introduction to classification 4-27-15. why classify? taxonomy: the science of classifying things ...
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INTRODUCTION TO CLASSIFICATION
4-27-15
WHY CLASSIFY?
TAXONOMY: the science of classifying thingsExamples of everyday taxonomy:Grocery storeLibraryOnline video store
SCIENTIFIC NAMING
Helps all scientists worldwide know what organism is being talked about
Early on: organisms described by physical characteristics Two-winged, scaley legged, sharp beaked flyer
“Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges
SCIENTIFIC NAMING
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: each species is assigned a two-part name based on their classification GENUS + SPECIES = scientific name Homo + sapien = human
• Scientific names help scientists to communicate. – Some species have very similar common names.– Some species have many common names.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROADRUNNER AND COYOTE—LOONEY TUNESPseudo-Latin names given
for the Road Runner for the Coyote
Acceleratii incredibus Carnivorous vulgaris
Accelerati incredibilus Carnivorous vulgaris
Acceleratti incredibilis Carnivorous vulgaris
Velocitus tremenjus Road-Runnerus digestus
Hot-roddicus supersonicus Eatibus anythingus
Speedipus rex Famishus-famishus
Velocitus delectiblus Eatibus almost anythingus
Delicius-delicius Eatius birdius
Dig-outius tid-bittius Famishius fantasticus
LINNEAUS Carolus Linneaus (1707-1778)Created seven levels of classification levels
Has been able to adjust to new species being discovered
“As one sits here in summertime and listens to the cuckoo and all the other bird songs, the crackling and buzzing of insects, as one gazes at the shining colors of flowers, doth one become dumbstruck before the Kingdom of the Creator.”
LINNEAN CLASSIFICATIONKingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Least inclusive, most specific
Most inclusive, least specific
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order :Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapien
SubPhylum Vertebrata
EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION
Biologists now group organisms into categories that represent evolutionary descent, not just physical similarities
CLADOGRAM: a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships in the development of organismsDerived Characters: “new” characteristics found in recent parts of a lineage.
CLADISTICS IS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON COMMON ANCESTRY.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history for a group of species.evidence from living species, fossil record, and molecular data
shown with branching tree diagrams
PLANT KINGDOM CLADOGRAM
DOMAINS
Category added above “Kingdom”Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria
Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria
Domain Eukarya all organisms with eukaryotic cells
6 KINGDOMS OF LIFE
1. Archaebacteria: unicellular prokaryotes
2. Eubacteria: unicellular prokaryotes
3. Protista: unicellular eukaryotes
4. Fungi: multicellular eukaryotic decomposers
5. Plantae: multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs
6. Animalia: multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs