFFICIENT (Ci) 0.65 -

OUTLET AREA (Ao) 1 m2

OUTLET COEFFICIENT (Co) 0.65 -

AMBIENT OUTSIDE TEMP (To) 30 C

AMBIENT INSIDE TEMP (Tl) 20 C

SMOKE LAYER TEMP (Tu) 200 C

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

TEMP RATIO 1 (To/Tl) 1.03413 -

TEMP RATIO 2 (To/Tu) 0.64059 -

MASS FLOW RATE (m) 1.33 kg/s

TEMPRISE.XLS: Estimate of the average temperature rise in a closed room fire

INPUT PARAMETERS

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (To) 20 C

ROOM AREA (A) 0.36 m2

CEILING HEIGHT ABOVE FUEL (H) 0.55 m

FIRE HEAT RELEASE RATE (Q) 1.5 kW

BURNING DURATION (tbo) 300 s

HEAT LOSS FACTOR (Xl) 0.85 -

MIN. OXYGEN CONC.(%O2) 13 vol%

CALCULATED PARAMETERS

NET ENERGY RELEASED (Qnet) 67.5 kJ

AVG TEMPERATURE RISE (dT) 477 C

MAX. O2 FRACTION (XO2) 0.380952

MAX. NET ENERGY RELEASE (Qmax) 40.89361 kJ

MAX TEMPERATURE RISE (dTmax) 233 C

THERMPRP.XLS: Thermal properties of boundary materials

ID MATERIAL k p cp a

[kW/m.K] [kg/m3] [kJ/kg.K] [m2/s]

1 Aluminum (pure) 2.06E-1 2710 0.895 8.49E-5

2 Concrete 1.60E-3 2400 0.75 8.89E-7

3 Aerated concrete 2.60E-4 500 0.96 5.42E-7

4 Brick 8.00E-4 2600 0.8 3.85E-7

5 Concrete block 7.30E-4 1900 0.84 4.57E-7

6 Cement-asbestos board 1.40E-4 658 1.06 2.01E-7

7 Calcium silicate board 1.25E-4 700 1.12 1.59E-7

8 Alumina silicate block 1.40E-4 260 1 5.38E-7

9 Gypsum board 1.70E-4 960 1.1 1.61E-7

10 Plaster board 1.60E-4 950 0.84 2.01E-7

11 Plywood 1.20E-4 540 2.5 8.89E-8

12 Chipboard 1.50E-4 800 1.25 1.50E-7

13 Fiber insulation board 5.30E-5 240 1.25 1.77E-7

14 Glass fiber insulation 3.70E-5 60 0.8 7.71E-7

15 Expanded polystyrene 3.40E-5 20 1.5 1.13E-6

kpc

5.00E+2

2.88E+0

1.25E-1

1.66E+0

1.17E+0

9.76E-2

9.80E-2

3.64E-2

1.80E-1

1.28E-1

1.62E-1

1.50E-1

1.59E-2

1.78E-3

1.02E-3