exercise: three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor / three-phase rotating machines

8/9/2019 Exercise: Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor / Three-Phase Rotating Machines

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/exercise-three-phase-squirrel-cage-induction-motor-three-phase-rotating 1/43

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]ob kblbrjtdr prflhfpcb ............................................................. ;

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]d jlswbr tob flhrbjsflkcy mfvbrsfgfbm lbbms gdr trjflflk fl tob wfmb gfbcm dgbcbhtrfhjc blbrky, tob Bcbhtrfh ^dwbr ]bholdcdky ]rjflflk ^rdkrja wjsmbvbcdpbm js j admucjr stumy prdkrja gdr tbholfhjc flstftutbs, hdccbkbs, jlmulfvbrsftfbs. ]ob prdkrja fs sodwl `bcdw js j gcdw hojrt, wfto bjho `dx fl tobgcdw hojrt rbprbsbltflk j hdursb.

]ob Bcbhtrfh ̂ dwbr ]bholdcdky ]rjflflk ̂ rdkrja.



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Md ydu ojvb sukkbstfdls dr hrftfhfsa rbkjrmflk tofs ajlujc4

Fg sd, sblm us jl b-ajfc jt mfmNmb.gbstd.hda.

]ob jutodrs jlm Gbstd Mfmjhtfh cdde gdrwjrm td ydur hdaablts.



© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> _F

J`dut ]ofs Ajlujc

Pdtjtflk ajhoflbs suho js bcbhtrfhjc adtdrs jlm kblbrjtdrs (dr jctbrljtdrs) jrbgdulm fl jcadst bvbry sbhtdr dg flmustry. ]ob `jsfh prflhfpcbs dg dpbrjtfdl dgrdtjtflk ajhoflbs ojvb `bbl eldwl gdr jcadst twd hblturfbs. Pdtjtflk ajhoflbsdpbrjtb mub td tob fltbrjhtfdl `btwbbl ajklbtfh gfbcms jlm hurrblt-hjrryflkhdlmuhtdrs, jlm jrb spcft fltd twd `jsfh hjtbkdrfbs9 adtdrs jlm kblbrjtdrs.

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pdwbr fltd torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr. ]oby jrb usbm wdrcmwfmb fl oymrdbcbhtrfh,mfbsbc, hdjc-gfrbm, jlm luhcbjr pdwbr pcjlts, js wbcc js fl wflm tur`flbs. J typb dgtorbb-pojsb kblbrjtdr usbm wfmbcy fs tob torbb-pojsb sylhordldus kblbrjtdr.]orbb-pojsb sylhordldus kblbrjtdrs jrb `jsfhjccy torbb-pojsb sylhordldusajhoflbs dpbrjtflk jt tob sylhordldus spbbm jlm mrfvbl `y j prfab advbr(b.k., j wjtbr tur`flb, j stbja tur`flb, j wflm tur`flb).

Kblbrjtdrs (dr jctbrljtdrs) ojvb `bbl usbm td kblbrjtb jh pdwbr gdr adrb tojl j hbltury.



J`dut ]ofs Ajlujc

_FF © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

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adtdr jlm j kblbrjtdr) dg tob gdccdwflk torbb-pojsb ajhoflbs9 squfrrbc-hjkbflmuhtfdl ajhoflb jlm sylhordldus ajhoflb.

Xjgbty hdlsfmbrjtfdls

Xjgbty sya`dcs tojt ajy `b usbm fl tofs ajlujc jlm dl tob bqufpablt jrb cfstbmfl tob Xjgbty Xya`dcs tj`cb jt tob `bkfllflk dg tob ajlujc.

Xjgbty prdhbmurbs rbcjtbm td tob tjses tojt ydu wfcc `b jsebm td pbrgdra jrbflmfhjtbm fl bjho bxbrhfsb.

Ajeb surb tojt ydu jrb wbjrflk jpprdprfjtb prdtbhtfvb bqufpablt wobl

pbrgdraflk tob tjses. Vdu soducm lbvbr pbrgdra j tjse fg ydu ojvb jly rbjsdl tdtofle tojt j ajlfpucjtfdl hducm `b mjlkbrdus gdr ydu dr ydur tbjaajtbs.

^rbrbqufsftb

Js j prbrbqufsftb td tofs hdursb, ydu soducm ojvb rbjm tob ajlujcs tftcbmMH ^dwbr Hfrhufts, p.l. ?782>, Xflkcb-ôjsb JH ^dwbr Hfrhufts, jlm ]orbb-ôjsb JH ^dwbr Hfrhufts, p.l. ?787>.

Xystbas dg ulfts

Rlfts jrb bxprbssbm usflk tob Fltbrljtfdljc Xystba dg Rlfts (XF) gdccdwbm `y tobulfts bxprbssbm fl tob R.X. hustdajry systba dg ulfts (`btwbbl pjrbltobsbs).



© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> _FFF

]d tob Flstruhtdr

Vdu wfcc gflm fl tofs Flstruhtdr Kufmb jcc tob bcbablts flhcumbm fl tob XtumbltAjlujc tdkbtobr wfto tob jlswbrs td jcc qubstfdls, rbsucts dg abjsurbablts,krjpos, bxpcjljtfdls, sukkbstfdls, jlm, fl sdab hjsbs, flstruhtfdls td obcp ydukufmb tob stumblts torduko tobfr cbjrlflk prdhbss. Jcc tob flgdrajtfdl tojt jppcfbstd ydu fs pcjhbm `btwbbl ajrebrs jlm jppbjrs fl rbm.

Jhhurjhy dg abjsurbablts

]ob luabrfhjc rbsucts dg tob ojlms-dl bxbrhfsbs ajy mfggbr grda dlb stumblt tdjldtobr. Gdr tofs rbjsdl, tob rbsucts jlm jlswbrs kfvbl fl tofs ajlujc soducm `bhdlsfmbrbm js j kufmb. Xtumblts wod hdrrbhtcy pbrgdrabm tob bxbrhfsbs soducmbxpbht td mbadlstrjtb tob prflhfpcbs flvdcvbm jlm ajeb d`sbrvjtfdls jlmabjsurbablts sfafcjr td todsb kfvbl js jlswbrs.

Bqufpablt flstjccjtfdl

Fl drmbr gdr stumblts td `b j`cb td pbrgdra tob bxbrhfsbs fl tob Xtumblt Ajlujc,tob Bcbhtrfh ^dwbr ]bholdcdky ]rjflflk Bqufpablt aust ojvb `bbl prdpbrcyflstjccbm, jhhdrmflk td tob flstruhtfdls kfvbl fl tob usbr kufmb Bcbhtrfh ^dwbr]bholdcdky ]rjflflk Bqufpablt, pjrt lua`br 8?=?7-B.



Xjapcb Bxbrhfsb

Bxtrjhtbm grda

tob Xtumblt Ajlujc

jlm tob Flstruhtdr Kufmb



© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> 86

[obl ydu ojvb hdapcbtbm tofs bxbrhfsb, ydu wfcc `b gjafcfjr wfto tob dpbrjtfdljlm tob ajfl hojrjhtbrfstfhs dg torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs. Vduwfcc eldw wojt adtdr bggfhfblhy jlm ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs jrb. Vdu wfcc jcsdeldw tob rbcjtfdlsofps `btwbbl tob mfggbrblt pjrjabtbrs rbcjtbm td tob dpbrjtfdldg torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs, suho js tob adtdr spbbm, tdrqub,abhojlfhjc pdwbr, jhtfvb pdwbr, rbjhtfvb pdwbr, pdwbr gjhtdr, jlm bggfhfblhy.

]ob Mfshussfdl dg tofs bxbrhfsb hdvbrs tob gdccdwflk pdflts9

]orbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr dpbrjtfdl

Pbcjtfdlsofp `btwbbl spbbm jlm tdrqub fl torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkbflmuhtfdl adtdrs

Bggfhfblhy dg torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs

Pbcjtfdlsofp `btwbbl rbjhtfvb pdwbr, pdwbr gjhtdr, jlm adtdr bggfhfblhyfl torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs

Ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs

]orbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr dpbrjtfdl

Dlb wjy dg hrbjtflk j rdtjtflk bcbhtrdajklbt fs td hdllbht j torbb-pojsb jhpdwbr sdurhb td j stjtdr ajmb dg torbb bcbhtrdajklbts J, @, jlm H tojt jrbpoysfhjccy cdhjtbm jt jl jlkcb dg :0>¾ dlb td jldtobr, js sodwl fl Gfkurb 0-2.

]ob ]orbb-^ojsb Xqufrrbc-Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr

Bxbrhfsb 0-:

B _BPHFXB D@IBH]FWB

MFXHRXXFDL DR]CFLB

MFXHRXXFDL



Bx. 0-: ‘ ]ob ]orbb-^ojsb Xqufrrbc-Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr Mfshussfdl

=> © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

Gfkurb 0-2. ]orbb-pojsb stjtdr wflmflks (twd pdcbs pbr pojsb).

[obl sflb-wjvb hurrblts tojt jrb sfafcjrcy pojsb sofgtbm jt jl jlkcb dg :0>¾ dlbtd jldtobr gcdw fl stjtdr bcbhtrdajklbts J, @, jlm H, j ajklbtfh gfbcm tojt rdtjtbsvbry rbkucjrcy fs d`tjflbm. Gfkurb 0-7 sodws odw tob torbb sflb wjvb hurrbltsvjry torduko tfab, grda flstjlt : td flstjlt 7, jgtbr wofho tob hyhcb stjrts jkjfl jtflstjlt :.

Gfkurb 0-7. ]orbb-pojsb sflb wjvb hurrblts gcdwflk fl tob stjtdr wflmflks.

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© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> =:

Gfkurb 0-; sodws tob pdsftfdl dg tob rdtjtflk ajklbtfh gfbcm hrbjtbm `y stjtdrbcbhtrdajklbts J, @, jlm H js tob sflb wjvb hurrblts fccustrjtbm fl Gfkurb 0-7gcdw fl tob stjtdr bcbhtrdajklbts. Flstjlts : td 7 fl Gfkurb 0-7 hdrrbspdlm tdflstjlts : td 7 fl Gfkurb 0-;. Ldtfhb tojt tob ajklbtfh cflbs dg gdrhb bxft jt tobldrto pdcb dg bjho stjtdr bcbhtrdajklbt jlm bltbr jt tob sduto pdcb. Js hjl `bsbbl, tob rbsuctflk ajklbtfh gfbcm rdtjtbs hcdhewfsb.

Gfkurb 0-;. ̂ dsftfdl dg tob rdtjtflk ajklbtfh gfbcm jt vjrfdus flstjlts.

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=0 © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

]ob sflb-wjvb hurrblts gcdwflk torduko tob stjtdr prdmuhb j ajklbtfh gfbcm tojtrdtjtbs rbkucjrcy jlm wodsb strblkto mdbs ldt vjry dvbr tfab. ]ob spbbm dg tobrdtjtflk ajklbtfh gfbcm fs eldwl js tob adtdr sylhordldus spbbm jlm fsprdpdrtfdljc td tob grbqublhy dg tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb, jlm flvbrsbcyprdpdrtfdljc td tob lua`br dg ajklbtfh pdcbs fl tob adtdr pbr pojsb. ]obsylhordldus spbbm dg j adtdr dpbrjtflk jt j kfvbl grbqublhy hjl `bhjchucjtbm usflk tob gdccdwflk bqujtfdl9

:0>

(0-:)

wobrb fs tob adtdr sylhordldus spbbm, bxprbssbm fl rbvdcutfdls pbraflutb (r/afl).

fs tob grbqublhy dg tob jh pdwbr sdurhb, bxprbssbm flobrtz (Oz).

fs tob lua`br dg ajklbtfh pdcbs fl tob adtdr pbr pojsb.

]ob suppcfbm Gdur-^dcb Xqufrrbc Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr ojs gdur ajklbtfh pdcbsgdr bjho pojsb. ]ofs abjls tojt, wobl dpbrjtflk jt j grbqublhy dg 2> Oz, tobadtdr sylhordldus spbbm fs bqujc td9

:0>

:0> ∖ 2> Oz

= pdcbs :2>> r/afl

[obl dpbrjtflk jt j grbqublhy dg 7> Oz, tob adtdr sylhordldus spbbm fsbqujc td9

:0>

:0> ∖ 7> Oz

= pdcbs :?>> r/afl

[obl j squfrrbc-hjkb rdtdr fs pcjhbm flsfmb tob rdtjtflk ajklbtfh gfbcm prdmuhbmfl tob stjtdr, tob rdtdr fs puccbm jcdlk fl tob sjab mfrbhtfdl js tob stjtdr rdtjtflkajklbtfh gfbcm. Fltbrhojlkflk tob pdwbr hdllbhtfdls td jly twd dg tob stjtdrwflmflks (fltbrhojlkflk J wfto @ gdr bxjapcb) fltbrhojlkbs twd dg tob torbbstjtdr hurrblts jlm tous rbvbrsbs tob pojsb sbqublhb. ]ofs hjusbs tob rdtjtflkajklbtfh gfbcm td rbvbrsb mfrbhtfdl. Js j rbsuct, tob mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl dg tobadtdr fs jcsd rbvbrsbm.




== © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

]ob scfp dg j adtdr hjl jcsd `b bxprbssbm js j pbrhbltjkb (%), f.b., js j rjtfd`btwbbl tob spbbm dg tob rdtdr jlm tob spbbm dg tob rdtjtflk ajklbtfh gfbcm (tobsylhordldus spbbm ). Fl tojt hjsb, adtdr scfp fs hjchucjtbm usflk tob gdccdwflkbqujtfdl9

Adtdr scfp :>>

(0-8)

Gfkurb 0-6 sodws tob tdrqub vbrsus spbbm hurvb dg j typfhjc torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr. Js ydu hjl sbb, wobl tob adtdr spbbm fs bqujc td tobadtdr sylhordldus spbbm , tob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y tob adtdr fs zbrd. ]ofs fs`bhjusb scfp (f.b., j mfggbrblhb `btwbbl tob rdtdr spbbm jlm tob rdtjtflk ajklbtfhgfbcm spbbm) fs lbhbssjry fl drmbr gdr tob adtdr td mbvbcdp tdrqub. Js tobtdrqub prdmuhbm `y tob adtdr flhrbjsbs, tob scfp flhrbjsbs, jlm tob adtdrspbbm scdwcy mbhrbjsbs. [obl tob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y tob squfrrbc-hjkbflmuhtfdl adtdr rbjhobs fts ldafljc vjcub, tob spbbm jt wofho tob adtdr fsrdtjtflk hdrrbspdlms td tob squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr ldafljc spbbm. [obltob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y tob adtdr flhrbjsbs gurtobr (f.b., js tob scfp hdltflubs

td flhrbjsb jlm tob adtdr spbbm hdltflubs td mbhrbjsb), j pdflt dg flstj`fcftyhjccbm tob `rbjemdwl tdrqub fs bvbltujccy rbjhobm. Jt tofs pdflt, tob adtdrspbbm hdltflubs td mbhrbjsb, `ut tob tdrqub, wofho fs jt j ajxfaua, `bkfls tdmbhrbjsb. ]ob adtdr tdrqub jt j adtdr spbbm dg > r/afl (f.b., wobl tob adtdrfs stdppbm), hjccbm cdhebm-rdtdr tdrqub, fs usujccy cdwbr tojl tob `rbjemdwltdrqub.

Gfkurb 0-6. ]ypfhjc torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr tdrqub vbrsus spbbm hurvb.

Xylhordldus

spbbm

Adtdr ldafljctdrqub

@rbjemdwltdrqub rbkfdl

Cdhebm-rdtdrtdrqub

@rbjemdwl tdrqub

Adtdr spbbm (r/afl)

A d t d r ] d r q u b

( L » a d r c `

g » f l )

Adtdr ldafljcspbbm

Adtdr ldafljcdpbrjtfdl pdflt

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© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> =2

Bggfhfblhy dg torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs

Adtdr bggfhfblhy fs mbgflbm js tob abjsurb dg odw wbcc j adtdr hdlvbrtsbcbhtrfhjc blbrky fltd usbguc wdre (f.b., fltd abhojlfhjc blbrky), jlm hjl `bhjchucjtbm usflk tob gdccdwflk bqujtfdl.

:>>

(0-=)

wobrb fs tob adtdr bggfhfblhy, bxprbssbm fl pbrhbltjkb (%).

fs tob abhojlfhjc pdwbr prdmuhbm `y tob adtdr, bxprbssbm flwjtts ([).

fs tob jhtfvb pdwbr suppcfbm td tob adtdr, bxprbssbm fl wjtts ([).

Js ydu hjl sbb grda Bqujtfdl (0-=), tob ofkobr tob abhojlfhjc pdwbr prdmuhbm`y tob adtdr gdr j kfvbl jadult dg bcbhtrfhjc pdwbr, tob adrb bggfhfblt tob adtdr.

Gfkurb 0-:> sodws j krjpo dg tob bggfhfblhy dg j typfhjc torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkbflmuhtfdl adtdr js j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr. Js tob gfkurbsodws, tob bggfhfblhy dg j torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr mdbs ldtvjry auho wobl tob adtdr fs dpbrjtflk jt jrdulm :>>% dg fts ldafljcabhojlfhjc pdwbr. Adtdr bggfhfblhy, odwbvbr, mrdps rjpfmcy js tob adtdrabhojlfhjc pdwbr mbhrbjsbs td j`dut 7>% dg fts ldafljc vjcub.

Gfkurb 0-:>. Adtdr bggfhfblhy js j gulhtfdl dg tob pbrhbltjkb dg ldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr gdrj typfhjc torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

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A d t d r b g g f h f b l h y ( % )




=7 © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

Pbcjtfdlsofp ̀ btwbbl rbjhtfvb pdwbr, pdwbr gjhtdr, jlm adtdr bggfhfblhy fltorbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs

Jl fapdrtjlt hojrjhtbrfstfh dg torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs fs tojttoby jcwjys mrjw rbjhtfvb pdwbr grda tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb. Fl gjht,tob rbjhtfvb pdwbr bxhojlkbm `btwbbl tob torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl

adtdr jlm tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb bxhbbms tob jhtfvb pdwbr hdlsuabm`y tob adtdr murflk ld-cdjm dpbrjtfdl. Pbjhtfvb pdwbr fs lbhbssjry td hrbjtb tobrdtjtflk ajklbtfh gfbcm fl torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs fl tob sjabwjy tojt jl flmuhtdr lbbms rbjhtfvb pdwbr td hrbjtb tob ajklbtfh gfbcm tojtsurrdulms ft.

]ob rbjhtfvb pdwbr rbqufrbablt dg j torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrojs j cdt dg fapjht dl tob adtdr dpbrjtfdl. Dlb dg tob adst fapdrtjlt bggbhts fstojt tob pdwbr gjhtdr dg tob adtdr mbhrbjsbs rjpfmcy wobl wdreflk ulmbr tobadtdr ldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr. ]ofs fs mub td tob gjht tojt j torbb-pojsbsqufrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr rbqufrbs j`dut js auho rbjhtfvb pdwbr td prdmuhbj cdw abhojlfhjc pdwbr js td prdmuhb j abhojlfhjc pdwbr bqujc td tob adtdr‖sldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr. ]ofs rbcjtfdlsofp fs fccustrjtbm fl Gfkurb 0-::. Xflhbtob lbhbssjry bxhojlkb dg rbjhtfvb pdwbr `btwbbl tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbrsdurhb jlm tob torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr flhrbjsb tob jadult dgpdwbr tojt gcdws fl j systba (jlm tous, tob sfzb jlm hdst dg tob systba), ft fsfapdrtjlt td sfzb tob adtdr sd tojt ft dpbrjtbs js hcdsb js pdssf`cb td fts ldafljcabhojlfhjc pdwbr.

Gfkurb 0-::. Jhtfvb pdwbr jlm rbjhtfvb pdwbr js j gulhtfdl dg tob abhojlfhjc pdwbr gdr j typfhjc torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

]ob rbjhtfvb pdwbr rbqufrbablts dg j torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrjcsd ojvb jl fapjht dl tob adtdr bggfhfblhy. Xflhb cjrkb adtdrs rbqufrb adrbrbjhtfvb pdwbr (jlm tous, adrb hurrblt) td `ufcm tob rdtjtflk ajklbtfh gfbcm tojlsajcc adtdrs md, usflk jl dvbrsfzbm adtdr gdr j kfvbl jppcfhjtfdl abjls tojt

Adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr ([)

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A d t d r r b j h t f v b p d w b r

( v j r )

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© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> =;

adrb hurrblt wfcc gcdw fl tob systba gdr tob sjab abhojlfhjc pdwbr yfbcm.Eldwflk tojt tob bqujtfdl gdr hjchucjtflk pdwbr cdssbs fl j systba fs ,ofkobr hurrblts gcdwflk fl tob adtdr rbsuct fl ofkobr pdwbr cdssbs, tous rbmuhflktob adtdr bggfhfblhy. Ft fs tobrbgdrb vbry fapdrtjlt wobl sfzflk j torbb-pojsbsqufrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr gdr jly jppcfhjtfdl td blsurb tojt tob adtdr wfccdpbrjtb hcdsb td fts ldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr adst dg tob tfab, js Gfkurb 0-:>sodwbm. Dtobrwfsb, ft rbsucts fl usbcbss pdwbr jlm blbrky cdssbs.

Fl drmbr td ajxfafzb tob pdwbr gjhtdr jlm tob bggfhfblhy dg squfrrbc-hjkbflmuhtfdl adtdrs gdr j kfvbl jppcfhjtfdl, ft fs tobrbgdrb lbhbssjry td blsurb tojt,gfrst, tob adtdr fs hdrrbhtcy-sfzbm gdr tob jppcfhjtfdl jlm, sbhdlm, tob adtdr fswdreflk wftofl fts spbhfgfbm ldafljc dpbrjtfdl rjlkb murflk adst dg tob tfab ft fsusbm fl tob jppcfhjtfdl.

Ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs

Js abltfdlbm bjrcfbr, tob ofkobr tob abhojlfhjc pdwbr prdmuhbm `y tob adtdr gdrj kfvbl jadult dg bcbhtrfhjc pdwbr, tob adrb bggfhfblt tob adtdr. ]ob bggfhfblhy dgj adtdr fs tous flvbrsbcy prdpdrtfdljc td tob jadult dg blbrky cdssbs dhhurrflk fltob adtdr murflk tob prdhbss dg hdlvbrtflk tob bcbhtrfhjc blbrky suppcfbm td tobadtdr fltd abhojlfhjc blbrky. ]j`cb 0-: cfsts tob mfggbrblt typbs dg blbrky cdssbsdhhurrflk fl j typfhjc torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr. Ld-cdjm cdssbsjrb cdssbs tojt rbajfl hdlstjlt rbkjrmcbss dg tob adtdr cdjm, wofcb cdjm cdssbsvjry mbpblmflk dl tob adtdr cdjm.

]j`cb 0-:. ]ypbs dg blbrky cdssbs fl j typfhjc torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

Ld-cdjm cdssbs Cdjm cdssbs

Frdl cdssbs fl hdrb Xtjtdr hdppbr cdssbs

[flmjkb jlm grfhtfdl cdssbs Pdtdr cdssbs

Xtrjy cdjm cdssbs

Ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs jrb adtdrs tojt jrb mbsfklbm td rbmuhb td j hbrtjflbxtblt jly dr jcc dg tob blbrky cdss typbs cfstbm fl ]j`cb 0-:. Rsujc faprdvbabltsmbsfklbm td flhrbjsb adtdr bggfhfblhy flhcumb j cblktoblflk dg tob adtdr hdrb,tob usb dg ofkobr qujcfty stbbc, tofllbr adtdr cjafljtfdls, j ofkobr jadult dghdppbr fl tob adtdr wflmflks (f.b., tob usb dg cjrkbr hdlmuhtdrs), jlm faprdvbm`bjrflks. Mub td tobsb faprdvbablts, ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs ojvb j lua`br dgjmvjltjkbs dvbr ldrajc-bggfhfblhy adtdrs, tob adst fapdrtjlt dg wofho jrb cfstbm`bcdw9

]oby hdlsuab cbss bcbhtrfhjc pdwbr (typfhjccy up td =% cbss) gdr tob

sjab abhojlfhjc pdwbr js ldrajc-bggfhfblhy adtdrs. ]ofs abjls tojt

ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs ojvb cdwbr dpbrjtflk hdsts tojl ldrajc-bggfhfblhy

adtdrs.

]oby ajfltjfl j ofko adtdr bggfhfblhy wobl dpbrjtflk jt j abhojlfhjc

pdwbr js cdw js 2>% dg tob adtdr ldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr.

]oby jrb adrb rbcfj`cb jlm tob adtdr hdapdlblts (b.k., `bjrflks,

wflmflks) ojvb j cdlkbr cfgb.

]oby `bttbr wftostjlm ofko vdctjkb gcuhtujtfdls, sodrt-tbra dvbrcdjms,

jlm pojsb fa`jcjlhb.



Bx. 0-: ‘ ]ob ]orbb-^ojsb Xqufrrbc-Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr ^rdhbmurb Dutcflb

=? © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

Ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs jrb bspbhfjccy fapdrtjlt fl rbcjtfdl td rblbwj`cb blbrkfbs`bhjusb toby obcp fl rbmuhflk tob blbrky mbajlm (jlm tous tob hjr`dl bafssfdltojt rbsucts grda tob prdmuhtfdl dg tofs blbrky) dg jly systba wobrb adtdrs jrbusbm td pbrgdra wdre. Kfvbl tojt adtdrs hurrbltcy usb rdukocy 72% dg tob blbrkyhdlsuabm `y flmustry wdrcmwfmb, usflk ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs fs j vbry bggbhtfvbwjy dg rbmuhflk tob fapjht dg cjrkb-shjcb blbrky hdlsuaptfdl dl tobblvfrdlablt.

Gfkurb 0-:0. Ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs obcp fl rbmuhflk bcbhtrfhfty hdlsuaptfdl `y flmustry

wdrcmwfmb. ]ob j`dvb adtdrs jrb pjrt dg j lbw rjlkb dg hbrtfgfbm FB0 (ofko bggfhfblhy)jlm FB8 (prbafua bggfhfblhy) flmuhtfdl adtdrs. FB0 jlm FB8 jrb hbrtfgfhjtfdls fssubm `y tobFltbrljtfdljc Bcbhtrfhjc Hdaafssfdl rbkjrmflk tob bggfhfblhy dg bcbhtrfhjc adtdrs (© XfbablsJK 0>:0, jcc rfkots rbsbrvbm).

]ob ^rdhbmurb fs mfvfmbm fltd tob gdccdwflk sbhtfdls9

Xbt up jlm hdllbhtfdls

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr ld-cdjm jlm gucc-cdjm dpbrjtfdl

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr dpbrjtfdl hojrjhtbrfstfhs

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl

Ofko vdctjkbs jrb prbsblt fl tofs cj`drjtdry bxbrhfsb. Md ldt ajeb dr admfgy jly

`jljlj ijhe hdllbhtfdls wfto tob pdwbr dl ulcbss dtobrwfsb spbhfgfbm.

^PDHBMRPB DR]CFLB

^PDHBMRPB



Bx. 0-: ‘ ]ob ]orbb-^ojsb Xqufrrbc-Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr ^rdhbmurb

© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> =6

Xbt up jlm hdllbhtfdls

Fl tofs sbhtfdl, ydu wfcc sbt up j hfrhuft hdltjflflk j torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdlajhoflb hdupcbm td j prfab advbr/`rjeb. Vdu wfcc tobl sbt tob abjsurflkbqufpablt rbqufrbm td stumy tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl ajhoflb dpbrjtflk js jadtdr.

:. Pbgbr td tob Bqufpablt Rtfcfzjtfdl Hojrt fl Jppblmfx J td d`tjfl tob cfst dgbqufpablt rbqufrbm td pbrgdra tofs bxbrhfsb.

Flstjcc tob rbqufrbm bqufpablt fl tob [drestjtfdl.

@bgdrb hdupcflk rdtjtflk ajhoflbs, ajeb j`sdcutbcy surb tojt pdwbr fs turlbm dgg

td prbvblt jly ajhoflb grda stjrtflk fljmvbrtbltcy.

Abhojlfhjccy hdupcb tob Gdur-^dcb Xqufrrbc Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr td tob

Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy usflk j tfaflk `bct.

0. Ajeb surb tojt tob jh jlm mh pdwbr swfthobs dl tob ^dwbr Xuppcy jrb sbt tdtob D (dgg) pdsftfdl, tobl hdllbht tob ^dwbr Xuppcy td j torbb-pojsbjh pdwbr dutcbt.

Ajeb surb tojt tob ajfl pdwbr swftho dl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy fs sbt td tob D (dgg) pdsftfdl, tobl hdllbht fts ^dwbr Flput td jljh pdwbr dutcbt.

Hdllbht tob ^dwbr Flput dg tob Mjtj Jhqufsftfdl jlm Hdltrdc Fltbrgjhb td j0= W jh pdwbr suppcy. ]url tob 0= W jh pdwbr suppcy dl.

8. Hdllbht tob RX@ pdrt dg tob Mjtj Jhqufsftfdl jlm Hdltrdc Fltbrgjhb td jRX@ pdrt dg tob odst hdaputbr.

Hdllbht tob RX@ pdrt dg tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy tdj RX@ pdrt dg tob odst hdaputbr.

=. ]url tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy dl, tobl sbt tobDpbrjtflk Admb swftho td Myljadabtbr . ]ofs sbttflk jccdws tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy td dpbrjtb js j prfab advbr, j `rjeb,dr `dto, mbpblmflk dl tob sbcbhtbm gulhtfdl.




2> © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

2. ]url tob odst hdaputbr dl, tobl stjrt tob CWMJH-BAX sdgtwjrb.

Fl tob CWMJH-BAX Xtjrt-Rp wflmdw, ajeb surb tob Mjtj Jhqufsftfdl jlmHdltrdc Fltbrgjhb jlm tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy jrbmbtbhtbm. Ajeb surb tob Hdaputbr-@jsbm Flstruabltjtfdl gulhtfdl fsjvjfcj`cb gdr tob Mjtj Jhqufsftfdl jlm Hdltrdc Fltbrgjhb. Xbcbht tob lbtwdrevdctjkb jlm grbqublhy tojt hdrrbspdlm td tob vdctjkb jlm grbqublhy dg ydurcdhjc jh pdwbr lbtwdre, tobl hcfhe tob DE `uttdl td hcdsb tob CWMJH-BAXXtjrt-Rp wflmdw.

7. Hdllbht tob bqufpablt js sodwl fl Gfkurb 0-:8.

Gfkurb 0-:8. ]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl ajhoflb hdupcbm td j prfab advbr/`rjeb.

;. Fl CWMJH-BAX, sbt tob Pjlkb sbttflk dg hurrblt flputs F: jlm F0 td Ofko.

?. Fl CWMJH-BAX, dpbl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, tobl ajeb tob gdccdwflk sbttflks9

Xbt tob Gulhtfdl pjrjabtbr td H[ Hdlstjlt-Xpbbm ^rfab Advbr/@rjeb. ]ofs sbttflk ajebs tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbrXuppcy dpbrjtb js j hdlstjlt-spbbm prfab advbr/`rjeb rdtjtflk fltob hcdhewfsb mfrbhtfdl. Fl tofs bxbrhfsb, tob H[ Hdlstjlt-Xpbbm^rfab Advbr/@rjeb gulhtfdl wfcc `b usbm js j `rjeb.

Xbt tob Xpbbm pjrjabtbr td tob sylhordldus spbbm dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl ajhoflb. ]ofs sbttflk wfcc hjusb tob hdlstjlt-spbbm

prfab advbr/`rjeb td ajeb tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl ajhoflbrdtjtb jt tob sylhordldus spbbm.

]ob sylhordldus spbbm dg tob Gdur-^dcb Xqufrrbc Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr fs:2>> r/afl jt j cdhjc jh pdwbr lbtwdre grbqublhy dg 2> Oz jlm :?>> r/afl jt jcdhjc jh pdwbr lbtwdre grbqublhy dg 7> Oz.

Xbt tob ^uccby Pjtfd pjrjabtbr td 0=90=.

^rfabadvbr/`rjeb

]orbb-pojsbflmuhtfdlajhoflb

C:

C0

C8

=> J tbrafljc

=> J tbrafljc




© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> 2:

6. Fl CWMJH-BAX, stjrt tob Abtbrflk jppcfhjtfdl. Ajeb tob rbqufrbm sbttflks fldrmbr td abjsurb tob ras vjcubs (jh) dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl ajhoflbcflb vdctjkb (flput B:) jlm cflb hurrblt (flput F:). Xbt twd dtobrabtbrs td abjsurb tob ajhoflb jhtfvb pdwbr jlm rbjhtfvb pdwbr usflktob twd-wjttabtbr abtodm (abtbr gulhtfdl ^ZX: ^ZX0 ). Gfljccy, sbt jabtbr td abjsurb tob ajhoflb pdwbr gjhtdr grda flputs B:, F:, B0 ,

jlm F0 .

]ob ^G (BF:, BF0) gulhtfdl (jhhbssf`cb torduko tob Abtbr Xbttflks wflmdw dgtob Abtbrflk jppcfhjtfdl) jccdws tob hjchucjtfdl dg tob pdwbr gjhtdr usflk tob

pdwbr vjcubs abjsurbm grda vdctjkb jlm hurrblt flputs B: jlm F:, jlm B0 jlm F0.

Hcfhe tob Hdltfludus Pbgrbso `uttdl td blj`cb hdltfludus rbgrbso dg tobvjcubs flmfhjtbm `y tob vjrfdus abtbrs fl tob Abtbrflk jppcfhjtfdl.

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr ld-cdjm jlm gucc-cdjm dpbrjtfdl

Fl tob rbst dg tofs bxbrhfsb, tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl ajhoflb fs dgtbl rbgbrrbm

td js tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr sflhb ft dpbrjtbs js j adtdr.

Fl tofs sbhtfdl, ydu wfcc sbt tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr td rdtjtb wftodut cdjmjlm abjsurb tob rdtjtfdl spbbm jlm mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl. Vdu wfcc vbrfgy tojt tobabjsurbm spbbm fs vbry hcdsb td tob sylhordldus spbbm. Vdu wfcc tobl flhrbjsbtob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr ultfc tob adtdr wdres jtldafljc pdwbr, jlm rbhdrm tob ldafljc adtdr spbbm, tdrqub, jlm cflb hurrblt.Vdu wfcc vbrfgy tojt tob abjsurbm ldafljc adtdr spbbm jlm cflb hurrblt jrbjpprdxfajtbcy bqujc td tob spbhfgfbm ldafljc adtdr spbbm jlm cflb hurrblt.

:>. Dl tob ^dwbr Xuppcy, turl tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb dl td stjrt tobtorbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

Fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, stjrt tobH[ Hdlstjlt-Xpbbm ^rfab Advbr/@rjeb. Jmiust tob Xpbbm pjrjabtbr ultfctob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr fs js hcdsb jspdssf`cb td > L»a (> c`g»fl).

Fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, abjsurb jlmrbhdrm tob ld-cdjm spbbm dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

Adtdr ld-cdjm spbbm r/afl

Adtdr ld-cdjm spbbm :;67 r/afl

Pbhdrm tob mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

Adtdr mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl9

Adtdr mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl9 hcdhewfsb




20 © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

::. Fs tob adtdr ld-cdjm spbbm ydu rbhdrmbm fl tob prbvfdus stbp vbry hcdsb tdtob sylhordldus spbbm dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr(f.b., :2>> r/afl jt j cdhjc jh pdwbr lbtwdre grbqublhy dg 2> Ozjlm :?>> r/afl jt j cdhjc jh pdwbr lbtwdre grbqublhy dg 7> Oz)4

Vbs Ld

Vbs

:0. Fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, mbhrbjsb tobXpbbm pjrjabtbr ultfc tob abhojlfhjc pdwbr (flmfhjtbm `y tobabhojlfhjc pdwbr abtbr fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw) prdmuhbm `y tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr fs js hcdsb js pdssf`cbtd 0>> [.

Abjsurb jlm rbhdrm tob ldafljc vjcub dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdrspbbm jlm tdrqub flmfhjtbm fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr

Xuppcy wflmdw, js wbcc js tob ldafljc vjcub dg tob adtdr cflb hurrblt flmfhjtbm fl tob Abtbrflk jppcfhjtfdl.

Ldafljc adtdr spbbm r/afl

Ldafljc adtdr tdrqub L»a (c`g»fl)

Ldafljc adtdr cflb hurrblt J

Ldafljc adtdr spbbm :7?2 r/afl

Ldafljc adtdr tdrqub :.:= L»a (:>.: c`g»fl)

Ldafljc adtdr cflb hurrblt :.:= J

:8. Jrb tob abjsurbm ldafljc adtdr spbbm jlm cflb hurrblt rbhdrmbm fltob prbvfdus stbp jpprdxfajtbcy bqujc td tob ldafljc adtdr spbbm jlm cflbhurrblt rjtflks dg tob Gdur-^dcb Xqufrrbc Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr flmfhjtbmfl ]j`cb 0-0 gdr ydur cdhjc jh pdwbr lbtwdre vdctjkb jlm grbqublhy4

]j`cb 0-0. Ldafljc adtdr spbbm jlm cflb hurrblt jt 0>> [ dutput pdwbr.

Cdhjc jh pdwbr lbtwdre Ldafljc adtdrspbbm

(r/afl)

Ldafljc adtdrcflb hurrblt

(J)Wdctjkb

(W)

Grbqublhy

(Oz)

:0> 7> :7?2 :.:=

00> 2> :87= >.22

0=> 2> :87= >.=6

00> 7> :788 >.22

Vbs Ld





Vbs

:=. Fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, stdp tobH[ Hdlstjlt-Xpbbm ̂ rfab Advbr/@rjeb.

Dl tob ^dwbr Xuppcy, turl tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb dgg td stdp tobtorbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr dpbrjtfdl hojrjhtbrfstfhs

Fl tofs sbhtfdl, ydu wfcc ajeb tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr spbbm mbhrbjsb `ystbp grda tob adtdr sylhordldus spbbm td > r/afl, rbhdrmflk jt bjho stbp fl tobMjtj ]j`cb tob adtdr spbbm, tdrqub, abhojlfhjc pdwbr, cflb vdctjkb, cflb hurrblt,jhtfvb pdwbr, rbjhtfvb pdwbr, jlm pdwbr gjhtdr. Vdu wfcc hjchucjtb tob adtdrbggfhfblhy usflk tob rbhdrmbm adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr jlm jhtfvb pdwbr vjcubs.Vdu wfcc pcdt j krjpo dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr tdrqub js j gulhtfdl dgtob adtdr spbbm, jlm fltbrprbt tob rbsucts. Vdu wfcc tobl pcdt j krjpo dg tob torbb-

pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr jhtfvb pdwbr, rbjhtfvb pdwbr, pdwbr gjhtdr, jlm bggfhfblhyjs j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr, jlm fltbrprbt tob rbsucts.

:2. Fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, ajeb tobgdccdwflk sbttflks9

Xbt tob Gulhtfdl pjrjabtbr td Xpbbm Xwbbp. ]ofs gulhtfdl ajebstob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy dpbrjtb js jhdlstjlt-spbbm prfab advbr/`rjeb wodsb spbbm vjrfbs dvbr j rjlkbmbgflbm `y tob Xtjrt Xpbbm jlm Gflfso Xpbbm pjrjabtbrs fl jspbhfgfbm lua`br dg stbps (mbtbraflbm `y tob Lua`br dg Xtbps pjrjabtbr) dg bqujc tfab murjtfdl. ]ob gulhtfdl jcsd jccdws rbhdrmflk

dg tob adtdr pjrjabtbrs fl tob Mjtj ]j`cb jt bjho stbp dg tob spbbmswbbp.

Xbt tob Xtjrt Xpbbm pjrjabtbr td tob sylhordldus spbbm dg tobtorbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr. ]ofs sbts tob spbbm jt wofho tobhdlstjlt-spbbm prfab advbr/`rjeb ajebs tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdladtdr rdtjtb murflk tob gfrst stbp dg tob spbbm swbbp td tobsylhordldus spbbm.

Xbt tob Gflfso Xpbbm pjrjabtbr td 0>> r/afl `bcdw tob sylhordldusspbbm dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr. ]ofs sbttflk mbtbraflbstob spbbm jt wofho tob hdlstjlt-spbbm prfab advbr/`rjeb ajebstob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr rdtjtb murflk tob cjst stbp dg tob

spbbm swbbp.

Xbt tob Lua`br dg Xtbps pjrjabtbr td :> stbps. ]ofs sbttflkmbtbraflbs tob lua`br dg stbps tojt tob hdlstjlt-spbbm prfabadvbr/`rjeb tjebs wofcb vjryflk tob spbbm jt wofho ft ajebs tobtorbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr rdtjtb murflk tob spbbm swbbp.

Xbt tob Xtbp Murjtfdl pjrjabtbr td ; s. ]ofs sbttflk mbtbraflbs tobtfab murjtfdl dg bjho stbp dg tob spbbm swbbp.




2= © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

Xbt tob Pbhdrm Mjtj td ]j`cb pjrjabtbr td Vbs. ]ofs sbttflks ajebstob Mjtj ]j`cb rbhdrm tob vjrfdus pjrjabtbrs (mbtbraflbm `y tobPbhdrm Xbttflks dg tob Mjtj ]j`cb) dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdladtdr jt tob blm dg bjho stbp dg tob spbbm swbbp.

Ajeb surb tob ^uccby Pjtfd pjrjabtbr fs sbt td 0=90=.

:7. Fl CWMJH-BAX, dpbl tob Mjtj ]j`cb wflmdw.

Xbt tob Mjtj ]j`cb td rbhdrm tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr spbbm ,tdrqub , jlm abhojlfhjc pdwbr flmfhjtbm fl tob Gdur-ZujmrjltMyljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw.

Jcsd, sbt tob Mjtj ]j`cb td rbhdrm tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr cflbvdctjkb (flput B:), cflb hurrblt (flput F:), jhtfvb pdwbr , rbjhtfvbpdwbr , jlm pdwbr gjhtdr flmfhjtbm fl tob Abtbrflk jppcfhjtfdl.

:;. Dl tob ^dwbr Xuppcy, turl tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb dl td stjrt tobtorbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

Fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, stjrt tob XpbbmXwbbp gulhtfdl.

:?. [jft gdr tob Xpbbm Xwbbp gulhtfdl td hdapcbtb fts swbbp dg tob spbhfgfbmspbbm fltbrvjc. ]obl, fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, ajeb tob gdccdwflk sbttflks9

Xbt tob Xtjrt Xpbbm pjrjabtbr td => r/afl `bcdw tob spbbm vjcub jtwofho ydu sbt tob Gflfso Xpbbm pjrjabtbr fl stbp :2.

Xbt tob Gflfso Xpbbm pjrjabtbr td > r/afl.

Xbt tob Lua`br dg Xtbps pjrjabtbr td `btwbbl :8 jlm :7 stbps.

Xbt tob Xtbp Murjtfdl pjrjabtbr td ; s. ]ofs sbttflk mbtbraflbs tobtfab murjtfdl dg bjho stbp dg tob spbbm swbbp.

:6. Fl tob Gdur-Zujmrjlt Myljadabtbr/^dwbr Xuppcy wflmdw, stjrt tob XpbbmXwbbp gulhtfdl.

0>. [jft gdr tob Xpbbm Xwbbp gulhtfdl td hdapcbtb fts swbbp dg tob spbhfgfbmspbbm fltbrvjc. ]obl, wobl jcc mjtj ojs `bbl rbhdrmbm, turl tob torbb-pojsbjh pdwbr sdurhb fl tob ^dwbr Xuppcy dgg.





0:. Fl tob Mjtj ]j`cb wflmdw, sjvb tob rbhdrmbm mjtj, tobl bxpdrt ft td jsprbjmsobbt jppcfhjtfdl.

Fl tob sprbjmsobbt jppcfhjtfdl, jmm j lbw pjrjabtbr td tob rbsucts9 tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr bggfhfblhy . ]d hjchucjtb tob adtdr bggfhfblhy , mfvfmbbjho adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr vjcubs `y tob hdrrbspdlmflk adtdr jhtfvb

pdwbr vjcub, tobl auctfpcy tob rbsuct `y :>> td bxprbss tob bggfhfblhy js jpbrhbltjkb.

]ob rbsucts d`tjflbm jrb prbsbltbm `bcdw.

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr spbbm , tdrqub , abhojlfhjc pdwbr , cflb vdctjkb , cflb

hurrblt , jhtfvb pdwbr , rbjhtfvb pdwbr , pdwbr gjhtdr , jlm bggfhfblhy .

Xpbbm (r/afl)

]drqub (L»a) Uc`g»flQ

Abhojlfhjcpdwbr

([)

Cflbvdctjkb

(W)

Cflbhurrblt

(J)

Jhtfvbpdwbr

([)

Pbjhtfvbpdwbr

(vjr)

^dwbrgjhtdr

Bggfhfblhy (%)

:;6= >.>0 U>.:6Q =.:= 0:> >.;= 2>.: 076 >.:? ?.0;

:;?0 >.:7 U:.8;Q 0?.? 0:> >.;? ;6.? 076 >.0? 87.0

:;7= >.8? U8.8=Q 76.7 0:> >.?= :02 07? >.=0 22.?

:;== >.26 U2.0>Q :>7 0:> >.6: :;: 076 >.2= 70.8

:;0= >.;6 U;.>>Q :=8 0:> :.>> 0:; 0;0 >.70 72.6

:;>= >.6? U?.76Q :;2 0>6 :.>6 078 0;; >.76 77.;

:7?8 :.:7 U:>.8Q 0>2 0>6 :.:6 8>= 0?: >.;8 7;.=

:770 :.8= U::.?Q 088 0>6 :.06 8=6 0?? >.;; 77.;

:7=0 :.=? U:8.:Q 02= 0>6 :.8? 8?7 06= >.?> 72.6

:70: :.70 U:=.8Q 0;2 0>6 :.=? =02 8>: >.?0 7=.;

:7>: :.;2 U:2.2Q 068 0>6 :.2? =7: 8>6 >.?8 78.;

:2?> :.?2 U:7.=Q 8:> 0>? :.;> 2>6 8:2 >.?= 7>.?

:=;> 0.0; U0>.:Q 8=6 0>? 0.>; 788 826 >.?; 22.:

:87; 0.22 U00.2Q 872 0>; 0.=8 ;2> =>? >.?? =?.7

:07? 0.76 U08.?Q 82; 0>; 0.;0 ?86 =22 >.?? =0.7

::76 0.;7 U0=.=Q 88? 0>; 0.67 6:: =6; >.?? 8;.:

:>;> 0.;? U0=.7Q 8:: 0>; 8.:7 6;> 287 >.?? 80.:

6;0 0.;7 U0=.=Q 0?: 0>7 8.80 :>:2 276 >.?; 0;.;

?;= 0.;: U0=.>Q 0=? 0>7 8.=2 :>20 26? >.?; 08.7

;;7 0.78 U08.8Q 0:= 0>7 8.27 :>?0 700 >.?; :6.?

7?> 0.22 U00.7Q :?0 0>7 8.78 ::>2 7=> >.?; :7.=

2?0 0.=; U0:.6Q :2: 0>7 8.;: ::02 72; >.?7 :8.=

=?2 0.8? U0:.>Q :0: 0>7 8.;; ::=8 7;0 >.?7 :>.7

8?; 0.0; U0>.:Q 60.: 0>7 8.?0 ::22 7?0 >.?7 ;.6;

0?6 0.:? U:6.8Q 72.6 0>7 8.?= ::78 76> >.?7 2.77

:60 0.>? U:?.=Q =:.? 0>7 8.?; ::76 76= >.?7 8.2?

62 0.>7 U:?.0Q 0>.2 0>7 8.?? ::;2 ;>> >.?7 :.;=

> :.68 U:;.:Q >.>> 0>7 8.?6 ::;; 766 >.?7 >.>>





00. D`sbrvb tob rbhdrmbm mjtj. Mdbs tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr cflbhurrblt flhrbjsb js tob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y tob adtdr flhrbjsbs4

Vbs Ld

Vbs

08. ^cdt j krjpo dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr tdrqub js j gulhtfdl dg tobadtdr spbbm usflk tob rbsucts ydu fapdrtbm grda tob Mjtj ]j`cb.

]ob rbsuctflk krjpos jrb sodwl `bcdw.

[obl tob adtdr tdrqub fs bxprbssbm fl L»a9

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr tdrqub (bxprbssbm fl L»a) js j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdr spbbm .

>.>

>.2

:.>

:.2

0.>

0.2

8.>

8.2

> 0>> =>> 7>> ?>> :>>> :0>> :=>> :7>> :?>> 0>>>

Adtdr spbbm (r/afl)

A d t d r t d r q u b

( L » a )

Ldafljc adtdr spbbm:7?2 r/afl

Ldafljc adtdr tdrqub:.:= L»a

Adtdr ̀ rbjemdwl tdrqub0.;? L»a

Cdhebm-rdtdr tdrqub:.6 L»a




© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> 2;

[obl tob adtdr tdrqub fs bxprbssbm fl c`g»fl9

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr tdrqub (bxprbssbm fl c`g»fl) js j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdr spbbm .

Flmfhjtb dl tob krjpo tob ldafljc adtdr spbbm jlm ldafljc adtdr tdrqub rbhdrmbm fl stbp :0. Jcsd, usflk tob krjpo, bstfajtb tob vjcub dg tob adtdr`rbjemdwl tdrqub . jlm cdhebm-rdtdr tdrqub , jlm flmfhjtb `dtotdrqub vjcubs dl tob krjpo. Pbhdrm tob bstfajtbm vjcub dg tob adtdr

`rbjemdwl tdrqub . jlm cdhebm-rdtdr tdrqub `bcdw.

Adtdr `rbjemdwl tdrqub L»a (c`g»fl)

Adtdr cdhebm-rdtdr tdrqub L»a (c`g»fl)

Adtdr `rbjemdwl tdrqub 0.;? L»a (0=.7 c`g»fl)

Adtdr cdhebm-rdtdr tdrqub :.6> L»a (:;.: c`g»fl)

D`sbrvb tob krjpo ydu iust pcdttbm. Mbshrf`b odw tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdladtdr spbbm vjrfbs js tob adtdr tdrqub flhrbjsbs.

]ob spbbm dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr mbhrbjsbs adrb jlm adrbrjpfmcy js tob adtdr tdrqub flhrbjsbs ultfc tob adtdr tdrqub rbjhobs tob`rbjemdwl tdrqub rbkfdl. Jt tofs pdflt, tob adtdr tdrqub stdps flhrbjsflk jlm`bkfls mbhrbjsflk. Jgtbr tob `rbjemdwl tdrqub rbkfdl, tob adtdr spbbm mbhrbjsbs rjpfmcy js tob adtdr tdrqub mbhrbjsbs.

>

2

:>

:2

0>

02

8>

82

> 0>> =>> 7>> ?>> :>>> :0>> :=>> :7>> :?>> 0>>>

Adtdr spbbm (r/afl)

A d t d r t d r q u b

( c ` g » f l )

Ldafljc adtdr spbbm:7?2 r/afl

Ldafljc adtdr tdrqub:>.: c`g»fl

Adtdr ̀ rbjemdwl tdrqub0=.7 c`g»fl

Cdhebm-rdtdr tdrqub:;.: c`g»fl




2? © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>

0=. ^cdt j krjpo dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr jhtfvb pdwbr jlm rbjhtfvbpdwbr js j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr usflk tob rbsuctsydu fapdrtbm grda tob Mjtj ]j`cb. Md ldt pcdt dl tob krjpo tob pdfltsrbhdrmbm js tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr mbhrbjsbs jgtbr ojvflk rbjhobmfts ajxfajc vjcub.

]ob rbsuctflk krjpo fs sodwl `bcdw.

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr jhtfvb pdwbr jlm rbjhtfvb pdwbr js j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdrabhojlfhjc pdwbr .

02. Mdbs tob krjpo ydu pcdttbm fl tob prbvfdus stbp hdlgfra tojt tob torbb-pojsbflmuhtfdl adtdr mrjws j gjfrcy hdlstjlt jadult dg rbjhtfvb pdwbr grda tob

torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb murflk adst dg tob rbjhtfvb pdwbr-vbrsus-abhojlfhjc pdwbr hurvb4

Vbs Ld

Vbs

D`sbrvb tob krjpo ydu pcdttbm fl tob prbvfdus stbp. @rfbgcy bxpcjfl woy ft fsldt rbhdaablmbm td usb j torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr fl jppcfhjtfdlsrbqufrflk tob adtdr td wdre jt cbss tojl fts ldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr.

Js tob krjpo dg tob adtdr jhtfvb pdwbr jlm rbjhtfvb pdwbr js j gulhtfdl

dg tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr sodws, tob jadult dg rbjhtfvb pdwbrrbqufrbm `y tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr mdbs ldt vjry auho wfto tobadtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr gdr adst dg tob adtdr rbjhtfvb pdwbr-vbrsus-abhojlfhjc pdwbr hurvb. ]ous, bvbl wobl tob adtdr fs dpbrjtflk ulmbr ftsldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr, ft mrjws vfrtujccy tob sjab jadult dg rbjhtfvbpdwbr. ]ofs rbmuhbs tob adtdr bggfhfblhy (mub td cjrkb hdppbr cdssbs) jlmflhrbjsbs tob sfzb jlm hdst dg tob bqufpablt lbbmbm td suppcy pdwbr td tobadtdr.

>

:>>

0>>

8>>

=>>

2>>

7>>

;>>

?>>

> 02 2> ;2 :>> :02 :2> :;2 0>> 002 02> 0;2 8>> 802 82> 8;2 =>>


A

d t d r j h t f v b p d w b r ( [

)

A d t d r r b j h t f v b p d w b r ( v

j r )

Adtdr rbjhtfvb pdwbr

Adtdr jhtfvb pdwbr





07. Fs tob jadult dg adtdr rbjhtfvb pdwbr ofkobr tojl tob jadult dg adtdrjhtfvb pdwbr wobl tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr dpbrjtbs wftodut cdjm4

Vbs Ld

Vbs

[ojt mdbs tofs flmfhjtb j`dut torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdrs dpbrjtflkwftodut cdjm4

]ofs flmfhjtbs tojt j torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr dpbrjtflk wftodut cdjm fssfafcjr td jl flmuhtfvb cdjm (f.b., ft j`sdr`s rbjhtfvb pdwbr jlm mrjws vbrycfttcb jhtfvb pdwbr).

0;. ^cdt j krjpo dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr pdwbr gjhtdr js j gulhtfdldg tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr usflk tob rbsucts fapdrtbm grda tob Mjtj]j`cb. Md ldt pcdt dl tob krjpo tob pdflts rbhdrmbm js tob adtdr abhojlfhjcpdwbr mbhrbjsbs jgtbr ojvflk rbjhobm fts ajxfajc vjcub.


]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr pdwbr gjhtdr js j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdr abhojlfhjcpdwbr .

^cdt j krjpo dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr cflb hurrblt js j gulhtfdldg tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr usflk tob rbsucts ydu fapdrtbm grda tobMjtj ]j`cb. Md ldt pcdt dl tob krjpo tob pdflts rbhdrmbm js tob adtdrabhojlfhjc pdwbr mbhrbjsbs jgtbr ojvflk rbjhobm fts ajxfajc vjcub.

>.>

>.:

>.0

>.8

>.=

>.2

>.7

>.;

>.?

>.6

:.>

> 02 2> ;2 :>> :02 :2> :;2 0>> 002 02> 0;2 8>> 802 82> 8;2 =>>


A d t d r p d w b r g j h t d r




7> © Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:>


]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr cflb hurrblt js j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdr abhojlfhjcpdwbr .

D`sbrvb tob krjpos ydu iust pcdttbm. Mbshrf`b odw tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdladtdr pdwbr gjhtdr jlm cflb hurrblt vjry js tob adtdr abhojlfhjcpdwbr flhrbjsbs.

@dto tob pdwbr gjhtdr jlm tob cflb hurrblt dg tob torbb-pojsbflmuhtfdl adtdr flhrbjsb wfto tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr . ]ob adtdrpdwbr gjhtdr stjrts jt j cdw vjcub, flhrbjsbs su`stjltfjccy, tobl `bkfls tdstj`fcfzb jt jrdulm tob adtdr ldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr, jctoduko fthdltflubs td flhrbjsb jt j cdwbr rjtb js tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbrhdltflubs td flhrbjsb. Dl tob dtobr ojlm, tob adtdr cflb hurrblt stjrts jtj rbcjtfvbcy ofko vjcub, flhrbjsbs j cfttcb ultfc tob adtdr ldafljc abhojlfhjcpdwbr fs rbjhobm, tobl flhrbjsbs adrb jlm adrb rjpfmcy js tob adtdrabhojlfhjc pdwbr hdltflubs td flhrbjsb.

0?. ^cdt j krjpo dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr bggfhfblhy js j gulhtfdl dg

tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr usflk tob rbsucts fl tob sprbjmsobbtjppcfhjtfdl.

>.>>

>.02

>.2>

>.;2

:.>>

:.02

:.2>

:.;2

0.>>

0.02

0.2>

0.;2

> 02 2> ;2 :>> :02 :2> :;2 0>> 002 02> 0;2 8>> 802 82> 8;2 =>>


A d t d r c f l b h u r r b l t ( J

)




© Gbstd Mfmjhtfh ?787=-:> 7:


]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr bggfhfblhy js j gulhtfdl dg tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr .

D`sbrvb tob krjpo ydu iust pcdttbm. Mbshrf`b odw tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdladtdr bggfhfblhy vjrfbs js tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr flhrbjsbs.

]ob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr bggfhfblhy flhrbjsbs rjpfmcy wfto tob adtdrabhojlfhjc pdwbr , ultfc tob adtdr abhojlfhjc pdwbr rbjhobs tobadtdr ldafljc pdwbr. Jt tofs pdflt, tob adtdr bggfhfblhy stj`fcfzbs tobl

`bkfls td mbhrbjsb.

]orbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl

Fl tofs sbhtfdl, ydu wfcc fltbrhojlkb tob hdllbhtfdls jt twd tbrafljcs dg tob torbb- pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr. Vdu wfcc tobl stjrt tob adtdr jlm mbtbraflb fts mfrbhtfdl dgrdtjtfdl. Vdu wfcc hdapjrb tob rbsuct wfto tob adtdr mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl ydurbhdrmbm bjrcfbr fl tofs bxbrhfsb.

06. Dl tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr, fltbrhojlkb jly twd dg tob torbb cbjmshdllbhtbm td tob stjtdr wflmflks.

Dl tob ^dwbr Xuppcy, turl tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb dl.

>

:>

0>

8>

=>

2>

7>

;>

?>

6>

:>>

> 02 2> ;2 :>> :02 :2> :;2 0>> 002 02> 0;2 8>> 802 82> 8;2 =>>


A d t d r b g g f h f b l h y

( % )



Bx. 0-: ‘ ]ob ]orbb-^ojsb Xqufrrbc-Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr Hdlhcusfdl


8>. Pbhdrm tob mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl dg tob torbb-pojsb flmuhtfdl adtdr.

Adtdr mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl9

Adtdr mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl9 hdultbrhcdhewfsb

Dl tob ^dwbr Xuppcy, turl tob torbb-pojsb jh pdwbr sdurhb dgg.

Fs tob adtdr mfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl ydu iust rbhdrmbm dppdsftb td tob adtdrmfrbhtfdl dg rdtjtfdl ydu rbhdrmbm fl stbp :>4

Vbs Ld

Vbs

8:. Hcdsb CWMJH-BAX, tobl turl dgg jcc tob bqufpablt. Mfshdllbht jcc cbjms jlm

rbturl toba td tobfr stdrjkb cdhjtfdl.

Fl tofs bxbrhfsb, ydu gjafcfjrfzbm ydursbcg wfto tob dpbrjtfdl jlm tob ajflhojrjhtbrfstfhs dg torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs. Vdu cbjrlbm wojtadtdr bggfhfblhy jlm ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs jrb. Vdu jcsd cbjrlbm tobrbcjtfdlsofps `btwbbl tob mfggbrblt pjrjabtbrs rbcjtbm td tob dpbrjtfdl dg torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrs, suho js tob adtdr spbbm, tdrqub,abhojlfhjc pdwbr, jhtfvb pdwbr, rbjhtfvb pdwbr, pdwbr gjhtdr, jlm bggfhfblhy.

:. Mbshrf`b wojt tob scfp dg j torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr fs jlmodw ft vjrfbs js tob cdjm tdrqub jppcfbm td tob adtdr flhrbjsbs.

]ob scfp dg j torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr hdrrbspdlms td tobmfggbrblhb `btwbbl tob spbbm dg tob adtdr rdtjtflk ajklbtfh gfbcm jlm tobspbbm dg tob rdtdr. ]ob scfp dg j adtdr fs mfrbhtcy prdpdrtfdljc td tob cdjmtdrqub jppcfbm td tob adtdr (f.b., tob scfp flhrbjsbs wfto tob cdjm tdrqub).

0. Bxpcjfl wojt tob sylhordldus spbbm dg j adtdr fs. [ofho twd pjrjabtbrsmbtbraflb tob sylhordldus spbbm dg j adtdr4

J adtdr sylhordldus spbbm hdrrbspdlms td tob spbbm dg tob rdtjtflkajklbtfh gfbcm prdmuhbm fl tob adtdr. ]ob sylhordldus spbbm dg j adtdr fs

mbtbraflbm `y tob lua`br dg ajklbtfh pdcbs fl tob adtdr jlm tob grbqublhydg tob jh pdwbr sdurhb td wofho tob adtdr fs hdllbhtbm.

HDLHCRXFDL

PBWFB[ Z RBX]FDLX



Bx. 0-: ‘ ]ob ]orbb-^ojsb Xqufrrbc-Hjkb Flmuhtfdl Adtdr Pbvfbw Zubstfdls


8. Mbshrf`b wojt ojppbls td tob spbbm dg j torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdladtdr js tob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y tob adtdr flhrbjsbs.

Js tob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y j torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdrflhrbjsbs, tob adtdr spbbm mbhrbjsbs scfkotcy. Jgtbr tob tdrqub prdmuhbm `ytob adtdr rbjhobs tob `rbjemdwl tdrqub rbkfdl, `dto tob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y

tob adtdr jlm tob adtdr spbbm `bkfl td mbhrbjsb rjpfmcy. [obl tob adtdrspbbm rbjhobs j`dut > r/afl, tob tdrqub prdmuhbm `y tob adtdr stj`fcfzbs jtj pdflt hjccbm tob cdhebm-rdtdr tdrqub.

=. [ojt fs tob ajfl jmvjltjkb dg ofko-bggfhfblhy adtdrs4

Ofko bggfhfblhy adtdrs hdlsuab cbss bcbhtrfhjc pdwbr td prdmuhb tob sjababhojlfhjc pdwbr js ldrajc-bggfhfblhy adtdrs, wofho rbmuhbs tob adtdrblbrky hdlsuaptfdl jlm dpbrjtflk hdsts.

2. @rfbgcy mbshrf̀ b odw tob vfrtujccy hdlstjlt rbjhtfvb pdwbr rbqufrbablt dg jtorbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr jggbhts tob adtdr pdwbr gjhtdr jlmbggfhfblhy4

]ob vfrtujccy hdlstjlt rbjhtfvb pdwbr rbqufrbablt dg j torbb-pojsb squfrrbc-hjkb flmuhtfdl adtdr hjusbs tob adtdr pdwbr gjhtdr td rjpfmcy mbhrbjsbwobl tob adtdr wdres ulmbr fts ldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr. Ft jcsd hjusbstob adtdr cflb hurrblt td rbajfl hcdsb td tob ldafljc vjcub bvbl wobl tobadtdr fs dpbrjtflk ulmbr fts ldafljc abhojlfhjc pdwbr, wofho rbsucts fl ofkoblbrky cdssbs fl tob adtdr jlm, hdlsbqubltcy, rbmuhbm adtdr bggfhfblhy.



@f`cfdkrjpoy

@dycbstjm, Pd`brt C., Fltrdmuhtdry Hfrhuft Jljcysfs, ::to Bmftfdl, Rppbr Xjmmcb

Pfvbr9 ̂ rbltfhb Ojcc, 0>>7, FX@L 6;?->:8:;8>==:.

[fcmf, ]obdmdrb, Bcbhtrfhjc Ajhoflbs, Mrfvbs, jlm ^dwbr Xystbas, 7to Bmftfdl,

Rppbr Xjmmcb Pfvbr9 ^rbltfhb Ojcc, 0>>2, FX@L 6;?->:8:;;76:8.

exercise: three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor / three-phase rotating machines

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