exp_2 bubble cap distillation column

8/18/2019 Exp_2 Bubble Cap Distillation Column

1/13

Mass Transfer I CLB 20804

Experiment 2

BUBBLE CAP DISTILLATION PROCESS

1.0 OBJECTIVES

• To operate vapor – liquid separation process usin a Pac!ed Colu"n Distillation

Unit#

• To anal$%e t&e e''ect o' re'lu( ratio on separation o' et&anol)*ater s$ste"#

• To deter"ine t&e nu"+er o' staes +$ usin ,cCa+e T&iele "et&od

2.0 OVERVIEW

Distillation is a separation "et&od in *&ic& "i(ture co"ponents in a liquid "i(ture are

separated +ased on t&eir relative volatilities# T&e distillation colu"n provides an environ"ent

*&ere t&e liquid and vapour p&ases can approac& equili+riu" *it&in a colu"n# In t&e pac!ed

colu"n t&ere is &i& sur'ace area 'or contact +et*een t&e vapor and liquid- *&ereas t&e plate

colu"n provides distinct staes at *&ic& equili+riu" can +e approac&ed# Separation is ac&ieved

+$ condensed vapor 'lo*in as a liquid do*n t&e colu"n t&eoreticall$ ac&ievin equili+riu" *it&

t&e vapor 'lo*in up t&e colu"n# T&e distri+ution o' co"ponents di''ers in eac& p&ase and results

in t&e separation# In t&e case o' a +inar$ "i(ture in +atc& distillation under total re'lu(- t&e vapor

condensin at t&e top o' t&e distillation colu"n *ill +e ric& in one o' t&e co"ponents# Liquid

leavin t&e re+oiler at t&e +ase o' t&e colu"n ric& in t&e ot&er co"ponent# As t&e s$ste" reac&es

equili+riu" t&e separation process reac&es stead$ state 'or t&at apparatus and set o' operatin

conditions# T&is e(peri"ent is desined to stud$ t&e distillation o' a +inar$ "i(ture o' Et&anol

.ater in a tra$ distillation colu"n# /iure 0 is a s!etc& o' a tra$ *it& +u++le cap and /iure 1

s&o*s t&e sc&e"atic diara" o' t&e apparatus in t&is e(peri"ent#

NA/Exp1/SEPT 20140


2/13


/iure 02 Bu++le cap tra$

/iure 1 s&o*s t&e sc&e"atic diara" o' t&e apparatus in t&is e(peri"ent#

NA/Exp1/SEPT 20141


3/13


4/13


• Re'racto"eter

PART A+ C$%i,r$ti-n #*re -/ Et"$n-%W$ter mixt*re&

0# O+tain 10 test tu+es9 la+el t&e test tu+es *it& A0 until A10# Total volu"e in eac& test

tu+e is 14 "l#

1# Prepare t&e "i(ture o' et&anol and deioni%ed *ater to eac& test tu+e accordin to

volu"e indicate +$ Ta+le 0#

8# Note t&at- Stir t&e "i(ture o' solution 3A0 until A105 *it& lass rod#

:# O+tain t&e re'ractive inde( readin 'or solution in eac& tu+e usin re'racto"eter#

6# Record t&e re'ractive inde( readin 'or eac& tu+e tests usin Ta+le 0#

Ta+le 02 T&e volu"e o' c&e"ical needed in eac& test tu+e

Te&t t*,e V-%*me -/

Et"$n-%m%

V-%*me -/ ei-ni4e'

W$term%

Re/r$#tie

In'exRI

A0 4 14A1 0 0;

A8 1 0<

A: 8 0=

A6 : 0>

A> 6 06

NA/Exp1/SEPT 2014:


5/13


A= > 0:

A< = 08

A; < 01

A04 ; 00

A00 04 04

A01 00 ;

A08 01 <

A0: 08 =

A06 0: >

A0> 06 6

A0= 0> :

A0< 0= 8

A0; 0< 1

A14 0; 0

A10 14 4

PART B+ Oper$te $p-r %i)*i' &ep$r$ti-n pr-#e&& *&in5 $ P$#6e' C-%*mn i&ti%%$ti-n !nit

*n'er re/%*x r$ti-.

C&e"icals required2

• Et&anol industrial rade#

• Deioni%ed).ater#

Ancillar$ equip"ents required2• Dropper

• Bea!ers 364 "l5

• Tissue

• Re'racto"eter

8#1 7ener$% &t$rt*p pr-#e'*re&.

NA/Exp1/SEPT 20146


6/13


0# Prepare 30 %itre& "i(ture o' et&anol)deioni%ed *ater +$ addin 10 8 -/ et"$n-%

'ro" total volu"e o' t&e "i(ture#

1# Ensure valves V39 V: $n' V; are closed#

8# Ensure valves V29 V


7/13


:# Collect sa"ples 'or +otto" product 'ro" valve V; and t&e over&ead product 'ro"

valve V: 'or ever$ 6 "inutes#

6# O+serve t&e te"perature o' t&e re+oiler T0:#I' t&e te"perature is alread$ ;4OC-

reduce t&e current o' t&e re+oiler to +et*een 14A#

># Concentration o' t&e sa"ples dra*n is "easure usin t&e re'ractive inde( "et&od

=# Repeat &tep 2= -'or re'lu( ratio o' 0#6 and 1#4

8#8 7ener$% &"*t @ '-n pr-#e'*re&.

0# Ad?ust &eater controller C#: to "ini"u" settin#

1# S*itc& o'' electrical suppl$ 3red &eater o'' +utton5#

8# Turn o'' t&e po*er s*itc& o' t&e re+oiler#

:# Turn o'' t&e ,ain po*er control s*itc

6# Do not drain t&e &ot liquid 'ro" t&e Re+oiler# I' necessar$- t&e liquid *it&in t&e

s$ste" could +e drained onl$ *&en t&e liquid is alread$ cooled#

># Allo* t&e coolin *ater to run 'or so"e ti"e#

;.0 ANALSIS AN ISC!SSION

Discuss all your results. The questions below only serve as a guideline. Your discussion

should not only limit to these questions.

0# ,a!e a #$%i,r$ti-n 5r$p" +ased on $our data o+tained 'ro" Experiment A +$

plottin Re'ractive inde( 3RI5 on t&e $)a(is aainst "ole 'raction o' et&anol on t&e ()

a(is#

1# Deter"ine t&e "ole 'raction o' et&anol 'or t&e top and +otto" product 'or eac& re'lu(

+$ re'er to cali+ration rap

8# Calculate t&e co"plete overall and co"ponent "ass +alance o' t&e process#

NA/Exp1/SEPT 2014=


8/13


:# Deter"ine t&e nu"+er o' staes t&at occur in t&e processes 'or eac& re'lu( +$

construct t&e rap& ,cCa+e T&iele ,et&od# Equili+riu" data 'or et&anol)*ater

s$ste" is iven in Appendi( A#

6# Discuss t&e results o+tained and e''ect o' re'lu( ratio 'or et&anol)*ater "i(ture

separation

># Discuss an$ possi+le errors in t&e e(peri"ent and state an$ reco""endation to

i"prove t&e process#

;.0 RE?ERENCES

0# Tre$+al- R#E#- Mass Transfer Operations, 3rd ed., ,c)7ra*)ill- 0;


9/13


Ti"e- t

3"in5

TOP PRODUCT BOTTO, PRODUCT

Re'ractive inde(

3RI5

,ole 'raction Re'ractive inde(

3RI5

,ole 'raction

4

6

04

06

14

16

84

Re/%*x r$ti- 1.;

Rota"eter readin R0 3L@&r5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK


Te"perature T: 3oC5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Te"perature T1 3oC5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Ti"e- t

3"in5


Re'ractive inde(

3RI5


3RI5

,ole 'raction

4

6

04

0614

16

84

Re/%*x r$ti- 2.0



Te"perature T: 3oC5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Te"perature T1 3oC5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Ti"e- t

3"in5


Re'ractive inde(

3RI5


3RI5

,ole 'raction

NA/Exp1/SEPT 2014;


10/13


4

6

04

06

14

1684

APPENIX B

E)*i%i,ri*m $t$ /-r Et"$n-%W$ter Mixt*re&

M-%e /r$#ti-n -/ et"$n-% in %i)*i'9 x M-%e /r$#ti-n -/ et"$n-% in $p-r9 (

4#44 4#44

4#46 4#8<

NA/Exp1/SEPT 201404


11/13


4#04 4#68

4#:4 4#=6

4#>4 4#=;

4# 4#;>

4#;< 4#;;

STEP B STEP TO CONSTR!CT 7RAP MCCABE TIELE METO

1. Dra* t&e equili+riu" curve +ased on data iven in Appendi( B- +$ plottin "ole 'raction

o' et&anol in vapor on t&e $)a(is aainst "ole 'raction o' et&anol in liquid on t&e ()a(is#

1# Dra* t&e :6)deree line3 $ J(58# Indicate distillate 3(D5- +otto" 3(B5 and 'eed 3(/5 co"position on t&e rap& +ased on

data o+tained 'ro" e(peri"ent#3re'er to appendi( A5#

:# Dra* t&e 'eed line 3q line5# /or saturated liquid- t&is is a vertical line runnin 'ro" t&e

'eed co"position 3(/5 t&rou& t&e equili+riu" curve#

NA/Exp1/SEPT 201400


12/13


6# /or a speci'ied re'lu( ratio- r- dra* t&e recti'$in line 3ROL5# T&is recti'$in line +eins

at t&e point (D on t&e :6)deree line and &as intercept on $)a(is#

ROL equation2

># Dra* t&e strippin line 3SOL5 +$ connectin t&e intersection o' t&e 'eed line and t&e

recti'$in line and t&e point (B on t&e :6)deree line#

=# Beinnin at t&e point (D on t&e recti'$in line- dra* a &ori%ontal line to t&e equili+riu"

curve and t&en a vertical line to t&e operatin 3recti'$in or strippin5 line#


13/13


NA/Exp1/SEPT 201408

exp_2 bubble cap distillation column

Documents