Experimental investigation on flexural

properties of glulam Timber reinforced by

bamboo strips

Muammar Khadafi, Buan Anshari, Jauhar Fajrin

Nama Jurnal : International Journal of Civil Enginering and Technology

Volume Jurnal : 9

Nomor Jurnal (Opsional) : 5

Halaman : 69-76

ISSN : Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

Penerbit : IAEME Publication

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=IJCIET&VType=9&Itype=5

Terindex oleh : Scopus (Saat terbit, 2018/Scopus coverage: 2016-2019), SJR

Quartile : Q3 (saat publikasi); Q2 (sekarang)

SJR/CiteScore (2019) : 0.29/1.4 (2017)

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 69 editor@iaeme.com

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 69–76, Article ID: IJCIET_09_05_009

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=5

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON

FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF GLULAM

TIMBER BEAM REINFORCED BY BAMBOO

STRIPS

M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin

Master of Civil Engineering, Post Graduate Study,

University of Mataram, NTB, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Usage of timber and bamboo as building materials were very promising for now

and future. As renewable resources, they have high mechanical properties,

lightweight, environmentally friendly and economic. Utilization of bamboo as material

to reinforced glued laminated (glulam) timber was rarely published. Therefore, this

study focused on strengthening the flexural capacity of glulam timber beam in term of

stiffness, strength, and load carrying capacity. This research was conducted in the

laboratory to examine the flexural strength of the beam by attaching bamboo strip at

tension side or bottom fiber of the beam. The results showed that there was significant

increase in term of flexural properties of the beam by strengthening tension side with

bamboo strip reinforced compare with the beam without reinforcement. The highest

improvement at 20% in the laboratory test occurred on BLM02 specimens of 25%

compared with without reinforcement.

Keywords: bamboo strip, flexural properties, glulam and reinforcement.

Cite this Article: M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin, Experimental Investigation on

Flexural Properties of Glulam Timber Beam Reinforced by Bamboo Strips,

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp. 69–76.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=5

1. INTRODUCTION

Wood is a renewable resource, sustainable material and can be recycled with high mechanical

strength, light weight, environmentally friendly, and economical. Limitations of the size of

the structural wood need to be overcome with the development of laminate wood technology

Lamination technology is an alternative way of wood processing that is relevant to achieve

the expected goal, because it can produce dimensions of either length, width, or thickness that

is in accordance with what we need.

M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 70 editor@iaeme.com

The laminated wood commonly called glulam, according to ASTM D3737 in Moody and

Hernandez (1997)[1] is a material bonded from selected lumber of wood (lamina) at specific

temperatures and pressures in a straight or curved form, in which the fiber direction is parallel

to the longitudinal axis of the stem. The process of designing laminated wood is influenced by

several factors such as the level of designer's skill, the factor of wood used and its

combination, the adhesive and the adhesive process and the process of clamping.

Many attempts have been made to reinforce wood or Glulam timber beam by using carbon

fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) Nikolaos and Thanasis (1992), glass fiber reinforced plastic

(GFRP), Gentile, et al. (2002), Fiorelli and Dias (2003), aramid fiber reinforced, steel, Issa

and Kmeid(2005) etc.[2,3,4,5]. A new approach to reinforced glulam beams by using

compressed wood have been studied by Anshari, et.al (2010a, 2010b), Anshari, et

al(2012,2014,2015), Anshari, et al(2017)[6,7,8,9,10,11]. The result showed that the

reinforcement could enhance bending capacity of the glulam beams in term of initial stiffness,

and load carrying capacity.

One of alternative natural material could be used to reinforced glulam beam is bamboo.

Bamboo is a renewable material and saving natural resources with the potential of sustainable

building construction materials. There are about 1250 species of bamboo around the world

and about 500 species in China. Li, Shen et al. (2012),[12]. Several studies about bamboo

have been conducted i.e. Liu, D., et al(2012)[13] examined Bamboo fiber and its reinforced

composites, Wei, et al (2017)[14] studied flexural performance of bamboo scrimber beams

strengthened with FRP, Zhong, Y.,et al (2017)[15] also studied Bending properties evaluation

of newly designed reinforced bamboo scrimber composite beams. Anshari, et al,(2017)[16]

studied about utilization bamboo dowel as fastener in bamboo connection. The result show

that there was an improvement about 41% with thickness of adhesive 2 mm compared with

without adhesive.

The aim of study is to investigate the reinforcement of glulam timber beams by using

variation of placement of bamboo strips at bottom extreme fiber to obtain the optimum

flexural strength of the glulam beams.

2. MATERIALS & EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

2.1. Materials and equipment

The materials mainly consist of Bajur Wood, Petung Bamboo and Melamin Formaldehyde as

waterproof adhesive. The equipment were used in this study, for instance; drying oven,

universal testing machine, caliper, digital weigh, tensile testing machine, hydraulic jack, etc.

2.2. Methods

This experimental study conducted to examine flexural strength of glued laminated beam.

There were 25 specimen in total by four variation of bamboo reinforced location for each

beam. The testing method have been used in this study were two pont loading or four point

bending moment. The testing procedure based on SNI 03-3972-1995.

2.2.1. Specimen

The beam specimens consist of three layer lamina and two strips of bamboo with specific

thickness. The comparison volume between wood and bamboo are 91.15% and 4.85%. The

recapitulation of detail specimen can be seen in Table 1.

Experimental Investigation on Flexural Properties of Glulam Timber Beam Reinforced by Bamboo

Strips

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 71 editor@iaeme.com

Table 1 Summary of reinforcement glulam beam variation

Specimen code Amount of

layer

Size (mm) Amount of

specimen L

(length

B

(width)

d

(depth)

BLM01 3 1600 55 75 5

BLM02 3 1600 55 75 5

BLM03 3 1600 55 75 5

BLM04 3 1600 55 75 5

BLM05 3 1600 55 75 5

The variation of reinforcement by bamboo strip on the tension side of Glulam beam and

the beam without reinforcement as control specimen can be illustrated in Figure 1(a)-(e)

below.

Figure 1 Geometric of glulam beam with variation bamboo reinforcement

2.2.2. Beam testing

Preparation of laminate beam test specimen refers to Structural Strength Test Method of

Structural Wood Based on the provisions of SNI 03-3972-1995. The size of the specimen

with the total length of Ltot = 6h + 1m + 2h (cm), the span length between the support is L =

18h (cm) i.e. the length of the laminated beam 160 cm as shown in Figure 2.

(a) Setting up of bending test

M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 72 editor@iaeme.com

(b) Dimension of glulam beam specimen

Figure 2 Setting up of testing and beam geometry

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Flexural strength test in this research is conducted by two point load method. The laminated

wooden beam uses 1600 mm long dimensions, 55 mm wide and 75 mm high with a thickness

of each layer is 25 mm. This research uses 4 types of reinforcement variation. As the control

variable used laminate wooden beam without reinforcement.

3.1. Glulam beam without reinforcement (BLM01)

As a controlled specimen, it consists of the three layer of lamina with thickness of 25 mm as

shown in Figure 3. From testing, The BLM01 glulam beam result in the maximum average

load can be carried by 17.3 kN at 18.13 mm deflection, meanwhile, the average bending

strength of 37.73 MPa was obtained.

Figure 3 Glulam beam without reinforcement

3.2. Glulam beam with first reinforcement (BLM02)

The first bamboo reinforcement put on upper side of the lowest layer as shown in Figure 4. In

this variation (BLM02), it was reached the maximum average load carrying capacity of 21.6

kN at 19.3 mm deflection. In other word, the average bending strength can be obtained about

47.15 MPa. In compared with the control (BLM01), it is increase by 25%.

Experimental Investigation on Flexural Properties of Glulam Timber Beam Reinforced by Bamboo

Strips

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 73 editor@iaeme.com

Figure 4 Glulam beam with upper bottom reinforcement

3.3. Glulam beam with bottom reinforcement (BLM03)

The second variation of reinforcement was placement the bamboo strips at bottom extreme

fiber as exposure as shown in Figure 5. In this variation (BLM03), it was reached the

maximum average load carrying capacity of 18.0 kN at 16.8 mm deflection. Otherwise, the

average flexural strength can be achieved about 39.4 MPa. In compared with the control

(BLM01), it is improved by 4.3%.

Figure 5 Glulam beam with extreme bottom fiber reinforcement

3.4. Glulam beam with half upper bottom reinforcement (BLM04)

The third variation of reinforcement was placement the bamboo strips at about one third upper

side of the lowest lamina as shown in Figure 6. In this variation (BLM04), it was reached the

maximum average load carrying capacity of 18.4 kN, at deflection of 16 mm. Otherwise, the

average flexural strength can be obtained about 40.1 MPa. From this results, the value of

flexural strength was close to the previous specimen BLM03. i.e improvement of 4.3%.

M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 74 editor@iaeme.com

Figure 6 Glulam beam with half upper bottom fiber reinforcement (BLM04)

Figure 7 Load against Deflection BLM04 compared with the control specimen

Figure 7 illustrated that the relationship between load and deflection of glulam beam

BLM04 compared with the control specimen. The glulam beam which reinforced with half

upper bottom fiber reinforcement could resist load slightly higher the unreinforced beam. It is

indicated that the failure load of BLM04 beam by 6.4% higher than the control one.

3.5. Glulam beam with outer side of lowest lamina reinforcement (BLM05)

The third variation of reinforcement was placement the bamboo strips at outer depth side of

the lowest lamina as shown in Figure 8. The results of this variation (BLM05) indicated that it

was reached the maximum average load carrying capacity of 17.6 kN, at deflection of 19 mm.

Moreover, the average flexural strength can be obtained about 38.4 MPa. It represents the

weakest reinforced glulam beam in this study.

Figure 8 Glulam beam with outer depth side extreme bottom fiber reinforcement

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

0 5 10 15 20

Lo

ad

( N

)

Deflection (mm)

BLM01 BLM04

Experimental Investigation on Flexural Properties of Glulam Timber Beam Reinforced by Bamboo

Strips

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 75 editor@iaeme.com

Figure 9 Load against Deflection BLM05 compared with the control specimen

Figure 9 described that the relationship between load and deflection of glulam beam

BLM05 compared with the control specimen. The glulam beam which reinforced with outer

side of bottom fiber reinforcement produced lower stiffness compared with the unreinforced

beam. However, in term of failure load occurred at 17.6 kN for beam reinforced by bamboo

strips at outer side which is slightly higher the control one by 17.3 kN. In other words, this

type of reinforcement had no significant improvement compared with unreinforced beam.

Flexural destructive testing of glued laminated beam in the laboratory resulted in a

bending strength increase glulam beams reinforced with bamboo strips. Based on the data of

laminate beam test result of each test specimens BLM01, BLM02, BLM03, BLM04 and

BLM05 of the average strength bending respectively 37.8 MPa, 47.2 MPa, 39.4 MPa, 40.1

MPa and 38.45 MPa as described in Table 2.

Tabel 2 Average flexural strength of each glulam beam variaation

No. Specimen

code

Bending

strength (Mpa)

improvement

(% )

1 BLM01 37.73 0.00

2 BLM02 47.15 24.98

3 BLM03 39.36 4.32

4 BLM04 40.14 6.40

5 BLM05 38.45 1.93

Table 2 shows that the largest bending strength increased occurred in the combination of

laminated wood blocks BLM02 of 9.42 MPa with the ratio of bending strength of 24.98% and

the lowest in the combination of BLM05 laminated wood beam of 0.73 MPa with a ratio of

bending strength increase of 1.93% to the bending strength of specimen control BLM01.

4. CONCLUSION

The results showed that there was an increase in the strength of bending glulam timber beams

reinforced by bamboo strips compared to glulam timber beams without bamboo strips

reinforcement. The highest increase of bending strength in laboratory test occurred on BLM02

specimens of 9,42 MPa or 24,98%, then respectively BLM04 specimens were 2,41 MPa or

6,40%, BLM03 specimens were 1,63 MPa or 4,32 % and the lowest BLM05 specimens of

0.73 MPa or 1.93%.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

0 5 10 15 20 25

Lo

ad

( N

)

DEflection(mm)

BLM01 BLM05

M. Khadafi, B. Anshari and J. Fajrin

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REFERENCES

[1] Moody, RC and Hernandez, Glued Laminated Timber; Engineered wood products-A

guide for specifiers, designers and users. Madison, WI: USDA Forest Service, Forest

Products Laboratory, 1997, pp. 5-6.

[2] Nikoloas, P. and Thanasis., FRP- Reinforced Wood as Structural Material, Journal of

Materials in Civil Engineering, 4(3), 1992, pp.300-317.

[3] Gentile, C.., Dagmar, S. and Sami, H. R. (2002). Timber Beams Strengthened with GFRP

Bars: Development and Applications. Journal of Composites for Construction, 6(1), 2002,

pp.11-20.

[4] Fiorelli, J. and Dias Antonio, A, Analysis of the strength and stiffness of timber beams

reinforced with carbon fiber and glass fiber. Materials Research, 6(2), 2003, pp.193-202.

[5] Issa, C.A. and Kmeid, Z., Advanced wood engineering: glulam beams, Construction and

Building Materials, 19(2), 2005, pp. 99-106.

[6] Anshari, B., Guan, Z., Komatsu, K., Kitamori, A. and Jung, K. (2010). Explore novel

ways to strengthen glulam beams by using compressed Japanese cedar. The 11th World

Conference on Timber Engineering, Italy, June 2010. Pp.558-565

[7] Anshari, B., Guan, Z. and Komatsu, K. (2010). Finite element modeling of the pre-camber

of glulam beams reinforced by compressed wood, the 11th World Conference on Timber

Engineering, Italy, June 2010, pp.1654-1659

[8] Anshari, B., Guan, Z. W., Kitamori, A., Jung, K. and Komatsu, K. (2012). Structural

behaviour of glued laminated timber beams pre-stressed by compressed wood.

Construction and Building Materials, 29(0), 2012, pp. 24-32.

[9] Anshari, B. and Guan, Z. Numerical Modelling of the Initial Stress and Upward

Deflection of Glulam Beams Pre-Stressed by Compressed Wood., Applied Mechanics and

Materials, 493, 2014, pp. 408-413

[10] Anshari, B., Analytical Approach to Predict Pre–Camber Deflection of the Pre-stressed

Glulam Beams, Civil Engineering Dimension, 17(1), 2015, pp. 44-49.

[11] Anshari, B., Guan, Z. W. and Wang, Q. Y. (2017). Modelling of Glulam beams pre-

stressed by compressed wood. Composite Structures 165: 160-170

[12] Anshari, B. and Guan, Z., FE Modelling of Optimization on Strengthening Glulam Timber

Beams by using Compressed Wood Blocks., Procedia Engineering, 171, 2017, pp. 857-

864.

[13] Shen Li. Y., H. Shen, W.Shan,T. Han., Flexural behavior of lightweight bamboo-steel

composite slabs. Thin-Walled Structures 53(0), 2012, pp. 83-90.

[14] Wei, Y., Ji, X., Duan, M. and Li, G. Flexural performance of bamboo scrimber beams

strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer. Construction and Building Materials, 142,

2017,pp. 66-82.

[15] Zhong, Y., Wu, G., Ren, H. and Jiang, Z. (2017). Bending properties evaluation of newly

designed reinforced bamboo scrimber composite beams. Construction and Building

Materials 143: 61-70.

[16] Anshari,B., Sugiartha, W., Mahmud, F., Rofaida, A. and Pathurrahman, Experimental

study on the strength of double shear timber connection using bamboo dowel fastener,

AIP Conference Proceedings 1903, Palembang Indonesia, 020022, 2017.

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M. KHADAFI, B. ANSHARI and J. FAJRIN, 2018. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FLEXURAL PROPERTIES GLULAM TIMBER BEAM REINFORCED BY BAMBOO STRIPS.International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technolo(IJCIET).Volume:9,Issue:5,Pages:69-76.

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CALL FOR PAPER JUNE - JUNE 2020 ISSUE

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

ISSN Print: 0976 - 6308 ISSN Online: 0976 - 6316 Journal ID : 20311 Volumes 84 Issues 6250 Articlesavailable from 2010 to 2020.

Abstracting and indexing:Google ScholarJournal Impact Factor (JIF)CiteSeerxInfoBASE IndexMicrosoft Academic Search SystemAcademia.eduIndex CopernicusarXiv.orgciteulikeScholar SteerResearchGateMendeleyScribdJournalTOCsResearchBibAcademicKeys.comOpen Academic Journals IndexSocial Science Research Network (SSRN)The Electronic Journals LibraryDocSlideOALibSlideShareCitefactorORCID Research ID : 0000-0001-9500-6074Thomson Reuters ResearcherID : H-3771-2015The Directory of Research Journal IndexingChina National Knowledge Infrastructure and Genamics JournalSeekPublicationlist.orgDocstocComputer Science DirectoryJour InformaticsEBSCOEpernicusThe Internet ArchiveJ-GateGaleUniversal Impact Factor (UIF)Advanced Science IndexIndian Citation Index (ICI)National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR)Chemical Abstracts Service

6/27/2020 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology

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International Journal of Civil Engineeringand Technology

discontinued in Scopus as of 2019

Country India  -  SIR Ranking of India 22H Index

Subject Area and Category Computer ScienceComputer Networks and Communications

EngineeringBuilding and ConstructionCivil and Structural EngineeringControl and Systems Engineering

Materials ScienceCeramics and CompositesMetals and Alloys

Publisher IAEME Publication

Publication type Journals

ISSN 09766308, 09766316

Coverage 2016-2019

Scope Information not localized

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Quartiles

The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green)comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the thirdhighest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values.

Category Year QuartileBuilding and Construction 2017 Q3Building and Construction 2018 Q3Building and Construction 2019 Q3Ceramics and Composites 2017 Q3

SJR

The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It isbased on the idea that 'all citations are not createdequal'. SJR is a measure of scienti�c in�uence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scienti�c in�uence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global

Citations per document

This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal. Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past two,three and four years have been cited in the current year.The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Cites per document Year ValueCites / Doc. (4 years) 2016 0.000Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2017 2.760Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2018 0.792Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2019 0.626Cites / Doc. (3 years) 2016 0.000Cites / Doc. (3 years) 2017 2.760Cites / Doc. (3 years) 2018 0.792Cites / Doc. (3 years) 2019 0.626Cites / Doc. (2 years) 2016 0.000Cites / Doc. (2 years) 2017 2.760

Total Cites Self-Cites

Evolution of the total number of citations and journal'sself-citations received by a journal's publisheddocuments during the three previous years.Journal Self-citation is de�ned as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal.

Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2016 0

External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc

Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's publisheddocuments during the three previous years. External

% International Collaboration

International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's

2017 2018 2019

Building and Construction

Ceramics and Composites

Civil and Structural Engineering

Computer Networks and Communications

Control and Systems Engineering

Metals and Alloys

2017 2018 2019

0.24

0.26

0.28

0.3

Cites / Doc. (4 years)Cites / Doc. (3 years)Cites / Doc. (2 years)

2016 2017 2018 2019

0

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3

2016 2017 2018 2019

0

2k

4k

6/27/2020 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology

https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100785495&tip=sid&clean=0 3/19

Waspodo Tjipto 1 month ago

Dear Elena Corera

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), is IAEME Publisher.

International Association Engineering Management Education is incluod in LIST PREDATORY

PUBLISHER

of Jefrrey Bells.

citations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journal’s documents.

documents signed by researchers from more than onecountry; that is including more than one country address.

Year International Collaboration

Citable documents Non-citable documents

Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore "citable", this chart shows theratio of a journal's articles including substantial research(research articles, conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs. those documents other thanresearch articles, reviews and conference papers.

Documents Year ValueN it bl d t 2016 0

Cited documents Uncited documents

Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three yearswindows, that have been cited at least once vs. thosenot cited during the following year.

Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2016 0Uncited documents 2017 45Uncited documents 2018 1146Uncited documents 2019 3008

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W

2

4

7.5

10

2016 2017 2018 2019

0

2.5k

5k

2016 2017 2018 2019

0

2.5k

5k

Author details

Fajrin, JauharAffiliation(s):

Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia

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Subject area:  Engineering Materials Science Chemistry Energy Business, Management and Accounting

Computer Science Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Environmental Science

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Documents by author

10Total citations

17 by 13 documents

h-index:

2❓

Document andcitation trends:

Years

Docum

ents C

itations

Documents

Citations

2011 20200

3

0

5

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JF10 Documents

Jauhar Fajrin ⬈

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Document title Authors Year Source

Characterisation of swellability andcompressive and impact strengthproperties of corn husk fibre composites 

Sari, N.H.,Fajrin, J.,Suteja, Fudholi,A.

2020 Composites Communications

Shear properties evaluation of natural fibrereinforced epoxy composites using V-notchshear test  Open Access

Fajrin, J.,Herlina Sari, N.

2018 MATEC Web of Conferences

10 Documents Cited by 13 documents 11 co-authors Topics

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Document title Authors Year Source

Experimental investigation on flexuralproperties of glulam timber beamreinforced by bamboo strips 

Khadafi, M.,Anshari, B.,Fajrin, J.

2018 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology

Acoustic properties of sound absorber frommodified polyester with filler sodiumbicarbonate  Open Access

Sari, N.H.,Fajrin, J.

2018 Oriental Journal of Chemistry

Effect of core and skin thicknesses ofbamboo sandwich composite on bendingstrength 

Hartoni, H.,Fajrin, J.,Anshari, B.,Catur, A.D.

2017 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

The structural behavior of hybrid structuralinsulated panels under pure bending load  Open Access

Fajrin, J.,Zhuge, Y.,Bullen, F.,Wang, H.

2017 International Journal of Technology

Flexural behaviour of hybrid sandwichpanel with natural fiber composites as theintermediate layer  Open Access

Fajrin, J.,Zhuge, Y.,Bullen, F.,Wang, H.

2016 Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences

Flexural behaviour of a sustainable hybridcomposite panel using natural fibres 

Fajrin, J.,Zhuge, Y.

2015 FRPRCS-12/APFIS-2015 - Joint Conference of the 12th International Symposium onFiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures, FRPRCS 2015 and the5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures, APFIS 2015

Flexural strength of sandwich panel withlignocellulosic composites intermediatelayer-a statistic approach 

Fajrin, J.,Zhuge, Y.,Bullen, F.,Wang, H.

2011 International Journal of Protective Structures

The implementation of statistical inferenceto study the bending strength ofsustainable hybrid sandwich panelcomposite 

Fajrin, J., Yan,Z., Bullen, F.,Hao, W.

2011 Advanced Materials Research

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