exercise multiple choice questions (mcqs) · 2020. 9. 16. · electricity 1. a cell, a resistor, a...
TRANSCRIPT
CBSEClass10Science
NCERTExemplarSolutions
Chapter12
Electricity
1.Acell,aresistor,akeyandammeterarearrangedasshowninthecircuitdiagrams
ofFigure12.1.Thecurrentrecordedintheammeterwillbe
(a) maximumin(i)
(b) maximumin(ii)
(c) maximumin(iii)
(d) thesameinallthecases
Ans.(d)Thesameinallthecases
Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
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Explanation:Noneoftheconditionschangeinanyofthecircuits.Hence,currentwouldbe
sameinallcircuits.
2. Inthefollowingcircuits(Figure12.2),heatproducedintheresistororcombination
ofresistorsconnectedtoa12Vbatterywillbe
(a) sameinallthecases
(b) minimumincase(i)
(c) maximumincase(ii)
(d) maximumincase(iii)
Ans.(c)Maximumincase(ii)
Explanation:Inthiscase,tworesistorsareinseries.Hence,theirsumwillbeequaltotheir
arithmeticsum.Infigure(iii)thetotalresistancewillbelessthanindividualresistances
becausetheyareconnectedinparallel.Ahigherresistanceproducesmoreheatsooption(c)
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iscorrect.
3. Electricalresistivityofagivenmetallicwiredependsupon
(a) itslength
(b) itsthickness
(c) itsshape
(d) natureofthematerial
Ans.(d)Natureofthematerial
4. Acurrentof1Aisdrawnbyafilamentofanelectricbulb.Numberofelectrons
passingthroughacrosssectionofthefilamentin16secondswouldberoughly
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ans.(a)
Explanation:WehavecurrentI=1Aandtimet=16s
Weknow;
or,
or,
Chargecontainedin1electron
So,16Cchargeiscontainedinfollowingnumberofelectrons;
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5. Identifythecircuit(Figure12.3)inwhichtheelectricalcomponentshavebeen
properlyconnected.
(a) (i)
(b) (ii)
(c) (iii)
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(d) (iv)
Ans.(b)(ii)
6. Whatisthemaximumresistancewhichcanbemadeusingfiveresistorseachof1/5
Ω?
(a) 1/5Ω
(b) 10Ω
(c) 5Ω
(d) 1Ω
Ans.(d)
Explanation:Whenresistorsareconnectedinseriesthenwegetthemaximumresistance
outofthecombination.
Whenthegivenresistorsareconnectedinseries,theresistanceofcombinationcanbe
calculatedasfollows:
7. Whatistheminimumresistancewhichcanbemadeusingfiveresistorseachof1/5
Ω?
(a) 1/5Ω
(b) 1/25Ω
(c) 1/10Ω
(d) 25Ω
Ans.(b)1/25Ω
Explanation:Whenresistorsareconnectedinparallelthenwegettheminimumresistance
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outofthecombination.
Whengivenresistorsareconnectedinparallel,theresistanceofcombinationcanbe
calculatedasfollows:
Or
8. Theproperrepresentationofseriescombinationofcells(Figure12.4)obtaining
maximumpotentialis
(a) (i)
(b) (ii)
(c) (iii)
(d) (iv)
Ans.(a)(i)
Explanation:Inthiscombination,positiveterminalofnextcellisadjacenttonegative
terminalofpreviouscell.
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9. Whichofthefollowingrepresentsvoltage?
(a)
(b
(c)
(d)
Ans.(a)
10. AcylindricalconductoroflengthlanduniformareaofcrosssectionAhas
resistanceR.Anotherconductoroflength2landresistanceRofthesamematerialhas
areaofcrosssection
(a) A/2
(b) 3A/2
(c) 2A
(d) 3A
Ans.(c)2A
Explanation:Boththeconductorsareofsamematerialhencetheirresistivityissame.
Fordoublethelength;
or,
or,
or,
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11. AstudentcarriesoutanexperimentandplotstheV-Igraphofthreesamplesof
nichromewirewithresistancesR1,R2andR3respectively(Figure.12.5).Whichofthe
followingistrue?
(a) R1=R2=R3
(b) R1>R2>R3
(c) R3>R2>R1
(d) R2>R3>R1
Ans.(c)R3>R2>R1
Explanation:Currentisinverselyproportionaltoresistance.So,higherresistancewould
allowlesscurrenttopass;whichisshownbyresistanceR3.
12. IfthecurrentIthrougharesistorisincreasedby100%(assumethattemperature
remainsunchanged),theincreaseinpowerdissipatedwillbe
(a) 100%
(b) 200%
(c) 300%
(d) 400%
Ans.(c)300%
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Explanation:Theheatgeneratedbyaresistorisdirectlyproportionaltosquareofcurrent.
Hence,whencurrentbecomesdouble,dissipationofheatwillmultiplyby =4.Thismeans
therewillbeanincreaseof300%.
13. Theresistivitydoesnotchangeif
(a) thematerialischanged
(b) thetemperatureischanged
(c) theshapeoftheresistorischanged
(d) bothmaterialandtemperaturearechanged
Ans.(c)theshapeoftheresistorischanged
14. InanelectricalcircuitthreeincandescentbulbsA,BandCofrating40W,60Wand
100Wrespectivelyareconnectedinparalleltoanelectricsource.Whichofthe
followingislikelytohappenregardingtheirbrightness?
(a) Brightnessofallthebulbswillbethesame
(b) BrightnessofbulbAwillbethemaximum
(c) BrightnessofbulbBwillbemorethanthatofA
(d) BrightnessofbulbCwillbelessthanthatofB
Ans.(c)BrightnessofbulbBwillbemorethanthatofA
Explanation:Sincebulbsareconnectedinparallelsoresistanceofcombinationwouldbe
lessthanarithmeticsumofresistanceofallthebulbs.So,therewillbenonegativeeffecton
flowofcurrent.Asaresult,bulbswouldglowaccordingtotheirwattage.
15. Inanelectricalcircuittworesistorsof2Ωand4Ωrespectivelyareconnectedin
seriestoa6Vbattery.Theheatdissipatedbythe4Ωresistorin5swillbe
(a) 5J
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(b) 10J
(c) 20J
(d) 30J
Ans.(c)20J
Explanation:Totalresistanceofcombination=
Currentthroughthecircuitcanbecalculatedasfollows:
Heatdissipationby canbecalculatedasfollows:
16. Anelectrickettleconsumes1kWofelectricpowerwhenoperatedat220V.Afuse
wireofwhatratingmustbeusedforit?
(a) 1A
(b) 2A
(c) 4A
(d) 5A
Ans.(d)5A
Explanation:Power=1kW=1000W
Currentflowingthroughthekettlecanbecalculatedasfollows:
Or
or
So,requiredratingoffusewire=5A
17. Tworesistorsofresistance2Ωand4Ωwhenconnectedtoabatterywillhave
(a) samecurrentflowingthroughthemwhenconnectedinparallel
(b) samecurrentflowingthroughthemwhenconnectedinseries
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(c) samepotentialdifferenceacrossthemwhenconnectedinseries
(d) differentpotentialdifferenceacrossthemwhenconnectedinparallel
Ans.(b)samecurrentflowingthroughthemwhenconnectedinseries.
Explanation:Inseriescombination,currentdoesnotchangebecauseeachresistorreceives
acommoncurrent.Inotherwords,currentdoesnotgetdividedintobranches.
18. Unitofelectricpowermayalsobeexpressedas
(a) voltampere
(b) kilowatthour
(c) wattsecond
(d) joulesecond
Ans.(b)kilowatthour
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Short Answer Questoins
19.AchildhasdrawntheelectriccircuittostudyOhm’slawasshowninFigure12.6.His
teachertoldthatthecircuitdiagramneedscorrection.Studythecircuitdiagramand
redrawitaftermakingallcorrections.
Ans.Correctdiagramisasfollows:
20. Three2Ωresistors,A,BandC,areconnectedasshowninFigure12.7.Eachofthem
dissipatesenergyandcanwithstandamaximumpowerof18Wwithoutmelting.Find
themaximumcurrentthatcanflowthroughthethreeresistors?
Ans.Currentcanbecalculatedasfollows:
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or,
or,
or,
Thisisthemaximumcurrentthatcanflowthroughthegivenresistors.
21. Shouldtheresistanceofanammeterbeloworhigh?Givereason.
Ans.Resistanceofammetershouldideallybezerosothatammetershouldnotaffectthe
flowofcurrentincircuit.Hence,resistanceofanammetershouldbeverylowbecausezero
resistanceisnotpossibleinreallife.
22. Drawacircuitdiagramofanelectriccircuitcontainingacell,akey,anammeter,a
resistorof2Ωinserieswithacombinationoftworesistors(4Ωeach)inparallelanda
voltmeteracrosstheparallelcombination.Willthepotentialdifferenceacrossthe2Ω
resistorbethesameasthatacrosstheparallelcombinationof4Ωresistors?Give
reason.
Ans.
Totalresistanceforparallelcombinationof resistorscanbecalculatedasfollows:
or,
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Thus,resistanceofparallelcombinationisequaltoresistanceofresistorsinseries.So,
potentialdifferenceacross resistancewillbesameaspotentialdifferenceacrossthe
othertworesistorswhichareconnectedinparallel.
23. Howdoesuseofafusewireprotectelectricalappliances?
Ans.Fusewirehashighresistancethancurrentratingofthemainwiring.So,whenever
thereisasurgeinelectriccurrent,thefusewiremeltsandbreaksthecircuit.Thisprevents
anydamagetotheelectricalappliances.Thus,afusewireprotectselectricalappliances.
24. Whatiselectricalresistivity?Inaserieselectricalcircuitcomprisingaresistor
madeupofametallicwire,theammeterreads5A.Thereadingoftheammeter
decreasestohalfwhenthelengthofthewireisdoubled.Why?
Ans.Theinherentpropertyofaconductorbecauseofwhichitresiststheflowofelectric
currentiscalledresistivity.Resistivityforaparticularmaterialisunique.
Resistancevariesdirectlyaslengthoftheconductor.
Currentvariesinverselyasresistance.
So,whenlengthofthewireisdoubled,itsresistancebecomesdouble.Whenresistance
becomesdouble,currentbecomeshalf.
Thisexplainswhythereadingofammeterdecreasestohalfwhenthelengthofthewireis
doubled.
25. Whatisthecommercialunitofelectricalenergy?Representitintermsofjoules.
Ans.Thecommercialunitofelectricalenergyiskilowatthour.
1kWh=11000Wh
1000Wh=(1000Joule/second)×hour
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=3600×1000J
=3.6×
26. Acurrentof1ampereflowsinaseriescircuitcontaininganelectriclampanda
conductorof5Ωwhenconnectedtoa10Vbattery.Calculatetheresistanceofthe
electriclamp.Nowifaresistanceof10Ωisconnectedinparallelwiththisseries
combination,whatchange(ifany)incurrentflowingthrough5Ωconductorand
potentialdifferenceacrossthelampwilltakeplace?Givereason.
Ans.Totalresistanceofcircuitcanbecalculatedasfollows:
Sincelampandconductorareinseriessoresistanceoflamp
Thenewresistanceinparalleltoearliercombinationhassamevalue,i.e. asthe
resistanceofseriescombination.Thismeansthattheamountofcurrentwouldbeequally
dividedintotwobranches.Hence,0.5Acurrentwillflowthrough conductor.
Now,resistanceremainsthesamebutcurrenthasbecomehalf.UsingOhmformula,
potentialdifferenceacrossthelampcanbecalculatedasfollows:
27. Whyisparallelarrangementusedindomesticwiring?
Ans.Inparallelarrangement,totalresistanceofthecircuitislessthanarithmeticsumof
resistorsinthewiring.Thishelpsinreducingtheloadonthewiring.Inparallel
arrangement,eachappliancecanhaveitsindependentswitch.Faultinonesectionisnot
goingtoaffectanyothersection.Theseadvantagesmakeparallelarrangementidealof
domesticwiring.
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28. B1,B2andB3arethreeidenticalbulbsconnectedasshowninFigure12.8.Whenall
thethreebulbsglow,acurrentof3AisrecordedbytheammeterA.
(i)WhathappenstotheglowoftheothertwobulbswhenthebulbB1getsfused?
Ans.Inparallelcircuit,potentialdifferencedoesnotgetdivided.Hence,glowofotherbulbs
willnotbeaffectedwhenbulbB1getsfused.
(ii)WhathappenstothereadingofA1,A2,A3andAwhenthebulbB2getsfused?
Ans.AmmeterAshowsareadingof3A.ThismeanseachoftheA1,A2,andA3show1A
reading.
WhenthebulbB2getsfused,nocurrentflowsthroughthisbulb.So,allthecurrentisequally
dividedbetweenremainingtwobulbs.So,ammetersA1andA2willshow3/2=1.5Acurrent
each.AmmeterA3willshowzerocurrent.
(iii) Howmuchpowerisdissipatedinthecircuitwhenallthethreebulbsglowtogether?
Ans.Forfindingpower,weneedtofirstcalculatetheresistanceinthecircuit.
Now,
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Long Answer Questions
29.Threeincandescentbulbsof100Weachareconnectedinseriesinanelectric
circuit.Inanothercircuitanothersetofthreebulbsofthesamewattageareconnected
inparalleltothesamesource.
(a)Willthebulbinthetwocircuitsglowwiththesamebrightness?Justifyyouranswer.
Ans.Voltagegetsdividedinseriescombination,Sobulbsinseriescombinationwillglow
withlessbrightness.Voltagedoesnotgetdividedinparallelcombination,sobulbsinparallel
combinationwillglowwithmorebrightness.
(b)Nowletonebulbinboththecircuitsgetfused.Willtherestofthebulbscontinuetoglow
ineachcircuit?Givereason.
Ans.Incaseofseriescombination,faultinevenasinglecomponentwillbreakthecircuit.
So,whenoneofthebulbsgetsfused;anotherbulbwouldcontinuetoglow.
30. StateOhm’slaw?Howcanitbeverifiedexperimentally?Doesitholdgoodunderall
conditions?Comment.
Ans.Ohm’sLaw:Atconstanttemperature,potentialdifferenceacrossaconductorisdirectly
proportionaltoelectriccurrentpassingthroughit.IfVisthepotentialdifferenceandIis
electriccurrent,thenasperOhm’slaw;
or,
WhereRistheconstantofproportionalityanditiscalledresistance.
VerifyingOhm’sLaw:
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Takeanichromewire,someelectriccells,key,voltmeterandammeter.
Connectthecomponenttomakeacircuit;asshowningivenfigure.
Startwith1cellinthecircuit.Switchonthekeyandtakethereadingofammeter.
Increasethenumberofcellsto2.Switchonthekeyandtakethereadingofammeter.
Increasethenumberofcellsinsimilarincrementsandtakethereadingofammeter
ineachcase.
TabulateyourdataandplotaV-Igraph.
Thegraphshowsthatpotentialdifferencevariesdirectlyaselectriccurrent.Ohm’slawholds
goodundernormalconditions.But,itmaynotholdgoodunderexceptionalconditions.
31. Whatiselectricalresistivityofamaterial?Whatisitsunit?Describeanexperiment
tostudythefactorsonwhichtheresistanceofconductingwiredepends.
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Ans.Theinherentpropertyofaconductorbecauseofwhichitresiststheflowofelectric
currentiscalledresistivity.Resistivityforaparticularmaterialisunique.
TheSIunitofresistivityis (Ohmmetre).
Experimenttostudythefactorsonwhichresistanceofconductingwiredepends:
Takeanammeter,electriccell,plugkey,nichromewireandwiresofdifferent
materials.
Makethecircuitasshowninfigure.
Starttheexperimentwithnichromewire.Attachitinthecircuitandtakeammeter
reading.
Changethelengthofnichromewireandtakeammeterreading.
Changethethicknessofnichromewireandtakeammeterreading.
Afterabovesteps,usecopperwirefortheexperiment.Attachacopperwireinthe
circuitandtakeammeterreading.
Changethelengthofcopperwireandtakeammeterreading.
Changethethicknessofcopperwireandtakeammeterreading.
Repeatabovestepswithwiresofdifferentmaterials.
Observations:
Itisseenthatresistancedependsonmaterialofconductor.
Resistancedependsonlengthofconductor.
Resistancedependsonareaofcross-section.
32. Howwillyouinferwiththehelpofanexperimentthatthesamecurrentflows
througheverypartofthecircuitcontainingthreeresistancesinseriesconnectedtoa
battery?
Ans.
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TakethreeresistancesR1,R2andR3.
Connecttheminseriescombinationtocompleteacircuit;asshowninfigure.
Firstofall,connecttheammeterbetweenbatteryandR1andtakeitsreading.
Afterthat,connecttheammeterbetweenR1andR2andtakeitsreading.
Then,connecttheammeterbetweenR2andR3andtakeitsreading.
Observation:
Itisobservedthatammetershowssamereadinginallsituation.Thisshowsthatsame
currentflowsthrougheverypartofthecircuitcontainingthreeresistancesinseries.
33. Howwillyouconcludethatthesamepotentialdifference(voltage)existsacross
threeresistorsconnectedinaparallelarrangementtoabattery?
Ans.
TakethreeresistorsR1,R2,andR3andconnecttheminparalleltomakeacircuit;as
showninfigure.
Usevoltmetertotakereadingofpotentialdifferenceofthreeresistorsinparallel
combination.
Now,removetheresistorR1andtakethereadingofpotentialdifferenceofremaining
resistors’combination.
Then,removetheresistorR2andtakethereadingofpotentialdifferenceofremaining
resistor.
Observation:Voltmeterreadingwassameineachcase.Thisshowsthatthesamepotential
differenceexistsacrossthreeresistorsconnectedinaparallelarrangement.
34. WhatisJoule’sheatingeffect?Howcanitbedemonstratedexperimentally?Listits
fourapplicationsindailylife.
Ans.TheJoule’sLawofHeatingstatesthattheheatproducedinaresistoris:
(a) Directlyproportionaltothesquareofcurrentforagivenresistor.
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(b) Directlyproportionaltoresistanceforagivencurrent,and
(c) Directlyproportionaltothetimeforwhichthecurrentflowsthroughtheresistor.
Thiscanbeexpressedbyfollowingequation:
Here;Iiselectriccurrent,Risresistance,tistimeandHisheatingeffect.
ExperimenttoDemonstrateJoule’sLawofHeating:
Inthisexperiment,wewillshowtheeffectofcurrentonheating.
Takeawaterheatingimmersionrodandconnecttoasocketwhichisconnectedto
regulator.Itisimportanttorecallthataregulatorcontrolstheamountofcurrent
flowingthroughadevice.
Keepthepointerofregulatoronminimumandcountthetimetakenbyimmersion
rodtoheatacertainamountofwater.
Increasethepointerofregulatortonextlevel.Countthetimetakenbyimmersionrod
toheatthesameamountofwater.
Repeatabovestepforhigherlevelsonregulatortocountthetime.
Observation:Itisseenthatwithincreasedamountofelectriccurrent,lesstimeisrequired
toheatthesameamountofwater.ThisshowsJoule’sLawofHeating.
Application:Electrictoaster,oven,electrickettleandelectricheateretc.workonthebasisof
heatingeffectofcurrent.
35. FindoutthefollowingintheelectriccircuitgiveninFigure12.9
(a) Effectiveresistanceoftwo8Ωresistorsinthecombination
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Ans.Theseresistorsareinparallel,soeffectiveresistancecanbecalculatedasfollows:
or,
(b) Currentflowingthrough4Ωresistor
Ans.Forthis,wefirstneedtofindeffectiveresistanceinthecircuit,
or
(c) Potentialdifferenceacross4Ωresistance
Ans.Potentialdifferenceisgettingdividedintotworesistanceof each.Hence,potential
differenceacross
(d) Powerdissipatedin4Ωresistor
Ans.
(e) Differenceinammeterreadings,ifany.
Ans.Sinceresistorsareconnectedinseries,sotherewillbenodifferenceinammeter
reading.
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