extended essay

ExtendedExtended Essay Essay

Guidelines Guidelines First Exams 2013First Exams 2013

Choice of Topic and RQChoice of Topic and RQ

Focused Topic chosen from one of the Focused Topic chosen from one of the IB SubjectsIB Subjects

Topic chosen by studentTopic chosen by student It is recommended that a combination of It is recommended that a combination of

primary and secondary sources is used.primary and secondary sources is used.

The data collected should be critically The data collected should be critically analyzed. The chosen topic should lend analyzed. The chosen topic should lend itself to such analysis.itself to such analysis.

The research question should be clearly The research question should be clearly focused.focused.

Examples from the IBO guideExamples from the IBO guideEconomicsEconomicsTopic: Pricing at the local SupermarketTopic: Pricing at the local Supermarket

Research Question:Research Question: Will the recent policy Will the recent policy of cutting bakery prices lead to increased of cutting bakery prices lead to increased revenue for the Safeway supermarket in revenue for the Safeway supermarket in Ryde, Sydney?Ryde, Sydney?

Approach:Approach: Primary research is conducted Primary research is conducted through observation and supported by through observation and supported by secondary research, such as company secondary research, such as company records and textbooks. This results in a records and textbooks. This results in a detailed examination of elasticity and its detailed examination of elasticity and its relationship to total revenue.relationship to total revenue.

Business and ManagementBusiness and ManagementTopic: Operations managementTopic: Operations management

Research Question:Research Question: To what extent has the To what extent has the introduction of Total Quality Management introduction of Total Quality Management (TQM) improved quality at ABC Ltd? (TQM) improved quality at ABC Ltd?

Approach: Approach:

A review of how quality management techniques have changed with the introduction of TQM.

Relevant indicators are selected for measuring quality and the data for ABC Ltd is collected. The way in which ABC Ltd have adapted their approach to managing quality, and the impact of this on the selected indicators, is analysed and evaluated.

BiologyBiologyTopic: The effectiveness of commercial antibacterial Topic: The effectiveness of commercial antibacterial cleaning agentscleaning agents

Research Question:Research Question: Are commercially available antibacterial cleaning agents effective at controlling the growth of E. coli on nutrient agar under laboratory conditions?

Approach: Approach:

Pure strain E. coli are grown on nutrient agar plates under controlled conditions. Filter paper discs soaked in samples of the antibacterial agents are placed on the agar plates and the zone of exclusion is measured and compared.

HistoryHistoryTopic: Changing views of the 1962 Cuban missile Topic: Changing views of the 1962 Cuban missile crisiscrisis

Research Question:Research Question:

How and why have explanations of the Cuban missile crisis changed since 1962?

Approach: Approach:

General reading is undertaken for a historical introduction and note taking. The views of a number of historians are summarized in order to understand, categorize and evaluate selected explanations of the 1962 missile crisis in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.

May 2011 Economics EE Subject ReportMay 2011 Economics EE Subject Report

Unsuitable approaches included:Unsuitable approaches included:

essays on a historical topic; there is no hard and fast rule on this, but essays on a historical topic; there is no hard and fast rule on this, but students should confine their topics to something that has taken place in students should confine their topics to something that has taken place in the recent past.the recent past.

essays on a future event; these are problematic as the conclusions are essays on a future event; these are problematic as the conclusions are largely hypothetical or speculative.largely hypothetical or speculative.

essays on the performance of the whole economy; the global financial essays on the performance of the whole economy; the global financial crisis has generated a flurry of research questions, including ones on the crisis has generated a flurry of research questions, including ones on the whole of individual economies. These are rarely successful. They tend to whole of individual economies. These are rarely successful. They tend to be descriptive, lacking in analysis, and summaries of secondary sources.be descriptive, lacking in analysis, and summaries of secondary sources.

Essays on the effect of a major event, without specifying what it is that Essays on the effect of a major event, without specifying what it is that is being examined, i.e. the effect on what.is being examined, i.e. the effect on what.

May 2011 Economics EE Subject ReportMay 2011 Economics EE Subject Report

Students continue to inappropriately generate conclusions about Students continue to inappropriately generate conclusions about elasticity based on data that they have gathered through surveys. elasticity based on data that they have gathered through surveys. Where surveys ask questions such as “How much would you buy if Where surveys ask questions such as “How much would you buy if the price increased by 10%, 20%, 30%?” produce hypothetical and the price increased by 10%, 20%, 30%?” produce hypothetical and unreliable conclusions. Elasticity theory should only be used if prices unreliable conclusions. Elasticity theory should only be used if prices actually do change.actually do change.

In cases where primary research is not obvious, students should be In cases where primary research is not obvious, students should be encouraged to contact (email is the easiest way to start) an encouraged to contact (email is the easiest way to start) an economist, an economics professor, a journalist or a government economist, an economics professor, a journalist or a government official for information.official for information.

Formal PresentationFormal Presentation

Title PageTitle Page

AbstractAbstract

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

IntroductionIntroduction

BodyBody

ConclusionConclusion

BibliographyBibliography

AppendicesAppendices

Title PageTitle Page

Topic Topic

Research QuestionResearch Question

SubjectSubject

Examination SessionExamination Session

Candidate NameCandidate Name

Candidate NumberCandidate Number

Word countWord count

AbstractAbstract

Less thanLess than 300 Words300 Words

One Paragraph statingOne Paragraph stating Research QuestionResearch Question

Scope of investigationScope of investigation


Table of ContentsTable of Contents IntroductionIntroduction

Explaining the problem/case Explaining the problem/case study/etc.study/etc.

ResearchResearch


BibliographyBibliography

AppendicesAppendices

IntroductionIntroduction Why? Why?

Justify the choice of the Justify the choice of the topic in the context of the topic in the context of the study of economics study of economics

What?What? State the research questionState the research question

How?How? Research methodologyResearch methodology

BodyBody• The main argument of essay is

developed in body

• Relevant evidence discovered should be presented

• Where/how evidence has been discovered and how it supports the argument should be presented.

• Sub-headings should be used to help the reader understand the argument

BodyBodyThe body of the essay should include:

•Development

What relevant evidence has been

discovered.

•Methods

where/how it has been discovered

•Results

how it supports the argument.

Example from EconomicsExample from Economics

Do Mobinil and Vodafone engage in price Do Mobinil and Vodafone engage in price competition in Cairo?competition in Cairo?

4 market structures4 market structures OligopolyOligopoly

profit maximization and Kinked demandprofit maximization and Kinked demand DuopolyDuopoly

interdependence: Prisoner’s dilemma interdependence: Prisoner’s dilemma

Apply theory to the problem at handApply theory to the problem at hand Do not regurgitate notesDo not regurgitate notes

Remember your IA?Remember your IA? Define economic terms, use and explain graphs, Define economic terms, use and explain graphs, etc.etc.

ResearchResearch Your methodology should be clearly Your methodology should be clearly explainedexplained

How was the data collected?How was the data collected? What data is needed to answer the What data is needed to answer the research question?research question? Try to have a representative sampleTry to have a representative sample Questionnaires and interviews should be Questionnaires and interviews should be included in appendicesincluded in appendices Be aware of biasBe aware of bias

Ethical guidelines for extended Ethical guidelines for extended essays research and fieldwork essays research and fieldwork Extended essay students must exercise the Extended essay students must exercise the

greatest sensitivity to local and international greatest sensitivity to local and international cultures. cultures.

Any research/fieldwork that creates anxiety, stress, Any research/fieldwork that creates anxiety, stress, pain or discomfort for participants is not permitted. pain or discomfort for participants is not permitted.

Any research/fieldwork that involves unjustified Any research/fieldwork that involves unjustified deception, involuntary participation or invasion of deception, involuntary participation or invasion of privacy, including inappropriate use of information privacy, including inappropriate use of information technology (IT), email and the internet, is prohibited.technology (IT), email and the internet, is prohibited.

All participants in research activities must be All participants in research activities must be informed before commencing the research that they informed before commencing the research that they have the right to withdraw at any time. Pressure have the right to withdraw at any time. Pressure must not be placed on any individual participant to must not be placed on any individual participant to continue with the investigation beyond this point. continue with the investigation beyond this point.

Ethical guidelines for extended Ethical guidelines for extended essays research and fieldwork essays research and fieldwork Each participant must be informed of the aims and Each participant must be informed of the aims and

objectives of the research and in addition be shown objectives of the research and in addition be shown the results of the research.the results of the research.

Informed consent should be obtained from the people Informed consent should be obtained from the people who are the subject of the fieldwork. Research who are the subject of the fieldwork. Research involving children needs the written consent of involving children needs the written consent of parent(s) or guardian(s). Students must ensure that parent(s) or guardian(s). Students must ensure that parents are fully informed about the implications for parents are fully informed about the implications for children who take part in such research. Where children who take part in such research. Where research is conducted with children in a school, the research is conducted with children in a school, the written consent of the teachers concerned must also written consent of the teachers concerned must also be obtained.be obtained.

Extended essay students must avoid conducting Extended essay students must avoid conducting research with any adult who is not in a fit state of research with any adult who is not in a fit state of mind and cannot respond freely and independently.mind and cannot respond freely and independently.

Ethical guidelines for extended Ethical guidelines for extended essays research and fieldwork essays research and fieldwork If any participant shows stress and/or pain at any If any participant shows stress and/or pain at any

stage of the research, the research must finish stage of the research, the research must finish immediately, and the participant must be allowed to immediately, and the participant must be allowed to withdraw.withdraw.

Participants must be debriefed and given the right to Participants must be debriefed and given the right to withdraw their own personal data and responses. withdraw their own personal data and responses. Anonymity for each participant must be guaranteed.Anonymity for each participant must be guaranteed.

All data collected must be kept in a confidential and All data collected must be kept in a confidential and responsible manner and not divulged to any other responsible manner and not divulged to any other person.person.

Research that is conducted online, using IT methods, Research that is conducted online, using IT methods, is subject to the same guidelines. Any data collected is subject to the same guidelines. Any data collected online must be deleted once the research has been online must be deleted once the research has been completed. Such data must not be used for any completed. Such data must not be used for any purpose other than the conduct of the research.purpose other than the conduct of the research.

ResearchResearch Your findings should be clearly presented Your findings should be clearly presented throughthrough

tables and graphs should be explainedtables and graphs should be explained

Your findings should be analyzed in Your findings should be analyzed in order to answer the research questionorder to answer the research question

While interpreting the data, you could refer to While interpreting the data, you could refer to theory theory

It should be clear how your analysis leads the It should be clear how your analysis leads the conclusionconclusion

provide some explanation of anomalies or provide some explanation of anomalies or unexpected outcomesunexpected outcomes

tables and graphstables and graphs


RecapRecap

Answer the research question Answer the research question

Shortcomings, biasesShortcomings, biases

Recommendations Recommendations

BibliographyBibliography Center the word Center the word Bibliography.Bibliography. Double space before the first entry. Double space before the first entry. Do not indent at the beginning of an Do not indent at the beginning of an entry, but indent additional lines If the entry, but indent additional lines If the entry runs more than one line.entry runs more than one line. Double space between entries.Double space between entries. List entries alphabetically by the List entries alphabetically by the author’s last name. If there is no author’s last name. If there is no author, list by the first word of the author, list by the first word of the title.title.

AppendixAppendix If your research involves If your research involves interviews or surveys, include interviews or surveys, include them in the appendix.them in the appendix. Findings form your data Findings form your data collection should collection should notnot be in the be in the appendix.appendix.

Presentation and analysis of Presentation and analysis of data should be included in the data should be included in the body of your essay.body of your essay.

Assessment CriteriaAssessment Criteria

AAKK out of 36out of 36

EE markbandsEE markbands- - May 2012May 2012

A: 29 – 36A: 29 – 36

B: 23 – 28B: 23 – 28

C: 16 – 22C: 16 – 22

D: 8 – 15 D: 8 – 15

E: 0 - 7 E: 0 - 7

Source: IBO: statistical bulletin May 2011

Extended Essay Statistics Nov. 2011


Criterion A—Research question [2 marks]“The extent to which the purpose of the essay is specified”. To score 2 on this criteria: “The research question is clearly stated in The research question is clearly stated in either the introduction or on the title page and is either the introduction or on the title page and is sharply focused, making effective treatment sharply focused, making effective treatment possible within the word limitpossible within the word limit.”

Source IBO: Extended Essay First Examination 2013

Criterion A in EconomicsCriterion A in Economics

The research question should The research question should be sharply focused and it is be sharply focused and it is strongly recommended to state strongly recommended to state in the form of a question.in the form of a question.

The question should notThe question should not be trivialbe trivial have two partshave two parts be a ‘yes/ no’ question.be a ‘yes/ no’ question.


Criterion B—Introduction [2 marks]“The extent to which the introduction makes clear how the research question relates to existing knowledge on the topic and explains how the topic chosen is significant and worthy of investigation” To score 2 on this criteria: “The context of the research question is clearly demonstrated. The introduction clearly explainsthe significance of the topic and why it is worthy of investigation.”


Criterion B in EconomicsCriterion B in Economics

The introduction should explain The introduction should explain why the subject is worthy of why the subject is worthy of investigation, it should not:investigation, it should not: account for personal reasons account for personal reasons personal experiences personal experiences


Criterion C—Investigation

[4 marks]“The extent to which the investigation has been planned and an appropriate range of sources has been consulted, or data has been gathered, that is relevant to the research question. Where the research question does not lend itself to a systematic investigation[…], the maximum level that can be awarded is 2.”

To score 4 on this criteria:

“An imaginative range of appropriate sources has been An imaginative range of appropriate sources has been consulted, or data has been gathered, and relevant consulted, or data has been gathered, and relevant material has been carefully selected. The investigation material has been carefully selected. The investigation has been well plannedhas been well planned.”


Criterion C in EconomicsCriterion C in Economics

““Wherever possible, primary sources Wherever possible, primary sources should be used, with secondary should be used, with secondary sources as evidential support.”sources as evidential support.”

Questions asked in surveys (when Questions asked in surveys (when used) should reflect appropriate and used) should reflect appropriate and relevant economic analysis.relevant economic analysis.

The essay should not include The essay should not include explanation of economic theory that is explanation of economic theory that is not applied to answer the research not applied to answer the research question. question.


Criterion D—Knowledge and understanding of the topic studied

[4 marks] “Where the research question does not lend itself to a systematic investigation in the subject in which the essay is registered, the maximum level that can be awarded is 2.”

To score 4 on this criteria: “The essay demonstrates a very good The essay demonstrates a very good knowledge and understanding of the topic knowledge and understanding of the topic studied. Where appropriate, the essay clearly studied. Where appropriate, the essay clearly and precisely locates the investigation in an and precisely locates the investigation in an academic context.academic context.”


A note on ‘academic context’A note on ‘academic context’

““defined as the current state of the defined as the current state of the field of study under investigation. field of study under investigation. However, this is to be understood in However, this is to be understood in relation to what can reasonably be relation to what can reasonably be expected of a pre-university student expected of a pre-university student […], to obtain a level 4, […] […], to obtain a level 4, […] comprehensive knowledge is not comprehensive knowledge is not required” required”


Criterion D in EconomicsCriterion D in Economics

In depth knowledge of the topic In depth knowledge of the topic should be demonstrated.should be demonstrated.

Diagrams should be correctly Diagrams should be correctly labeled and explained.labeled and explained. The explanation of diagrams should The explanation of diagrams should

include an explanation of the include an explanation of the underpinning theories, assumptions, underpinning theories, assumptions, etc.etc.

Assessment CriteriaAssessment CriteriaCriterion E—Reasoned argument

[4 marks]“The extent to which the essay uses the material collected to present ideas in a logical and coherent manner, and develops a reasoned argument in relation to the research question. Where the research question does not lend itself to a systematic investigation in the subject in which the essay is registered, the maximum level that can be awarded for this criterion is 2”

To score 4 on this criteria: “Ideas are presented clearly and in a logical and coherent manner. The essay succeeds in developing a reasoned and convincing argument in relation to the research question.”


Criterion E in EconomicsCriterion E in Economics

““It should be evident throughout the It should be evident throughout the essay that the research question is essay that the research question is being answered. being answered. Relevant economic theory, concepts Relevant economic theory, concepts and data/information must be and data/information must be integrated in a logical and coherent integrated in a logical and coherent manner. A valid and persuasive manner. A valid and persuasive argument needs to be developed in argument needs to be developed in a clear and structured way, with a clear and structured way, with some awareness that there may be some awareness that there may be alternative viewpoints.”alternative viewpoints.”


Criterion F—Application of analytical and evaluative skills appropriate to the subject

[4 marks]

To score 4 on this criteria: “The essay shows effective and sophisticated application of appropriate analytical andevaluative skills.”


Criterion F in EconomicsCriterion F in Economics

Collected data/ information should be Collected data/ information should be examined using economic theoriesexamined using economic theories

An awareness of assumptions that have been An awareness of assumptions that have been made, and the possible limitations of the made, and the possible limitations of the various arguments presented should be various arguments presented should be demonstrated.demonstrated.

Only theories/ diagrams, which are relevant Only theories/ diagrams, which are relevant to the research question should be usedto the research question should be used

Real data should be used on diagrams Real data should be used on diagrams wherever possible. When real values are wherever possible. When real values are known, they should be shown.known, they should be shown.


Criterion G—Use of language appropriate to the subject

[4 marks]

To score 4 on this criteria: “The language used communicates clearly and precisely. Terminology appropriate to the subject is used accurately, with skill and understanding.”


Criterion G in EconomicsCriterion G in Economics

Economic terminology should be Economic terminology should be used appropriately and terms used appropriately and terms requiring a definition should be requiring a definition should be precisely defined.precisely defined.


Criterion H—Conclusion [2 marks]“The extent to which the essay incorporates a conclusion that is relevant to the research question and is consistent with the evidence presented in the essay.”

To score 2 on this criteria: “An effective conclusion is clearly stated; it is relevant to the research question and consistentwith the evidence presented in the essay. It should include unresolved questions where appropriate to the subject concerned.”


Criterion H in EconomicsCriterion H in Economics

No new material should be No new material should be introduced in the conclusion.introduced in the conclusion.

Any limitations or biases should Any limitations or biases should be discussed. be discussed.


Criterion I—Formal presentation [4 marks] “[T]he layout, organization, appearance and formal elements of the essay consistently follow a standard format. The formal elements are: title page, table of content, page numbers, illustrative material, quotations, documentation (including references, citations and bibliography) and appendices (if used).”

To score 4 on this criteria:


The essay is less than 4000 words. There is a title page.All pages are numbered.There is a table of contents.The illustrative material is appropriate, well

set out and used effectively.The bibliography includes all, and only, those works, which have been consulted.The references are set out in a consistent standard format. If there is an appendix, it only contains information that is required in support of the

text.

• the abstract• acknowledgments• the contents page• maps, charts, diagrams, annotated

illustrations and tables• equations, formulas and calculations• citations/references (whether

parenthetical or numbered)• footnotes or endnotes• the bibliography• appendices.

Word Count does not include:


Criterion J—Abstract [2 marks] “[T]o state clearly the research question that was investigated, how the investigation was undertaken and the conclusion(s) of the essay”.

To score 2 on this criteria: “the abstract clearly states all the elements listed above.”


Criterion J in EconomicsCriterion J in Economics

The abstract should include all The abstract should include all the stated elements.the stated elements.

Students are not penalized if the Students are not penalized if the research question is poor under research question is poor under this criterion. this criterion.


Criterion K—Holistic judgment [4 marks]“The purpose of this criteria is to assess the qualities that distinguish an essay from the average, such as intellectual initiative, depth of understanding and insight .”

To score 4 on this criteria: “The essay shows considerable evidence of such qualities.”


Criterion K in EconomicsCriterion K in Economics

Intellectual initiative could be judged Intellectual initiative could be judged based on:based on:

The choice of an original topicThe choice of an original topic

Undertaking appropriate primary researchUndertaking appropriate primary research

Constructing a meaningful survey with an Constructing a meaningful survey with an appropriate sample or carrying out good appropriate sample or carrying out good interviews with relevant people.interviews with relevant people.

Drawing a meaningful conclusionDrawing a meaningful conclusion

Criterion K in EconomicsCriterion K in Economics

Insight and depth of understanding Insight and depth of understanding could be judged based on:could be judged based on:

Making a balanced conclusion Making a balanced conclusion

Showing an awareness of limitations Showing an awareness of limitations of research and evaluation of the of research and evaluation of the relevant economic theoriesrelevant economic theories

The viva voceThe viva voce

A short (10-15 minutes) interview A short (10-15 minutes) interview between the supervisor and the between the supervisor and the student at the end of the extended student at the end of the extended essay process. Its purpose is to :essay process. Its purpose is to : check for plagiarism/malpracticecheck for plagiarism/malpractice reflect on successes/ difficulties as reflect on successes/ difficulties as

well as what has been learnedwell as what has been learned help the supervisor write his report help the supervisor write his report

(criterion K)(criterion K)

Examples from IBO guide Examples from IBO guide

I am not clear what you mean on page xxx. You quote I am not clear what you mean on page xxx. You quote Y: could you explain a little more about what this tells Y: could you explain a little more about what this tells us?us?

On page *** you cite Z. I couldn’t find a reference (for On page *** you cite Z. I couldn’t find a reference (for example website). Could you tell me more about it?example website). Could you tell me more about it?

What has been the high and low points of the research What has been the high and low points of the research and writing process? and writing process?

What were the most interesting aspects of the process? What were the most interesting aspects of the process? Did you discover anything that surprised you?Did you discover anything that surprised you?

What have you learned through writing the essay? Is What have you learned through writing the essay? Is there any advice you would want to pass on to there any advice you would want to pass on to someone just starting out an extended essay?someone just starting out an extended essay?

Is there anything else that you would particularly like me Is there anything else that you would particularly like me to mention in my report?to mention in my report?

Group 1 EssaysGroup 1 EssaysStudents should put the category in which they have presented their essay Students should put the category in which they have presented their essay alongside the subject in which it is registered on the cover sheet of the alongside the subject in which it is registered on the cover sheet of the extended essayextended essay

Category 1—Studies of a literary Category 1—Studies of a literary work(s) originally written in the work(s) originally written in the language in which the essay is language in which the essay is presentedpresented

Category 2—Studies of a literary Category 2—Studies of a literary work(s) originally written in the work(s) originally written in the language of the essay compared language of the essay compared with literary work(s) originally written with literary work(s) originally written in another languagein another language

Category 3—Studies in language.Category 3—Studies in language.

Group 2 EssaysGroup 2 EssaysStudents should put the category in which they have presented their essay Students should put the category in which they have presented their essay alongside the subject in which it is registered on the cover sheet of the alongside the subject in which it is registered on the cover sheet of the extended essayextended essay

Students may not write a group 2 Students may not write a group 2 extended essay in a language that extended essay in a language that they are offering as a language A1 for they are offering as a language A1 for their diplomatheir diploma Category 1—LanguageCategory 1—Language Category 2—Culture and society (A or B)Category 2—Culture and society (A or B)

A: essays of a sociocultural nature with an A: essays of a sociocultural nature with an impact on the language impact on the language

B: essays of a general cultural nature based B: essays of a general cultural nature based on specific cultural artifactson specific cultural artifacts

Category 3—Literature.Category 3—Literature.

World Studies EEWorld Studies EEsource: Presentation by Helen James on the OCCsource: Presentation by Helen James on the OCC

The WSE is an EE in at least 2 subjects.The WSE is an EE in at least 2 subjects. The WSE is an in-depth interdisciplinary The WSE is an in-depth interdisciplinary

study of an issue of global significance.study of an issue of global significance. Subject Subject topic topic RQ RQ TopicTopic local context local context 2 or more 2 or more

subjects are chosen to get a better subjects are chosen to get a better grasp of the issue.grasp of the issue.

TopicsTopics

Climate ChangeClimate Change Global Food CrisisGlobal Food Crisis TechnologyTechnology Cultural ExchangeCultural Exchange TerrorismTerrorism MigrationMigration Global HealthGlobal Health Energy securityEnergy security

Developing a Research QuestionDeveloping a Research Question

Topic of global significanceTopic of global significance In a local contextIn a local context

small scalesmall scale Clear rationaleClear rationale

Explain the significance /benefit of an Explain the significance /benefit of an interdisciplinary approachinterdisciplinary approach

Select IB DisciplinesSelect IB Disciplines Examples of RQs: Examples of RQs:

a zero carbon footprint city policy in a zero carbon footprint city policy in DenmarkDenmark

A new clean energy technology used in A new clean energy technology used in a village in Indiaa village in India

Interdisciplinary Research Interdisciplinary Research PurposePurpose

Why have the disciplines been chosenWhy have the disciplines been chosen Disciplinary GroundingDisciplinary Grounding

Understanding of the concepts and Understanding of the concepts and theories of the disciplines usedtheories of the disciplines used

Integration of DisciplinesIntegration of Disciplines To get more than just the sum of their To get more than just the sum of their

partsparts ThoughtfulnessThoughtfulness

Reflecting on the usefulness of the Reflecting on the usefulness of the disciplinary tools useddisciplinary tools used

RRS: Research Reflection SpaceRRS: Research Reflection Space

It is highly recommended that It is highly recommended that students build an RRS as part of students build an RRS as part of their research processtheir research process Blog, or notebook where theyBlog, or notebook where they

record ideasrecord ideas take notes on readingstake notes on readings gather media clips on topicgather media clips on topic reflect on interviews, data and reflect on interviews, data and

emerging findingsemerging findings

RRS and Viva VoceRRS and Viva Voce

The RRS allows students to candidly The RRS allows students to candidly reflect on the issue and how it reflect on the issue and how it relates to their own views, values relates to their own views, values and aspirations as global citizens.and aspirations as global citizens.

Students should bring samples of Students should bring samples of their RRS to their Viva Vocetheir RRS to their Viva Voce

Viva VoceViva Voce What was learned from topicWhat was learned from topic What does it mean to be internationally What does it mean to be internationally

mindedminded How will the work affect student’s civic How will the work affect student’s civic

actionaction

The EndThe End......

extended essay

Documents

secondary research

chosen topic

primary research

historical topic

quality management techniques

antibacterial agents

introduction of tqm

choice of topic