expert consultation on socio-economic developments … · 2014-08-12 · • 2008 to 2016...

EXPERT CONSULTATION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES

Almaty, Kazakhstan, 8 December 2015

КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНОЕ СОВЕЩАНИЕ ЭКСПЕРТОВ ПО СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМУ

РАЗВИТИЮ И ПРИОРИТЕТАМ ПРОГРАММЫ

Алматы, Казахстан, 8 декабря 2015 г.

North and Central Asia:Overview and Recent Trends

Tiziana BonapaceHead

Subregional Office for North and Central Asia, ESCAP

North and Central Asia:An Idiosyncratic Setting

• High economic volatility • After 1991 dramatic economic depression and

disintegration, • 2000 up to 2008 sharp rebound• 2008 to 2016 recessionary environment

exacerbated by geopolitics and low oil prices

Recent Trends in Oil Prices

0

20

40

60

80

100

120Average monthly prices (2011 - 2013) Indexed monthly prices

Jun-2014

Notes: Monthly Brent Spot Prices indexed with the average monthly prices between 2011 and 2013

Source: EIA based on Thomson Reuters

ESCAP: Real GDP Growth

South and South-West Asia

South-East AsiaEast and North-East AsiaPacific

North and Central Asia

[% change per annum]

ESCAP: Inflation Rate

South and South-West Asia

South-East Asia

East and North-East AsiaPacific

North and Central Asia

[% change per annum]

NCA: Real GDP Growth

[% change per annum] ArmeniaAzerbaijanGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanRussian FederationTajikistanTurkmenistanUzbekistan

NCA: Inflation Rate

[% change per annum] ArmeniaAzerbaijanGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanRussian FederationTajikistanTurkmenistanUzbekistan


Among the smallest in economic size • The NCA subregion (excluding Russian

Federation) but accounts for only 1% of ESCAP’s regional GDP (see figures below)

ESCAP & NCA: GDP

64%

6%15%

8%

6% 0Armenia

3%

Azerbaijan16%

Georgia5%

Kyrgyzstan2%

Kazakhstan45%

Tajikistan2%

Turkmenistan15%

Uzbekistan13%

1%

East and North-East AsiaPacificSouth and South-West AsiaSouth-East AsiaRussian FederationNorth and Central Asia except Russian Federation


Landlocked countries with high geo-economic potential, but beset by geo-political destabilization• At the crossroads of a vast Eurasian landmass

that links the largest trading areas of the world,• Attracted the interest of every large country

(each with a specific national agenda). • Geographically contiguous to the most conflict

ridden and unstable area of the world

SONCA Geographical Coverage

Member StatesArmenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan


Economies in transition• High variance in economic performance among

countries• Those that were laggard at independence

remained so, and those that were faster growing grew faster

• Determined by natural resource endowments• How long will transition last?

Harbingers of Change: 2014

1. Huge investments in infrastructure2. Ease of doing business: significant improvements in cross-border trade3. Services sector, including information and communications technology

1. Infrastructure connectivity is critical for landlocked developing countries

• Geography adds dramatically to the problems faced by LLDCs

• Historically most important demand of LLDCs has been free access to the sea

• Infrastructure connectivity is critical for LLDCs – APoA (2003-2013)– Draft programme of action (2014-2024)

• LLDC problems high priority for ESCAP– ECAFE 1956 first international forum to recognize LLDC

needs– Today, ESCAP work well aligned with evolving programme

of action

Land Infrastructure: Alternate Routes

Chongquing – Duisburg Time comparison, 2011 – 2012


The New Silk Economic BeltSource: CCTV – reproduced in Wong (2015).


The New Silk Road RailwaySource: Xinhua News Agency.

1. Significant progress but infrastructure connectivity is unfinished business

• LLDCs have performed relatively well over past decade– For example, ESCAP calculations show that 62%

of LLDC populations are within 25 km of ICT infrastructure, as compared to 59% for population of the entire ESCAP region

– Similarly, the World Bank 2014 Survey of Logistics Professionals show relative improvement in the quality of trade and transport infrastructure

1. Significant progress but infrastructure connectivity is unfinished business

• LLDCs that committed large-scale investments in infrastructure and prioritization in national agendas services did best

• Also marked qualitative improvements in awareness of policy makers and partnerships with transit countries for mutual benefits in well managed transit arrangements

• Landlockedness not inevitable destiny• Long term , multi-stakeholders efforts, and political

commitment required to close gaps

2. NCA in Doing Business 2015

Notes: the Doing Business rankings cover 189 countries benchmarked to June 2014 and June 2015; the LPI covered 160 countries in 2014; Turkmenistan is not ranked in Doing Business. Source: World Bank Doing Business http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings and LPI http://lpi.worldbank.org/international/global/2014

DB Overall Ranking

DB Trading Across Borders LPI

2014 2015 2014 2015 2014

Armenia 37 35 117 29 92

Azerbaijan 70 63 168 40 125

Georgia 8 24 43 78 116

Kazakhstan 50 41 186 122 88

Kyrgyz Rep. 68 67 182 83 149

Tajikistan 143 132 188 132 114

Turkmenistan n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 140

Uzbekistan 146 87 189 159 129

3. Services Sector Growth: NextFrontier of Growth for NCA

20%

40%

60%

80%

40% 60% 80%

WorldEuropeNorth AmericaPacificNorth East AsiaNorth and Central AsiaSouth and South - West AsiaSouth - East Asia

1993 2003 2013 Horizontal axisServices Sector % of GDP

Vertical axisServices Sector % of Employment

Size of BubbleGDP per capita

3. NCA Services Sector Commitments

Source: WTO

Country name Percentage of free sectors

Kazakhstan 24.8

Russian Federation 27.7

Tajikistan 37.2

Armenia 39.9

Georgia 46.5

Kyzrgyz Republic 49.3

Percentage of Free Sectors in Commitments under GATS

3. Unfinished business: ICT connectivity

• ESCAP analysis shows Asian LLDCs face higher connectivity prices, due to transit fees applied by transit countries (at least 20%, sometimes far more)

• ESCAP has identified a number of high priority investments in terrestrial fibre optic cables to diversify routes and enhance market competitiveness

• Even this is not enough: regional approach for meshed networks will enhance role of LLDCs in data transit

3. Unfinished business: ICT connectivity

• Rationale of Asia-Pacific information superhighway: leveraging on cross-border rights of ways of Asian Highway and Trans-Asian Railway and cross-sectoral infrastructure synergies

• Cost reductions and revenue enhancing opportunities: dig once use many times principle

• ESCAP countries recently agreed to consider amending, AH, TAR Agreements in a joint session of the ICT and Transport Committees

3. Unfinished business: energy grids

• ESCAP estimates that demand for energy will double by 2050 in ALLDCs, most of which will be for electricity

• Imbalances in demand and supply for energy in ESCAP region, but ultra-high voltage technology now facilitates electricity transport over long distances

• Bilateral and subregional energy exchange initiatives being promoted in the region

• ESCAP promoting Asian Energy Highway concept, foster cooperation to build connections across energy networks, establish integrated market mechanisms

4. Connecting Asian LLDCs the way forward

• Continued key role by international and regional financial institutions

• New injection of funds through creation of new institutions

• New configurations of multilateral cooperation focused on plurilateral and multipolar relations: in this evolving configuration, regional cooperation emerges as a centrepiece for connecting LLDCs

• UN Regional Commissions can play an important supportive role in coordinating pan-regional initiatives

Thank you

For further information contact [email protected]

Research assistance provided by Giampiero De Feo

[email protected]

Addressing Connectivity Gaps in North and Central Asia

Nikolay PomoshchnikovSubregional Office for NCA

ESCAP

Transport connectivity

UNESCAP regional transport activities with focus on NCA countries:• The Asian Highway• Trans-Asia Railway• Dry Ports• Transport facilitation

Asian Highway Network in NCA countries

NCA Country

Primary Class I Class II Class III Below III Total Status

YearAH Agreement

Signed in

Entryinto

forceLength in kmArmenia 0 147 721 58 40 966 2013 2004 2005Azerbaijan 0 290,5 1,134 0 0 1,424,5 2013 2004 2005Georgia 74 897 182 1,163 2013 2004 2005Kazakhstan 0 557 5,407 6,389 475 12,828 2010 2004 2008Kyrgyzstan 0 0 303 1,324 136 1,763 2013 2004 2006Russia 1931 12082 1752 1525 17290 2013 2004 2004Tajikistan 0 20 978 0 914 1,912 2013 2004 2006

Turkmenistan 0 60 0 2,120 24 2,204 2008

Uzbekistan 0 1,195 1,101 670 0 2,966 2008 2004 2005

Trans-Asian Railway

• With climate change concerns and need to reduce carbon footprint, NCA (and other countries) have increased investments in greater rail connectivity through the region

• Some examples: – October 2014 - Kazakhstan inaugurated a 988-km line

between Zhezkazgan and Beineu.– December 2014 - 925-km rail link from Uzen

(Kazakhstan) to Bereket-Etrek (Turkmenistan) and Gorgan (Islamic Republic of Iran) was inaugurated

– Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are collaborating with Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran on a line that will link with China.

Dry Ports

• The Intergovernmental Agreement on Dry Ports signed on 7 November 2013 (14 member State signatories)

• Of particular importance for inclusive and sustainable development – As a link in the transportation chain, built along AH and

TAR, dry ports have proven to have a positive effect on the efficiency of the logistic chain

– Well-managed dry ports help reduce transportation costs and, in the case of dry ports located at a significant distance from a seaport, cut total transit time

– Helps develop vast hinterland areas and therefore promotes spatially more equitable development

Asia Pacific Energy Outlook• Energy Demand in Asia-Pacific is projected to grow by 2.1% a year

for the next 20 years (2010-2030) [ADB, 2013]

• Consumption Intensity- Between now and 2050, Asia will be transformed as its urban population nearly doubles from 1.6 billion to 3.1 billion Asia is projected to surpass the OECD before 2030 to become the world’s largest energy consuming block (ADB, 2011)

• The uneven distribution of energy resources within the Asia-Pacific presents a variety of challenges at the national level in terms of supply security.

Energy Challenges and Perspectives in North and Central Asia

Renewable energy capacity of North and Central Asian countries

CountrySolar PV (MW) Wind (MW)

Installed Potential Installed Potential

Armenia < 1 39,700 2.6 500

Azerbaijan 1.8 115,200 2.7 4,500

Georgia < 1 9,6900 < 1 2,300

Kazakhstan < 1 3,760,000 2.0 354,000

Kyrgyzstan 0.0 267,000 0.0 1,500

Russian Federation < 1 n/a 15.4 n/a

Tajikistan < 1 195,000 0.0 2,000

Turkmenistan 0.0 655,000 0.0 10,000

Uzbekistan < 1 593,000 < 1 1,600

Energy connectivity

ESCAP regional energy activities with focus on NCA countries:• The Asian Energy Highway• Connectivity from Central Asia to South Asia• Renewable Energy

Regional Energy Connectivity for Sustainable Development

• Energy trading is currently occurring within the Asia-Pacific region however it is primarily limited to bilateral agreements between neighboring states

• Regional Integration- The economically sound allocation of energy resources is likely to be more efficiently accessed and distributed using regionally integrated energy planning and trading

• Sub-regional activities in energy connectivity integration:– CASA 1000 and Central Asia-South Asia Regional Electricity Market– SAARC Energy Ring and Market for Electricity – Unified Energy System of Central Asia– ASEAN Power Grid and Energy Market Integration– Greater Mekong Subregion Power Market – North-East Asian Super Grid and Gobitec

Asian Energy Highway

• Promote regional power planning to enable efficient allocation of resources• Promote interconnections of electricity infrastructure and harmonization between institutions• Enhance resource security through diversification of power supply and a dynamic capacity to

adjust to developments in generation sourcing• Enable a capacity for regional load balancing • Promote competitive trading power trading and pooling policies.

ESCAP Energy Cooperation Activities

• UN Sustainable Energy For All initiative (SE4ALL)• UNECE/UNESCAP/UNEP: International Forum:

Energy for Sustainable Development• Asian and Pacific Energy Forum 2013:

Ministerial Declaration and Plan of Action 2014-2018

• Asia Pacific Energy Portal: Online Database on Energy Sector Legal Frameworks and Energy Trends in Asia-Pacific

• Asian Energy Highway Concept

Renewable Energy in Asia-Pacific

• Enhanced intermittent generation smoothing through broader geographical coverage.

• Create an economy of scale and demand for bulk renewable generation facilities.

• Reduce net generation capacity requirement within the region through integrated demand/supply management

Integration of Renewable Energy in Electricity Systems

• Opportunity for integration of renewable energy resources, as larger grids are typically more robust in managing and balancing intermittent energy supplies (e.g. wind and solar)

• Harmonised regional perspective on energy investment and institutional development that would naturally enable more efficient yet flexible integration in the longer-term.

• Accelerating VRE integration requires a multi-faceted approach, including development of strong policy frameworks, long-term planning perspectives in power plant and transmission infrastructure investments, advancement of grid operations, and increased engagement with civil society and the private sector.

ICT connectivityThe Asian Information superhighway

Information superhighway and cross-sectoral infrastructure synergies in NCA

• ESCAP’s Working Group on the Asia Pacific Information Superhighway– NCA member countries were involved– Goal: to develop the principles and norms

covering both the policy and technical aspects of an Asia-Pacific information superhighway and to help member countries address the digital divide and promote the benefits of enhanced ICT infrastructure to reduce costs of connectivity and promote socio-economic development.

Information superhighway and cross-sectoral infrastructure synergies in NCA

• The specific areas of WG focus include four main pillars: 1) Strengthening regional broadband terrestrial back-bone network 2) Harmonizing Internet traffic management systems and policies 3) Enhancing ICT infrastructure resilience (e-resilience), and 4) Providing inclusive access to broadband internet.

• NCA member countries have been included in efforts to address the use of ICT in disaster planning efforts, because the Asia-Pacific region remains the most hazard-prone region in the world in terms of frequency, magnitude and type of hazard.

Roadmap for Future SDG Implementation through Regional Connectivity

Key options and strategies:

• Further developing infrastructure networks– The Asian Highway and Trans-Asian Railway networks. – Integrated intermodal transport network.– The Asian Energy Highway. – The Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway.– Integration of ICT infrastructure with transport and energy

infrastructure for resource efficiency.

• Closing infrastructure gap– Prioritize investments in missing links for coherent and seamless

networked infrastructure across the region – Strengthen efficiency of public financing, including through public-

private partnerships and an enabling policy environment.

Roadmap for Future SDG Implementation through Regional Connectivity

• Enhancing coordination and cooperation: institutional and policy issues– Appropriate institutional framework.– Regional and subregional strategies and intergovernmental agreements.– Coordinated use of transport, energy and ICT networks.– Institutional setups, policy and regulatory reforms.

• Strengthening partnerships– Regional infrastructure initiatives.

• Encouraging people to people connectivity– Access the region’s vast knowledge resources.– Facilitate people to people connectivity.

Thank you

For further information Nikolay [email protected]

On track, on time, online, onboard

Abu Saeed [email protected]

Expert Consultation on Socio‐Economic Developments and Programme Priorities. 8 December 2015, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Technology is democratizing air travel

Source: Emirates’ response to claims raised about state‐owned airlines in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. June 29, 2015.

Migrant workers

White‐collared migrants

• Over 2/3 population of the world lives within 8 hours flight from Dubai

• 1/3 lives within 4 hours

Source: Emirates’ response to claims raised about state‐owned airlines in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. June 29, 2015.

This is how an airline views its market

This is how a train company views its domestic market

Source: WANG Jiayu, Deputy Director‐General, National Railway Administration, P.R. China at the 1st Meeting of the CAREC Railway Working Group, 24–26 November 2015 Tokyo, Japan.

This is how a train company viewsits market beyond borders

Source: WANG Jiayu, Deputy Director‐General, National Railway Administration, P.R. China at the 1st Meeting of the CAREC Railway Working Group, 24–26 November 2015 Tokyo, Japan.

The longest railways in the world“In Kazakhstan alone, China has invested $40 billion

in road and rail projects to improve routes through the country.”*

Map: Business Insider*China’s One Belt, One Road strategy takes to the air

Yesterday’s main route becomes the alternative of today

Source: Nurbek Kabizhan, Head of Department of Railway Transport, Ministry for investments and development, Republic of Kazakhstan. November 2015.

Traffic decides the route

Source: Nurbek Kabizhan, Head of Department of Railway Transport, Ministry for investments and development, Republic of Kazakhstan. November 2015.

Co‐organized and sponsored by the Asian Development Bank Institute and the Asian Development Bank. Supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan, Japan International Cooperation Agency, the World Bank, International Union of Railways, Organisation for Cooperation in Railways, International Federation of Freight Forwarders Association, East Japan Railway Company, and Japan Freight Railway Company.

Top agenda: Border crossing point issues

Source: CAREC RWG first meeting, November 2015.

ICT in BCP

Trading across borders in NCA: Importing is easier than exporting

Armenia Georgia Kyrgyzstan Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Russia

Rank (lower is better) 29 78 83 94 122 132 159 170

Time to export (hours) 10 69 56 77 313 144 338 153.8

Time to import (hours) 10 45 78 79 92 237 287 154

Cost to export $521 $1,043 $785 $1,175 $1,285 $1,076 $1,635 $2,369

Cost to import $471 $1,060 $792 $1,023 $1,595 $916 $628 $2,369

Longer time to exportCosts more to export

Source: “Doing Business 2016.” The World Bank. This report has not covered Turkmenistan.

DHL multimodal Asia‐Europe serviceChina‐Europe Rail Routes: 1. Zhengzhou‐Hamburg (10,214 km in 17 days) 2. Suzhou‐Warsaw (11,070 km in 14 days)3. Chengdu‐Lodz (9,862 km in 14 days)

Sea‐Rail:From ports in Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe and Hakata to Shanghai Port to further connect into the existing China rail connections to Europe Road:

Extensive cargo pickup within China to rail departure points at Zhengzhou, Suzhou and Chengdu.

Consequence: “China‐Europe rail has air cargo in the crosshairs.”

• Airlines flying cargo between China and Europe will be hit hardest by Beijing’s One Belt, One Road trade strategy as the land bridge rail route proves too attractively priced to ignore, believes Steve Flowers, head of global freight forwarding at UPS.

• “Transportation managers will likely have a hard time passing on the opportunity to reduce transport costs up to 65 percent while not having to endure the 40 days‐in‐transit typical for ocean service,” Flowers told JOC.com.

8,700 km Diverse Route for European and Asian Markets (DREAM) was launched October 17, 2013

Madrid‐Hong Kong‐Los Angeles

How the traffic flows across Central Asia

Source: Jim Cowie, Dyn Research, 10 December 2014.

Central Asia to Europe via Russia • Most of the traffic heads through Moscow en route to Frankfurt, London,

• Stockholm.

• Southern routes• through Ukraine are• also available (for the• moment).

Source: Jim Cowie, Dyn Research, 10 December 2014.

Data Center + Cloud = The game changers

Sino‐Russian private JV is building $355m Data Center in Irkutsk, Siberia

An initial $55 million facility with 1,800 computer racks is set to be built by 2018. The project is set to be extended by 8,000 racks by 2024, requiring extra $300 million.

‐ Bloomberg, September 3, 2015.

Armenia calling: July 17, 2008

The license will grant the right to own and operate a telecommunications network in the territory of the Republic of Armenia, and provide any type of telecommunications services including GSM services, 3G and any other voice or data services, subject to the applicable laws and regulations.

Any local or foreign companymay participate in the tender, subject to pre‐qualificationrequirements.

Terrestrial link

Submarine cable

Infrastructure dictates bandwidth price

AP‐IS follows the highway across this continent

Railway is also embedded in AP‐IS

Thanks for your attention.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Challenges in Asia and

the Pacific

Process, coordination and challenges within the context of the overall mandate of

ESCAP Subregional Office for North and Central Asia

Elvira MynbayevaProgramme Officer, ESCAP Subregional

Office for North and Central Asia

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

On 25 September 2015 the world leaders agreed to the new agenda:

Building on lessons from the MDGsThrough 17 transformative sustainable development goalsTo build people-centred, inclusive, peaceful and prosperous societiesTo end all poverty, everywhere, in all its dimensions

Sustainable Development Goals

Preparing for implementing the 2030 Agenda in Asia and the Pacific – a request for a regional

road map

• Asia-Pacific Forum on Sustainable Development as a key regional forum to support implementation

• Requested robust process and a regional road map to support implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development Challenges in Asia and the Pacific

Recent Developments and Prospects in North and Central Asia

2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016Armenia 3.4 2.5 2.2 3.0 4.3 3.4 -1.9 -4.0 -3.5 18 17.9 17.7Azerbaijan 2.8 4.0 2.5 1.4 5.0 4.2 -0.4 -9.2 -5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0Georgia 4.8 2.0 3.0 3.1 3.7 5.0 -2.9 -3.3 -2.7 … … …Kazakhstan 4.3 1.5 2.4 6.7 6.3 8.6 1.8 -3.2 -0.3 5.0 5.0 5.0Kyrgyzstan 3.6 2.0 3.6 7.5 8.3 9.0 -3.9 -5.9 -6.7 7.6 7.5 7.4Russian Federation 0.6 -3.8 -0.6 0.8 15.8 8.6 -1.2 -4.8 -4.2 5.2 6.0 6.5Tajikistan 6.7 3.0 3.4 6.1 10.8 8.2 0.0 -1.9 -2.6 … … …Turkmenistan 10.3 8.5 8.9 6.0 7.0 6.0 0.8 -0.9 -0.6 … … …Uzbekistan 8.1 6.8 7.0 8.4 9.7 9.2 1.9 -0.1 0.3 … … …Sources: National authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projections.

ProjectionsUnemployment (percent)

Real GDP (annual percent change)

Projections Projections

Consumer Price Inflation (year average percent)

Projections

General Government Fiscal Balance, Including Grants

(percent of GDP)

Economic Development in North and Central Asia (NCA)

• The economic development of NCA over the last 25 years and an overall assessment of the transformations and accomplishments provides ambiguous picture

• On the constructive side, market mechanisms are now generally established and the institutional structure of the NCA economies is rather closer to that of the market economies

There are considerable differences in the rates of economic growth amongst the NCA

countries • Over the period 1990-2008. These range from 207%

for Azerbaijan to 67% in Georgia. The ranks are quite persistent – extending the sample until 2012 we observe that Azerbaijan has the highest rate of economic growth (242%) and Georgia has experienced the smallest, i.e., 78%

• Differences are due to: availability of natural resources, the commencing level of economic development, and the effectiveness and efficiency of economic and social policy implemented by the respective government

There are considerable differences in the rates of economic growth amongst the NCA

countries • Oil exporters: Azerbaijan (AZE); Kazakhstan (KAZ);

Russian Federation (RUS); Turkmenistan (TKM); and, Uzbekistan (UZB)

• Need to adjust to new (persistently) low oil prices

• Need to enhance their non-oil taxation structure

• Implement diversification policy to increase non-oil growth and revenues

NCA Challenges • Need to enhance institutional and regulatory framework to

achieve efficient governance

• Proper utilization of financial instruments to foster investment and growth

• Strengthen the role of public institutions and private organizations in generating and promoting innovation and creativity;

• Ensure that growth involves all segments of the population, and takes into account the interests of future generations

NCA Challenges • Main sources of earnings are resource dependent

• Some Governments of the subregion are not dependent on taxpayers

• The lack of balance and diversification in the national economies of both the resource abundant and not resource abundant NCA countries poses a serious problem for employment and for long term economic sustainability

Desirable Actions• Development of mutually beneficial trade and economic

cooperation

• Secure direct positive effect of infrastructure projects on the economic development of countries in the region –streamlining public investment

• Enhance participatory approaches in political process through development of human capital and institutional structures

• Move towards macroeconomic policy and public finance management reforms with potential for sustainability

Desirable Actions

• ESCAP can and will help through technical assistance, provision of advice, capacity building and inspiration!

The Way Forward: 2015-2030• The SDGs are based on the principle that

economic growth, inclusiveness andenvironmental sustainability are inextricablylinked and policy makers over the next 15 yearswill need to tackle these three pillars ofdevelopment in a coherent way

• ESCAP will have to work hard to ensure nationalownership of and commitment towards the 2030Agenda;

The Way Forward: 2015-2030

• The SDGs would have to create a lasting momentum and serve as accelerator to the NCA countries movement beyond its "in transition" phase

• Transition would end when the former centrally planned (NCA) economies find their place in the global production process and become equal partners with the industrialised world economies -- to become integrated into the international economic framework rather than to be subordinated to it

Translating the 2030 Agenda into Concrete Programmes at the Regional level

• Promotion of sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth, creating greater opportunities for all, reducing inequalities and raising fundamental standards of living

• ESCAP will provide evidence-based policy analysis that brings the developmental experiences of the Asia-Pacific region into focus.

• ESCAP will highlight the diversity of development challenges and policy options at the regional and sub-regional level and thus help to shape economic and social strategies most appropriate to ground-level realities in the subregion

• ESCAP will also underline that the potential for SDGs to move countries beyond ground level realities and catapult them as participants in global economic relations rather than be subordinated by them.

• Thus providing better knowledge of medium-term trends and the long-term prospects of the respective economies (which is often lacking) and better understanding of the concrete impact and effect of policies on economic growth and sustainability

Integration of National Priorities, Development Strategies, and Regional

Specifics in the 2030 Agenda1. Support equitable income distribution in an inclusive and sustainable

way

2. Strengthen the diversification of production delivering economic growth with employment generation and environmental sustainability

3. Through diversification promote regional economic cooperation and integration (RECI) as a path towards achievement of SDGs and the integration of its three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental

4. And relatedly support good neighbourly relations, for wider regional cooperation and integration. As transit countries good neighbourlyrelations for RECI is key.

Thank you!

For further information, please contact: [email protected]

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Сотрудничество ЭСКАТО и РЭЦЦА для реализации ЦУР и Повестки Пост‐2015 в

Центральной Азии

Консультативное совещание экспертов по социально‐экономическому развитию и приоритетам программы(Алматы, Казахстан, 8 декабря 2015)

Татьяна Шакирова ‐ советник ИД по образовательным программам, обучению и построению потенциала

Шынар Тойлыбаева ‐ Focal point, ЭСКАТО ООН, Бангкок, Таиланд

CAREC/РЭЦЦА• CAREC ‐ platform for cooperation, knowledge and technology

exchange/РЭЦЦА ‐ платформа для сотрудничества:– to address environmental and development challenges/для решения

экологических проблем и проблем развития– at the local, national and regional level through multi‐state and multi‐

stakeholder negotiations, dialogues/на местном, национальном и региональном уровне через несколько государственных и различных заинтересованных субъектов переговоров, диалогов

• CAREC is promoting/РЭЦЦА продвигает:– development and implementation of innovative environmental

development policies/разработку и реализацию инновационной политики экологического развития,

– management approaches and international best practices in the region/подходы к управлению и лучшим международным практикам в регионе

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“CAREC: Expertise for better Environment”/РЭЦЦА: Экспертиза для улучшения окружающей среды"

Проектные территории РЭЦЦА:

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Проекты РЭЦЦА – ЦУРПроекты направлены на:

продвижение интегрированного управления природными ресурсами, в том числе, в трансграничном контексте повышение потенциала по ИУВРразвитие сотрудничества, продвижение участие женщин в управлении природными ресурсами в ЦАэкологическая устойчивость, экспертиза, влияние на окружающую среду повышение осведомленности и продвижение информированности заинтересованных сторон Образование, обучение и построение потенциала для УР

SDGS ‐ FRAMEWORK FOR COOPERATION/ЦУР – ОСНОВА ДЛЯ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

ЦУР, связанные с ООС, актуальные для ЦА региона:Цель 4. Качество образованияЦель 6. Обеспечить наличие и рациональное использование водных ресурсов и санитарии для всехЦель 7. Обеспечить всеобщий доступ к недорогому, надежному, устойчивому и современному энергоснабжениюЦель 12. Обеспечить устойчивые модели потребления и производстваЦель 13. Принять срочные меры по борьбе с изменением климата и его последствиямиЦель 15. Сохранять и восстанавливать экосистемы суши и содействовать их рациональному использованию, рационально распоряжаться лесами, бороться с опустыниванием, остановить и обратить вспять процесс деградации земель и остановить процесс утраты биологического разнообразия

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Программа ОУР РЭЦЦА: Ежегодная Программа «Лидерства Центральной Азии по окружающей среде в интересах устойчивого развития» (ЦАПЛ) в Центрально‐Азиатском регионе и Афганистане. В 2010‐2015 гг. РЭЦЦА проведено шесть ЦАПЛ, при содействии UNEP, Правительства Норвегии и Программного Офиса ОБСЕ в Астане.155 выпускников ЦАПЛ из стран ЦА и Афганистана сформировали сеть молодых специалистов во имя окружающей среды для устойчивого развития Центральной Азии.Вопросы реализации ЦУР и зеленого развития – в повестке ЦАПЛ.

Общая цель ЦА Программы Лидерства:•расширение всестороннего мышления и способности для принятия решений и создания деловых отношений среди правительства, частного сектора и гражданского общества; •Мотивация интеграции тем ООС и УР для эффективного принятия решений; •Создание и развитие сетей взаимодействия между новыми лидерами ЦА.

Цель 4. Качество образования

«Расширение потенциала по устойчивому развитию в ЦА: взгляд после 2015”: возможностидля сотрудничества Задачи:1)Усилить потенциал заинтересованных сторон встранах Центральной Азии (Кыргызстана иТаджикистана) в вопросах устойчивогоразвития, продвижения вопросов окружающейсреды и бедности в модели «экологическибережного» экономического развития;

2)Стимулировать диалог и активный обмензнаниями по совместным региональнымдействиям в Повестке ООН на пост‐2015 периоди обеспечить их релевантность в контекстедостижения Целей Устойчивого Развития

Страны‐участницы проекта: Кыргызстан,Таджикистан

Партнеры проекта: ПРООН‐ЮНЕП‐РЭЦЦАПериод реализации проекта: 1 год (29.07.2015‐

20.07.2016)

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Цель 6. Обеспечить наличие и рациональное использование водных ресурсов и санитарии для всехПроекты РЭЦЦА в области воды, санитарии и ИУВР:• Проект «Партнерство заинтересованных сторон: устойчивое развитие

территорий бассейнов малых трансграничных рек Центральной Азии» (донор USAID)

• «Повышение потенциала по бассейновому планированию для соответствующих организаций и их совместных структур» (донор EK через GIZ)

• Поддержка систем управления водными ресурсами и усиление трансграничных бассейновых администраций в ЦА» (донор EK через GIZ)

• «Поддержка местных инициатив в сфере управления окружающей средой и водными ресурсами и водными ресурсами в ЦА, фаза 1, фаза 2» (донор ‐Министерство Экологии Норвегии)

• «Устойчивое развитие территорий бассейнов водно‐болотных угодий в Приаралье ‐ система озер Судочье» (донор ‐ USAID) будет способствовать устойчивому развитию системы озер Судочье.

Smart Waters ‐ Вода. Образование. Сотрудничество USAID: мега‐проект РЭЦЦА, 2015‐2020

– Component I. Capacity Building & Academic Exchange/Повышение потенциала и академический обмен

– Component II. Networking & Cooperation/сетевое взаимодействие и сотрудничество

– Component III. IWRM Promotion & Support/Продвижение и поддержка ИУВР

– Component IV. Basin planning/Бассейновое планирование

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Водное сотрудничество в Центральной Азии ‐ мега‐проект РЭЦЦА, 2015‐2017Период: 18 мес. (дек.2015 – июнь 2017)Бюджет: EUR 1 299 866Поддержка: Делегация ЕС в Бишкеке, КыргызстанСтраны: 5 ЦА странОсновная цель: стимулировать трансграничное доверие и высокий уровень, транснационального политического участия в ЦА процессе Вода‐Nexus с помощью следующих конкретных задач:

•Поддержка переговоров ЕС путем выявления / реализации действий, способствующих трансграничному сотрудничеству и других мер доверия (МД) и нахождения решений на технических уровне, которые потенциально могут способствовать продвижению переговоров.•Разработка и оснащение ЦА стейкхолдеров знаниями / инструментами для нахождения справедливых решений наиболее актуальных водных/ энергетических проблем региона.•Организация национальных / региональных мероприятий по соответствующим вопросам.

Цель 7. Обеспечить всеобщий доступ к недорогому, надежному, устойчивому и современному энергоснабжениюПроекты РЭЦЦА:

• Проект «Интегрированный подход к развитию "зеленых" экономик в странах ЦА» (донор‐ Министерство экономики Германии, ведущий партнер проекта институт Diw Econ)

• «COMO‐East‐ Поддержка Участия Восточного Партнерства и городов ЦА в Соглашении Мэров»

• «Программа по Устойчивой Энергетике в Центральной Азии: Источники Возобновляемой Энергии & Энергоэффективность»

Международный «круглый стол», 21 ноября 2015 года, г. Ташкент

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Цель 13. Принять срочные меры по борьбе с изменением климата и его последствиями

Совместный сайд‐ивент РЭЦ/РЭЦЦА на Конференции по изменению климата COP 21 в Париже: инновационные подходы государственной политики для низкоуглеродного развития и климатической устойчивости в странах Европы и Центральной Азии. Страны Европы и Центральной Азии собрались вместе, чтобы обсудить наилучшие практики и подходы государственной политики на пути к низкоуглеродному развитию и климатически‐устойчивому будущему. От ЦА стран ‐ министры ООС, ведущие эксперты. От РЭЦЦА ‐ ИД Искандар Абдуллаев и Наиля Мустаева, менеджер программы по ИКУЭ.

• От имени региональных организаций выступил ИД РЭЦЦА Искандар Абдуллаев, который ознакомил участников сайд‐ивента с деятельностью МФСА, МКУР, МКВК и РЭЦЦА в содействии странам ЦА по УР, управлению водными ресурсами и изменению климата.

• Презентация видео ролика – показана уязвимость ЦА к изменяющемуся климату, и предпринимаемые действия стран ЦА на пути к низкоуглеродномуразвитию и климатической устойчивости.

• Поддержание регионального диалога и сотрудничества по вопросам изменения климата между странами ЦА является основным условием для успешных действий.

Совместный сайд-ивент

РЭЦ/РЭЦЦА на Конференции

СОР-21 в Париже

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Цель 12. Обеспечить устойчивые модели потребления и производства. Цель 15. Сохранять и восстанавливать экосистемы суши и содействовать их рациональному использованию, рационально распоряжаться лесами, бороться с опустыниванием…

• «Оценка экосистемных услуг для улучшения управления водными ресурсами в сельском хозяйстве в низовьях бассейна реки Сырдарья» (донор‐ ICARDA)

• «Мониторинг окружающей среды в Центральной Азии (MONECA‐проект FLERMONECA, донор ЕС)

• Повышение потенциала и сетевое взаимодействие по Платам за Экосистемные услуги в странах ЦА и за пределами» (донор ‐FOEN)

• «Система подготовки экологических отчетов с использованием экологических индикаторов UN‐ECE» (FOEN)

• «Оценка Оценок по воздуху, биоразнообразию, ИК и отходам в Центральной Азии» (FOEN)

• В июле 2015 года подписан МоВ/Memorandum of Agreement с ЭСКАТО ООН, Таиланд ‐ по улучшению экологической устойчивости способствующей устойчивому экономическому росту, создающий новые возможности для увеличения занятости через применение политики «зеленого роста», в то же время способствующий сокращению бедности и повышению вовлеченности в политическую, социальную жизнь всех слоев населения стран АТР и ЦАР.

Сотрудничество ЭСКАТО и РЭЦЦА

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• ЭСКАТО и РЭЦЦА стремятся достичь общих целей на основе рабочих программ

РЭЦЦА, с его потенциалом по ОУР, ПВИ, ИКУЭ, ПЭУ, УЗРМ и Knowledge

platform сможет продвигать и поддерживать развитие потенциала,

что приведет к продвижению и реализации стратегий, политических рамок и дорожных карт по переходу

стран ЦА к «зеленому росту»

ЭСКАТО, в качестве инициатора политики «зеленого роста» (ЗР),

будет опираться на лучшие практики ЗР Азиатско‐Тихоокеанского региона и продолжать оказывать поддержку

развитию потенциала представителей госструктур, гражданского общества,

парламентариев и устойчиво практикующих специалистов ООС,

чтобы улучшить их навыки в разработке стратегий, политических

рамок и дорожных карт.

•Создание центра э‐обучения политике «зеленого роста и устойчивого развития», тесно взаимосвязанного со Стратегией развития РЭЦЦА до 2020 (РЭЦЦА ‐ содействие экологическому сотрудничеству и РЭЦЦА ‐центр знаний в Центральной Азии)

•Региональный тренинг на тему: «Зеленый рост для устойчивого развития: повышение потенциала лиц, принимающих решения в Центральной Азии» (планируется на 21 декабря 2015 г., Астана, Казахстан)

•Успешная интеграция зелёных подходов и принципов в процессы обучения, продвижение экологически дружелюбного поведения в жизнь общества, развитие потенциала, поддержка ЦА лидерства и продвижение зелёных знаний, навыков и компетенций педагогов, лидеров, госслужащих и гражданского общества

Приоритетные направления совместной деятельности ЭСКАТО и РЭЦЦА:

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ЭСКАТО будет предоставлять: • Полный доступ к электронному обучению программной платформы – уже

доступны курсы обучения он‐лайн• техническую и сущностную поддержку РЭЦЦА, чтобы запустить и

модерировать электронное обучение и поддержку процесса переводов курсов на русский язык

• Помощь в разработке и проведении семинаров «Training of Trainers’»(ToT) с участием госструктур и гражданского общества, используя курсы обучения и материалы ЭСКАТО (он‐лайн и на месте )

• Методологическую и сущностную поддержку в разработке обучения, модерирования и оценки потенциала участников э‐обучения курсов ЗР и УР

• Техническую поддержку для развития он‐лайн сообщества практиков ЗР и УР, в том числе, для русскоязычных пользователей.

Области сотрудничества ЭСКАТО - РЭЦЦА

•Обеспечение поддержки наращивания потенциала политиков и представителей государственных структур АТР и ЦАР для развития и практического использования стратегий, политик, инструментов и механизмов, нацеленных на «зеленый рост»

•Возможное сотрудничество с РЭЦЦА по идущим программам и проектам по СВ (ЦА Лидерство, Повестка пост‐2015, PEI, и др.)

Цель курса обучения «он-лайн» по наращиванию потенциала практиков и политиков

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CAREC: Knowledge Platform

http://carececo.org/en/

Спасибо за внимание!

www.carececo.org

Review of Strategic Framework and Programme of Work

HP ChungESCAP SONCA

ESCAP: Overall Orientation

• Mandate: to promote regional cooperation for inclusive and sustainable development

• Through:– intergovernmental platform – evidence-based analysis– cross sectoral synergies– knowledge sharing hub– link subregions

ESCAP: SDG Positioning

• In the context of SDGs, ESCAP to focus on:– policy integration and coherence– regional coordination of SDG indicators– trans-boundary SDGs – mobilizing means of implementation– monitoring regional SDG implementation

SONCA: NCA Context

• Low sustained commodity prices• Need for structural diversification and

integration (RECI)• Sustainable and inclusive development (SDG)• SONCA to work on SDGs as a pathway to

RECI– build subregional ownership – enhance policy coherence – promote issue linkages

SONCA: 14/15 Strategic Framework

• To effectively address the priority areas of the North and Central Asian subregion

• In the formulation and implementation of inclusive and sustainable development policies

• For the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals

• Through:– enhanced capacity – strengthened knowledge-sharing and partnerships

SONCA: 14/15 Programme of Work

• 70 & 71 ESCAP Commission Session• Expert group meetings

– consultation on implementations of sustainable development

– programme priorities• 2014 SPECA Economic Forum & Governing

Council• Technical & analytical work

– information briefs– statistical summaries

• Advisory services


• To strengthen regional cooperation and integration • In line with the development priorities of the

North and Central Asian subregion • To achieve inclusive and sustainable development• Through:

– enhanced capacity – strengthened knowledge-sharing and partnerships

SONCA: 16/17 Programme of Work

• 72 & 73 ESCAP Commission Session• Expert group meetings

– emerging economic and social development issues in the North and Central Asia (2);

• 2016 SPECA Economic Forum & Governing Council• Technical & analytical work

– Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration (RECI)– infrastructure connectivity (transport, energy and ICT

cooperation)– trade integration– knowledge sharing

• Advisory services

SONCA: Support ESCAP’s analytical and normative work programme

• Develop subregional roadmap on SDGs and promote ownership (political buy-in at subregional level)

• Provide subregional analysis for ESCAP flagship publications including the Survey

• Promote SPECA as the only mechanism available at the subregional level for economic cooperation

• Representational role

SONCA: External Factors

• SONCA is expected to achieve its objectives on the assumption that:– international community supports – key partners cooperate– resources are mobilized


• To support the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

• In line with subregional priorities • Through regional cooperation and integration• By:

– strengthened capacity – increased effectiveness of subregional mechanisms and

processes

Thank youСпасибо

[email protected]

expert consultation on socio-economic developments … · 2014-08-12 · • 2008 to 2016...

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