Exercise 1Exercise 1

The Language of AnatomyThe Language of Anatomy

Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position

Universally accepted Universally accepted standard positionstandard position

Body terminology refers Body terminology refers to itto it

““body is erect, feet body is erect, feet slightly apart, head and slightly apart, head and toes forward, arms toes forward, arms hanging at the sides, hanging at the sides, palms FACING FORWARDpalms FACING FORWARD

Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2

Prone vs. SupineProne vs. Supine

SupineSupine Anatomical position…palms to the frontAnatomical position…palms to the front

ProneProne Palms to the rearPalms to the rear

Fig. 9-4Fig. 9-4

Directional TermsDirectional Terms

PosteriorPosterior BackBack

DorsalDorsal Posterior Posterior

Lab Fig 1-3Lab Fig 1-3

AnteriorAnterior FrontFront

VentralVentral Anterior Anterior

SuperiorSuperior Above or upperAbove or upper

Lab Fig 1-3Lab Fig 1-3

Directional TermsDirectional Terms

Inferior Inferior Below or lowerBelow or lower

Medial Medial Toward the midline of Toward the midline of

the body the body LateralLateral

To the side To the side

Directional TermsDirectional Terms

ProximalProximal Nearest to the midlineNearest to the midline

DistalDistal Farthest awayFarthest away

Superficial Superficial Toward the surface (example: skin)Toward the surface (example: skin)

DeepDeep Toward the inside (example: organs)Toward the inside (example: organs)

Lab Fig 1-3Lab Fig 1-3

Regions of the BodyRegions of the Body

Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2

Cephalic…………..headCephalic…………..head Cervical…………...neckCervical…………...neck Vertebral………….spinal Vertebral………….spinal

columncolumn Caudal…………….toward Caudal…………….toward

tail/posteriortail/posterior

Regions of the BodyRegions of the Body

Appendicular………limbs & their Appendicular………limbs & their attachments to the body axisattachments to the body axis

Axial…………………body axis (head, Axial…………………body axis (head, neck, trunk)neck, trunk)

Body Landmarks: CephalicBody Landmarks: Cephalic

Facial (on the face)Facial (on the face) Nasal………………noseNasal………………nose Buccal…………….cheekBuccal…………….cheek Oral………………..mouthOral………………..mouth Orbital…………….bony eye socketOrbital…………….bony eye socket

Cranial (surrounding the brain)Cranial (surrounding the brain) Frontal……………forehead (anterior)Frontal……………forehead (anterior) Occipital…………back of head (posterior)Occipital…………back of head (posterior) Parietal…………..upper sideParietal…………..upper side Temporal………..lower sideTemporal………..lower side

Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: TorsoBody Landmarks: Torso Thoracic (chest)Thoracic (chest)

Sternal…………….sternum/breastboneSternal…………….sternum/breastbone Costal……………..ribsCostal……………..ribs

Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis)Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis) Abdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribsAbdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribs Inguinal…….groinInguinal…….groin Umbilical…..navelUmbilical…..navel Pelvic………pelvisPelvic………pelvis Gluteal……..buttocksGluteal……..buttocks Coxal……….hipCoxal……….hip Pubic……….genitalPubic……….genital

Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: TorsoBody Landmarks: Torso

Inferior SpineInferior Spine Lumbar……..back, between ribs and hipsLumbar……..back, between ribs and hips Sacral……….back, between the hipsSacral……….back, between the hips

Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: PectoralBody Landmarks: Pectoral

Axillary……………armpitAxillary……………armpit Acromial………….point of shoulderAcromial………….point of shoulder Scapular………….shoulder bladeScapular………….shoulder blade Deltoid……………upper shoulder/armDeltoid……………upper shoulder/arm

Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: Superior Body Landmarks: Superior AppendagesAppendages

Brachial…………upper armBrachial…………upper arm Antebrachial……forearmAntebrachial……forearm Olecranal………..elbowOlecranal………..elbow Carpal……………wristCarpal……………wrist Manual…………...handManual…………...hand Palmar……………palm of handPalmar……………palm of hand Digital…………….digits=fingersDigital…………….digits=fingers

Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2

Body Landmarks: Inferior Body Landmarks: Inferior AppendagesAppendages

Femoral………..thighFemoral………..thigh Patellar………...anterior kneePatellar………...anterior knee Tibial…………...medial calfTibial…………...medial calf Fibular…………lateral calfFibular…………lateral calf Tarsal………….ankleTarsal………….ankle Calcaneal……..heel of footCalcaneal……..heel of foot Pedal…………..footPedal…………..foot Plantar………...sole of footPlantar………...sole of foot Digital………….digits=toesDigital………….digits=toes

Lab Fig 1-2Lab Fig 1-2

Planes of SectioningPlanes of Sectioning

Longitudinal sections Longitudinal sections Sagittal planesSagittal planes

Divides into right & Divides into right & leftleft

Midsaggital planeMidsaggital plane Equal right & left Equal right & left

halveshalves Frontal or coronal Frontal or coronal

planesplanes Divides into anterior Divides into anterior

& posterior& posterior

Lab Fig 1-4Lab Fig 1-4

Lab Fig 1-4Lab Fig 1-4

Planes of SectioningPlanes of Sectioning

Cross sections Cross sections Horizontal or transverse planesHorizontal or transverse planes

Divides into superior & inferiorDivides into superior & inferior Oblique planesOblique planes

Divide at an angleDivide at an angle

Helps relate models and figures to the Helps relate models and figures to the body as a wholebody as a whole

Body cavities & Body cavities & organsorgans

Lab Fig. 1-6Lab Fig. 1-6

CranialCranial brain, pituitary glandbrain, pituitary gland

SpinalSpinal spinal cordspinal cord

ThoracicThoracic heart, trachea, lungs, esophagusheart, trachea, lungs, esophagus

AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvic stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas,

adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, prostate glandprostate gland

Serous membranesSerous membranes

Produce serous fluidProduce serous fluid Lubricates organsLubricates organs Movement without frictionMovement without friction Compartmentalize organs to help Compartmentalize organs to help

infections from spreadinginfections from spreading

Serous membranesSerous membranes

Double-layered Double-layered membranesmembranes Parietal layerParietal layer

Lines body Lines body cavity wallscavity walls

Visceral layerVisceral layer Covers Covers

external external surface of surface of the organ the organ within that within that cavitycavity

Serous membranesSerous membranes

PericardiumPericardium Surrounds the heartSurrounds the heart

Pleura(e)Pleura(e) Surrounds the lungsSurrounds the lungs

PeritoneumPeritoneum Surrounds abdominopelvic organsSurrounds abdominopelvic organs

Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.

Study, Learn it! QUIZ each other!

Lab quiz tonight over tonight’s material, at end.

Usually, we’ll do some lab and then have the quiz in the middle of the period Quiz will cover that night’s exercise Could also have anything prior/review