fad diets kristen strong, r.d.. according to a recent survey… 26 percent of women and 19 percent...

Fad Diets

Kristen Strong, R.D.

According to a recent survey…

26 percent of women and 19 percent of men in the United States said they were on a diet.

60 percent of U.S. adults say "they would like to lose 20 pounds"

http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/diet.fitness/01/10/diets.survey.reut/index.html

America on the Scale

Overweight Adults: 65% (120 million) Obese Adults: 31% Children age 6-19 who are overweight or at risk

of becoming overweight: 30% Overweight children with at least one

overweight parent have an 80% chance of being overweight as adults

Average American gains 1-2 pounds a year through adulthood

Kristen Strong

1. What % of U.S. adults are overweight?2. What % of U.S. adults are obese?3. How many children age 6-19 are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight?4. If an overweight child has at least one overweight parent... what is their chance of being overweight as an adult? %age?5. How many pounds does the average american gain a year?

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)

If so many want to lose weight and need to…Why are we failing to do so?

Set Point Theory

Set Point is a particular weight range your body fights to maintain

Contributing Factors:Heredity, Age, Health, and Activity Level

Your body defends this set point by altering:Metabolism, Efficiency in burning calories, and

Intensity of hunger

Set Point

Increases with: Age Chronic Dieting Chronic Overeating Long-term Depression Maintaining a weight above set-point

Decreases with: Exercise Nicotine Some drugs

The Weight Cycling Effect of Repeated Dieting

“Each round of dieting is followed by a rebound of weight to a higher level than before.”

Understanding Nutrition, 8th Understanding Nutrition, 8th ed. ed.

Pg 262Pg 262

Recommendations for Healthy Weight Loss No more than1 to 2 pounds a week “Rapid weight loss may cause serious health problems.”

Nausea, headaches, and dizziness Death

“Rapid weight loss is a loss of more than 1 ½ to 2 pounds per week or weight loss of more than 1 percent of body weight per week after the second week of participation in a weight-loss program”

It is important to consult a physician prior to beginning any weight-loss program.

Understanding Nutrition, 8th ed. Pg 261

FAD DIETS:“Anyone who wants to believe in them is forced to wonder how the thousands of scientists working on obesity research over the past century could possibly have missed such obvious connections.”

Understanding Nutrition, Understanding Nutrition, 8th ed. Pg 2518th ed. Pg 251

What is a Fad Diet?

A fad diet is a weight loss plan or aid that promises dramatic results. These diets don't offer long-term success, and they are usually not very healthy. American Academy of Family Physicians

American Heart Association

“We want to inform the public about misleading weight-loss claims. Many of these diets — like the infamous Cabbage Soup Diet — can undermine your health, cause physical discomfort and lead to disappointment when you regain weight soon after you lose it…


“Quick-weight-loss diets usually overemphasize one particular food or type of food. They violate the first principle of good nutrition: Eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods. If you are able to stay on such a diet for more than a few weeks, you may develop nutritional deficiencies, because no one type of food has all the nutrients you need for good health. The Cabbage Soup Diet mentioned above is an example. This so-called fat-burning soup is eaten mostly with fruits and vegetables. The diet supposedly helps heart patients lose 10–17 pounds in seven days before surgery. There are no "superfoods." That's why you should eat moderate amounts from all food groups, not large amounts of a few special foods…


“These diets also violate a second important principle of good nutrition: Eating should be enjoyable. These diets are so monotonous and boring that it's almost impossible to stay on them for long periods.”

http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4584

How to identify Fad Diets

Promise dramatic, rapid weight loss Promote diets that are nutritionally

unbalanced or extremely low in calories Use liquid formulas rather than foods. Attempt to make clients dependent upon

special foods or devices. Fail to encourage permanent, realistic

lifestyle changes.Understanding Nutrition, 8th ed. Pg 253


Misrepresent salespeople as “counselors” supposedly qualified to give guidance in nutrition and or general health.

Collect large sums of money at the start or require that clients sign contracts for expensive, long-term programs.

Fail to inform clients of the risks associated with weight loss in general or the specific program being promoted.



Promote unproven or spurious weight-loss aids such as starch blockers, diuretics, sauna belts, body wraps, passive exercise, ear stapling, acupuncture, electric muscle-stimulating devices, amino acid supplements, “unique” ingredients, etc

Fail to provide for weight maintenance after the program ends.


If fad diets don't work, why are they so popular? “People are often willing to try anything that

promises to help them lose weight because they want to look or feel better, or because they are worried about getting weight-related diseases. Companies that promote fad diets take advantage of this fact. They appeal to people by promising weight loss that's very quick and easy. Many people prefer to try the quick fix of a fad diet instead of making the effort to lose weight through long-term changes in their eating and exercise habits.”

American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Website: http://familydoctor.org/784.xml

If fad diets don't work, why are they so popular? “Fad diets also become popular because many of them do

work for a short time. In many cases, this is because when you stop eating certain types of food or eat “special” combinations of foods, you are getting fewer calories than you normally would. You are also paying more attention to what you are eating. However, it’s likely that much of the weight you lose is from water and lean muscle, not body fat. Also, most people are not able to keep up with the demands of a diet that strictly limits their food choices or requires them to eat the same foods over and over again. People who use fad diets usually end up gaining back any weight that they lost.”


Top 10 Fad Diets Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolutionby Robert C. Atkins, M.D. Mastering the Zoneby Barry Sears, Ph.D. Eat Right For Your Type: The Individualized Diet Solution to Staying Healthy, Living Longer and Achieving Yo

ur Ideal Weightby Peter J. D’Adamo, M.D.

Sugar Busters!: Cut Sugar to Trim Fatby H. Leighton Steward, Morrison C. Bethea, M.D., Sam S. Andrews, M.D., Ralph O. Brennan, Luis A. Balart, M.D.

Eat More, Weigh Lessby Dean Ornish, M.D. The Pritikin Weight Loss Breakthrough: Five Easy Steps to Outsmart Your Fat Instinctby Robert Pritikin. The New Cabbage Soup Dietby Margaret Danbrot The Grapefruit Dietby originator unknown The New Beverly Hills Dietby Judy Mazel Neander-Thin: Eat Like a Caveman to Achieve a Lean, Strong, Healthy Bodyby Ray Audette

Categories of Fad Diets

Controlled Carbohydrates High Carbohydrate & Low Fat Controlled Portion Sizes Food Combining Liquid Diets Diet Pills & Herbal Remedies

Controlled Carbohydrates

Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution The Carbohydrate Addict’s Diet Protein Power Sugar Busters The Zone


High Carbohydrate & Low Fat

Dr. Dean Ornish: Eat More, Weigh Less The Good Carbohydrate Revolution The Pritkin Principle


Controlled Portion Sizes

Dr. Shapiro’s Picture Perfect Weight Loss Volumetrics Weight-Control Plan


Food Combining

Fit for Life Suzanne Somers’ Somersizing


Liquid Diets

Cambridge diet Slim-Fast


Diet Pills & Herbal Remedies

Dexatrim Natural Hydroxycut Metabolife 356


Other

Eat Right For Your Type: The Blood Type Diet


Atkins Diet– “Carbohydrates are bad…”

Picture from: http://www.faddiet.com/atkinsdiet.html

Atkins’ Diet Timeline

1972: “Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution”

1992: “Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution”

What’s the difference?

Diet % Carbohydrate % Protein % Fat Calories

Current Diet Recommendations 55 or more 15 30 or

less

500-1,000 below usual daily intake

Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution

10 30 60 1,500 per day

What’s the appeal?

Turns current diet recommendations upside down

Eat as much fat, meat, and dairy as you like Ignore fruits, vegetables, and grains “Steaks without the potatoes, ribs without the

coleslaw, and meatballs without the pasta.”Understanding Nutrition, 8th ed. Pg 251

What’s the appeal?

Blame current diet recommendations for our obesity epidemic

Facts: Obesity has risenFat intake has dropped from 36 to 34 percentBUT… energy intake increased by 200 kcals a

day actual fat intake has increased by 4 grams a day!


Why does it work?

Weight loss results because of a reduction in calorie intake

Protein is the most satiating…people feel more full… they eat less (it’s the calories)

Provides a guide… eliminating decision making

What are the risks?

Nausea Fatigue Constipation Low blood pressure Elevated uric acid Stale foul taste in the mouth


What are the risks?

Shift from lean body mass to fat High protein usually means high fat! Diets

high in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol are risk factors for heart disease and atherosclerosis

Without fruits, vegetables, and grains the diet lacks fiber, vitamins and minerals.


National Nutrition Month 07’

American Dietetics Association: www.eatright.org

Key Messages: National Nutrition Month 07’ “Develop an eating plan for lifelong health.

Too often people adopt the latest food fad rather than focusing on overall health. Get back to basics and use the Dietary Guidelines 2005 and MyPyramid as your guide to healthy eating.”


Key Messages: National Nutrition Month 07’ “Choose foods sensibly by looking at the

big picture. A single food or meal doesn’t make or break a healthful diet. When consumed in moderation in the appropriate portion size, all foods can fit into a healthful diet.”


Key Messages: National Nutrition Month 07’ “Food and nutrition misinformation can have

harmful effects on your health and well-being, as well as your wallet. Registered dietitians are uniquely qualified to communicate current and emerging science-based nutrition information and are an instrumental part of developing a diet plan that is unique to your particular needs.”


Key Messages: National Nutrition Month 07’ “Learn how to spot a food fad.

Unreasonable or exaggerated claims that eating (or not eating) specific foods, nutrient supplements or combinations of foods may cure disease or offer quick weight loss are key features of fad diets.”


Key Messages: National Nutrition Month 07’ “Find your balance between food and

physical activity. Regular physical activity is important for your overall health and fitness plus it helps control body weight, promotes a feeling of well-being and reduces the risk of chronic diseases.”


Weight Loss Tips Emphasize nutrient dense foods Eat small portions of foods at each meal Share a restaurant meal with a friend or take home half for lunch

tomorrow Make legumes, grains, vegetables, and fruits central to your diet

plan Follow the Dietary Guidelines Eat slowly Limit high-fat foods Limit concentrated sweets and alcoholic beverages Drink plenty of water Participate in physical activity regularly Limit liquid calories: choose whole fruits rather than

juices, and avoid sugary soft drinks and alcoholUnderstanding Nutrition, 8th ed. Pgs 268-269

Metabolism during dietingand fasting

fad diets kristen strong, r.d.. according to a recent survey… 26 percent of women and 19 percent...

Documents

particular weight

weight loss plan

weekrapid weight loss

weightloss programit

rebound of weight

percent of body weight

overweight children

misleading weightloss