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Unit 6- Classification Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of The science of describing, naming, describing, naming, & classifying & classifying organisms organisms Classification- Classification- Arrangement of Arrangement of objects into groups objects into groups Taxon- Taxon- Groups into which Groups into which organisms are organisms are classified classified

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Page 1: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Unit 6- ClassificationUnit 6- Classification

Taxonomy-Taxonomy- The science of The science of

describing, naming, & describing, naming, & classifying organismsclassifying organisms

Classification-Classification- Arrangement of Arrangement of

objects into groupsobjects into groups

Taxon- Taxon- Groups into which Groups into which

organisms are organisms are classifiedclassified

Page 2: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Why Classify?Why Classify?

We classify things We classify things in everyday lifein everyday life StoresStores SchoolSchool LibraryLibrary

Page 3: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Why Classify?Why Classify?

1. Organization1. Organization 2. Make comparisons2. Make comparisons 3. Name3. Name

Single universally Single universally accepted name accepted name (Latin/Greek)(Latin/Greek)

Common names can Common names can be misleadingbe misleading

Worm? Earthworm, Worm? Earthworm, tapeworm, ringwormtapeworm, ringworm

Sea Horse Sea Horse

Page 4: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

AristotleAristotle

Plants- Plants- Based on structureBased on structure 3 groups3 groups

Herbs Herbs Shrubs Shrubs TreesTrees

Animals- Animals- Based on habitatBased on habitat 3 groups3 groups

Land dwellersLand dwellers Water dwellersWater dwellers Air dwellersAir dwellers

Page 5: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus

Devised system of Devised system of grouping grouping organisms into organisms into categories categories according to form according to form and structure.and structure.

Had 7 LevelsHad 7 Levels

Page 6: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Levels of ClassificationLevels of Classification

DomainDomain KingdomKingdom PhylumPhylum ClassClass OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies

Page 7: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

NamingNaming

Binomial Nomenclature-Binomial Nomenclature- Two word scientific nameTwo word scientific name 1st word- genus name, 1st 1st word- genus name, 1st

letter capitalized- letter capitalized- HomoHomo 2nd word- species name, 2nd word- species name,

1st letter lower case- 1st letter lower case- sapienssapiens

Latin/Greek-Latin/Greek- Human- Human- Homo sapiensHomo sapiens Lion- Lion- Panthera leoPanthera leo House cat- House cat- Felis Felis

domesticusdomesticus

Page 8: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Human Taxa- groupsHuman Taxa- groups

Domain- EukaryaDomain- Eukarya Kingdom- AnimalKingdom- Animal Phylum- ChordataPhylum- Chordata Class- MammaliaClass- Mammalia Order- PrimateOrder- Primate Family- HominidaeFamily- Hominidae Genus- HomoGenus- Homo Species- sapiensSpecies- sapiens

Page 9: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Basis for ClassificationBasis for Classification

1. Homologous 1. Homologous Structures (p305)Structures (p305) Structures that are Structures that are

similar due to similar due to evolutionary relationships

Common ancestors Penguin flipper & Penguin flipper &

alligator legalligator leg Human arm & bats Human arm & bats

wingwing

Page 10: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Basis For ClassificationBasis For Classification

2. Biochemistry2. Biochemistry Organisms with Organisms with

similar chemical similar chemical make up are make up are classified classified together.together.

Page 11: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

Basis For ClassificationBasis For Classification

3. Genetics3. Genetics Organisms that Organisms that

show similarities show similarities in genetic make in genetic make up (DNA) are up (DNA) are grouped together.grouped together.

Page 12: Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying

NoNo Basis for Classification Basis for Classification

Analogous Analogous StructuresStructures

Structures that Structures that are similar due to are similar due to functionfunction

Wing of insect & Wing of insect & wing of birdwing of bird

Leg of grasshopper Leg of grasshopper & leg of cat& leg of cat


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