exploding interest in visible light communications: an
TRANSCRIPT
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
EXPLODING INTEREST IN VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATIONS:
AN APPLICATIONS VIEWPOINT
1
Pow!
Thomas Little Boston University
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
What is VLC?
The cup is half empty
The cup is half full
Current evidence of the overflowing cup
Final observations
OUTLINE: OPPORTUNITIES IN VLC
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
WHAT IS VLC?
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATIONS
Time
Observer
Modulation and/or Dimming via toggling the lights
Luminaire
4
Data! Light Intensity – “Baseband Modulation” (OOK, PAM, PPM)
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Properties
•Secure
•Line of sight
•High density
•Free, unlicensed spectrum
•Not affected by RF-noise
•Mitigates RF health concerns
What’s it good for?
VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATIONS
5
Center-developed VLC transceiver
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
An enabling technology, NOT the main event
Use it it in communications -- Where LOS is important (good spatial reuse)
Where locality is important
As low cost – available – and opportune
For security, privacy
Exploits how we can control solid state light engines
Not ‘low power’ per se, but ‘free’ if used with lighting
VLC: What’s It Good For?
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
TYPICAL VLC SIGNAL CHAIN: INDOOR SCENARIOS
MCU/ Protocol Engine
MCU/Protocol Engine
VLC Transceiver
VLC Transceiver
Channel
Typically Overhead Lighting
Typically a Mobile or Embedded Device
“Downlink”
“Uplink”
Wired Internet
Device
“Free Space”
7
Next: The Cup is Half Empty…
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
THE CUP IS HALF EMPTY
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
“A solution looking for a problem”
“No industry demand looking for VLC”
“Many alternatives to using light to pass bits”
Consumers of wireless systems busy adopting to new 802.11ac and 802.11ad standards
No VLC products out there in the market/no contracts we are aware of
Technology ‘on the verge’
Lighting industry does not understand data comms
It will happen soon/don’t know when
Hard nut – going to market
HALF EMPTY
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
“VLC won’t work in the dark – how can I stream and watch TV in the dark?”
“I can already do that with WiFi, right?”
“It won’t work if it’s raining or foggy” (outdoors)
“It’s not energy efficient”
“It’s not built into my laptop”
“I will see flicker”
“IRDA never took off, why will this?”
TO BOOT
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
THE CUP IS HALF FULL
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Rich ecosystem of international developers of VLC technologies
HALF FULL
12
VLC Ltd
LiFi Consortium
IEEE 802.15.7
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
HALF FULL
13
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
HALF FULL
LiFi “one of 50 best inventions of 2011”
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
HALF FULL
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
HALF FULL
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Many have noted VLC will shine where other technologies cannot satisfy a need
•Near field communications (including cable replacement)
•When want to “Hide” communications or RF is not allowed
•High density wireless – spatial reuse
•Where Line of Sight (LOS) makes a difference
•Indoor GPS (indoor positioning)
HALF FULL
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATIONS
Home Media Server
Video Kiosks Opportunity: High-speed download of HD movies
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Download a DVD in seconds Exchange a DVD between mobiles
http://www.studiobriefing.net/2011/02/kiosks-replacing-video-stores/
Roku
Samsung Galaxy tab
NFC
NFC
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
“Hide” data Communication
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Continuous wireless telemetry of biodata from incident to hospital
Civilian
Defense
http://www.aircav.com/dodphoto/dod99/uh60-011.html
http://transition.fcc.gov/pshs/first-responders.html
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Underwater Communications
RF NOT FEASIBLE
Nakagawa Labs, Inc.
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
HIGH DENSITY WIRELESS
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• 500+ users • Severe contention for
WiFi • Common scenario in
classrooms, conference halls, other assembly spaces
Airbus
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
WHERE LINE OF SIGHT MAKES A DIFFERENCE
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Vehicle-to-vehicle communications
Safety critical latencies
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
INDOOR GPS
Indoors
Outdoors
Lights are the basis for indoor positioning
Augmented Reality using location
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Iphone app
http://www.qrcodepress.com
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
CURRENT EVIDENCE OF THE OVERFLOWING CUP
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
GROWTH IN WIRELESS
Cisco’s Visual Network Index -- forecast the impact of modern apps
•Annual growth in IP traffic
•Gains in spectral efficiency
User demand is increasing faster than gains in spectral efficiency!
Use
r D
eman
d
Spec
tral
Eff
icie
ncy
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Cisco VNI Forecast – Trends
By 2015, traffic from wireless devices is expected to exceed traffic from wired devices.
Most of these devices are used for fixed position wireless!
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Cisco VNI Forecast – Trends Mobile video is expected to account for a majority of internet traffic in the upcoming years.
Video streaming is an ideal use for asymmetric channels.
These increases in network traffic require drastic changes in how we think of wireless communication.
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
VLC IS SET TO PROVIDE SCALE
E.g., Optical Wireless
30Mb/s Aggregate Bandwidth
RF Wireless
10 Mb/s 10 Mb/s 10 Mb/s
Shared Channel Dedicated Channels
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
FINAL OBSERVATIONS
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
• Unique characteristics of light provide opportunities
• It’s not a race for speed (not a single dimension problem)
Sure fast is good
Cost, function & efficiency too
• Disruptive to RF-based businesses
• Opportunistic – piggybacks on lighting
• Part of ‘control’ infrastructure in immersive, adaptive lighting paradigm
FINAL OBSERVATIONS
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Controllable LED Lighting
Hotels/Casinos
Office Buildings
Stadiums/Arenas
High Density Communication
Conference Halls
Transportation Hubs
Convention Centers
Localization Services
Retailers
Hospitals
Warehouse
VLC APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES
“Indoor GPS”
“Smart Grid Friendly Appliances”
“Streaming Video”
“Resource Tracking”
“Custom Lighting Control”
“Product Placement”
“Asset Analysis”
“Massive Energy Savings”
“Promotions”
“Advertisements”
“Smart Network”
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
ERC EFFORTS
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
1. Localized, high-data-rate communications, and adapting to the limitations of the medium
2. Low cost 3. Responsive low-latency interaction 4. Part of immersive lighting infrastructure
From NXP
GOALS IN THIS CONTEXT
Immersive Lighting
Indoor Navigation Personal Interaction with Lighting
Lighting as Wireless Access
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
COOPERATIVE VLC AND RF SYSTEM (ACCOMPLISHMENTS)
Rahaim, Little
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 450
2
4
6
8
10
Streaming Users
Av
erag
e D
elay
[m
s]
Wifi
VLC (4)
Hybrid (4)
Hybrid (8)
Analysis of the potential aggregate bandwidth in a cooperative system.
Wifi Saturates Early
due to the division
of bandwidth
Asymmetric VLC
shows improvement
due to spatial reuse
Cooperation offers full
utilization of the WiFi
and VLC channels Cooperation also
benefits from the
scalability of VLC!
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Analysis of the “lights off” problem shows that signal coverage can be achieved with very low emissions
from overhead lights, even in areas of the room with signal shadowing and high ambient noise
“Lights off” and Uplink VLC (T1.2.1) Borogovac, Rahaim, Tuganbayeva, Little
Daylight illuminance distribution
Overhead lights illuminance distribution
High ambient noise regions due to proximity to windows
Low signal regions due to shadowing of overhead lights
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
x axis [meters]
Indoor Environment: 12 Luminaires and 169 Rx Positions
y axis [meters]
z a
xis
[m
ete
rs]
Signal of InterestLuminaire
Noise ContributingLuminaire
Discrete RxLocations
INDOOR LOCALIZATION (T1.2.3) Prince
Coarse Performance
finds closest
luminary to target,
with errors ~ 0.3 m
Fine Performance
improves upon Coarse
estimate if it can, if not
the estimate of location
is the Coarse estimate
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
•Ganick, M. Figueroa, J. Lobo, P. Schimitsch, T. Rich, and T.D.C. Little, MobiSys 2010, demo and poster. • A. Agarwal and T.D.C. Little,. Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2010. • A. Agarwal and T.D.C. Little, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference, 2009.
Automotive VLC transceiver
Contention with RF in V2V Communications (T1.2.3) Agarwal, Ganick, et al.
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
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VIDEO STREAMING WITH SDR TESTBED (T1.2.1) Rahaim, Borogovac, Mirvakili, Koomson, Little
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Rick Roberts, Intel
Gordon Povey, D-Light (VLC, Ltd)
Walter Kraus, LiFi, IBSEN Tech
Sridhar Rajagopal, Samsung Electronics
Shinichiro Haruyama, VLCC
Dominic O’Brien, Oxford
Karl Jessen, Osram Sylvania
Eric Meulenkamp, Philips Research
Klaus-Dieter Langer, Fraunhofer
Mohsen Kavehrad, PSU
Aaron Ganick, Bytelight
PEOPLE QUERIED
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Characteristics
• High Density
• Free, unlicensed spectrum
• Not affected by RF-noise
• Secure
• We are flooded with light anyway
• Mitigates RF health concerns
INDOOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Characteristics
• Many existing RF devices
• Security and privacy
• Patients
• Staff
• High value equipment
• Visually impaired (navigation)
Wireless Healthcare – Asset Tracking
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Characteristics:
•Rich custom lighting environment
•Smartphones
•Behavior tracking of individual shoppers
•People—product—purchase linkage
•Value to consumers and retailers
RETAIL ANALYTICS
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Characteristics
•Tracking, localization
•Harsh, hot environment
•Sometimes crowded RF environment
•Often clear LOS
•Self-provisioning
Use Case – Warehouse Control
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Casinos:
• Rich lighting environment
• Ubiquitous video monitoring environment
• Video signal egress problem in the presence of crowded RF
Cabins (aircraft, auto)
•Moving ‘hotspots’ create dynamic contention problems (with other vehicles or fixed infrastructure)
•Isolate with VLC hotspots
MORE OPPORTUNITIES
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Barrier Effort
Driving illumination grade LEDs at high speed Sources (S1.3)
Increasing data rate with parallelism/arrays High Data Rate (T1.2.1), Sources (S1.2.1), Sensors (S2.1)
Achieving low complexity/low cost modulation
Modulation (T1.2.2)
LOS characteristic of light/mobility Mobility (T1.2.3)
Seamless interoperability with other networks Mobility (T1.2.3)
Disruptive nature of VLC as a lighting product and a networking product
Translational Efforts
MAJOR BARRIERS IN VLC
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Smart Lighting Annual Industry-Academia Days, February 13-15, 2012
Three Markets Market Potential
Energy-efficient lighting
829 million installed downlights (US) [SSL Roadmap]
Wireless access and networking
350K femtocells (est. US), growth to 49M units (globally) by 2014 [Informa Telecoms&Media]. Compare to 260K macrocells today (US) 81 million installed WAPs (US) [Skyhook]
Smart grid control
$11B market for sensors and devices for smart grid applications, growing to $21.8B in 2014 (US) [SBI]
Why Relevant? What’s the Market?