taxonomy how do we classify?. why classify? study unity & diversity in an organized manner...
TRANSCRIPT
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Taxonomy
How do we classify?
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Why Classify? Study unity & diversity in an
organized mannerUnderstand relationships
between organisms
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How do we classify?Grouped by similar structures,
embryonic development, or genetics
Suggests that related organisms shared a common ancestor
System most often used (but often disputed) – 5 Kingdoms
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How do we classify?Kingdoms – Monera, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, AnimaliaFull classification system
(most general to most specific):
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How do we classify?KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
As we move down the system, we are more specific in our classification
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How do we classify?
Way to remember:
Kings Play Chess On Fridays, Generally Speaking
Kelly Phillips Came Over For Girl Scouts
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How do we classify?
Kingdoms based on following:Presence or absence of
nuclear membraneUnicellular or multicellularType of nutrition
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Members of each kingdom share major characteristics
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How Do We Name Organisms?
Binomial NomenclatureTwo-name system Designed by
Carolus Linneaus
I love to classify
organisms
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How Do We Name Organisms?First part of name – Genus – it is
CapitalizedSecond part – species – lowercase
– SpeciesSpecies: group of organisms that are similar in structure; can mate & produce FERTILE offspring
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Same species?
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•End result of mating = mule
•Mule is sterile
•Therefore, no FERTILE offspring can be produces, so not the same species
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Same species?
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•Since normally these offspring are fertile, the parents are the same species
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How Do We Name Organisms?Humans : Homo sapiens or
Homo sapiensName must be underlined or
italicizedHousecat: Felis domesticaMinnow: Cyprinodon variegatus
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Full Classification - HumanKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataClass MammaliaOrder PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus HomoSpecies sapiens
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The Five Kingdoms
Let’s go through them all!
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KINGDOM MONERA
Primitive cell structureLack of membranes &
organelles
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KINGDOM MONERA
Examples:Bacteria
Blue-Green Algae
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KINGDOM PROTISTA
Predominantly unicelluarPlant-like OR animal-like
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KINGDOM PROTISTA
Protozoa: Animal-like nutritionAmeba
Paramecium
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KINGDOM PROTISTA
Algae: Plant-like nutritionAlgae
Euglena
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KINGDOM FUNGI
Cells are branched fibers with many nuclei
Food absorbed from environment
Non-photosynthetic, but have cell wall
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KINGDOM FUNGI
Yeast
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KINGDOM FUNGI
Bread Mold
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KINGDOM FUNGI
Mushrooms
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KINGDOM PLANTAE
MulticellularPhotosynthetic
Let’s look at two different phylum – more specific
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Kingdom Plantae – Phylum Bryophyta
No vascular tissue (no true roots, leaves, stems)
Moss
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K. Plantae – Phylum TracheophytaHave vascular tissue – true
roots, leaves, & stemsFern, pine tree, maple tree,
beans, corn
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Kingdom Animalia
MulticellularHeterotrophic
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K. Animalia – Phylum PoriferaSponges?
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K. Animalia – Phylum PoriferaOh…sponges!Body full of pores
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K. Animalia – Phylum Coelenterata
Two cell layers, hollow body cavity, one opening
Hydra, Jellyfish, Sea anemone
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K. Animalia – P. PlatyhelminthesBilateral symmetry, no real
body cavityFlatworms (Planaria),
tapeworms
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Liver fluke - parasite
K. Animalia – P. Platyhelminthes
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Tapeworm
K. Animalia – P. Platyhelminthes
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K. Animalia – Phylum NematodaUnsegmented wormsBilateral symmetryRoundworms
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K. Animalia – Phylum AnnelidaSegemented body wallsBilateral symmetryEarthworm
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K. Animalia – Phylum MolluscaHave a muscular footSnails, Scallops, Squid,
Clams, Slugs
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K. Animalia – Phylum ArthropodaJointed appendages,
exoskeletonPhylum is 90% of entire
animal speciesGrasshopper, Lobster, Spider,
Insects
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K. Animalia – P. EchinodermataRadial symmetry, spiny
coveringStarfish, Sea stars, Sea
urchins, Sea cucumbers
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K. Animalia – Phylum ChordataDorsal nerve cord with
supporting rod of cartilage (notochord)
In development, have tail and gill slits
Shark, Frog , Human