taxonomy chapter 18 taxonomy field in which scientists classify organisms and assign a universally...
TRANSCRIPT
TaxonomyChapter 18
Taxonomy Field in which scientists classify organisms
and assign a universally accepted name Organization into groups that get more and
more specific All levels share common features Ex: Mammalia, Vertebrata, Canis
Classification System Each level is called a “taxon” 7 total levels* Kingdom—Phylum—Class—Order—Family
—Genus—Species Most general at the top (most members) Most specific at the bottom (least members) *Not including Domains (yet)
Ex: Red Tailed HawkClassification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Falconiformes Family: Accipitridae Genus:Buteo Species: jamaicensis
What is Binomial Nomenclature? Modern classification for organisms using a
two-word naming system The 2 words are the last 2 taxonomic levels:
Genus and species
Example: Periplaneta americana =
A Cockroach!!!
How did we find that? Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Blattaria Family: Blattidae Genus: Periplaneta Species: americana
How do we write scientifically? Capitalize the Genus Lowercase the species Either: Italicize or Underline the grouping Ex: Carcharodon carcharias Ex: Ara macao
Who came up with this system? Carolus Linnaeus Loved Latin so much
changed his name to the Latin form…sweet.
Came up the hierarchal classification system
Founder of modern taxonomy
What is Phylogeny? Evolutionary History of Species Shows Relationships and Common Ancestors Uses a “Phylogenetic Tree” to shows relationships Based on: Structural Similarities, Breeding
Behavior, Geographic Distribution, Chromosome Comparisons, & Biochemistry
Presumed relationships based on MORPHOLOGY!! = structural features!http://www.amnh.org/ology/features/treeoflife/pages/cladogram.php
How do you read the tree?
Is the “Oldest” at the
bottom?
Yes and No, the tree shows
common ancestors! What is our most
common ancestor on
this tree?
What is Cladistics? Branch of taxonomy that uses cladograms to
show relationships
Cladogram Construction a stylized diagram that looks like a series of
Y's or forks in a road At each branch, or "Y" junction,
characteristics of evolutionary origin are used to separate one group from the rest.
All the organisms after that characteristic will share that trait.
Used to show common ancestry
Cladogram