SIEMENS LTD

Project Executive

ET HS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF 400KV

SWITCHYARD ( MUNDRA)

FIRST UMPP OF INDIA

TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS AND SWITCHYARD

CONTROL & PROTECTION

Contents

1. Summary of the project

2. Drawings list of switchyard

3. Quality work of the switchyard

4. Testing kit

5. Application of the equipment

6. SCADA system

7. Transformer oil standard

8. Inspection procedure of the equipments

9. Stringing of HV Line

10. Project issue

11. Documents of the project

12. Project management function

13. Nature of TQM

Summary of the projects

Since 6-Jun-2011, I am working with M/s siemens ltd as project executive of 400kv switch yard on Mundra project. There are so many quality points raised by the clients such as Improper earthing, cable laying, cable tray erection, bolting, painting ,Rusting of the structural material, jump ring of moose wire and progress etc. these are the points which is pinching company management and disturbing the site progress. As per my Boss instruction I have stars my work and found that switchyard is in very bad condition earth strip of the tower, equipment is not connected to the specified position and not touch the equipment body. Earth pits of the switchyard is hearting the siemens status and quality, same condition of the above mentioned points. I have feel that , I am going to face the very challenging job on this site. Man power is also a very big problem for me because the balance erection work is also in pick situation. We are behind the progress curve. Material management of site is very bad, on site no body is taking responsibility to take to maintain the material handling.

TYPICAL SUBSTATION DRAWINGS LIST1.Coversheet/index and legends2.Elementary one line diagram3.Relay one line diagram4.General arrangement of plan site plan, section and details5.Substation plan section and details6.Foundation plan and details7.Structure plan and details8.Grounding plan and details9.Raceway plan and details10.Ducts bank and high voltage cable plan details11.Controll building plan , section and details12.Relay control panels lay out and wiring diagram13.Three line diagram and ac and dc scam tics14.Equipment yard external connection diagram15.Clamps and connectors diagram16.Cable schedule17.Emergency supply diagram18.Utility diagram

Earthing and earth pit work

Bolting of tower and equipment structure

1.POLARITY TESTER-

To measure the CT Polarity.2.HV TRANSFORMER-To inject high voltage

for testing like KPV of CT and Ratio for CVT

3.LOADING TRANSFORMER

Equipment for measure the Ratio of CT

4.TANDELTA KIT-To measure

the value of Capacitance and

Tan delta for CVT,REACTAR

and LA

5.INSULATION RESISTANCE METER To measure the Insulation resistance value of

CT,CVT,LA,ISOLATOR,BREAKER,REACTAR

EMVT,WAVE TRAPER and CABLES

6.DC POWER PACK-To provide DC source

for Testing of Auxiliary Relay Testing

7.TRANSFORMER WINDING

RESISTANCE METER-TO measure the

value of Transformer Winding

Resistance

8.Tongue Tester- To measure small value of

Current and voltage for CT Ratio and KPV

CVT Ratio.

9.SECONDARY INJECTOR TEST KIT

10.Transformer Oil Tester

SAT KIT DESCRIPTION

CURRENT TRANSFORMER

CT are of two types : live tank, dead tank.• in live tank the ct primary & secondary are on top.• in dead tank ct the primary is on top and secondary cores are on bottom

of tank.• Steps down high current to low current for two reasons mainly

measurement & protection purpose.• The secondary current for all ct is commonly 1 or 2 amps.• The no of secondary cores depends on recruitment mainly 2 ,4 or 5 etc.• For measurement purpose separate core should be used because of

100% accuracy is needed..• the material used for secondary of metering ct is nickel iron alloy.• the material used for secondary of protection ct is grain oriented silicon

steel.• Note: The secondary cores of ct should never be opened because of high

voltage will be at the terminal.

.

APPLICATION OF CT.B

Protection C.T.

Measuring C.T.

1.Isolate measurement & control ckt. From high voltage

2.Measur current for power measurement and control

3.Perform ckt. Control, protection and current limiting

4.Signaling for dis. Protection, tariff metering and for BCU

5.Diff. protection

6. Reduce the current to lower level to be measured more easily.

7.Primary current, Load of the current transformer is measured, & secondary is the range of the current8.

LIGHTING ARRESTOR

Application

1.lightning arrester is used to suppress the abnormal voltages which are caused due to lightning etc.

2.LA basically requires a non linear material.

3.It requires high resistance to limit the discharge current.

4.It requires low resistance during surges etc.

Basic circuit for LA testing

COMUNICATION SYSTEM OF SENDING AND

RECEIVING END SWITCHYARD(A(RED& B(BLUE)

WT CVT CVT WT

PLCCRELAY

BR TRIP TRIP BR

PLCC RELAY

Transmission line

REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTIVE RELAYS

SENSITIVITY : The relay shall be sensitive to operate for

minimum quantity of operating parameter.

SELECTIVITY: The relay/scheme should be able to select the faulty

section and isolate.

SPEED : The relay should operate faster so that fault is

isolated as fast as possible.

RELIABILITY: The relay/scheme should operate for all types of fault with

repeatability and reliability.

COST: The relay/scheme should be economical .

APPLICATION

Wave trap is a parallel tuned indicator-capacitor ‘tank’ circuit made to be resonant at the desired communication frequency . It is the effort to utilize the same transmission line between two substation for the purpose of communications. At this communication frequencies the tank ckt. Provide the high impedance and does not allow to pass through them and onto the substation bus and into transducer.

WAVE TRAP

Wave trap and line trap is current rated device it is undesirable to

operate such equipment above the name plate ratings. In the

most cases uprating, wave trap will require replacement.

ABT system is the meter oriented and moniter the block wise

parameter for the accounting purpose

ABT METER

ISOLATOR

Application

1.It is used to make or break the circuit under no load condition .

2.Mostly there are two types of isolators: hcb (horizontal centre break), double break etc.

3.Double break isolators is mostly used for low voltage rating.

4.Again these hcb are of two types : gang operated & individual operated per phase).

Note: A isolator cannot be operated under load condition.

CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

Application

1.Basically a cvt steps down high voltage to low voltage with help of capacitors. Hence the name capacitor voltage transformer.

2.The secondary terminal voltage of cvt are 63.5v

3.A cvt consists of : 2 coupling capacitors, compensating reactor, step down transformer and Ferro resonance suppression circuit.

4.The use of compensating reactor is to compensate the phase displacement in capaictor elements.

5.Ferro resonance in cvt is due to the capacitor in voltage divider in series with inductance of transformer.

6.The Ferro resonance circuit is brought to resonance by disturbances in network that may saturate the iron core which leads to insulation breakdown.

Application

CIRCUIT BREAKER

.1.It is used to break or make the circuit under both (load & no load) condition.

2.While opening of breaker a huge amount of spark will be at open & closed contacts. For reliable operation of breaker the arc should be extinguished immediately after opening of moving contacts.

3.For arc extinguish mainly : vacuum, sf6,air are used.

4.For low voltage ratings mainly vacuum & air blast breakers are used.

5.For high voltage sf6 breakers are commonly used.

REACTOR

1.It is used to compensate the Ferranti effect in long distance lines.

Ferranti effect: receiving end voltage is greater than sending end.

2.It is always connected in parallel to line.3.It is used in terminal end of transmission line to neutralize the reactive power generated by the line capacitance4. It consumes reactive power5.It reduce the voltage at receiving end

Application

In reactor there are only 3- windings and one neutral and one

netral grounding reactor which is link with reactor neutral

bushing

SCADA SYSTEM

The energy control center receives various type of data from the

power system . This data include breaker status, tap changer

position, amp, voltage, volts, watts, VARs, and other quantities

both digital and analog again data travels over distances ranging

from few miles to several hundred.

In most modern energy control center , the remote data monitoring

and system control function for substation application are

performed by SCADA system.

Recommended limits of unused mineral oil filled in

transformer as per IS-1866-2000

Property Highest voltage of Equipment (KV)

<72.5 72.5-170 >170

Appearance Clear, Free from sediment and suspended matter

Density at 29.5˚C (g/cm2),Max 0.89 0.89 0.89

Viscosity at 27˚C (cSt),Max 27 27 27

Flash Point (˚C),Min 140 140 140

Pour Point (˚C),Max -6 -6 -6

Total acidity(mgKOH/gm),Max 0.03 0.03 0.03

Water content (ppm), Max 20 15 10

IFT at 27˚C (mN/m),Min 35 35 35

Tanδ at 90˚C, Max 0.015 0.015 0.010

Resistivity at 90˚C(x10e12ohm-cm),Min

6 6 6

BDV (KV),Min 40 50 60

Recommended limits of used mineral (In Service) oil filled in

transformer as per IS-1866-2000

Property Highest voltage of Equipment (KV)

<72.5 72.5-170 >170

Appearance Clear and without visual contaminations

Water content (ppm), Max No Free water 40 20

BDV (KV),Min 30 40 50

Total acidity(mgKOH/gm),Max 0. 3 0. 3 0. 3

IFT at 27˚C (mN/m),Min 15 15 15

Resistivity at 27˚C(x10e12ohm-cm),Min 1 1 1

Resistivity at 90˚C(x10e12ohm-cm),Min 0.1 0.1 0.1

Tanδ at 90˚C, Max 1.0 1.0 0.2

Flash Point (˚C),Min Maximum decrease of 15˚C from initial value

Sediment and sludge No sediment or precipitable sludge should be detected. Results below 0.02% by mass may

be neglected.

SITE INSPECTION CHECK

STRINGING OF POWER TRANSMISSION LINE

General concept of the sag calculation of the transmission line for extra

high voltage lines, the ground clearance shall be 5.2m plus 0.30m for every

33kV and also consider the atm. Condition such as temperature variation.

Sag in m=(Conductor wt. in kg/m)* square of (span in meter) /8* (tension in

kg)

SPECIAL ISSUES WORKED OUT DURING THE PROJECT

DEVELOPMENT

1.Configuration of bay screens;

2.Configuration and finding solutions for the line differential protections

and line-transformer unit.

CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING

1.Providing system components at the substation level (FAT- sub-systems)

2.Documentation elaboration and Technical project approval (Technical

Committee TE)

3.Equipping the cubicles and system tests (FAT system )

4.Bay by bay commissioning (procedure and tests SAT)

DOCUMENTATION OF THE PROJECT

1. Tower erection protocol and equipment structure protocol

2. Equipment erection protocol such as CT, BR,CVT,

EMVT,WT,ABT,ISOLATOR ,

3. SAT report of all equipment

Project Management Functions

Scoping – setting the boundaries of the project Planning – identifying the tasks required to complete

the project Estimating – identifying resources required to

complete the project Scheduling – developing a plan to complete the

project Organizing – making sure members understand their

roles and responsibilities Directing – coordinating the project Controlling – monitoring progress Closing – assessing success and failure

QUALIT PLANNING QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL

PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1- INPUTS

-Quality policy

-Scope statement

-Product description

-Standards and regulations

-Other process outputs

2- TOOLS AND TECH.

-benefit/ cost analysis

-Benchmarking

-Flowcharting

-Design of experiments

3- OUTPUTS

-Quality management plan

-Operational definitions

-checklists

-Inputs to other processes

1- INPUTS

-Quality management plan

-result of quality control

measurements

-Operational definitions

2- TOOLS AND TECH.

-Quality planning tools and

techniques

-Quality audits

3- OUTPUTS

-Quality improvement

1- INPUTS

-work results

-quality management plan

-Operational definitions

-checklists

2- TOOLS AND TECH.

-inspection

-Control charts

-Pareto diagrams

-Statistical sampling

-flowcharting

-Trend analysis

3- OUTPUTS

-Quality improvement

-Acceptance decisions

-rework

-Completed checklist

-Process adjustment

Nature of PQM

Project quality management must address both the management of the project and the product of the project.

Failure to meet quality requirements in either dimension can have serious and negative consequences for any or all of the project stakeholders

Tools and Techniques for Quality Control

Control Charts

1. These charts are graphical representations that display the result of a process over time and are used to determine if the process is “in control”

2. When in control the process should not be adjusted , however it may be changed in order to provide improvements

3. Control charts may be used to monitor any type of output variable

4. Control charts are most often used to monitor repetitive activity in production but can also be used to monitor cost and schedule variances