fairfax county park authority policy...

12055 Government Center Parkway Fairfax, VA 22035-1118 Phone 703/324-8700

Fairfax County Park Authority

Policy Manual

Harold L. Strickland, Chairman Timothy K. White, Acting Director March 2008

Fairfax County Park Authority Policy Manual


Table of Contents

Policy Manual - March 2008

Policy 105Policy 106Policy 108Policy 109

PagePreface iiiObjectives iv

Objective 100.................................................................................................................. 100.1Policy 101 Countywide Park Planning Framework 100.2Policy 101.1 Land Acquisition Criteria......................................................... 100.4Policy 101.2 Guidelines for County Development Review Process............ 100.6Policy 101.3 Greenways, Including Stream Valleys.................................... 100.7Policy 102 Park Planning Process 100. 13Policy 103 Park Planning and Development 100. 15Policy 103.1 General Criteria for Site Development 100. 18Policy 103.2 Trails 100. 19Policy 103.3 Accessibility 100.20Policy 103.4 Energy Management 100.21Policy 104 Provision of Park and Recreation Facilities

on School Grounds 100.22Public and Private Sector Partnerships 100.24Naming of Parks , 100.25Public Hearings 100.26Athletic Field Development Agreement 100.27

Objective 200 200.1Policy 201 Natural Resources 200.2Policy 202 Wildlife Conflict Resolution 200.5Policy 203 Cultural Resources 200..7Policy 204 Countywide Heritage Resource Archaeology 200.9Policy 205 Historic Restoration 200.10Policy 206 Historic Collections 200.11Policy 207 Live Animal Collections 200.13

Objective 300 300. 1Policy 301 Protection of Lands and Facilities 300.2Policy 302 Easements 300.4Policy 303 Telecommunications Sites : 300.6Policy 304 Stormwater Projects on Parkland 300.8Policy 305 Sustainable Management Practices 300.10Policy 306 Maintenance 300.11Policy 307 Disposal of Land or Facilities 300.12

Objective 400 400.1Policy 401 Events .400.2Policy 402 Athletic Field Use .400.3Policy 402.1 Park and Field Adoption Programs 400.4Policy 402.2 Adopt-A-Field Storage Facilities on Park Property 400.5Policy 403 User Fees .400.6Policy 404 Safety and Property Security .400.7Policy 405 Rental Properties on Parklands .400.8Policy 406 Signs and Displays 400.10Policy 407 Construction of Donated Facilities/Structures on Park Land .400.11Policy 408 Memorials in Parks .400.12

Fairfax County Park Authority Policy Manual - March 2008

Table of Contents (continuation)

PageObjective 500 : 500.1

Policy 501 Operations--General Statement 500.2Policy 502 Communication With Citizens 500.3Policy 503 Director and Park Authority Relationship 500.5Policy 504 Personnel. 500.6Policy 505 Indemnification of Officers, Employees and Volunteers 500.7Policy 506 Standards of Conduct 500. 9Policy 507 Volunteers 500.11Policy 508 Length of Service Pass 500.12Policy 509 Contractual Services Procurement. 500.13Policy 510 Fiscal Plans 500.14Policy 511 Fund Raising 500.15Policy 512 Green Procurement 500.16

Appendices

Appendix 1.Appendix 2.Appendix 3.Appendix 4.Appendix 5.Appendix 6.

Appendix 7.Appendix 8.Appendix 9.Appendix 10.Appendix 11Appendix 12.Appendix 13.Appendix 14.Appendix 15.

Park Authorities Act A-1Park Authority Ordinance A-1 0Park Authority Ordinance as Amended A-12Park Authority Bylaws A-20Park Authority Bylaws as Amended A-23Memorandum of Understanding Between the Board of Supervisorsand the Park Authority A-24

Park Regulations A-32Adopt-A-Field Maintenance Agreement A-41Adopt-A-Field Maintenance Agreement--Full Adoption A-46Adopt-A-Park Maintenance Agreement. A-49Park Classification System A-53National Trust for Historic Preservation Guidelines A-58Curatorial Care of Archaeological Objects A-61Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations in Virginia A-90Guidelines and Procedures for Historic Collections Management. A-107

ii

Fairfax County Park Authority Policy Manual – March 2008

Preface This manual is designed to provide guidance to the Fairfax County Park Authority Board in arriving at decisions in accordance with the goals, purposes, objectives and policies of the Authority, and to the staff of the Authority in determining appropriate procedures for implementing those decisions. Park Authority policies are guidelines which allow discretion and a latitude of choice or judgment to be exercised, within legal bounds, depending on different circumstances, situations or conditions. Indiscriminate exceptions to Park Authority policies are to be avoided. A five-year review and updates are necessary to ensure that the objectives and policies reflect changing county needs; therefore, objectives and policies may be revised, added, or deleted upon action of the Park Authority Board. The Authority was created by action of the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, at its meeting on December 6, 1950, by Resolution, in accordance with the provisions of the Park Authorities Act (Sec. 15.1-1228 to 15.1-1238.1, Ch. 27, Code of Virginia).1 Later ordinances affecting the Authority have been adopted by the Board of Supervisors. The Park Authority Board has adopted By-Laws for the conduct of Authority business. Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008

iii

1 Title 15.1 of the Virginia Code was recodified and renumbered effective December 1, 1997.


iv

Objectives 100 Provide local park lands and programs for the conservation of environmental and

cultural resources, recreational facilities needed for current and future citizens, and seek maximum citizen participation in the planning and development process.

200 Protect and preserve significant and sensitive natural and cultural resources in

accordance with adopted criteria and standards and adherence with natural and heritage resource management guidelines and Countywide Policy Plan obligations so that these resources may be handed on to future generations.

300 Ensure the long term protection, preservation and sustainability of park

resources. 400 Provide recreation services and operate the park system consistent with Park

Authority goals and objectives and the need of citizens for quality programs and services, providing a number and diversity of programs and services in compliance with all applicable standards, ordinances and good management practices.

500 Administer the Park Authority within its funding and procedural capabilities and

according to the needs of the citizens, and employ competent staff and volunteers, treat them with respect, and compensate them fairly.


Page 100.1

Objective 100

Provide local park lands and programs for the conservation of environmental and cultural resources, recreational facilities needed for current and future citizens, and seek maximum citizen participation in the planning and development process.


Page 100.2

Policy 101 Countywide Park Planning Framework The Park Authority shall be guided by the following general policies for the acquisition and development of public parks and for the conservation of significant natural and cultural resources. As appropriate, other public agencies and private property owners shall be involved. 1. Plan, acquire, develop and maintain parks and recreational facilities in accordance with

adopted criteria and standards. Acquire and develop the following types of parks.

Neighborhood Parks Residential Neighborhood Parks Urban Parks

Community Parks District Parks Countywide Parks

Natural Resource Parks Historic Sites/Archaeological Parks Stream Valley Parks Multiple Resource Parks Special Purpose Parks/Areas

2. Balance the delivery of programs for stewardship of the public lands and provision of

recreation services. 3. Achieve a balance of parkland facilities throughout the County based on the desires of

the community as a whole and on population distribution and growth. 4. Enhance existing recreation and resource protection opportunities through acquisition of

adjacent lands wherever feasible. Acquisition and development of parklands shall be achieved through a combination of public/private mechanisms including, but not limited to, voluntary dedication and/or donation of land, fee simple purchase, purchase of development rights, wetland mitigation funds, purchase of land with leaseback arrangements, development of negotiated bidding agreements and other appropriate means.

5. Promote incentives for private landowners to preserve open space and protect

ecological and cultural resources through the use of conservation easements, land-use valuation, and other programs designed to ameliorate pressures which force the conversion of real estate to more intensive uses.

6. Use the park system, in conjunction with the Environmental Quality Corridor (EQC) and

Countywide Trails system, to establish an integrated network of greenways to conserve open space, protect wildlife habitat, riparian corridors, water quality and aesthetic values, control flooding and erosion and provide continuity of non-motorized access between park lands, residential communities, employment and commercial centers, and transit destinations. Acquire those segments of EQCs needed to complete the public stream


Policy 101 Countywide Park Planning Framework (continuation)

Page 100.3

valley park system. Where land acquisition may not be feasible or desirable, work with private landowners to protect identified resources through voluntary means such as conservation easements and cooperative agreements.

7. Cooperate with the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority in its mission to acquire,

plan, develop and maintain regional parks and facilities to serve the population of Northern Virginia.

8. Coordinate the planning, development, protection and management of park resources

with other County, municipal, regional, state and federal agencies. 9. Increase citizen understanding and appreciation of environmental, cultural and

horticultural values through interpretive and educational programming and demonstration projects within the park system.

10. Provide opportunities for citizens to participate in the planning, development and

operation of parklands, facilities and programs. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


0.4

Policy 101.1 Land Acquisition Criteria A. The Park Authority shall have an acreage standard for development of recreational facilities.

1. The Park Authority shall plan for a minimum of 15 acres of parkland per 1000 population within a 15-20 minute drive or 3-7 mile service area for combined development of Neighborhood, Community and District Parks in accordance with adopted criteria and standards and to provide aesthetic open space and required buffers from adjacent land uses. This amount of land is necessary to accommodate the combination of recreational facilities typically desired by Fairfax County residents at use levels reported in the 1993 Fairfax Recreation Demand Survey. This acreage standard shall be periodically reviewed and evaluated in conjunction with future Demand Surveys.

2. Subject to park classification criteria and site conceptual development plans,

identified needs within the service area may be met in various combinations of existing or newly acquired park sites or school sites.

3. Acreage of homeowner association common open space, developed with

neighborhood park facilities, may be applied in determining the adequacy of park and recreation areas to serve that residential development. Up to 7 acres of elementary school sites and 10 acres of middle and high school sites developed with outdoor recreation facilities within the designated service area also may be applied in meeting this standard. Acreage of Countywide Parks managed for resource protection (Natural Resource Parks, Historic Site/Archaeological Parks and Stream Valley/Greenway Parks) and designated Special Purpose Areas shall not be applied in meeting this standard. However, where constraints of land availability preclude acquisition of additional land for development of Neighborhood, Community or District Parks to meet this standard, consideration will be given to crediting available open space and planned facilities at Multiple Purpose Countywide Parks.

B. The Park Authority shall have criteria for acquisition and/or protection of natural and

cultural resource sites.

1. As a matter of policy, the uniqueness and value of natural and cultural resources, as determined by adopted criteria, are the primary requisites for acquisition and appropriate development and use levels.

2. Protection and preservation of these resources shall be achieved through a

combination of donation, dedication or acquisition of fee simple property or conservation easements.


Policy 101.1 Land Acquisition Criteria (continuation)

Page 100.5

C. The Park Authority shall have criteria for acceptance of gifts of real property.

1. Land proposed for donation to the Park Authority is subject to the same standards and procedures for evaluation and inspection as property considered for fee simple purchase, including any potential deed restrictions and conformance with generally accepted professional practices for appraisal, environmental assessment and liability for site contamination.

2. Suitability for development and management of the site in accordance with the Park

Authority Park Classification System, Program Criteria and Standards and current Needs Assessments also shall be a consideration in decisions to accept donations of real property.

_ _________________ Reviewed and adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.6

Policy 101.2 Guidelines for County Development Review Process

The Fairfax County Park Authority shall participate in the Department of Planning and Zoning's Development Review Process to pursue both required and voluntary dedication, development and renovation of lands and facilities for parks and recreation to help ensure an equitable distribution of these resources commensurate with development throughout the County. In doing so, the Park Authority shall: 1. Encourage development of neighborhood park facilities on private open space in

quantity and diversity consistent with Park Authority and County standards; or seek mitigation of development impacts through contributions to neighborhood park facilities in the vicinity of new development. As an option in larger developments, encourage the provision of Neighborhood Parks as a component of the new residential community. The extent of the facilities or contribution to be provided shall be in general accord with adopted criteria and standards for Neighborhood Parks.

2. Encourage the mitigation of the cumulative impacts of development which exacerbate or

create deficiencies of Community and/or District Parks in the vicinity. The extent of facilities, land or contributions to be provided should recognize the impact of identified facility needs as determined by adopted County criteria and standards.

3. Assess the impact on Neighborhood and Community Parks in the areas of the County

that are being considered for replanning to higher densities. Offset any impact of the proposed development beyond the capacity of existing facilities. At the replanning stage, give attention to providing land for park purposes to offset the impacts of development and trails to link park facilities with the Countywide Trails System.

4. Seek dedication to the Park Authority of lands that meet the criteria for Greenways as

defined by the Park Authority's Natural Resources and Greenway Programs, the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Ordinance and other applicable ordinance.

5. Encourage developers to cooperatively develop public Urban Parks, trails and other

recreational facilities in the Tysons Corner urban center, suburban centers and community business centers.

6. Identify "park partnership" or "pooled" sites to be planned as community serving park

and recreation sites created through a combination of public and private resources including land dedication from one or more developers, fee simple purchase and contributions for facility development.

7. Apply appropriate design standards to al privately developed recreational facilities

proposed for inclusion in the public park system. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.7

Policy 101.3 Greenways, Including Stream Valleys The Fairfax County Park Authority shall provide leadership for establishment and management of an integrated network of Greenways within the County to conserve open space, to protect sensitive environmental and cultural resources including wildlife habitat, riparian corridors, water quality, archaeological and historic sites and aesthetic values, to control flooding and erosion, and to provide continuity of non-motorized access between places where citizens and visitors live, work and play. As defined in the Countywide Policy Plan, Greenways are "linear open space corridors which include and connect, parks and recreation sites, areas of significant and sensitive ecological and heritage (cultural) resource value, wildlife habitats, riparian corridors and Countywide trails with each other and with residential communities, employment and commercial areas and transit destinations. Designated Greenways may be comprised of one or several components which will provide the desired resource protection and/or continuity of non-motorized access to destinations throughout the County. They may be established along natural corridors such as Environmental Quality Corridors, along scenic roadways, urban sidewalks and plazas, or other natural or landscaped courses for pedestrian, bicycle or equestrian passage. In addition to publicly accessible parklands and trails, Greenways may also incorporate private open space managed for the protection of significant natural and heritage (cultural) resources under voluntary agreements with property owners." The Park Authority shall coordinate the establishment of the Countywide network of Greenways in accordance with the following guidelines: 1. Identify, plan and develop Greenways in cooperation with other county, regional, state and

federal agencies with jurisdiction within Fairfax County, pertinent citizen advisory groups and civic organizations, local businesses, and landowners. Institute and facilitate a "Greenways Partnership" to enhance recognition of, and communication between, cooperators.

2. Ensure the preservation, protection and appropriate management of significant and

sensitive environmental, ecological and cultural resources within Greenways through conformance with policies, standards and criteria identified in the Park Authority's Natural Resources, Cultural Resources and Greenways Programs as set forth in the Park Comprehensive Plan and supporting documents.

3. In accordance with adopted Greenway Plans, acquire designated parcels necessary to

complete the Greenways, especially those segments of Environmental Quality Corridors (EQCs) needed to complete the publicly accessible Stream Valley Parks.

4. Where land acquisition may not be feasible or desirable, work with landowners to protect

identified resources, and provide public access where appropriate, through


Policy 101.3 Greenways, Including Stream Valleys (continuation)

Page 100.8

5. voluntary means such as conservation and trail easements and/or cooperative agreements,

6. identify roadside segments of the Countywide Trails Plan which comprise Greenway trail

routes outside of public park lands and which are necessary to provide continuity of access throughout and between designated Greenways. Ensure that these segments are incorporated into Fairfax County and Commonwealth of Virginia transportation plans and developed and maintained through appropriate agencies outside the Park Authority.

The Greenways Program is grounded in the Stream Valley Park Plan, first adopted by the Fairfax County Park Authority in May 1973, and subsequently adopted by the Board of Supervisors as the basis for the Environmental Quality Corridor system. The Stream Valley Park Plan has played a major role in shaping development patterns in Fairfax County. The conditions that led to the creation of the Stream Valley Park system in 1973 were strikingly similar to those 25 years later that led to the Greenways Program, and there is a strong continuity in planning rationale. As stated in the Introduction of that historic document:

"Fairfax County lies on the fall line of the Piedmont Plateau and the Coastal Plain. The most prominent physiographic features are the valleys...[which] have structured the growth of the County since historic times and channeled commerce and development along the ridges leaving the valleys, for the most part, in their natural state. "It is a valid planning concept today to use natural topographic features to structure growth, but advanced technology in earth moving equipment and the pressures of development are producing an increasing disregard for natural barriers, and development is encroaching upon the valleys to an alarming degree with disastrous consequences, as evidenced in the Cameron Rum and Holmes Run-Tripps Run Watersheds."

The rapid growth of the 1960s prompted John Mastenbrook, representing the Fairfax County Federation of Citizen Associations, and Ella Mae Doyle, Park Authority Chairman, to formally request the Board of Supervisors to authorize a stream valley study. Subsequently, Barbara Hildreth, representing the County Trails Committee, influenced the incorporation of the trails element into the Stream Valley Plan, and the Environmental Quality Advisory Committee reviewed the study committee's findings. (John Mastenbrook was appointed to the Park Authority Board in 1967 and served until 1990). The U.S. Capper-Crampton Act provided funding for conserving stream valleys in the urbanizing Metropolitan Area to protect the land and water resources of the Potomac watershed. The stream valley study committee found that, while Maryland and the District of Columbia had taken full advantage of the Act, "Fairfax County's program was started late, and only a small part of the allocation to the County was obtained before funding under the Act was cut off. As a result, Fairfax County lags far behind Maryland and the District in stream valley acquisition."



Page 100.9

The study committee did note that under the County's first park bond referendum (1959), a substantial portion of the funds was allocated to stream valley acquisition and in the second five-year Capital Improvement Program (1966), 13 percent of the funding for land acquisition was allocated to stream valley lands. The Committee found that, although funding for this program anticipated matching funding for land acquisition from federal and state- sources, "a heavy reliance is placed upon dedication of land by developers." A County planning staff study of land dedication under the alternate density (cluster development) ordinance found that "the acreage coming to the County amounts to only 10 percent." The study committee concluded: "It is apparent that the current program for stream valley acquisition by the Park Authority is not one of planned acquisition but rather acquisition through dedication at the option of the developers, and that the acreage acquired through dedication under the existing ordinances will fall woefully short of providing an adequate stream valley park system." As a result of these findings, the Park Authority's Stream Valley Plan subcommittee was formed to provide new direction for the acquisition of a stream valley park system. The committee adopted the following guidelines:

"1. The conservation of land and water resources, flood control, provision of outdoor

recreation, and the structuring of growth all constitute a public purpose which would be served by placing the major stream valleys of Fairfax County in a stream valley park system.

"2. The stream valley consists of the stream, flood plain, and first valley slope on

either side of the flood plain running with the stream from source to point of confluence with a larger body of water. (Note: The Greenways concept expands upon the stream valley definition to include proximate significant natural, cultural and recreational resources.)

"3. The role of the valleys in Fairfax County should be to provide region serving

open space as a separator of concentrations of development. "4. Preservation or public taking lines should be based upon physiographic features

relating to the public purposes of item 1, and not upon arbitrary lines or boundaries.

"5. A basic stream valley park system for Fairfax County should be confined to the

main stream valley of the major streams within the County, and the inclusion in the system of lateral tributaries should be discretionary.

"6. The continuity of public access within the stream valley park system should be

regarded as imperative. "7. A classification system applicable to stretches of valley should be developed

which describes the valley in terms of physiographic features and appropriate



Page 100.10

recreational uses to serve as a planning guide. (Note: As defined in the 1996 Park Comprehensive Plan, Greenways are an element of the Natural Resources Program, linking larger Biodiversity Conservation Areas within the County. The primary classification instrument is the extent, diversity and environmental sensitivity of these resources. The Greenways Program also incorporates elements of the Countywide Trail System.)

"8. Public lands in the stream valleys should be regarded as a combined park and

conservation holding." The Park Authority Stream Valley Park Committee further clarified its vision as follows:

"We propose that the basic stream valley system be largely in public ownership and be comprised of the main stream of the major intra-county streams. It is proposed that the many lateral valleys which join the main streams and which in the aggregate exceed in acreage the main stream valleys, be retained largely in private ownership. The two types of ownership will be in many ways complimentary. The basic public main valley system would provide a countywide network with a continuity of public access which would offer a varied recreational experience as well as scenic control. The laterals, many of them equal of the main valley in natural beauty, offer the developers ample opportunity for a valley-oriented residential development in a natural setting . . . Public road or trail easements along the laterals to the main stream would offer a transitional access from the urban environment to the 'deep woods' of the main valley with its public recreational opportunities."

At their regular meeting on October 15, 1974, the Fairfax County Park authority adopted a policy of acquisition of the following listed Stream Valleys for planning purposes. The majority of the identified stream valleys currently provide the basis for Park Authority staff requests for land dedication through the County's Development Review Process (see Area Plans and the County Comprehensive Plan Map for specific locations). Those marked by an asterisk indicate priorities for Greenway planning and development:

The Difficult Run Stream Valley*, including: Captain Hickory Run from the vicinity of Oxfordshire Road Colvin Run from Wiehle Avenue Wolftrap Creek from Route 123 Difficult Run from Fox Mill Road Little Difficult Run from a point east of West Ox Road South Fork from a point closest to Vale Road

The Sugarland Run Stream Valley*, including:

Folly Lick Branch from Herndon Town Limit Sugarland Run from the Herndon Town Limit Offuts Branch to Sugarland Road



Page 100.11

Cub Run Stream Valley*, including: Big Rocky Run from near Doeforth Drive Frog Branch from Stringfellow Road Cub Run from Route 50 Flatlick Branch from Route 50 Flatlick Branch from Route 50 Cain Branch from Route 50 Elklick Run from Loudoun County

Popes Head Creek Stream Valley (Reclassified as Private Open Space in the 1992 Area III Plan), including:

Popes Head Creek from Route 654 Piney Branch from Hope Park Road Cattle Creek from popes Head Road

Pohick Creek Stream Valley*, including

Pohick Creek from near Zion Drive Rabbit Branch form near Whitefield Streets Sideburn Branch from Zion Drive Cherry Run from Lee Chapel Road Middle Run from Dam Site South Run from near Pohick Road north of Burke Lake Opossum Branch from north of Pohick Road

Accotink Creek Stream Valley*, including:

Accotink Creek from the City of Fairfax Long Branch from near the City of Fairfax

Little Hunting Creek Stream Valley

Little Hunting Creek from Route 1 North Branch from Paul Springs Branch Paul Springs Branch from White Oaks Park

Cameron Run Stream Valley*, including:

Turkeycock from Mason District Park Backlick from Wilberdale Park Holmes Run from Jefferson District Park Indian Run from Route 236

Dogue Creek Stream Valley, including:

Dogue Creek from near Tara Village Park

Pimmit Run Stream Valley*, including: Little Pimmit Run from Franklin Park Road Pimmit Run from Route 7



Page 100.12

Scotts Run Stream Valley, including: Scotts Run from Route 495 south of Route 123 Nichols Run (excluded by the Park Authority on September 2, 1975), including:

Nichols Run from Martin Redman Drive Jefferson Branch from Fairfax Drive

Horsepen Run Stream Valley, including:

Frying pan Branch from Monroe Street Horsepen Run from Ashburton Avenue Johnny Moore Creek Stream Valley (Reclassified as Private Open Space in 1992 Area III Plan), including: Johnny Moore Creek from Twin Lakes Golf Course

The Potomac River Shoreline* _________________________ Revised and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.13

Policy 102 Park Planning Process To achieve the long range goals and objectives of the Park Authority, to provide for the orderly growth, operation and maintenance of the park system and to meet the present and future needs of the citizenry, the Park Authority shall establish and implement an ongoing planning process incorporating the following components: The Park Comprehensive Plan constructs the framework for the Park Authority's governance and actions over a 10-15 year period. The Park Comprehensive Plan establishes long range goals and objectives, policies, and planning criteria and standards, including the Park Classification System. The Park Comprehensive Plan also defines Stewardship and Recreation Services Programs which provide the context for identifying countywide needs for natural and cultural resource protection, land acquisition, and provision of recreation facilities and programs. Stewardship Programs include: • Natural Resources • Cultural Resources • Greenways/Trails • Horticulture Recreation Services Programs include: • Outdoor Recreation • Athletic Fields • Golf • Indoor Recreation • Aquatics Strategic Plans provide direction for implementing the Park Comprehensive Plan by identifying strategies which are well defined in scope and achievable within successive five year time frames. The strategic planning element focuses attention on the external and internal environments within which the Park Authority will operate during the identified time period, including the political, economic, social and technological forces and trends which may be expected to influence the agency's decisions and ability to achieve stated objectives. Within this context and time frame, Strategic Plans identify priorities for land acquisition, resource management and park site planning and development, based on the countywide needs assessed in the Park Comprehensive Plan. Action Agendas for the Stewardship and Recreation Services Programs identify additional priorities for operations, maintenance and public programming. These priorities are then translated into the adopted Capital Improvement Program and phased through annual budget and staffing plans. Fiscal Plans identify the funding requirements and sources necessary to meet the priorities set forth in the Strategic Plans, including the five year Capital Improvement Program, and the annual operating budget cycles. See Fiscal Plans Policy 510. Park Planning and Development Processes guide the development of individual park sites owned by the Park Authority or managed under cooperative agreements. The planning process


Policy 102 Park Planning Process (continuation)

includes General Management Plans, Conceptual Development Plans, and Project Implementation Plans. Each plan provides an increasing level of detail and definition to the proposed management or development of the park. The existing conditions of each park and the focus of the planning process determine the level of detail to be provided by each plan and the extent of public involvement required. The Park Planning and Development policy provides a more detailed description of the planning process associated with each type of park site planning. Some plans may require County approval and include information regulated by the County Zoning Ordinance. Plan Review processes include participation in the County's cyclical review and updating of the Countywide Comprehensive Policy Plan and Area Plans, and also review and analysis of all applications for Plan Amendments, Rezonings and Site Plan Approval. These processes allow assessment of the impacts of proposed development on existing park lands and the need for additional park land and facilities in accordance with adopted standards. Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008

Page 100.14


Page 100.15

Policy 103 Park Planning and Development Planning for the development of parklands, including natural and cultural resource parks and sites administered by the Park Authority under cooperative agreement with other county agencies, herein identified as interim use "sites," shall be in accordance with the Park Planning Process policy and as follows: 1. The planning and development of parklands and facilities, and the periodic review and

revision of previously adopted plans, shall be ordered by the Park Authority on the basis of priorities identified in the Five Year Strategic Plan. Criteria for the type and extent of facility development shall be in accordance with Objective 1 of the Park Comprehensive Plan and the Park Classification System and the general criteria for site development.

2. Depending on the park site character, size and potential extent of development, the park

planning process may include a General Management Plan, Conceptual Development Plan and/or Project Implementation Plan and Site Plans and Construction Documents. As described below, each type of plan will provide an increasing amount of detail and definition for the development and management of the park. These four components of the process may be prepared either singly or in combination, depending on existing conditions of the site and the planning focus:

General Management Plans (GMPs) are planning and management documents that establish the park's purpose and classification and management framework. GMPs document existing site conditions and constraints, extent and character of natural and cultural resources, any existing facilities, description and location of proposed "management zones," demographic characteristics of potential park visitors, and recommendations for further planning.

Conceptual Development Plans (CDPs) describe the concept plan elements and design concerns, including the location of proposed development and management zones in relation to the existing natural, cultural and physical features of the site. Consistent with the established park classification, CDPs identify a range of recreational facilities that should be provided at the park based on desired visitor experiences and current recreational demand. Plan elements and locations are generally depicted in the form of bubble diagrams. CDPs may be completed as part of a GMP or as a separate document. Project Implementation Plans (PIPs) define the scope of a specific development or management project at a park, the coordination of future phases of development at one park, or the coordination of the same type of project and a number of park sites. PIPs may be prepared as part of a CDP, or may be completed as a separate planning document in support of the Capital Improvement Program. PIPs provide specific information regarding the number and size of each facility, how development constraints will be addressed, project budget based on realistic cost estimates, and expected duration of the project from start of the design process through opening of the facilities to the public. In accordance with the Strategic Planning Process, it is desirable to complete


Policy 103 Park Planning and Development (continuation)

Page 100.16

a CDP or PIP for all projects proposed for inclusion in the Capital Improvement Program (CIP) or a bond referendum package. Site Plans and Construction Documents provide a visual representation of the PIP scope that includes a design showing the number, size, kind, location and extent of facilities in sufficient detail for construction of facilities at a particular park or site. Site plans may require County approval and include information regulated by the County Zoning Ordinance.

3. A Preliminary GMP may be requested for land under consideration for acquisition to

determine the property's suitability for meeting the proposed park classification criteria, management framework and possible uses for the developable portions of the site. In these cases the GMP process may be "fast-tracked" to fit the land acquisition schedule.

4. Upon completion, and adoption by the Park Authority, the General Management Plan for

newly acquired property shall be submitted to the Planning Commission for a determination (with subsequent concurrence by the Board of Supervisors), that the location, character and proposed extent of development is in substantial accord with the adopted County Comprehensive Plan (pursuant to Code of Virginia section 15.2-2232).*

5. The Park Authority Board shall review and approve all General Management Plans,

Conceptual Development Plans and Project Implementation Plans, or combinations thereof. Priorities for preparing new or revised park plans shall be identified as part of the Five-Year Strategic Plans and scheduled accordingly.

6. The Park Authority shall provide opportunities for public review and comment of park

plans commensurate with the purpose and extent of each planning process. A public hearing will be held as part of the General Management and Conceptual Development planning processes. Notification for public meetings, forums and/or public hearings shall be provided in accordance with policies on the protection of natural, cultural and recreational resources. Such notification may include, but is not necessarily limited to, affected property owners, localities, agencies, businesses, or other groups,

7. It is desirable to review park plans completed under this planning process at ten year

intervals to evaluate their currency in light of changing site conditions or recreational needs within designated service areas. Should there be a significant change in circumstances of site conditions or recreational needs within that time frame, General Management Plans, Conceptual Development Plans, and Park Implementation Plans may be amended upon recommendation of the Park Authority Board and in accordance with prescribed planning processes. If a change in park classification or planned facilities is anticipated, at the time the plan revision process is initiated, a request for an administrative determination that the proposed revision is in substantial accord with the County Comprehensive Plan, pursuant to Code of Virginia section 15.2-2232, shall be submitted to the Department of Planning and Zoning.


Policy 103 Park Planning and Development (continuation)

Page 100.17

*NOTE: The public hearing process formerly was included in Title '15.1-456 of the Code of Virginia, which gave rise to popular use of the term "a 456 hearing." Title 15.1 of the Code was recodified and renumbered by the Virginia General Assembly effective December 1, 1997, and the public hearing remains a part of the process in the renumbered statute. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.18

Policy 103.1 General Criteria for Site Development

1. Land acquired for a specified category of park use shall be developed in accordance with the criteria and standards set forth in the Park Classification System, and the Park Comprehensive Plan Program Criteria and Standards. Candidate sites shall be of sufficient acreage and quality to ensure that requirements for resource protection and/or facility development can be met.

2. Planning for infrastructure and facility development shall be predicated on the responsible

stewardship of all natural, archaeological and built resources within the Park Authority's park system. Funding authorizations and appropriations to develop, expand and/or upgrade facilities shall take into account fiscal requirements over the estimated life cycle of the facilities to ensure sustainable operations, visitor safety and enjoyment, and perpetuation of significant natural and cultural resources in accordance with program criteria and standards.

3. Under certain conditions, consideration may be given to interim levels of development and

operations in partnership with community groups, where such agreements would facilitate the timely provision of recreation opportunities not otherwise available and would meet minimum safety standards.

4. Development of all Park Authority facilities shall comply with Title II of the Americans with

Disabilities Act of 1990 and other legislative mandates to the extent feasible under site constraints.

5. Facility and site planning and development shall incorporate energy efficiency,

functionality and flexibility to accommodate changing recreation trends to the greatest extent possible.

6. General Management Plans and Conceptual Development Plans shall be prepared for

Countywide Parks and District Parks; Conceptual Development Plans are appropriate for other categories of parklands. Opportunities for public review and comment of park plans shall be provided in accordance with the policy on Park Planning and Development and other policies related to communications with citizens regarding park matters.

_ _________________ Reviewed and adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.19

Policy 103.2 Trails The Authority shall plan for the location, design and construction of an integrated trail (non-motorized transportation) system within the park lands and for the connections of the park trail systems to the Countywide trail system so as to provide a continuity of access. Trails also may be provided as recreational facilities independently of other trails and trail systems. The Authority shall assist other public entities, homeowner associations and other land owners in the planning and development of the Countywide trail system. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.20

Policy 103.3 Accessibility The Park Authority shall ensure that the location, design, development and redevelopment of park resources provide accessibility for all populations. The requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act are addressed in the policy on Criteria for Site Development and the policy on Provision of Park and Recreation Facilities on School Grounds. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.21

Policy 103.4 Energy Management To achieve the objectives of the Authority and meet the needs of the present and future citizens, the Park Authority shall ensure the appropriate allocation and utilization of all energy resources involved in the planning and management of park facilities. In establishing this policy, the Authority recognizes that the interrelated issues of energy, economics and the environment have a profound effect on the delivery of park and recreation services and that responsible energy management must be an integral component of park planning and operations. Consistent with the Park Authority's established objectives and policies, the following shall be the policy regarding energy conservation and management: 1. Master Planning procedures shall include consideration of energy efficient design,

landscaping and the environmental and economic impact of energy usage pertaining to park development.

2. Planning emphasis on low energy intensive maintenance areas and recreational facilities

shall be encouraged. Energy-related standards or certification programs for new and existing facilities shall be considered.

3. Cooperative agreements with local, state and federal mass transit officials and

non-vehicular modes of travel to parks shall be promoted to ensure continuing access to parklands for all citizens.

4. Operational and maintenance procedures shall be periodically reviewed and revised as

necessary to implement energy conservation measures. Optimize the management of natural, human and built energy systems and ensure energy efficient operations.

5. Educational opportunities regarding energy conservation/management shall be provided

to park users and Authority staff as appropriate. In accordance with this policy, staff shall take such measures as necessary to ensure implementation of appropriate energy conservation, planning and management practices. _ _________________ Revised and adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.22

Policy 104 Provision of Park and Recreation Facilities on School Grounds A. The Park Authority may consider development of park and recreation facilities on school

property adjacent to a Park Authority site, herein after defined as a School/Park complex, or provision of financial support for such projects, under the following general conditions:

1. Where the optimum joint use of the properties can be achieved through location of

such facilities on school property, or where the adjacent park site is unsuitable for development of the proposed facility; and

2. Where the proposed facility does not displace existing or planned park facilities

within the designated service area(s); and

3. Where the proposed facility does not substitute for, or replace, recreational equipment or facilities of a design or number typically supplied by the school administration; and

4. Where an established citizen group, business organization or school PTA is willing to

sponsor such facility development and has demonstrated strong citizen support for the proposed project; or

5. Where the Park Authority has secured a lease agreement for interim use of an

undeveloped school site. B. As an alternative, the Park Authority may consider funding assistance for development

of park and recreation facilities on appropriate school sites where the Park Authority has identified a need for Neighborhood and/or Community Park facilities, as identified in the Park Classification System, but cannot meet that need due to the unavailability of parkland suitable for development of the proposed facilities within the designated service area.

C. The Park Authority may evaluate requests for financial assistance from civic or business

organization to fund development of park and recreation facilities on school property in accordance with the above general conditions and the following criteria:

1. A staff needs analysis indicates that the service level for the proposed facilities in the

service area of the school/park complex is significantly lower than the countywide average service level for those facilities.

2. The sponsor's proposal includes a comprehensive analysis of the

a. Project goals, costs, design and construction methods, and implementation

schedule; and


Policy 104 Provision of Park and Recreation Facilities on School Grounds (continuation)

Page 100.23

b. The impact of the project on adjoining property owners, proposed measures for mitigating any impacts, and documentation of notification of development plans to adjoining property owners.

3. The proposed project complies with the requirements of the Americans With

Disabilities Act (ADA) that: "Each facility or part of a facility designed and constructed by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public entity shall be designed and constructed in such a manner that the facility or park of the facility is readily accessible to, and useable by, individuals with disabilities. . " (Section 35.121a)

4. The sponsors assume responsibility for the design, construction and liability, and

have made provisions for maintenance. 5. The Fairfax County School Board administration has approved the project and has

reviewed a comparable request for support in the form of funds or services. 6. Substantial progress has been shown in advancing the project and raising the funds

necessary to ensure project completion. 7. The proposed project is consistent with the priorities adopted in the Park Authority's

Strategic Plan and Capital Improvement Program.

D. The Park Authority may determine the appropriate level of financial assistance in accordance with the following criteria:

1. Where the School Board or other County agency has agreed to provide funds, the

Park Authority's contribution shall be limited to 8 percent of the total value of funds raised by the sponsors excluding the school board or County portion or $5,000, whichever is less; or

2. Where the School Board or other County agency has not provided funds, the Park

Authority's contribution shall be limited to 8 percent of the market value of the completed project or $5,000, whichever is less; and

3. All parties shall agree that any unexpended funds donated by the Park Authority are

to be returned to the Park Authority. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.24

Policy 105 Public and Private Sector Partnerships The Park Authority shall pursue opportunities to collaborate with other public and private sector entities in Northern Virginia in order to maximize existing public facilities for community recreation purposes, coordinate provision of recreation services and to effectively develop and maintain recreational facilities throughout the County. In doing so, the Park Authority shall: 1. Coordinate with Fairfax County Schools and other County agencies on the location,

phasing and design of school, public facility and park sites to enhance the potential for development of community recreation facilities.

2. Cooperate with municipal, regional, state and federal park and planning agencies to

develop a regional open space and Greenway system and to provide mutually supportive recreation opportunities.

3. Seek opportunities to jointly develop athletic sports complexes to serve Countywide and

regional needs. 4. Coordinate with private sector developers to co-locate recreation and support facilities in

employment centers wherever feasible, and consider the use of joint ventures where appropriate to facilitate delivery of recreation programs and services.

5. Encourage community participation in the maintenance of parks and provision of

recreation services through volunteer programs and park partnerships. Among the Park Authority's our most important partnerships are Park and Field Adoption Programs.

_ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.25

Policy 106 Naming of Parks As a general policy, parks shall be named in accordance with geographical, historical or ecological features indigenous to the park site or to the immediate vicinity of the site. Parks may be named for an individual under the following conditions: a. Where the individual has made a significant gift of land to the Authority, or b. In memoriam for an individual who has made a significant contribution to the Fairfax

County park system. Recreational facilities or resource management areas within a park may be named for a corporation or an individual, living or deceased, who: a. Has made a significant contribution to the protection of natural, cultural, or horticultural

resources of the Fairfax County park system, or b. Has substantially contributed to the advancement of commensurate types of recreational

opportunities within the Fairfax County park system, or c. Has made a significant contribution to the betterment of a specific park, consistent with

the established criteria and standards for the designated park classification. In support of this policy, nominations for naming parks, recreational facilities or resource management areas shall be evaluated on the basis of the above criteria and upon appropriate documentation. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.26

Policy 107 Public Hearings The Park Authority's policy statements regarding public hearings are included in other policies in this Manual. These statements are repeated here: • In accordance with the Park Planning and Development Policy, a public hearing shall be

held as part of the General Management and Conceptual Development planning processes, including plan amendments.

• In accordance with the Disposal of Land or Facilities Policy, the Park Authority may dispose

of property under certain conditions only after conducting a public hearing on the question. Notification of a public hearing shall follow procedures defined by the Park Authority and developed in the spirit of the Code of Virginia Title §15.2-2204. Notification shall include, but is not necessarily limited to, affected property owners, localities, agencies, businesses, or other groups, and may take forms identified in the policy on Communication with Citizens. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 100.27

Policy 108 Athletic Field Development Agreements The Fairfax County Park Authority supports private participation in the development of athletic fields when a community benefit can be demonstrated. The Authority should participate in partnerships for the development of athletic fields on property owned or managed by the Authority as appropriate. Development agreements with potential offerors for this purpose shall be required and acceptable only under the following conditions: 1. The development opportunity and evaluation criteria have been approved in concept by the

Park Authority Board. 2. As required by state law, the proposed facilities must be consistent with either an approved

Park Authority Master Plan and be either a feature shown on The Comprehensive Plan for the County of Fairfax, Virginia (“the Plan”) or approved by the Planning Commission as substantially in accord with the Plan pursuant to Va. Code Ann. §15.2-2232.

3. The offeror shall not be in breach of any prior development agreement with the Park Authority.

4. Facilities developed under these agreements shall become the property of the Fairfax County Park Authority.

5. The Park Authority has provided public notice of the development opportunity. 6. Development would result in a clear benefit to the citizens of Fairfax County. 7. Public funds may be used subject to the requirements of the Fairfax County Purchasing

Resolution. Proposal Requirements The following elements must be included in each proposal and shall be considered, among other things by the Authority in determining whether to accept the proposal: 1. A plan for construction that includes a description of the project scope, a statement of the

probable cost, a proposed development schedule and an estimate of the cost of future maintenance.

2. A financial plan that demonstrates the ability of the offeror to complete the proposed project.

3. A description of the qualifications and experience of the proposed development team including, if applicable, consultants, contractors, and project managers.

4. Any additional justification or information to support acceptance of the proposal as appropriate.

5. Joint proposals from two (2) or more groups or individuals should be encouraged. Proposal Evaluation and Approval All proposals received will be evaluated by Park Authority staff for compliance with the requirements of this policy. Staff’s evaluation will be provided as information to the Fairfax County Athletic Council for comment, presented to the Park Operations Committee for review and submitted to the Park Authority Board for final decision.


Policy 108 Athletic Field Development Agreements (continuation)

Page 100.28

The Authority is under no obligation to accept proposals and reserves the right to reject proposals, for any reason. Once an offeror’s proposal is approved by the Park Authority Board, an agreement shall be executed, consistent with the requirements of this policy, prior to the start of any development. Development Agreement Requirements All development agreements must include the following: 1. All development must meet or exceed Park Authority construction standards. 2. All development shall satisfy the minimum standards of the Public Facilities Manual and

the Fairfax County Zoning Ordinance. The Authority reserves the right to prevent the submission of any waivers, modifications or variances to these minimum standards.

3. The offeror should obtain all required inspections and permits unless it is in the best interest of the Authority to do so itself.

4. The Authority shall be given the opportunity to review construction documents during the design phase of the project and any proposed changes during construction.

5. The development of all ancillary amenities, site requirements, and other requirements associated with the development, become the responsibility of the offeror.

6. If the offeror is unable to complete the development within the timeframe specified in the agreement, or any approved extension, the Authority shall have the right to terminate the agreement.

7. If the agreement is terminated, the Authority may elect to develop the proposed field(s) at its own expense.

8. Transfer of the rights and responsibilities under the agreement shall be subject to approval by the Park Authority Board.

9. For the term of the agreement, the Authority agrees to exempt the offeror from providing to the Authority any commissions due from the sale of items or other revenue generation conducted by the offeror. A description of all resale items must be forwarded and approved by the Authority prior to sale. The sale of items by a third party is prohibited under this Agreement, as is the charging of admission or entrance fees to any park area or event.

10. Development agreements may include other elements and special conditions as needed to address site specific issues.

Other Requirements During the term of the agreement, the offeror shall: 1. Maintain all developed facilities at a level consistent to or exceeding the Fairfax County

Park Authority Maintenance Standards. 2. Operate the facilities in a manner and during hours consistent with those of similar facilities

operated by the Authority.


Policy 108 Athletic Field Development Agreements (continuation)

Page 100.29

3. Satisfy and comply with all other requirements specified in the agreement. 4. Failure to perform any requirement specified in the agreement may result in the immediate

termination of the agreement. Length of Agreement As a general rule, agreements should not exceed a period of seven (7) years. This proposed maximum includes up to two (2) years to complete the development and up to five (5) years of use. Extensions of the development phase may be granted by the Park Authority Board and should not reduce the use period. Use of the Facilities The facilities developed shall not be used until such time as the terms of the development agreement are met, the offeror has satisfied all conditions of any site development permits including acceptance by the public utilities inspector, and the Authority is in concurrence that the improvements are substantially complete. Agreements may vary the percentage of use in each successive year of the use period. Shared use is appropriate for joint development projects. During such time as the facilities are not utilized by the offeror, the facilities shall be available for public use. The Park Authority shall use reasonable efforts to supplement the offeror’s maintenance responsibility when developed fields are allocated for public use. If usage falls below fifty (50%) percent in any season, the offeror will not be required to maintain the field during that season. During the use period, facilities will not be released to DCRS for scheduling and use of the facilities will be granted to the offeror. When the agreement expires or is terminated, use will be determined by the Department of Community and Recreation Services field allocation process. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 200.1

Objective 200

Protect and preserve significant and sensitive natural and cultural resources in accordance with adopted criteria and standards and in adherence with natural and heritage resource management guidelines and Countywide Policy Plan obligations so that these resources may be handed on to future generations.


Page 200.2

Policy 201 Natural Resources

A. In its role as a primary steward of Fairfax County's natural resources, it shall be the policy of the Fairfax County Park Authority to manage natural resources on park lands and easements in order to provide an integrated network of natural resources, retain representative species and communities, maintain ecological processes and protect rare or unusual resources. The Park Authority recognizes that natural resources contribute to the quality of life of our citizens.

B. Be guided by an agency-wide natural resource management plan to guide implementation

of this policy.

C. Natural resource management strategies may range along a continuum from protection, in which natural processes are allowed to predominate with little or no human intervention, to intensive management, where overt actions are taken to manipulate populations of animals or plants, or their habitats, toward a desired level. Management, when practical, shall include restoration and enhancement of degraded natural resources.

D. The framework for park natural resource protection and management is found in the Parks

and Recreation section of the Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan. The Park Authority mission and stewardship values emphasize the importance of natural resource protection and the Park Authority recognizes the need to continually reinforce understanding and ownership of those values among staff.

E. In accordance with its mission and values, the Fairfax County Park Authority works to

ensure that parkland is properly acquired, developed and managed to ensure protection of natural resources. Natural resource protection shall be integrated into all aspects of the Park Authority’s practices to include land acquisition, park planning, development, management, maintenance and interpretation. To do this, the Park Authority will assess the ecological significance of natural resources on parkland according to federal and state protection status, county-wide occurrence, ecological function, ecosystem services and sensitivity to disturbance, and these assessments will be incorporated into strategic and long-range planning, general management planning, and operational planning. In addition, the Park Authority shall partner with other agencies with a joint preservation mission in resource protection throughout the county.

F. In order to protect natural resources, the Park Authority shall ensure that proper natural

resource planning takes place and accounts for vegetation, wildlife, water resources, air quality, human impacts and education.

1. To ensure that proper Natural Resource Planning takes place to protect natural

resources, the Park Authority shall: • Ensure that natural resources are considered in land acquisition and land use

decisions. • Use criteria to prioritize which parks need Natural Resource Management Plans

(NRMP).


Policy 201 Natural Resources (continuation)

Page 200.3

• Use Natural Resource Management Plans to ensure natural resources are managed for their protection for present and future generations.

• Ensure that park development, management and interpretation does not conflict with site Natural Resource Management Plans.

• Ensure that natural resource specialists are consulted prior to activities that impact natural resources.

• Base management decisions on science and best practices, including surveys, monitoring and adaptive management.

2. In order to protect and manage Vegetation, the Park Authority shall:

• Identify and protect vegetative communities and rare and significant species. • Preserve and to the greatest extent practical expand and restore vegetative

communities and rare and significant species. • Ensure that forested areas are sustainable and promote regeneration. • Protect parkland from invasions of non-native invasive species and control and/or

remove existing non-native invasive species. • Plant only non-invasive plants on parkland for restoration and landscaping, and use

only native plants in natural areas.

3. In order to protect and manage Wildlife, the Park Authority shall: • Identify and protect wildlife and habitats, especially rare and significant species. • Preserve and when possible expand and restore wildlife communities, habitat and

significant species. • Manage overpopulated wildlife (such as white-tailed deer and Canada geese) to

reduce negative impacts to natural resources. • Mitigate wildlife conflict (per Policy 202 Wildlife Conflict Resolution) • Protect parkland from new invasions of non-native invasive species and control

and/or remove existing non-native invasive species

4. In order to protect and manage Water Resources, the Park Authority shall: • Protect water quality by minimizing impacts from park development, as well as

development outside of parkland. • Protect, enhance and restore riparian buffers. • Protect intermittent water bodies, such as vernal pools and the buffers that surround

them, when practical. • Minimize negative impacts of stormwater facilities (per Policy 304 Stormwater

Projects on Parkland) • Protect, stabilize and enhance streams on parkland. • Utilize low impact development practices (such as stormwater management, green

buildings and natural landscaping) to reduce impacts to water resources and other natural resources.

5. In order to protect Air Quality, the Park Authority shall:

• Preserve air quality by minimizing impacts of park development, management and operations.


Policy 201 Natural Resources (continuation)

Page 200.4

• Expand tree cover and enhance forest health to mitigate air pollution and green house gases.

6. In order to minimize and mitigate Human Impacts to natural resources, the Park Authority shall: • Minimize impacts to forests, meadows and other natural areas from human use. • Require restoration of impacted natural resources when misuse of parkland causes

damage to them. • Eliminate encroachments from park neighbors. • Site trails to minimize natural resource impacts and utilize sustainable trail building

principles. 7. In order to engage the public in stewardship Education, the Park Authority shall:

• Educate the public in their role in natural resource stewardship.

G. This policy and the agency Natural Resource Management Plan, in accordance with the mission and values of the Park Authority, shall help to ensure that parkland is properly acquired, developed and managed to ensure protection of natural resources.

________________________ Revised and Adopted February 25, 2009


Page 200.4

Policy 202 Wildlife Conflict Resolution In its role as the primary steward of Fairfax County's natural resources, it shall be the policy of the Authority to effectively resolve conflicts between wildlife and people, so as to promote peaceful coexistence between citizens and these resources. 1. For management purposes, wildlife activity that results in conflicts will be evaluated by

the Authority for the existence of, or potential for:

• impact to private property; • impact to public infrastructure including park resources, facilities and services; or • impact on public health and safety.

The significance of these impacts will determine the type of management action taken, but all actions will follow established impact mitigation procedures.

2. The Authority will base wildlife management actions on:

• applicable laws and regulations, • adopted natural resource conservation objectives, • approved park plans, • accepted ecological principles, • proven wildlife management techniques, and • appropriate animal welfare concerns.

3. The Authority will practice an attitude of acceptance of, and tolerance for, wildlife activity

as a part of the county's natural environment, and will foster this attitude among the public through education.

4. When conflicts occur on private property from wildlife activity originating on parkland,

citizens must take reasonable measures, on private property, to mitigate the impacts of this activity. Such measures will typically involve exclusionary devices including, but not limited to, fences, screens, caps, baffles, and repellents.

5. If necessary, the Authority will take reasonable measures on parkland, following

established procedures, to mitigate impacts to private property of wildlife activity originating on parkland, but will assume no legal liability for these impacts.

6. When warranted, the Authority will take reasonable measures on parkland, following

established procedures, to mitigate impacts to public infrastructure. 7. For each specific type of wildlife activity, the Authority will develop impact mitigation

procedures that utilize progressive, stepwise intervention, typically advancing from: • exclusion, including, but not limited to, fences, screens, caps, baffles, and repellents;

to


Policy 202 Wildlife Conflict Resolution (continuation)

Page 200.5

• harassment, including, but not limited to, destruction of nests, and homes, and visual and auditory hazing; to

• population management, including, but not limited to, birth control, relocation, and humane destruction.

_ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 200.6

Policy 203 Cultural Resources

The framework for cultural resource management is laid out in the Park Comprehensive Plan, Objective 3, as seen in Section A below: A. In support of its mission to preserve and protect significant archaeological and historic

resources of the County the Fairfax County Park Authority shall:

1. Determine significance and appropriate preservation options for cultural resources proposed for inclusion in the County park system in accordance with the U.S. Department o Interior National Register of Historic Places and the Fairfax County criteria for Public Significance.

2. Protect significant cultural resources, including archaeological sites, historic

properties, structures, landscapes and artifacts from degradation or damage and destruction.

3. Locate, identify and evaluate the significance of cultural resources on park lands

as part of all site planning and development.

4. Establish educational and interpretive facilities and programming at designated cultural resource sites in accordance with adopted criteria and standards.

5. Consider alternatives to fee simple acquisition of historic properties shall be

considered if adequate resources are not available to ensure stabilization; restoration and planning for appropriate site use.

6. Provide incentives for private landowners to protect and preserve significant

cultural resources.

7. Coordinate preservation of significant cultural resources with County, municipal, regional, state and federal agencies to provide effective Countywide management of cultural resources.

B. In its role as the primary steward of Fairfax County's cultural resources, it shall be the

policy of the Authority to preserve and protect significant cultural resources.

1. The Authority shall inventory, evaluate and register cultural resources located on park land according to federal, state and local regulations and laws. Significance of cultural resources shall be defined by the U.S. Department of the Interior standards, and local historical standards, as defined by the Authority. These evaluations will be incorporated into strategic and long range planning, general management planning, and operational planning, including the integration with land management and the facility design process.

2. Cultural resources management will reflect federal, state, and local laws and

policy, Park Authority policy, and regulations, cultural resource management


Policy 203 Cultural Resources (continuation)

Page 200.7

stewardship obligations and approved park plans. Cultural resource management will be conducted using current professional standards.

3. It shall be the policy of the Authority to identify cultural resources on all parkland

for protection, study and educational purposes.

4. Park development and the granting of easements, permanent or temporary, shall take into consideration the degree to which cultural resources will be affected by the undertaking; alternative plans for the protection or mitigation of those cultural resources must be presented as part of the development proposal.

5. The development of parks will be restricted to permitted activities within the

Cultural Resource Protection Zones, as defined by the approved park plan.

6. Parks without an approved park plan will be managed to ensure the protection of cultural resources located there.

7. The Authority shall require restoration or mitigation of cultural resources

adversely affected by encroachment by any entity. C. The taking of historic or prehistoric artifacts from beneath or above the ground or

disturbing the ground for the purpose of locating artifacts or using or possessing a metal or mineral detector on park property is illegal. (Section 15.1-1232 (q) Code of Virginia).*

* Title 15.1 of the Code of Virginia was recodified and renumbered effective December 1, 1997. NOTE: Cultural resources are identified as "heritage" resources in the Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 200.8

Policy 204 Countywide Heritage Resource Archaeology

Consistent with the Park Authority's long standing heritage resource stewardship mission, in accordance with guidelines outlined in the Fairfax County Heritage Resource Management Plan (Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, 1988) and in recognition of the need to provide a broader cultural context for heritage resources contained within the park system, it is Park Authority policy to seek an optimum balance between countywide archaeological resource conservation and normal economic growth in the county. To this end the Park Authority shall: 1. Represent the countywide interest of archaeological resource conservation in the

federal, state, and county review processes. 2. Through an active partnership with volunteers and avocational and professional

archaeologists, conserve and recover threatened archaeological resources not otherwise protected by federal, state regional or county laws, guidelines or ordinances.

3. Serve as the central depository for archaeological collections (artifacts and related

documents) recovered in Fairfax County, and for such collections that have relevance to the interpretation of the county's past (for which there are no suitable alternative collections facility).

4. Understanding that successfully achieving the broader goal of heritage resource

conservation rests upon a strong stewardship ethic among residents, develop and implement active programs to educate county citizens and visitors in the county's heritage and its conservation.

__________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 200.9

Policy 205 Historic Restoration Following guidelines established by the National Trust for Historic Preservation* and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines,* the Park Authority policy on historic restoration requires that treatment of cultural resources with structural integrity shall be performed according to the following philosophical principles: A. Generally, it is better to preserve than repair, better to repair than restore, better to

restore than reconstruct.

B. Usually, it is better to retain genuine old work of several periods than to arbitrarily "restore" the whole by new work to its aspect at a single period.

C. Every reasonable care and expense is justified to approximate in new work the

materials, methods and quality of old construction.

D. Modern uses should be consistent with the preservation of the building's values. * See Appendix 15, Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations in Virginia, p. A-100; Appendix 16, Guidelines and Procedures for Historic Collections Management, p. A-117; and Appendix 14, Curatorial Care of Archaeological Objects , p. A-71. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 200.10

Policy 206 Historic Collections The Fairfax County Park Authority shall collect, preserve, exhibit, interpret and, where appropriate, make available for research prehistoric artifacts, historic artifacts and material culture. The Authority shall ensure that collections under its stewardship are protected, secure, unencumbered, cared for, accounted for and documented, and shall plan for their future needs and growth. Acquisition, loan, deaccessioning and disposal activities shall be conducted in a manner that respects the protection and preservation of natural and cultural resources and refutes illicit trade in such materials. The unique and special nature of human remains, funerary and sacred objects shall be recognized as the basis of all decisions concerning such collections. Collections-related activities shall promote the public good rather than individual financial gain. The Authority shall subscribe to the American Association of Museums "Code of Ethics for Museums" (1993), as it applies to historic collections, the Historic Collections Policy and all collections management procedures. The Authority shall maintain detailed guidelines and procedures for the management and care of the historic artifact and archaeological collections in respective conformity with professional standards established by the American Association of Museums and State Curation Standards as defined by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Collections procedures shall address the Scope of Collections, acquisitions, loans, deaccessioning and disposal and shall be revised as needed to comply with professional and Commonwealth guidelines. The Authority shall collect artifacts, archival materials, architectural and archaeological fragments, and other material culture and reference materials in support of the Authority mission. Collected objects and materials shall be associated with or represent at least one of the following categories: the history of the historic structures, sites and parks; the history of individuals residing in our businesses operating at those historic structures, sites and parks; the cultural origins connected with those historic structures, sites, and parks; and the general prehistory, history, growth and development of Fairfax County. Where possible, original objects shall be collected, but where appropriated, reproductions may be acquired to support interpretation. Historic collections shall be classified as follows: prehistoric and historic artifacts, archival materials, architectural fragments, archaeological materials, and property items (other material culture conforming t the scope of collections). Collections guidelines shall define these classifications, detail what may be included in them and state their purpose(s). Acquisitions may be acquired through gift, purchase, bequest, exchange, field collection or other transactions whereby title of ownership is transferred to the Authority. Board members and staff are discouraged from collecting privately in competition with the Authority, and the Authority shall not purchase acquisitions of historic objects from Board members, staff or volunteers. Collections guidelines and procedures shall detail the conditions under which objects and materials may be acquired, define the criteria for their evaluation, and state the rights and responsibilities of the Authority regarding donations as well as incoming and outgoing loans. The Authority will not knowingly accept any artifact that has been stolen or illegally exported from its county of origin or whose recovery involved destruction of historic or archaeological sites, objects for the purpose of their acquisition. All donations of historic objects are structures,


Policy 206 Historic Collections (continuation)

Page 200.11

objects for the purpose of their acquisition. All donations of historic objects are considered outright and unrestricted gifts to be used at the sole discretion of the Authority and shall include full literary rights, property rights, copyrights, patents and trademarks. The Authority assumes no responsibility for the appraisal of objects or materials offered as gifts, and no staff member may reproduce objects from the Authority collections for private sale or gain. Loans from the Authority shall be made only to institutions able to provide objects the proper care and protection and shall be made only for educational or research purposes. A historic artifact may be recommended for deaccessioning if no restrictions prohibit its removal and if at least one of the following criteria is met: it is not relevant or useful to the stated purposes of the Authority or is outside the Scope of Collections; it has failed to retain its identity or authenticity, and has deteriorated beyond usefulness or practicable conservation; it has been lost or stolen and remains lost for longer than five years or five inventories; it duplicates other objects or materials in the collection; or the Authority lacks the resources to properly conserve it. Disposal of collections through sale, exchange or research activities is solely for the advancement of the Authority mission. No Authority Board member, staff or their immediate families or representatives may acquire any deaccessioned object. Proceeds from the sale of historic artifacts shall be used only for acquisitions or direct care of collections. The Authority shall maintain a permanent record of each historic artifact accession with its documentation, including all legal instruments, agreements, conveyances, research and descriptive catalog records. Such acquisitions and loans shall be insured through a museum fine arts policy, unless specifically stated in writing as otherwise insured, and every attempt shall be made to maintain current insurance values for these objects. Outgoing loans shall be insured by the borrower, unless specifically stated in writing as otherwise insured. Objects left in temporary custody shall not be covered by Authority insurance, and if unclaimed after one year, any such item shall become an unrestricted gift to the Authority. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 200.12

Policy 207 Live Animal Collections The Fairfax County Park Authority collects, exhibits, interprets and studies farm animals and captive, bred, rehabilitated and non-releasable wild animals solely for educational purposes. In so doing, the Fairfax County Park Authority subscribes to the Resource Management Division Institutional and Professional Code of Ethics adopted by the Park Authority Board, the Code of Ethics for Museums adopted by the American Association of Museums (1993), and the spirit of the Code of Professional Ethics espoused by the National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association as they apply to live animal collections. The Fairfax County Park Authority is bound by all federal, state and county regulations, laws, and professional standards applicable to the stewardship and use of live animals. The Fairfax County Park Authority shall ensure that collections under its stewardship are protected, secure, cared for, accounted for and documented. Acquisition, loan, presentation, deaccessioning and disposal activities shall be conducted in a dignified, respectful, humane and safe manner. All live animals will be cared for and maintained in a manner that will insure their health and well-being and the safety of staff, visitors and the animals. The Fairfax County Park Authority shall maintain detailed guidelines and principles for the management and care of live animals in its custody in the appended Guiding Principles for the Care and Management of Live Animal Collections. Specific practices and procedures are set forth in the Live Animal Collections Care and Management Manual, follow professional standards, and meet or exceed the requirements established by National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association, the United States Department of Agriculture, the National Association of State Public Veterinarians and/or the American Association of Museums. Live animals may be acquired through donation, loan, purchase, natural species reproduction, intentional breeding, trade, capture or rescue. Animal transactions will occur only with reputable facilities, institutions or individuals having the appropriate expertise and facilities to care for them. All loan activities or temporary transfers of live animals to or from the Fairfax County Park Authority shall be for purposes as stated in the loan agreement, conducted in a manner that ensures the welfare of the animal, in compliance with all permit requirements, and in accordance with relevant local, state and federal regulations. The Fairfax County Park Authority collects animals for the Live Animal Collections that meet the following criteria:

• Consistency with the agency mission and site interpretive plan. • Wild animals represent species native or naturalized to Fairfax County; farm animals are

historically appropriate and represent breeds associated with agricultural traditions in Fairfax County.

• The site has the resources to replace the animal with similar animals. • The animal is not an endangered species. • The animal’s overall health is good to excellent. • The animal can withstand the stress of a captive environment. • The animal’s presence does not adversely impact the health, care, or maintenance of

other animals in the collection or of the animal being acquired. • The animal’s temperament is such that they may be safely handled by most trained staff

without additional highly specialized training.


Policy 207 Live Animal Collections (continuation)

Page 200.13

• The site has the resources to meet the stewardship needs of the animal and to maintain the educational value of the animal.

In general the Fairfax County Park Authority discourages the collection of threatened or rare species. The Fairfax County Park Authority will not collect:

• Beyond agency capacity to provide adequate resources for the care of Live Animal Collections.

• Uncontrollable species. • Animals that bond to only one handler. • Animals with deformities. • Animals typically considered as pets, unless specifically outlined in the site interpretive

plan. • Single animals of a species where mating or social behavior is such that holding only

one may constitute undue cruelty. Each animal or group of animals shall be evaluated individually in terms of its conformity to Scope of Collections criteria and to the ability of the Fairfax County Park Authority to care for the animal in a manner consistent with professional standards. Recognizing that all live animals require constant care or husbandry, the Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections Care and Management Manual specifies protocols for routine health care and emergency veterinary procedures, quarantine, husbandry, nutrition, water, housing and pasture, cleaning of housing and management of animal waste, safety and security, protection from disease, handling and program use, and all other aspects of care for each species under Park Fairfax County Park Authority stewardship. All staff involved in the care of live animals shall receive basic and continuing education and training in animal care and handling. An animal may be deaccessioned if at least one of the following criteria is met:

• The animal is not relevant or useful to the stated purposes of the Fairfax County Park Authority or is outside the Scope of Collections or site mission.

• The animal’s health has deteriorated beyond exhibit or program usefulness or practicable treatment.

• The animal has been found to have physical ailments that jeopardize its quality of life. • The animal is found to be behaviorally incompatible. • There is concern for the animal’s health. • The animal has died. • The animal duplicates others in the collection. • The animal is ready for reintroduction to the wild. • The Fairfax County Park Authority lacks the resources to care for the animal properly. • The animal compromises the Fairfax County Park Authority’s commitment to protect and

preserve wildlife resources or to discourage illicit trade in such animals. • Overpopulation threatens consumable stock.


Policy 207 Live Animal Collections (continuation)

Page 200.14

• Traditional agricultural economic practices are best served. • Resident stock has reached the end of its productive working life, has a chronic health

condition, can be replaced by a more appropriate animal, or faces overpopulation.

Approved methods of disposition are as follows: • Loan return. • Reintroduction to the wild. • Transfer to another institution. • Transfer to a private animal caretaker. • Sale consistent with routine farm practices. • Humane euthanasia.

Disposal of Collection animals, alive or dead, must be in a manner that is dignified and humane and meets the requirements of all applicable local, state, and federal laws and health department regulations. Funds from the sale of farm animals support current and replacement animals. Wild animals will not be sold to any organization or individual that might sell the animal at auction. The Fairfax County Park Authority shall maintain a permanent record of Collection animals with their documentation, including all legal instruments, agreements, conveyances, research and descriptive catalog records, and any other pertinent data necessary to meet permit requirements and standard record-keeping purposes. Records concerning deaccessioned animals will be retained for a period of five years, after which they may be destroyed. __________________ Adopted October 8, 2008


Objective 300

Ensure the long term protection, preservationand sustainability of park resources.

Page 300.1


Policy 301 Protection of Lands and Facilities

The Park Authority considers its responsibilities to the citizens of Fairfax County to be inthe nature of a public trust, requiring commitment to the preservation and protection ofnatural, cultural, horticultural and recreational resources located on parklands. ThePark Authority shall resist by all appropriate means, including legal action, any attemptby any public agency, group, or individual to destroy or encroach upon any park,historical site, nature preserve or recreational facility under the control of the ParkAuthority. The Park Authority shall not sell land, grant easements, nor exchange landwith private citizens in order to remedy conditions resulting from encroachment ontoparkland.

An encroachment by definition shall include, but not be limited to, the act ofunauthorized mowing or clearing of land; the planting, tilling, or pruning of vegetation;the deposition of debris or refuse in a park; an extension of a use by adjacent propertyowner; an installation which impedes public access; the construction of any facility orstructure; the installation or maintenance of equipment and/or utilities on parklandwithout the express written permission of the Park Authority or without the issuance of aconstruction permit by the Park Authority, unless permissions are inherently granted inaccordance with the terms of an existing easement running with the land and dulyrecorded in the land records of Fairfax County.

Encroachment classifications are listed below and serve to establish a level of severityand corresponding time for corrective effort.

Category 1: Current Activity, Impeding Public Access, Recreational Feature for PrivateUse, Safety Concern, Hazardous Condition Including but not limited to the Following:

• Mowing parkland• Depositing of grass clippings, compost, firewood, leaves• Gardening, pruning, clearing, removing trees, replacing native plants• Removing invasive plants, using pesticides or fertilizers• Constructing flower beds, tree wells, timber walls• Fencing, landscaping across public access• Unauthorized construction access for private property development• Installing recreational features - trampolines, play forts, swing sets, putting greens,

batting areas• Constructing sheds, lighting, patios• Dumping tires, furniture, appliances, automobile parts, hazardous materials, trash• Storing or abandoning personal possessions such as boats, campers

Page 300.2


Policy 301 Protection of Lands and Facilities (continuation)

Category 2: Major Permanent Structures, Encroachments Involving Assistance fromDepartment of Planning and Zoning, Department of Public Works and EnvironmentalServices Including but not limited to:

• Porches, retaining walls, garages, outbuildings• Pools, basketball courts, tennis courts'. Adding fill, altering drainage pattern

Resolution of Encroachments

Category 1: Corrective action and parkland restoration within 30 days of notification.

Category 2: Contact the Park Authority and provide a schedule for remediation within30 days. Time for corrective action and restoration of parkland shall not exceed 180days.

Note: Requests for additional time for corrective work may be considered if related topermitting, requesting multiple estimates for contracted work, extreme weatherconditions, or other extenuating circumstances. All such requests shall be made inwriting to the Director of the Park Authority and shall be sent to the Director of thePark Authority prior to expiration of the resolution periods listed above.

The Park Authority shall strive to be a good neighbor to adjacent property owners, withthe expectation of the same in return, by working in good faith to remedy encroachmentconditions on parkland within the parameters of Park Authority policy, regulations, andstandard operating procedures.

This policy shall not prevent individuals or groups from (1) performing communityservice activities on parkland including, but not limited to, the removal of invasive plantsor the construction of trails; or (2) adopting a park. Approval of these communityservice activities require expressed written permission from the Director of the ParkAuthority.

Revised and Adopted June 23,2010

Page 300.3


Policy 302 Easements


Grantee Easement Agreements:1. The Park Authority shall encourage the voluntary donation of conservation easements to

the Authority to achieve its mission objectives where it is desirable to protect sensitiveand significant environmental, historic and/or archaeological resources but where publicaccess is not required, including but not limited to:

a. Identified segments of greenways designated as "private open space,"

b. Private properties adjoining greenways, natural resource parks and historicsite/archaeological parks where additional buffering would provide an addedmeasure of protection for significant resources, or

c. Where adequate Park Authority resources are not available to ensurestabilization/restoration and planning for appropriate site use and preservationobjectives can best be accomplished by the private sector.

2. Where fee simple acquisition is not feasible, the Park Authority shall seek public accesstrail easements to ensure continuity of access within designated Greenways and otherpark sites identified on the Countywide Trails Plan. It is also desirable to securedonation of a surrounding conservation easement.

3. The Park Authority shall develop and implement an effective program formonitoring easements to ensure compliance with terms of the easements and forinforming citizens of the benefits of donating conservation easements to the ParkAuthority.

Grantor Easement Agreements:1. In accordance with The Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan, Policy Plan, Parks and

Recreation Countywide Planning Objective, the Park Authority shall consider requestsfor easements by outside parties for non-recreational uses of park lands only under thefollowing conditions:

Where the Park Authority has determined that the proposed facility is compatible withother planned or existing park uses at the subject site, or

When it has been determined that there is no feasible or prudent alternative to the use ofparklands for the specified purpose, and

All possible planning to minimize harm is included in the proposed project.

2. The Park Authority shall require adequate compensation for use of parklands for otherthan park purposes based on the extent of impact, the sensitivity of impacted areas andlength of time park activities may be disrupted. Additionally, the Park Authority shallrequire monetary assurances (e.g., bonding, escrow, or cash deposit in advance) of the

Page 300.4


Policy 302 Easements (continuation)

requesting agency, corporation and/or individual to ensure compliance with easementrequirements including restoration of impacted areas.

3. The Park Authority shall establish, and periodically review, effective procedures forgranting and monitoring of easement construction activities.

Revised and Adopted March 26, 2008

Page 300.5


Policy 303 Telecommunications Sites

The Park Authority shall seek to balance the general public's need for telecommunicationsservices with the Authority's mandate and public trust for the protection of parklands. Requestsfor siting of telecommunication facilities on parklands shall be evaluated with due regard for thefollowing policies:

• Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan, Policy Plan, Parks and Recreation CountywidePlanning Objective, which states: "Prohibit the location of major public facilities, includingtransportation, through public parklands unless: a) the Park Authority determines that theproposed facility is compatible with its use of parkland, or b) a determination has beenmade that there is no feasible and prudent alternative to the use of parkland and that allpossible planning to minimize harm is included in the proposed project. Require a PlanAmendment where the location of such facilities would substantially interfere with theprovision of open space and/or recreational facilities or would have a significant adverseimpact on ecological and heritage resources."

• Park Authority Policy 301 Protection of Lands and Facilities which states: "The Authorityshall resist by all appropriate means, including legal action, any attempt by any publicagency, group or individual to destroy or encroach upon any park, historical site, naturepreserve or recreational facility under the control of the Authority. The Authorityconsiders its responsibilities to the citizens of Fairfax County to be in the nature of publictrust, requiring commitment to the preservation and protection of natural, cultural,horticultural and recreational resources located on park lands. The Authority shall enlistthe aid of an enlightened and alert citizenry in support of this policy."

• Fairfax County Countywide Comprehensive Policy Plan and Zoning Ordinances forPublic Facilities which encourage the co-location of telecommunication facilities onpublic property

Pursuant to reconciling these policies, the Park Authority Board shall consider the placement oftelecommunications monopoles and related equipment on park property only if all other possiblelocations have been exhausted by the applicant and no feasible and prudent alternative siteexists, and all of the following location criteria have been met:

1. Location Criteria. Requests for placement of telecommunications monopoles andrelated equipment shall be considered if:

a. An Office of Communications study has been conducted (or the Office ofCommunications certifies an applicant's study) showing the Park Authorityproperty as the technically best location;

b. The Office of Communications assures, in writing, that the proposed facilitycreates no radiation hazard to the public;

c. The proposed use of park land does not present a potential legal exposure orliability to the Park Authority;

Page 300.6


Policy 303 Telecommunications Sites (continuation)

d. The proposed location does not adversely affect significant natural or culturalresources, including environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands,Environmental Quality Corridors and Resource Protection Areas as defined in theChesapeake Bay Ordinance;

e. In the sole determination of the Park Authority, the proposed location does notdisplace and is compatible with existing or planned park facilities;

f. In the sole opinion of the Park Authority, the proposed location and constructionon the site does not detract from the character of the park;

g. The proposed facility location does not adversely affect park operations ormaintenance;

h. Clear demonstration is given that impacts to adjacent uses and property ownersare minimal;

i. The placement of the telecommunications site enhances public communicationsservices and the public good.

2. Other Criteria.

a. Adequate compensation shall be provided to the Park Authority for the placementof the proposed facility based on extent of degradation, number of antennae andother factors. Mitigation fees received during the initial license term shall bedeposited in the designated subfund of the park revenue operations fund solelyfor use at the park site where the telecommunications facility is to be located andutilized in accordance with adopted guidelines, unless designated otherwise inthe agreement licensing the telecommunications facility. The allocation of feesfor subsequent renewal license terms, if any, shall be determined by action of thePark Authority Board.

b. The applicant accepts full responsibility and costs for all Park Authority staffevaluation and review, plan preparation, and procurement of all necessarypermits and other approvals from the appropriate governmental agencies.


Page 300.7


Policy 304 Stormwater Projects on Parkland

In Fairfax County there are growing demands to improve surface water by treating stormwaterrunoff, preserving open space and stabilizing stream corridors. This policy has been developedpursuant to the Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan, Policy Plan, Parks and RecreationCountywide Planning Objective, which requires that the County ensure the long term protection,preservation and sustainability of park resources. Objective 5 states, in part, that park lands areto be protected from adverse impacts of off-site development and uses; that compensation is tobe provided for use of park lands for other than park uses; that the public's investment in parklands and facilities is to be protected and efficient operation and maintenance ensured; that nonpark uses on park land are consistent with existing or planned uses; and there is no feasiblealternative to the proposed project.

Requests for locating stormwater features as well as easements and restrictive covenants shallbe evaluated with due regard to existing policies and using the Project Evaluation Criteriaidentified below. For the purposes of this policy, stormwater features include ponds, dams,stream stabilization, stream restoration, wetland and stream mitigation, flood proofingmeasures, created wetlands, rain gardens and other Low Impact Development features,channel modifications to achieve adequate outfall, etc.; and easements or restrictivecovenants are stormwater-related deed restrictions placed on park land for the benefit ofothers. For the purposes of this policy, stormwater features and easements or restrictivecovenants will be referred to collectively henceforth as stormwater projects.

The Park Authority will not approve stormwater projects that may impact sensitive natural orcultural resources or restrict the Park Authority's ability to properly protect, manage or conductresearch on such resources or develop park land. For the purposes of this policy, sensitivenatural and cultural resources are those that are rare or unique and/or that would be destroyed,significantly degraded or cease to function as a result of impacts from proposed stormwaterprojects. The applicant will bear all cost and responsibility for notifying adjoining propertyowners about their proposed stormwater projects and for completing any public review processwhether required by the Park Authority or others. The applicant or their successors or assignswill assume responsibility for the monitoring and maintenance of their stormwater projects, toinclude associated structures, access roads, etc. If the stormwater project will restrict the ParkAuthority from protecting or managing park land, then the Park Authority may request suitablereplacement property.

The rights for locating stormwater projects on park land will be limited in term, and, in the caseof stormwater features, they will be tied to the life of the feature. If at some point in the future itis decided under mutual agreement of the parties that the stormwater feature is no longerneeded, the party or entity responsible for its maintenance shall remove the feature, restorepark land to the satisfaction of the Park Authority, and vacate any legal restrictions on park landassociated with the stormwater feature.

Project Evaluation Criteria - The Fairfax County Park Authority will evaluate proposals to placestormwater projects on park land according to the following criteria:

Page 300.8

Fairfax County Park Authority Policy Manual- March 2008

Policy 304 Stormwater Projects on Parkland (continuation)

1) The proposal conforms to the provisions of Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan,Policy Plan, Parks and Recreation Element, Objective 5 as stated above.

2) If the proposal is intended to provide mitigation, it is preferred that the proposedproject is designed to protect/improve the water quality and/or habitat in the samewatershed where the impact will occur. However, proposals to pursue mitigationprojects in other watersheds within Fairfax County may be considered on a case-by-case basis.

3) The proposal demonstrates that the site was selected based on detailed analysis forsuitability using scientifically valid criteria and there are no feasible alternatives.

4) The proposal demonstrates that the stormwater project would avoid impact tosensitive natural or cultural resources.

5) Proposed stormwater features are designed in accordance with best practices in themost environmentally sensitive manner possible, blend with the landscape andaccommodate wildlife to the greatest extent possible.

6) The proposed stormwater project would not present a potential legal exposure orliability to the Park Authority.

7) The applicant assumes all responsibility for downstream damages to Park Authorityor other land or property resulting from the failure of a stormwater feature under theirmaintenance.

8) The placement of the stormwater project would not displace existing or planned parkfacilities such as trails, recreational facilities, or resource protection or managementareas (unless th~ project provides for suitable replacement or improvement of suchfacilities).

9) The placement of the stormwater project would not adversely affect park operations andmaintenance.


Page 300.9


Policy 305 Sustainable Management Practices

The Park Authority shall protect the public investment and ensure the safety, quality andsustainable operations of parklands, facilities and infrastructure through long-term management,including the following practices:

1. Provide adequate resources to comply with adopted maintenance standards.

2. Design and develop new facilities to maximize their life expectancy. Ensure that capitalrepairs and renovations are undertaken in a timely manner so as to sustain effectiveoperations over the planned life cycle of park facilities and infrastructure;

3. Provide a stringent level of review for development proposals that may affect park landsand private properties under Park Authority easements that, due to the character of theirresources, are particularly sensitive to impacts of off-site development; and

4. Protect park lands from encroachments, vandalism and other unauthorized uses ofparklands including removal of, or damage to, archaeological artifacts, plants, shrubs,trees and/or animal species; dumping of debris or use of parkland for private purposes.

Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008

Page 300.10


Policy 306 Maintenance


The Authority shall establish standards for the maintenance of its parks and recreationalfacilities on a classification basis and the standards shall be applied consistently throughout theCounty. Should funds become inadequate to maintain the system according to the standards,the Authority shall order a revision of the standards and the closing of selected parks andfacilities until adequate funding becomes available.

The fiscal plans and annual budgets of the Authority shall reflect the requirements formaintenance facilities, equipment and human resources so the Authority can meet itsobjectives.


Page 300.11


l

Policy 307 Disposal of Land or Facilities

The Authority may dispose of property only after conducting a public hearing on the questionand only under the following conditions:

1. Where an exchange of property would better serve the needs of the citizens concerned.

2. When land more suitable for the needs of the citizens who are being served by theproperty in question has been or can be acquired within six months of the date ofdecision to dispose of the property.

3. When another governmental agency could more appropriately administer the property.

4. When protective covenants could ensure the historic, scenic, conservation or othervalues that otherwise are protected by fee ownership.

The Authority has stated its intent to hold lands and facilities entrusted to its care as a publictrust and to protect them from any threat of loss or encroachment. However, a situation couldarise where it would be in the best interest of the public to dispose of certain property. If anysuch instance should occur, citizens are guaranteed the opportunity to express their opinionsand the Authority is bound to consider them in arriving at a decision.


Page 300.12


Page 400.1

Objective 400

Provide recreation services and operate the park system consistent with Park Authority goals and objectives and the need of citizens for quality programs and services, providing a number and diversity of programs and services in compliance with all applicable standards, ordinances and good management practices.


Page 400.2

Policy 401 Events Any event held on Park Authority property shall be approved by the Park Authority Board, and coordinated with the Supervisor in whose district the event is to be held, when all of the following conditions are anticipated: 1) music may be the main attraction of the event; 2) the attendance may exceed the available parking and crowd capacity for the park where the event is to be held; and 3) there is a potential that the event will have an adverse impact on the park's neighbors. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 400.3

Policy 402 Athletic Field Use

The Park Authority shall establish athletic field policies that will optimize the balance between use and protection of the facilities, and shall provide athletic fields for the use and enjoyment of all citizens. A classification of all field types shall be established to reflect the development, usage and maintenance level of the fields. The scheduling of organized sport groups and the issuance of permits to those groups shall be performed under the guidelines provided by the Park Authority and the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Permit holders shall have first rights for the use of the fields to which they have been assigned. A field not being utilized by a permit holder can be used by others, including the "walk-on" public. Participants in the Full Adoption Adopt-A-Field program shall be exempt from this policy as defined in the provisions governing that program. Use periods of Park Authority Fields shall be limited as follows:

Level 1 Fields: After 4:00 p.m. on the second Friday in April to the end of the first full weekend* in November; and

Level 2 and 3 Fields: After 4:00 p.m. on the last Friday in March to the end of the third

full weekend* in November. Level 4 Fields: Synthetic Turf Fields are available year-round *A full weekend is one in which Saturday and Sunday are both in November. The following exception is made to the above use periods:

· The single season sport of youth football shall not be subject to the closing dates. Field closings shall be at the discretion of the Park Authority and for the purpose of maintenance, safety or any reason deemed appropriate for the management or protection of property. The use of athletic field lighting is available for organized sports groups who have a permit to use a field during the period of time that the lights are being used, and is for games and practices only. Temporary lighting systems shall meet the same development requirements as permanent lights, including identification in the master plan for the park and adherence to all lighting and noise ordinances. The lights shall present no hazard to park users, shall not pollute the environment and shall meet appropriate illumination standards. The Park Authority shall reserve the right to deny temporary lighting requests if it feels it is in the best interest of the Park Authority, park patrons or the surrounding community. __________________ Revised and Adopted April 28, 2010


Page 400.4

Policy 402.1 Park and Field Adoption Programs The Park Authority shall develop and administer programs to encourage and coordinate community participation in the care and maintenance of park facilities. Requirements and benefits for program participants shall be defined in Adopt-A-Park and Adopt-A-Field Program guidelines administered by staff and included in the Appendix of this Manual. Both programs shall be administered according to an agreement between the Park Authority and the participant. Benefits to be defined in the agreement for the full Adopt-A-Field Program may include, but are not necessarily limited to, a waiver of fees or commissions and a waiver of the Athletic Field Use policy regarding field usage dates. All Park Authority parks and athletic fields shall be available for public use, and participation in the Adopt-A-Park and the Adopt-A-Field program shall not provide the participant exclusive use of the park or field. Blank copies of the maintenance agreements used for the Adopt-A-Field (Full Adoption) Program, the Adopt-A-Field Program, and the Adopt-A-Park Program are included in the Appendix. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 400.5

Policy 402.2 Adopt-A-Field Storage Facilities on Park Property Written requests from Adopt-A-Field groups for storage facilities on Park Authority property shall be submitted and approved in writing by the Park Authority. The facilities and their proposed location shall meet Park Authority standards, and the facilities shall be used only to store athletic and maintenance equipment. Hazardous chemicals or illegal uses are not permitted. Adopt-A-Field groups shall be responsible for their own liability insurance, which shall comply with current standards as designated by the county's Office of Risk Management, and for meeting all County codes (including maintenance, permits, construction and utility). Participation in the Adopt-a-Field program is required prior to Park Authority approval of a storage facility. Storage facilities are defined as large shed type structures that meet FCPA standards for such facilities. Small athletic field storage boxes are not affected by this policy. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 400.6

Policy 403 User Fees The Park Authority shall offer a broad range of leisure facilities and services desired by the residents of Fairfax County. To support these facilities and services, the Park Authority generates funding for its operations by charging fees that supplement the appropriation from the County of Fairfax General Fund. The Authority shall seek the appropriate balance between County of Fairfax General Fund support and fee-generated revenues that best serve the interests of the citizenry. Services and facilities fully funded through the County of Fairfax General Fund are generally provided by the Park Authority free of charge. Services and facilities supported entirely, or in part, by the Authority’s Park Revenue Fund may have fees designated and charged. The Park Authority shall establish appropriate fees based on recommendations from staff and input from the citizenry and shall publish an annual fee schedule. All fee revenues collected by the Authority shall be placed in the Authority’s Park Revenue Fund, and used exclusively to support the services and facilities that generate the fund's revenues, unless otherwise directed by the Park Authority Board. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 400.7

Policy 404 Safety and Property Security The Fairfax County Park Authority shall ensure that its mission is achieved without compromising the safety of its employees or the public. The Authority shall: Protect and preserve its work force against injury and its assets against loss that could impair the Authority’s ability to provide services to its patrons; Institute practical measures to eliminate or minimize injury to employees and patrons; create an awareness of hazards in the workplace; foster skills and knowledge related to safety management; and encourage employees to report and correct hazards; Institute all appropriate measures to eliminate or control loss to property or other loss-producing conditions; and Achieve such measures in the most effective and economical manner. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 400.8

Policy 405 Rental Properties on Parklands

The Authority shall manage structures acquired incidentally along with parkland on the basis of the following criteria:

1. Houses and other structures which have been evaluated and determined to be suitable for occupancy or other public uses consistent with park purposes shall be retained, until such time as their continued existence is no longer justified.

2. Houses and other structures suitable for rental purposes shall be retained until the parkland is developed, at which time, if not incorporated in the park development plan, they shall be removed.

3. Houses and other structures located in any park where development is not imminent, but where the house and immediate grounds are compatible with, and incorporated as part of, an approved park development plan, may be rented in accordance with the following classification of living quarters:

Class I. Houses, facilities or living accommodations, whether or not open to the general public, which should be occupied for purposes of operations or protection of Park Authority-owned facilities, may be rented in order of preference to: 1. an Authority employee currently working at the park where the rental property is located, 2. an Authority employee, 3. a county employee, or 4. the general public provided the tenant has the skills, training and experience to carry out the required facility management functions.

Preference for occupancy of Park Authority residential quarters will be given to households with maximum income limits up to and including 120 percent of the Area Median Income (AMI) for the Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area, adjusted for household size, except for park managers who choose to live in the park for which they have management responsibility. Any other exceptions to this rule recommended by the Director of the Authority will be brought to the Board for approval; the Board may also, at its discretion, approve housing for the Director of the Authority as an exception to this rule. However, no Authority employee shall be required to accept any such housing as a condition of employment.

Class II. Houses on parkland acquired pursuant to provision for life tenancy or other occupancy agreements with the previous property owner may continue to be occupied by the designated life tenants where such use will not unreasonably or unduly restrict the public purpose for which the park was acquired.

4. Fair market rental rates shall be assessed, as recommended by a qualified appraiser or real estate broker designated by the Authority, and shall be adjusted commensurate with the obligations contained in the lease. Rental rates shall be reassessed and


Policy 405 Rental Properties on Parklands (continuation)

Page 400.9

adjusted in accordance with market conditions at a minimum of three year intervals; interim rental adjustments shall be made by the Park Authority Board based on the rental rate numbers prepared by the County's Department of Systems Management for Human Services (DSMHS).

In support of this policy, staff shall take such measures as necessary to ensure compliance with approved implementation procedures. __________________ Revised and Adopted May 28, 2008


Page 400.10

Policy 406 Signs and Displays The Authority shall protect the esthetic qualities of the parklands and facilities under its control or ownership by requiring that a permit be obtained from the Authority prior to the placement of any sign or display on park property by any group, individual or government agency. Temporary signs, banners or flags (including religious displays or articles associated with a religious service, celebration, or activity) introduced by an entity other than the Park Authority to promote an event held in a Fairfax County park shall be in accordance with the permit granted by the Authority and the time period specified in the permit, and shall be removed by the entity within 48 hours after the event is terminated. In keeping with the protection of the esthetic qualities of parklands and facilities, advertisements shall be limited to those in written agreements with the Park Authority Board. Signage for joint ventures and privatized development on parkland shall require the approval of the Park Authority Board. Permanent signs recognizing individuals or organizations shall be consistent with existing Park Authority sign materials and design, and when possible, shall be incorporated into existing sign structures. Only one permanent sign recognizing an individual or an organization may be placed in a park. Signage recognizing Adopt-A-Field and Adopt-A-Park participants shall be consistent with the guidelines of these programs. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 400.11

Policy 407 Construction of Donated Facilities/Structures on Park Land The Park Authority shall consider the acceptance of donated facilities/structures proposed for construction on park land, when such facilities/structures are in the interest of the community and consistent with the mission of the Authority. All facilities/structures constructed on parkland become the property of the Park Authority, except as specifically provided through written, mutual agreement. Requests for the construction of donated facilities/structures on parklands shall be evaluated with regard to the following criteria: Acceptance Criteria:

• The donated facilities/structures proposed for construction on park land shall comply with the existing park master plan.

• For facilities/structures not requiring master plan approval, the proposed

facilities/structures shall be similar to existing facilities typically provided by the Park Authority.

• All proposed donated facilities/structures shall be required to meet existing Park

Authority design standards.

• The purpose of the facilities/structures shall not be for the recognition of affiliations, whether cultural, religious, fraternal, individual or organizational, except as permitted by other Park Authority Policy.

• The proposed facilities/structures shall not be of a religious, political, cultural or

theological nature.

• The proposed facilities/structures shall be useable and available to all segments of the population in a manner that is consistent with similar existing facilities.

• The proposed facilities/structures shall be deemed to have no negative environmental or

aesthetic impacts.

• Consideration shall be given to the continued maintenance and eventual replacement of the facility/structure.

• The structure/facility shall present an overall benefit, compared to alternative uses of the

land, including green space. The Park Authority may decline to accept such proposed facilities/structures, if it is in the best interest of the Park Authority to do so. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 400.12

Policy 408 Memorials in Parks It is the policy of the Fairfax County Park Authority to accept memorials that also serve to enhance existing parks and the utility of the park system. All memorials shall be in compliance with the following:

A. The Fairfax County Park Authority encourages memorialization of land, facilities, equipment, landscape material, and money to support the Park Authority mission.

B. Memorials will be located at a park site that is mutually agreed upon by the donor and

Fairfax County Park Authority. C. All memorials located on park land become the property of the Fairfax County Park

Authority.

D. The Park Authority Director shall be responsible for the development and administration of a system for the review of all memorials.

E. Considerations for the acceptance of the memorial include conformance with the park

master plan, aesthetics, and consistency with the mission of the Fairfax County Park Authority.

F. The memorial may not reflect a political or religious statement and/or position. G. Final plans for the memorial must be submitted to and approved by the Park Authority

Board.

H. If it is deemed in the best interest of the Fairfax County Park Authority to do so, the Park Authority may decline to accept proposed memorials. The decision to accept or decline offers of memorials rests solely with the Park Authority Board.

I. All costs associated with the purchase and installation of the memorial shall be paid by

the donor. J. The maintenance of the memorial shall be at the sole discretion and control of the

Fairfax County Park Authority.

K. The term of the memorial will be for the life of the memorial.

L. General memorial donations of a monetary nature should be gifted to the Fairfax County Park Foundation.

Naming opportunities that exist for park sites and recreational facilities when an individual or corporation has made a significant contribution to the park system will be considered under the provisions of Policy 106 Naming of Parks.


Policy 408 Memorials in Parks (continuation)

Page 400.13

Donation of facilities/structures on parkland that are not for purposes of memorialization will be considered under the provisions of Policy 407, Construction of Donated Facilities/Structures on Parkland. __________________ Adopted on January 14, 2009


Page 500.1

Objective 500

Administer the Park Authority within its funding and procedural capabilities and according to the needs of the citizens, and employ competent staff and volunteers, treat them with respect, and compensate them fairly.


Page 500.2

Policy 501 Operations – General Statement The administration and operation of the Park Authority shall be consistent with the policies, goals and objectives of the Authority. Operational policies and procedures shall consider and accommodate to the greatest extent possible the needs of the citizens who use the parks and recreational facilities and shall comply with appropriate standards and good management practices. Changes in operational policies may be made by the Authority as appropriate. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.3

Policy 502 Communication with Citizens To assist the public to understand and contribute to the planning and development of the park system, the Authority shall communicate with the public by all available means, including: 1. Releases to the print and electronic media. 2. Notices of special meetings and hearings appropriate stakeholder groups, agencies,

committees, commissions, the Board of Supervisors and Planning Commission. 3. Distributing copies of reports, plans, budgets, agendas, etc., to the press and the public. 4. Providing speakers from the Authority Board and staff as requested by the public. 5. Educating the public on bond issues. 6. Direct personal communication with groups and individuals. 7. Coordinating and facilitating public hearings. 8. Surveys. 9. Managing the Internet aspects of communication, business enterprise, and content. All Park Authority Board and committee meetings, except Executive Sessions dealing with public business matters lawfully exempted from the open meetings requirements prescribed by the Virginia Freedom of Information Act and only such matters identified in the motion to convene executive session, shall be open to the public. Expression of the public's opinion as well as advice from other public agencies shall be encouraged. The Authority staff, particularly field personnel in regular contact with the public, shall be informed of the Authority's activities and plans in order to inform the public. Notices of Authority Board meetings shall be communicated to the public through the usual news media. Individuals, groups and elected and appointed officials who may have an interest in a particular agenda item shall be given special notice whenever possible. Procedures for Communications with Citizens

Board Responsibilities

1. To make reports to citizens at meetings and elsewhere as appropriate. 2. To ensure that accomplishments shared in the agency Annual Report are widely

known. 3. To make personal appearances and speeches as requested.


Policy 502 Communication with Citizens (continuation)

Page 500.4

Staff Responsibilities

1. To assist Board members in the preparation of reports, materials and presentations.

2. To prepare an annual report. 3. To present plans and information to citizen groups. 4. To prepare and distribute press releases, and other materials such as public

service announcements, the agency website, displays, and briefings. __________________ Revised and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.5

Policy 503 Director and Park Authority Board Relationship The administration of the park and recreational facility system shall be under the control of the Director of the Park Authority. Direction shall come from the Board through formal actions or specific directives and from the chairman of the Board acting on its behalf. No Board member shall request the Director to take an action that either conflicts with the adopted policies and procedures of the Authority or which may require, in the Director's or the Board's opinion, a policy decision by the Board prior to action. All operational issues not involving policy are the sole responsibility of the Director unless acted upon by the Board as a whole. Board and staff responsibility shall be formally delineated and reviewed periodically by the Board and the Director. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.6

Policy 504 Personnel In accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding between the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors and the Park Authority, the Authority’s employees shall be administered under the provisions governing the County's personnel system. Rules and regulations of the Authority with respect to the rights and responsibilities of employees shall be in conformance with the Personnel Regulations of Fairfax County as set forth in the Merit System Ordinance. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.7

Policy 505 Indemnification of Officers, Employees and Volunteers The defense of governmental immunity does not necessarily insulate Park Authority officers, employees and volunteers from civil judgments rendered against them in their individual capacities. Park Authority officers, employees and volunteers may be liable for the payment of civil judgments arising out of actions which they took in furtherance of the Park Authority's interest and in their scope of authority and course of employment. It is in the interest of the Park Authority to protect its officers, employees and volunteers from such civil judgments, and to remove the threat of having to pay such judgments from its officers, employees and volunteers. Certain liability claims and suits filed against the Park Authority, its officers, employees and volunteers may not fall within the scope of coverage afforded by policies of insurance currently in effect. The Park Authority desires to provide legal defense for and indemnification of its officers, employees and volunteers in certain cases where that obligation is denied by its liability insurance carrier. 1. For the purpose of this policy the terms "Park Authority officers and employees and

volunteers" shall include Board members, officers, and all employees and volunteers of the Fairfax County Park Authority. The terms "Park Authority officers and employees" and "officers and employees" shall include Board members. Volunteers include Park Authority volunteers who are working at the direction of the Park Authority, some of whom are working under volunteer agreements.

2. The Park Authority shall provide legal counsel to represent, without charge, Park

Authority officers, employees, and volunteers, with respect to any claim or cause of action arising from the conduct of such officers, employees and volunteers in the discharge of their duties as officials, employees or volunteers of the Fairfax County Park Authority. Said conduct is hereby deemed to include administrative and professional malpractice, as well as acts committed or alleged to have been committed that result or are alleged to result in deprivations of rights, privileges, and immunities guaranteed by the United States or Virginia Constitution, or by any statute affording a cause of action for damages or injunctive relief.

3. In the event of a real or potential conflict of interest involving the Park Authority

Attorney's representation of the Park Authority and any of its officers, employees, or volunteers on any claim, lawsuit or combination of claims or lawsuits; and in the event that any such conflicts of interest or other ethical considerations might impede effective representation and legal defense by the Park Authority's Attorney, the Park Authority's Attorney shall be authorized to retain under terms and conditions acceptable to the Fairfax County Park Authority additional counsel at his discretion, to represent any officers, employees or volunteers who shall, in his opinion. require such counsel.

Fairfax County Park Authority Policy Manual – March 2008 Policy 505 Indemnification of Officers, Employees and Volunteers (continuation)

Page 500.8

4. All officers, employees or volunteers who become legally obligated to pay any claims, including but not limited to settlements, suits, satisfactions of judgment, costs or awards of attorney's fees, arising from the conduct of said officers, employees or volunteers in the discharge of their duties, shall only be entitled to indemnification therefore where the claim shall have been determined by the Director of the Park Authority, upon the recommendation of the Park Authority's Attorney, to have resulted from actions which:

A. Were done in good faith; and

B. Were done in a reasonable belief that such activities were in the best interest of

the Park Authority and in the furtherance of the official policies of the Park Authority, and

C. Were within the scope of authority of the person so acting; and

D. Were within the course of employment or volunteer service of the person so

acting: and

E. Were not willful, malicious or wanton.

The determination of the Director as to whether the conduct of any such officer, employee, volunteer or member satisfies the requirements of subsection (A) - (E) shall be final.

5. The Director of the Fairfax County Park Authority is authorized to continue in effect

liability insurance policies for Park Authority officers, employees and volunteers with legal defense of claims thereunder to be provided in accordance with the terms of the policies of insurance. The Park Authority's Attorney shall represent Park Authority officers, employees and volunteers to the extent deemed necessary by him to supplement legal counsel provided under said liability insurance policies.

Nothing contained in this policy shall be construed to abrogate or waive any defense of governmental immunity on behalf of the Fairfax County Park Authority, or of its officers, employees or volunteers. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.9

Policy 506 Standards of Conduct Board members and employees shall adhere to the highest ethical standards and to all laws and regulations in the performance of their duties. Board members and employees shall avoid actual or perceived conflicts of interest in their responsibilities to the public. Employees are governed by the code of ethics, standards of conduct, and related administrative procedures detailed in the Fairfax County Merit System Ordinance and Personnel Regulations. This policy provides standards of conduct for Board members. The provisions herein are not to be construed or applied in a manner contrary to applicable laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Standards of Conduct. The Board shall: 1. Be responsible for the effective operations of the Authority by the establishment of

policies and procedures that direct the activities of staff. 2. Hold the Director responsible for his or her conduct and the conduct of the Authority’s

business. Board members shall: 1. Base decisions upon available factual information and vote with honest conviction,

unaffected by any bias. 2. Abide by majority decisions of the Board. 3. Remember that individual Board members have no authority outside the decision of a

majority of the Board. 4. Avoid in appearance or in fact the use of their position to benefit themselves or any

individual, organization or entity, apart from the total welfare of the Authority. 5. Disclose any financial or other private interest in any matter coming before the Board, and

excuse themselves from participation in or voting on such matters. 6. Not accept directly or indirectly any gift, favor, loan, retainer, entertainment, compensation

or other things of value that may conflict with the performance of official duties. A conflict shall be deemed to exist where a reasonable and prudent person would perceive that the acceptance might influence an official action or judgment.

7. Not reveal the deliberations of the Board in executive session or any other information

acquired in the course of official duties when the deliberations or information are not available as a matter of public knowledge or record.


Policy 506 Standards of Conduct (continuation)

Page 500.10

8. Not interfere either directly or indirectly with the day-to-day management of the Authority, either by issuing operational directives to staff or by using the influence or prestige of Board membership to affect operational matters.

Violations of the Standards of Conduct. Violations of the standards of conduct by a Board member shall be immediately forwarded to the Board’s Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall advise the affected Board member that a complaint has been lodged and is being investigated by the Committee, and then meet to consider the alleged violation, interview complainants and review related documents. If additional information is needed, the Committee shall investigate with the assistance of other Board members, staff or other resources as the Committee may deem appropriate. If, after the collection of all relevant and available information, the Executive Committee finds reasons to believe a violation has occurred, it shall bring the matter to the Board in Executive Session. The affected Board member shall be afforded an opportunity to present any and all information the Board member believes is pertinent to support his or her position. The Board shall determine whether a violation has occurred and, if so, shall take corrective action. Board action may include a warning to the member, a vote of censure, official sanctions, and/or referral to the Commonwealth Attorney or County Attorney. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.11

Policy 507 Volunteers The Park Authority shall develop, operate and maintain a volunteer program to increase available services, foster community involvement with parks, bring the public's perspective to park operations, help achieve successful stewardship of resources, and supplement tax funding requirements for the parks. Volunteers shall be considered part of the staff team, recognized as professionals in their positions, treated with the same respect and support as paid staff, and covered by the Park Authority’s indemnification policy. Volunteers shall receive appropriate training and recognition, and shall share in the development and implementation of volunteer program goals, projects, programs, publications and activities. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.12

Policy 508 Length of Service Pass The Park Authority shall issue a length of service "gold" pass to eligible former employees of the agency as defined in this policy. A gold pass allows the lifetime admission of the pass holder and a guest to specified Park Authority facilities (including golf green fees associated with those facilities) and special events, and use of specified rental equipment.

All merit service employees who leave Park Authority employment in good standing with 25 years of service are automatically eligible for a gold pass, and the Director has the authority to issue gold passes upon the separation of eligible employees from the Park Authority. If, in the opinion of the Director, an employee has demonstrated a significant contribution to the Park Authority but does not meet the years of service criteria, a gold pass may be issued to that employee. The Director shall notify the Park Authority Board of the issuance of passes to such employees The Park Authority Director may also recommend to the Park Authority Board other individuals who have made a significant contribution to the Park Authority and the Park Authority Board may approve issuance of a gold pass to those individuals with a majority vote of the Board. On an annual basis, the Director shall provide to the Board a listing of facilities and rental equipment to which “gold” pass holders are entitled, as well as those facilities and rental equipment excluded from this policy. _ _________________ Revised and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.13

Policy 509 Contractual Services Procurement

The Park Authority adopts the Fairfax County Purchasing Resolution for purchasing and bidding policies and procedures. The Park Authority, under Article 1 of the Purchasing Resolution, shall be responsible for capital construction and related architectural and engineering services in accordance with Section 15.1-12322 of the Code of Virginia and the Memorandum of Understanding governing the relationship of the Fairfax County Park Authority and the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Execution of contracts shall be in conformance with the adopted County Purchase Resolution and appropriate financial management procedures. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008



Page 500.14

Policy 510 Fiscal Plans The Park Authority shall develop a 10-year financial plan for its Park Revenue Fund and Park Capital Improvement Fund, and shall adopt annual budgets for them. The Authority shall ensure that budgeting and financial reporting procedures conform to the procedures used by the County, in accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding between the Board of Supervisors and the Park Authority. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.15

Policy 511 Fund Raising The Park Authority shall pursue all available sources of funding to implement its objectives. Applications for grants in aid shall be made to appropriate funding sources, including state and federal agencies, public and private foundations, corporations, and to the County for revenue sharing funds. Copies of requirements, procedures and enabling legislation shall be kept on file, and current and pertinent information regarding potential sources of funding shall be circulated as appropriate within the Authority. The Authority shall seek and accept gifts, bequests, contributions and dedications of real property and shall encourage the establishment of trusts and foundations, non-profit groups and other entities for the purpose of assisting the Authority to accomplish its objectives. _ _________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Page 500.16

Policy 512 Green Procurement

The Fairfax County Park Authority will integrate environmental considerations into all aspects of purchasing goods, services and construction in a manner that will best support the environment while being cost effective to the citizens of the county and park patrons. All purchases of goods and services and construction should:

1. Be durable, repairable, recyclable or recycled and cost effective. 2. Have a minimum of packaging, toxic content or chemical hazard potential. 3. Be as environmentally friendly as possible and still be effective. 4. Be as efficient as possible in the use of raw materials throughout the product's entire

lifecycle. 5. Take into account the varying operations and facilities present within the Park Authority. 6. Minimize or eliminate the Park Authority’s environmental liability.

All contracts shall be awarded pursuant to the Fairfax County Purchasing Resolution. __________________ Reviewed and Adopted March 26, 2008


Appendices


Page A-1

Appendix 1 Park Authorities Act Title 15.2 Counties, Cities and Towns Subtitle I General Provisions; Chapters; Other Forms and Organization of Counties Chapter 57 Park Authorities Act §15.2-5700 - 15.2-5714 _______________________________________ Effective December 1, 1997


Appendix 1 Park Authorities Act (continuation)

Page A-2

§ 15.2-5700. Short title: application.

This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Park Authorities Act." The chapter shall apply to all localities of the Commonwealth.

§ 15.2-5701. Definitions.

As used in this chapter, the following words and terms shall mean unless the context shall indicate otherwise:

"Authority" means an authority created under the provisions of § 15.2-5702 or, if any such authority shall be abolished, the entity succeeding to the principal functions thereof.

"Federal agency" means the United States of America and any department or bureau thereof, and any other agency or instrumentality of the United States of America heretofore established or which may be established hereafter.

"Park" means public parks and recreation areas as the terms are generally used.

§ 15.2-5702. Creation of authorities.

A. A locality may by ordinance or resolution, or two or more localities may by concurrent ordinances or resolutions, signify their intention to create a park authority, under an appropriate name and title, containing the word "authority" which shall be a body politic and corporate.

Whenever an authority has been incorporated by two or more localities, any one or more of

the localities may withdraw therefrom, but no locality shall be permitted to withdraw from any authority that has outstanding obligations unless United States securities have been deposited for their payment or without unanimous consent of all holders of the outstanding obligations.

Other localities may join the authority as provided in the ordinances or resolutions.

B. Each ordinance or resolution shall include articles of incorporation setting forth:

1. The name of the authority and the address of its principal office. 2. The name of each incorporating locality, together with the names, addresses and

terms of office of the first members of the board of the authority.

3. The purpose or purposes for which the authority is created.

C. Each participating locality shall cause to be published at least one time in a newspaper of general circulation in its locality, a copy of the ordinance or resolution together with a notice stating that on a day certain, not less than ten days after publication of the notice, a public



Page A-3

hearing will be held on such ordinance or resolution. If at the hearing substantial opposition to the proposed park authority is heard, the members of the participating localities' governing bodies may in their discretion call for a referendum on the question of establishing such an authority. The request for a referendum shall be initiated by resolution of the governing body and filed with the clerk of the circuit court for the locality. The court shall order the referendum as provided for in 24.2-681 et seq. Where two or more localities are participating in the formation of an authority the referendum, if any be ordered, shall be held on the same date in all such localities so participating. In any event if ten percent of the registered voters in such locality file a petition with the governing body at the hearing calling for a referendum such governing body shall request a referendum as herein provided.

D. Having specified the initial plan of organization of the authority, and having initiated the program, the localities organizing such authority may, from time to time, by subsequent ordinance or resolution, after public hearing, and with or without referendum, specify further parks to be acquired and maintained by the authority, and no other parks shall be acquired or maintained by the authority than those so specified. However, if the governing bodies of the localities fail to specify any project or projects to be undertaken, and if the governing bodies do not disapprove any project or projects proposed by the authority, then the authority shall be deemed to have all the powers granted by this chapter.

§15.2-5703. Members of authority; appointment, terms, compensation, etc.; officers, quorum.

Each authority created hereunder, whether created by single or multiple localities, shall be governed by a board of not less than six members, but always an even number, appointed by the governing body of the locality. The board members shall be appointed for staggered four-year terms. Members of the governing body may be appointed to the board but shall not comprise a majority thereon.

When an authority is created by participating localities, each shall appoint at least two members, one of whom may be a member of the governing body. One-half of the members first appointed by each governing body shall serve for two years and one-half shall serve for four years. When one or more additional localities join an existing authority, each of such participating localities shall have not less than two members on the authority's board. The first members shall be appointed immediately upon the admission of the locality into the authority in the same manner as were the first members of the authority.

The members of the board of the authority shall elect one of their number chairman and shall elect a secretary and a treasurer who need not be members of the board of the authority. The offices of secretary and treasurer may be combined. A majority of the members of the authority shall constitute a quorum and the vote of a majority of such quorum shall be necessary for any action taken by the authority. No vacancy in the membership of the board of the authority shall impair the right of a quorum to exercise all the rights and perform all the duties of the authority.



Page A-4

Localities which created or thereafter joined the authority, by ordinance or resolution or concurrent ordinances or resolutions, may provide for the payment of compensation to the members of the authority; provided no compensation shall be paid for meetings not attended and for the reimbursement to each member of the authority the amount of his actual expenses necessarily incurred in the performance of that member's duties.

§15.2-5704. Powers of authority.

Each authority shall be deemed to be performing essential governmental functions providing for the public health and welfare, and is authorized and empowered:

1. To have existence for such term of years as specified by the participating localities;

2. To adopt bylaws for the regulation of its affairs and the conduct of its business;

3. To adopt an official seal and alter the same at pleasure;

4. To maintain an office at such place or places as it may designate;

5. To sue and be sued;

6. To acquire, purchase, lease as lessee, construct, reconstruct, improve, extend, operate and maintain parks within, or partly within and partly outside, one or more of the participating localities; to acquire by gift, purchase or the exercise of the right of eminent domain lands or rights in land or water rights in connection therewith; and to sell, lease as lessor, transfer or dispose of any property or interest therein acquired by it; however, the power of eminent domain shall not extend beyond the geographical limits of the localities composing the authority.

7. To regulate the uses of all lands and facilities under control of the authority;

8. To issue revenue bonds and revenue refunding bonds of the authority, such bonds to be payable solely from revenues derived from the use of the facilities or the furnishing of park services;

9. To accept grants and gifts from the localities forming or thereafter joining the authority, the Commonwealth, the federal government or any other governmental bodies or political subdivisions, and from any other person;

10. To enter into contracts with the federal government, the Commonwealth, any political subdivision, or any agency or instrumentality thereof, or with any other person providing for or relating to the furnishing of park services or facilities;

11. To contract with any municipality, county, person or any public authority or political subdivision of this or any adjoining state, on such terms as the authority shall deem proper, for



Page A-5

the construction, operation and maintenance of any park which is partly in this Commonwealth and partly in such adjoining state;

12. To exercise the same rights for acquiring property for the construction or improvement, maintenance or operation of a park as the locality or localities by which such authority is created may exercise. The governing body of any participating locality, notwithstanding any contrary provision of law, general or special, is authorized and empowered to transfer jurisdiction over, to lease, lend, grant or convey to the authority, upon the request of the authority, upon such terms and conditions as the governing body of such locality may agree with the authority as reasonable and fair, real or personal property as may be necessary or desirable in connection with the acquisition, construction, improvement, operation or maintenance of a park, including public roads and other property already devoted to public use. Agreements may be entered into by the authority with the Commonwealth, or any agency acting on behalf of the Commonwealth, for the acquisition of any lands or property, owned or controlled by the Commonwealth, for the purposes of construction or improvement, maintenance or operation of a park;

13. In the event of annexation by a municipality not a member of the authority of lands, areas, or territory served by the authority, then such authority may continue to do business, exercise its jurisdiction over properties and facilities in and upon or over such lands, areas or territory as long as any bonds or indebtedness remain outstanding or unpaid, or any contracts or other obligations remain in force;

14. To make and enter into all contracts and agreements necessary or incidental to the performance of its duties and the execution of its powers under this chapter, including a trust agreement or trust agreements securing any revenue bonds or revenue refunding bonds issued hereunder;

15. To do all acts and things necessary or convenient to carry out the powers granted by this chapter;

16. To borrow, at such rates of interest as the law authorizes, from the federal government or any agency thereof, individuals, partnerships, or private or municipal corporations, for the purpose of acquiring parklands and improvements thereon; to issue its notes, bonds or other obligations; to secure such obligations by mortgage or pledge of the property and improvements being acquired and the income derived therefrom; and to use any revenues and other income of the authority for payment of interest and retirement of principal of such obligations provided that prior approval of the governing body of the locality shall be obtained by an authority that was created by a single locality. Any locality which has formed or joined an authority may lend money to the authority. The power to borrow set forth in this subdivision shall be in addition to the power to issue revenue bonds and revenue refunding bonds set forth in subdivision (h) of this section and § 15.2-5712. Notes, bonds or other obligations issued under this subdivision shall not be deemed to constitute a debt of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision of the Commonwealth or a pledge of the faith and credit of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision of the Commonwealth; and



Page A-6

17. To adopt such rules and regulations from time to time, not in conflict with the laws of this commonwealth, concerning the use of properties under its control as will tend to the protection of such property and the public thereon. No such rule or regulation shall be adopted until after descriptive notice of any intention to propose such rule or regulation for passage has been published in accordance with the procedures required for the adoption of general county ordinances and emergency county ordinances as set forth in § 15.2-1427, mutatis mutandis. The full text of any proposed rule or regulation shall be available for public inspection and copying during regular office hours of the authority at a place designated in the published notice.

§ 15.2-5705. Violation of rules and regulations.

Any violation of any such rule and regulation adopted pursuant to provision 17 of 15.2-5704 shall constitute a Class 4 misdemeanor.

§ 15.2 -5706. Appointment of special conservators of the peace.

The chairman of the board of any authority created pursuant to the provisions of this chapter may apply to the circuit court for any locality for the appointment of one or more special conservators of the peace under procedures specified by 19.2-13. Any such special conservator of the peace shall have, within the lands and facilities controlled by such authority, the powers, functions, duties, responsibilities and authority of any other conservator of the peace.

§ 15.2-5707. Recordation of conveyances of real estate to park authorities.

No deed purporting to convey real estate to a park authority shall be recorded unless accepted by a person authorized to act on behalf of the park authority, which acceptance shall appear on the face thereof.

§ 15.2-5708. Exemption from taxation.

No authority shall be required to pay any taxes or assessments upon any park acquired and constructed by it under the provisions of this chapter.

§ 15.2-5709. Rates and charges.

The authority is hereby authorized to fix and revise from time to time rates, fees and other charges for the use of and for the services furnished or to be furnished by any park.

§ 15.2-5710. Funds. All moneys received pursuant to the powers granted in this chapter shall be held and applied solely as provided in this chapter. The authority shall provide that any officer or any fiscal agent to which such moneys shall be paid shall hold and apply the same for the purposes hereof, subject to such regulations as the authority may provide.



Page A-7

§ 15.2-5711. Conveyance or lease of park to authority; contract for park services; when referendum required before certain contracts made.

Each locality and other public body is hereby authorized and empowered:

1. To convey or lease to any authority created hereunder, with or without consideration, any park upon such terms and conditions as the governing body thereof shall determine to be for the best interests of such locality or other public body; and

2. To contract with any authority created hereunder for park services; provided that no locality shall enter into any contract with an authority involving payments by such locality to such authority for park services which requires the locality to incur an indebtedness extending beyond one fiscal year, unless the question of entering into such contract shall first be submitted to the voters of the locality for approval or rejection by a majority vote. Nothing herein shall prevent any locality from making a voluntary contribution to any authority.

In the event that a locality shall desire to contract with an authority under this subdivision, such governing body shall adopt a resolution stating in brief and general terms the substance of the proposed contract for park services and requesting the circuit court for the locality to order an election upon the question of entering into such contract. A copy of such resolution, certified by the clerk of the governing body, shall be filed with the judge of the circuit court who shall thereupon enter an order in accordance with § 24.2-681 et seq. Note of such election entered and paid for by the locality shall be published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the locality at least ten days before the election.

The question to be submitted to the voters for determination shall include the names of the locality and the authority between whom the contract is proposed and the nature, duration and cost of such contract.

§ 15.2-5712. Revenue bonds. Each authority is authorized to issue, at one time or from time to time, revenue bonds of the

authority for the purpose of acquiring, purchasing, constructing, reconstructing, improving or extending parks and acquiring necessary land or equipment therefor, and revenue refunding bonds of the authority for the purpose of refunding any revenue bonds outstanding. The bonds of each issue shall be dated, shall mature at such times not exceeding forty years from their date or dates and shall bear interest at such rate or rates as authorized by law, as may be determined by the authority. Bonds may be made redeemable before maturity, at the option of the authority at such price or prices and under such terms and conditions as may be fixed by the authority prior to the issuance of the bonds. The authority shall determine the form of the bonds, including any interest coupons to be attached thereto, and the manner of execution of the bonds, and shall fix the denomination or denominations of the bonds and the place or places of payment of principal and interest, which may be at any bank or trust company within or outside the commonwealth. In case any officer whose signature or a facsimile of whose signature shall appear on any bonds or coupons shall cease to be such officer before the delivery of such



Page A-8

bonds, such signature or such facsimile shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if he had remained in office until such delivery. Notwithstanding any of the other provisions of this chapter or any recitals in any bonds issued under the provisions of this chapter, all such bonds shall be deemed to be negotiable instruments under the laws of this Commonwealth. The bonds may be issued in coupon or registered form or both, as the authority may determine, and provision may be made for the registration of any coupon bonds as to principal alone and also as to both principal and interest, and for the reconversion into coupon bonds of any bonds registered as to both principal and interest. The authority may sell such bonds in such manner, either at public or private sale, and for such price, as it may determine to be for the best interests of the authority.

The resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds, and any trust agreement securing such bonds, may also contain such limitations upon the issuance of additional revenue bonds as the authority may deem proper, and such additional bonds shall be issued under such restrictions and limitations as may be prescribed by such resolution or trust agreement.

Bonds may be issued under the provisions of this chapter without obtaining the consent of any commission, board, bureau or agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia, or of any political subdivision, and without any other proceedings or the happening of other conditions or things than those proceedings, conditions or things which are specifically required by this chapter.

Bonds issued under the provisions of this chapter shall not be deemed to constitute a debt of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision of the Commonwealth or a pledge of the faith and credit of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision of the Commonwealth, but such bonds shall be payable solely from revenues of the authority as provided herein.

§ 15.2-5713. Same; for water or sewer systems, etc.

An authority created under the provisions of this chapter is hereby authorized to provide by resolution, at one time or from time to time, for the issuance of revenue bonds of the authority for the purpose of paying the whole or any part of the cost of any water system, sewer system, sewage disposal system, or garbage and refuse collection and disposal system, or any combination of any thereof and for improvement and maintenance of any such system. The principal of and the interest on such bonds shall be payable solely from the funds herein provided for such payment. The bonds of each issue shall be dated, shall bear interest at such rate or rates as may be authorized by law, shall mature at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from their date or dates, as may be determined by the authority, and may be made redeemable before maturity, at the option of the authority, at such price or prices and under such terms and conditions as may be fixed by the authority prior to the issuance of the bonds.

Revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this chapter shall not be deemed to constitute a debt of the Commonwealth or of any incorporating or participating locality, or a pledge of the faith and credit of the Commonwealth or of any incorporating or participating locality.



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§ 15.2-5714. Bonds mutilated, lost or destroyed.

Should any bond issued under this chapter become mutilated or be lost or destroyed, the

authority may cause a new bond of like date, number and tenor to be executed and delivered in exchange and substitution for, and upon cancellation of, such mutilated bond and its coupons, or in lieu of and in substitution for such lost or destroyed bond and its unmatured coupons. Such new bond or coupon shall not be executed or delivered until the holder of the mutilated, lost or destroyed bond (I) has paid the reasonable expense and charges in connection therewith; (ii) in the case of a lost or destroyed bond, has filed with the authority and its treasurer satisfactory evidence that such bond was lost or destroyed and that the holder was the owner thereof; and (iii) has furnished indemnity satisfactory to its treasurer.


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Appendix 2 Park Authority Ordinance

NOTICE OF ADOPTION OF AN ORDINANCE PERTAINING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PARK AUTHORITY TO BE KNOWN AS THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY

NOTICE is hereby given that the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, at its regular meeting held on Wednesday, December 6, 1950, adopted the following ordinance: BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNTY BOARD OF FAIRFAX, AS FOLLOWS: SECTION I. In accordance with the provisions of the 1950 "Park Authorities Act" of the State of Virginia, that the County of Fairfax, Virginia, does hereby create a Park Authority to be known as the Fairfax County Park Authority (hereinafter referred to as "the Authority"). PURPOSES SECTION II. The purposes for which the Authority is created are to: (l) survey the need for park facilities in the County of Fairfax and the availability of desirable

sites and to acquire and develop park facilities in the said County; (2) maintain and operate such park facilities or arrange for maintenance and operation by the

State of Virginia, the Federal Government or any park Authority or park Commission with which it may agree.

POWERS SECTION III. The Authority shall enjoy all the powers authorized under Sections 5, 6, and 7 of the Park Authorities Act2 and shall continue in existence for a period of at least thirty years unless the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County provides for an earlier termination.

MEMBERS OF THE AUTHORITY

SECTION IV. The first members of the Authority, whose terms of office shall begin upon the adoption of this ordinance shall be:

2 Title 15 .1 of the Virginia Code, including the Park Authorities Act, was recodified and renumbered effective

December 1, 1997.


Appendix 2 Park Authority Ordinance (continuation)

Page A-11

Name Address Term of Office Elmer Andrews Centreville, VA Four years John W. Brookfield Springfield, VA Four years John Lynch McLean, VA Four years C.C. Robinson Herndon, VA Four years Robert Wheat Lorton, VA Four years

The members shall elect one of their number Chairman and another Vice Chairman of the Authority and shall elect a Secretary or Treasurer who need not be members of the Authority. Those offices of Secretary and Treasurer may be combined. OFFICES SECTION V. The Authority may maintain an office or offices at such place as it may designate. The principal office shall be at Fairfax, Virginia. TRUST FUNDS SECTION VI. All moneys received by the Authority shall be deemed to be trust funds, to be held and applied as authorized under the Park Authorities Act. The Authority shall designate a fiscal agent to act as trustee of such moneys and to apply such moneys when instructed by the Authority. BE IT FURTHER ORDAINED that this ordinance be, and the same hereby is, made effective this date." GIVEN under my hand this 6th day of December, 1950.

s/ R. M. LoughboroughClerk of said Board


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Appendix 3 Park Authority Ordinance as Amended

NOTICE OF ADOPTION OF AMENDMENTS TO AN ORDINANCE HERETOFORE ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA, ON DECEMBER 6, 1950, KNOWN AS THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY ORDINANCE

Notice is hereby given that at the regular meeting of the Board of County Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, held on January 12, 1955, in the Board Room in the County Office Building at Fairfax, Virginia, the said Board, by unanimous vote of all members present, and after having first given due notice of its intention so to do in the manner prescribed by law, adopted amendments to an Ordinance Heretofore Adopted by the Board of County Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, on December 6, 1950, known as the Fairfax County Park Authority Ordinance, said amendments, so adopted on January 12, 1955, being in the words and figures following, to wit: "BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of County Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, that the ordinance adopted by this Board on December 6, 1950, creating the Fairfax County Park Authority, be amended as follows, to wit: SECTION I. Amend Section I to read: "In accordance with the provisions of the 1950 ‘Park Authorities Act’ of the State of Virginia, Chapter 21.1 of Title 154 of the Code of Virginia, as amended, that the County of Fairfax, Virginia, does hereby create a Park Authority to be known as the Fairfax County Park Authority (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Authority’). SECTION II. Amend Section II to read as follows: ‘The purposes for which the Authority is created are: (1) To examine into the need for park facilities and the availability of desirable park sites in the

County of Fairfax. (2) To acquire, maintain and operate parks and park facilities in the County of Fairfax. (3) To arrange for the maintenance and operation of parks and park facilities in the County of

Fairfax by the State of Virginia, the United States Government or any park Authority or park Commission with which it may agree."

4

Title 15.1 of the Virginia Code was recodified and renumbered effective December 1, 1997.


Appendix 3 Park Authority Ordinance as Amended (continuation)

Page A-13

SECTION III. Amend Section III to read as follows: "The Authority shall enjoy all the powers authorized under Sections V, VI, and VII of the Park Authorities Act of 1950, Section 15-714.5 of the Code of Virginia, as amended in 1952, and all future amendments to Chapter 21.1 of Title 15 of the Code of Virginia,7 and shall continue in existence for a term of thirty years unless the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County shall provide for its earlier termination." SECTION IV. Section IV shall be amended to read as follows: "The Authority shall have six members. The members of the Authority shall elect one of their number chairman of the Authority and shall elect a secretary and a treasurer who need not be members of the Authority. The offices of secretary and treasurer may be combined." SECTION VI. Section VI shall be amended to read as follows: "All monies received by the Authority shall be deemed to be trust funds, to be held and applied solely as provided in Chapter 21.1 of Title 15 of the Code of Virginia, as amended in 1952.8 The Authority shall designate a fiscal agent to act as trustee of all monies as it shall receive. The trustee shall hold such monies for the purpose enumerated in Chapter 21.1 of the Code of Virginia and in this ordinance and shall disburse the same only upon the duly adopted resolution of the Authority." SECTION VIII. The ordinance shall be further amended by adding the following paragraph: Section VIII. "All actions, proceedings, and doings of the Authority under and by virtue of this ordinance as originally adopted, prior to the adoption of this amendment, are hereby ratified, confirmed and validated." SECTION IX. The ordinance shall be further amended by adding the following new paragraph:

7 See Footnote 4




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"Section IX. If any part, paragraph, section, subsection, clause, or phrase of this ordinance is held to be invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance, which shall remain in full force and effect as if this ordinance had been passed with the invalid part or parts, section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase hereof omitted, and this Board now declares that it would have adopted this ordinance if such invalid paragraph, part, parts, section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase had not been included herein." GIVEN under my hand this 12th day of January, 1955.

/s/ Edna A. BickslerClerk of said Board

AN ORDINANCE APPROVING CERTAIN PARK FACILITIES TO BE FINANCED, ACQUIRED AND CONSTRUCTED BY THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY AND AMENDING THE POWER OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY SUPERVISORS TO TERMINATE THE EXISTENCE OF THE AUTHORITY WHILE AN OBLIGATION IS OUTSTANDING.

WHEREAS, §1230 of the Park Authorities Act (Chapter 27, Title 15.1,9 Code of Virginia, 1950, as amended) provides in part that if the governing body of the political subdivision which organized a park authority fails to specify any project or projects to be undertaken by such park authority and does not disapprove any project or projects proposed by such park authority, then such park authority shall be deemed to have all the powers granted by said Park Authorities Act; and WHEREAS, the Fairfax County Park Authority, a park authority heretofore organized by the Board of County Supervisors of Fairfax County, as the governing body of Fairfax County (herein sometimes called the "Board") under the provisions of the Park Authorities Act, proposes to issue its revenue bonds to pay the cost of: a) acquiring, constructing and equipping a new eighteen hole public golf course on approximately 186 acres of land owned by said Authority in Fairfax County, b) acquiring, constructing and equipping approximately 200 camping accommodations with attendant facilities at an existing park owned by the Authority in Fairfax County and known as Burke Lake Park, c) purchasing and installing a miniature train at said Burke Lake Park, and d) purchasing and installing a stern wheel boat in each of three lakes, namely, Lake Accotink, Lake Fairfax and Burke Lake, respectively, located within existing parks owned by the Authority in Fairfax County, Virginia; and




Page A-15

WHEREAS, the Board has determined that the facilities mentioned in the foregoing preamble will constitute desirable and appropriate additions to the park and recreational facilities available within Fairfax County, Virginia, which it does not disapprove; and WHEREAS, the ordinance creating the Authority, adopted by the Board of December 6, 1950, as amended on January 12, 1955, provides that the Authority shall continue in existence for a term of thirty years unless the Board shall provide for its earlier termination and the Board has no intention of terminating the Authority after any obligation has been incurred by the Authority and while any such obligation remains binding and has determined to amend said provision for the Authority's earlier termination; now, therefore, BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of County Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia: Section 1. The Board hereby approves the facilities mentioned in the preambles of this ordinance as projects to be undertaken by the Authority and hereby approves the acquisition, construction, purchase and installation of said facilities without in any way specifying these as the only projects which may be undertaken by the Authority. Section 2. Section 3 of the ordinance creating the Authority, adopted by the Board on December 6, 1950, as amended on January 12, 1955, be and the same is hereby further amended by adding the phrase "provided that the existence of said Authority may not be terminated after any obligation has been incurred by the Authority and while any such obligation remains binding, unless the Board of County Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, agrees to assume and pay said obligation," so that Section 3 shall read as follows: "SECTION III. The Authority shall enjoy all the powers authorized under Sections 5, 6 and 7 of the Park Authorities Act10 and shall continue in existence for a period of at least thirty years unless the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County provide for an earlier termination provided that the existence of the said Authority may not be terminated after any obligation has been incurred by the Authority and while any such obligation remains binding unless the Board of County Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, agrees to assume and pay said obligation." Section 3. This ordinance shall take effect on its adoption. GIVEN under my hand this 7th day of September, 1966.

/s/ Edna A. BickslerEdna A. Bicksler Clerk of said Board

10 Title 15.1 of the Virginia Code, including the Park Authorities Act, was recodified and renumbered effective

December 1, 1997.



Page A-16

ADOPTION OF AN AMENDMENT TO THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY ORDINANCE, ADOPTED DECEMBER 6, 1950, AS AMENDED

At a regular meeting of the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, held in the Board Room of the County Office Building, at Fairfax, Virginia, on Wednesday, February 5, 1969, the Board, after having first given notice of its intention so to do, in the manner prescribed by law, adopted an amendment to the Fairfax County Park Authority Ordinance, adopted December 6, 1950, as amended, said amendment so adopted being in the words and figures following, to-wit: BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, as follows: Section 4 shall be amended by deleting the present language and substituting therefor the following: Section 4, Membership and Officers The Authority shall have eight members. The members of the Authority shall elect one of their members chairman of the Authority and shall elect a secretary and a treasurer who need not be members of the Authority. The offices of secretary and treasurer may be combined. GIVEN under my hand this 5th day of February, 1969.


ADOPTION OF AN AMENDMENT TO THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY ORDINANCE, ADOPTED DECEMBER 6, 1950, AS AMENDED

At a regular meeting of the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, held in the Board Room of the Massey Building, at Fairfax, Virginia, on Wednesday, March 17, 1971, the Board, after having first given notice of its intention so to do. in the manner prescribed by law, adopted an amendment to the Fairfax County Park Authority Ordinance, adopted December 6, 1950, as amended, said amendment so adopted being in the words and figures following, to wit:



Page A-17

BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, as follows: Section 4 shall be amended by deleting the present language and substituting therefor the following: Section 4, Membership and Officers The Authority shall have ten members. The members of the Authority shall elect one of their members chairman of the Authority and shall elect a secretary and a treasurer who need not be members of the Authority. The office of secretary and treasurer may be combined. GIVEN under my hand this 17th day of March, 1971.


ADOPTION OF AMENDMENTS TO AN ORDINANCE HERETOFORE ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF FAIRFAX COUNTY VIRGINIA, ON DECEMBER 6, 1950, AS AMENDED, KNOWN AS THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY ORDINANCE

At a regular meeting of the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, held in the Board Room of the Massey Building at Fairfax, Virginia, on Monday, April 6, 1981, the Board, after having first given notice of its intention so to do, in the manner prescribed by law, adopted amendments to an Ordinance heretofore adopted on December 6, 1950, known as the Fairfax County Park Authority Ordinance, as amended, said amendments being in the words and figures following, to-wit: BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA: Amend Section I to read: "In accordance with the provisions of the Park Authorities Act of the State of Virginia, Chapter 27 of Title 15.111 of the Code of Virginia, as amended, the County of Fairfax, Virginia, does hereby recreate and continue in existence a park authority to be known as the Fairfax County Park Authority (hereinafter referred to as 'the Authority')."




Page A-18

Section III. Amend Section III to read: "The Authority shall enjoy all the powers authorized under the Park Authorities Act and shall continue in existence for a period of 5 years unless the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County provides for an earlier termination provided that the existence of the said Authority may not be terminated after any obligation has been incurred by the Authority and while any such obligation remains binding unless the Board of County Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, agrees to assume and pay said obligation." GIVEN under my hand this 6th day of April, 1981.

/s/Ethel Wilcox RegisterEthel Wilcox Register Clerk to the Board

AMENDMENT TO AMEND AND REENACT SECTION III OF THE ORDINANCE WHICH CREATED THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY ON DECEMBER 6, 1950, AS AMENDED

An Ordinance to amend and reenact Section III of the Ordinance which created the Fairfax County Park Authority on December 6, 1950, as amended. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA:

1. Section III of the Fairfax County Ordinance which created the Fairfax County Park Authority on December 6, 1950, as amended, is hereby amended and reenacted as follows:

SECTION III.

The Authority shall enjoy all the powers authorized under the Park Authorities Act and shall continue in existence until October 28, 2021, unless the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County provides for an earlier termination provided that the existence of the said Authority may not be terminated after any obligation has been incurred by the Authority and while any such obligation remains binding unless the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, agrees to assume and pay said obligation. _______________________________ October 28, 1991, 7:30 P.M.



Page A-19

AMENDMENT TO AMEND AND REENACT SECTION IV OF THE ORDINANCE WHICH CREATED THE

FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY ON DECEMBER 6, 1950, AS AMENDED

An ordinance to amend and reenact Section IV of the uncodified ordinance adopted on

December 6, 1950, as amended, relating to the membership of the Fairfax County Park Authority. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF FAIRFAX COUNTY: Section IV shall be amended by deleting the present language and substituting therefor the following: 3. That Section IV of the uncodified ordinance adopted on December 6, 1950, as amended,

is amended and reenacted as follows: SECTION IV. Membership and officers.

The Authority shall have twelve members who shall be appointed by the Board in accordance with the Park Authorities Act. The members of the Authority shall elect one of their members chairman of the Authority and shall elect a secretary and a treasurer who need not be members of the Authority. The office of secretary and treasurer may be combined. __________________ January 27, 1992, 5:00 P.M.


Page A-20

Appendix 4 Park Authority Bylaws BY-LAWS GOVERNING THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY OF FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA AS REVISED AND ADOPTED May 11, 2005 Be it resolved by the Fairfax County Park Authority of Fairfax County, Virginia, that the By-Laws of said Authority be, and the same are, as follows: Article I - Officers Section I - Terms of Office of OfficersThe officers of the Fairfax County Park Authority of Fairfax County, Virginia, shall be Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot of the Authority at a regular meeting in January of each year, or at such other time as there may be a vacancy. The offices of Secretary and Treasurer may be combined. All of the foregoing officers shall be Members of the Authority and shall hold office until the next annual election. Section II - Duties of the ChairmanThe Chairman shall be the executive officer of the Authority. The Chairman shall convey to the Director all policy decisions of the Authority and will cause these policies to be administered by the Director. The Chairman shall be the official representative of the Authority at all functions unless representation is specifically delegated to another Member. The Chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Authority and shall be an ex-officio member of all standing and special committees established by the Authority. Section III - Duties of the Vice ChairmanThe Vice Chairman, in the absence of the Chairman, shall be vested with all the powers and perform all the duties of the Chairman. Section IV - Duties of the Secretary and TreasurerThe Secretary-Treasurer shall be responsible for ensuring that due notices are given of all Authority meetings and that proper records are kept of all proceedings of the Authority. The Treasurer shall have custody of the corporate seal and shall attest and affix the seal to all instruments requiring such action when authorized by the Authority. If the offices of Secretary and Treasurer are combined, then the duties of such shall also be combined. Article II - Administration Section I - DirectorThe Director shall be responsible to the Authority for the administration, acquisition, planning, development, maintenance, and operation of all property under the jurisdiction of the Fairfax County Park Authority. The Director shall evaluate properties under consideration for acquisition by the Authority and make recommendations to the Authority concerning their disposition. The Director may delegate authority to responsible subordinates but shall be held ultimately responsible for these actions.


Appendix 4 Park Authority Bylaws (continuation)

Page A-21

The Director shall formulate regulations and procedures as deemed necessary for proper administration of the organization and its holdings so long as these regulations and procedures are consistent with the policies established by the Authority. The Director shall represent the Authority at the executive level at meetings and as otherwise appropriate in relationship to other official agencies, citizens' organizations, and individuals, and establish close liaison with other departments of the County and the State. The Director shall be responsible for all administrative activities of the Authority including, but not limited to, preparing agendas for meetings, ensuring adequate records are kept and preparation and submission of annual operating and capital improvement budgets for approval of the Authority and will conform with budgets as approved. The Director shall carry out the capital improvement projects in accordance with the approved budgets of the Authority.

The Director shall perform such other duties as the Authority may require. Section II - Other EmployeesOther personnel may be employed in accordance with the approved annual operating budgets. Such employees shall be responsible to the Director or designated staff and shall perform duties and functions as may be assigned them. Article III - Committees Section I - AppointmentAll standing and special committees shall be appointed by the Chairman, who shall be an ex-officio member of all committees. Section II - Standing and Special CommitteesStanding Committees shall be composed of not more than seven members of whom at least four shall be members of the Authority. Standing Committees shall be appointed for a term of one year at the first meeting following the election of officers in January. Special Committees shall be composed of such number of members as are deemed necessary to accomplish their purpose. The duties of all such committees shall be defined by the Authority and actions of such committees shall be reported to the Authority. Article IV - Meetings Section I - Regular MeetingsRegular meetings of the Authority shall be held in Fairfax County a minimum of twenty times per year at a place and time to be determined by the Authority. The meeting schedule may be revised by vote of the Authority. Section II - Special MeetingsSpecial meetings of the Authority shall be called by the Chairman, or by the Secretary-Treasurer, at the request in writing of any three members of the Authority. Notice shall be given the members of the Authority 48 hours prior to such meeting.


Appendix 4 Park Authority Bylaws (continuation)

Page A-22

Section III - QuorumsSeven members of the Authority shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings. (Afore-statement Amended March 24, 1992, to reflect the expansion of the Park Authority Board from ten to twelve members.) Discussion may proceed at Standing and Special Committees when three or more Authority members are present. A majority of the appointed members present shall constitute a quorum at meetings of Standing and Special Committees for business requiring a vote. Section IV - VotingThe yeas and nays shall be taken upon passing any resolution and upon any proposals which create any liability, or for the appropriation of expenditure of funds, and in all cases when requested by any member. Resolutions or other actions requiring a yea and nay vote shall be recorded in the written minutes. All members present shall be recorded as a yea, nay or abstention. Article V - Fiscal Year The year of the Authority shall coincide with that of the Fairfax County Government. Article VI - Parliamentary Authority The rules contained in Robert's Rules of Order shall govern the Authority in all cases to which they are applicable, and in which they are not inconsistent with the By-Laws or special rules of order of this Authority. Article VII - Statutory Responsibilities The Park Authority operates under a contract with the Board of Supervisors. The provisions of the contract shall not be construed as limiting the Park Authority's statutory responsibility for the control of its trust funds and the discharge of its nondelegable duties. Article VIII - Amendment of the By-Laws Any article of the By-Laws may be amended or repealed, and any new article may be incorporated therein by vote of the majority of the Authority's members after all members of the Authority have been notified in writing of the proposed changes at least ten days before the meeting at which the changes are considered. Adopted and approved by the Fairfax County Park Authority this eleventh day of May, 2005. /s/ Harold L. Strickland ATTEST: /s/ Frank S. VajdaChairman Secretary-Treasurer _______________________ Revised and approved May 11, 2005


Page A-23

Appendix 5 Park Authority Bylaws as Amended This policy amendment has been incorporated into Appendix 4 Park Authority Bylaws as Revised and Adopted May 11, 2005. __________________ Revised and approved May 11, 2005


Page A-24

Appendix 6 Memorandum of Understanding Between the Board of Supervisors and the Park Authority FAIRFAX COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS and FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING

BE IT AGREED by and between the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County and the Fairfax County Park Authority as follows: 1. The Fairfax County Park Authority Board, subject to approval by the Fairfax County Board of

Supervisors, will appoint a Director of the Fairfax County Park Authority. The Director will serve at the pleasure of the Fairfax County Park Authority Board and will have the following responsibilities to the Board.

A. To appoint the officers, agents, and employees of the Park Authority permanent or

temporary as may be required, and to determine their qualifications, duties and compensation.

B. To enter into contracts pursuant to the provisions of the Virginia Code 15.1-1232 (1981)

as amended. C. To interpret, implement and administer all policy decisions of the Authority as conveyed

to the Director by the Fairfax County Park Authority Board. D. To carry out all the activities of the Authority to include those set forth in Article II -

Administration, Director, Section I of the Bylaws governing the Fairfax County Park Authority of Fairfax County, Virginia as revised and adopted May 19, 1981, or as may be amended during the term of this agreement.

2. Annually the Fairfax County Park Authority Board will provide the Board of Supervisors with

a performance evaluation on the appointed Director of the Park Authority. The evaluation will include a Park Board recommendation for any salary changes for the Director. The actual salary level will be established by the Board of Supervisors in accordance with the County's Merit System. The Fairfax County Park Authority Board shall develop written procedures and guidelines to delineate the Director's responsibilities as set forth in paragraph number one above, and to clarify performance standards for evaluation in accordance with this agreement.

3. The Fairfax County Executive, during the period of this agreement, will perform the duties as

the Board of Supervisor's administrative liaison to the Fairfax County Park Authority. In this capacity the County Executive will represent the Board of Supervisors on matters affecting budget planning, organizational administration, and the design/construction phases of


Appendix 6 Memorandum of Understanding Between the Board of Supervisors and the Park Authority (continuation)

Page A-25

development that the FCPA may undertake as a participant in County processes and procedures.

4. The Fairfax County Park Authority will use the legal services of the County Attorney's Office

unless the Authority and the County Attorney believes that (a) the service needed is non-routine and time critical which could not be mat by the County Attorney's Office or (b) that a conflict of interest may exist. Upon recognition of the need for outside counsel, the Authority will proceed to select counsel from an approved list submitted by the County Attorney.

5. Upon mutual agreement of the Board of Supervisors and the park Authority, the County

Executive may direct the transfer of any park Authority program, activity, or function to one or more general County agencies or departments, or may direct the transfer of any general County function to the Park Authority.

6. The Park Authority’s General Fund Operating Budget is to be prepared in accordance with

procedures and formats established by the Board of Supervisors and used by other County agencies. This is subject to appropriation by the Board of Supervisors.

7. Contributions to the Park Authority operations made by the Board of Supervisors will be in

the form of goods and services with title vesting in the Park Authority. 8. Board of Supervisors contributions to the Park Authority Capital Program will be budgeted

as projects and in accordance with County budget procedures. Project detail sheets with total project estimates and complete funding source will be provided to the Board of Supervisors consistent with the County's customary capital construction budget process. The anticipated staff level and operating costs involved with each project also will be submitted to the Board of Supervisors for their review and comments. The capital budget submission will include project details identifying the specific fiscal year that the facility will begin operating and the specific Park funding source for operating the new facility. The Park Authority will submit its Capital Program by priority as established by the Park Authority. The Capital budget will identify all sources of funds including Park Capital Trust Funds. The Board of Supervisors will appropriate only to those expenditures supported by non-trust fund monies (primarily general obligation bond monies).

9. Funds (including revenue from park operations, grants, and gifts) received by the Park

Authority should be considered as trust funds of the Authority to be appropriated and expended solely by the Authority in accordance with its Trust Fund Budget. The Park Authority has the fiduciary responsibility under the law to appropriate, manage and expend operating Trust Funds. To provide the Board of Supervisors with the information necessary for an overview of the total Fairfax County park program, the Park Authority agrees to adopt such budgeting and reporting procedures for the Operating Trust Fund as are in use by the General County Government.



Page A-26

10. As permitted by the Park Authorities Act, 15.1-1235,8 the Director of Finance of Fairfax County is appointed fiscal agent and trustee for Park Authority Funds. The Director of Finance will employ accounting principles and techniques satisfactory to the State Auditor of Public Accounts and the County's auditor (who shall also be the Authority’s auditor), and in such detail as may be compatible with the above and as may be required by the Park Authority.

11. The Director of Finance shall maintain a fund structure for Park Authority Funds consistent

with County policy and procedures. The structure of Park Authority Trust Funds shall be compatible with the established accounting system but may otherwise be as desired by the Park Authority.

12. The County Director of Finance may, except where provided otherwise by revenue bond

resolution, invest Park Authority funds with the County ‘pooled cash' investments. All funds shall be accounted for in a manner that will provide an audit trail identifying the equity of the Fairfax County Park Authority in the cash pool. Trust funds so invested and interest earned on the trust fund money are subject to appropriations only by the Fairfax County Park Authority.

13. The Authority has requested, and the Board of Supervisors has agreed, that the Authority’s

employees shall be administered under the provisions governing the County's personnel system both as in effect now and as may be subsequently modified by the Board of Supervisors. Park Authority positions currently designated as being in competitive service and those currently designated as being exempt service shall continue to be treated as such unless changed by the Authority. It is also agreed that employees of the Authority shall have the same rights to file grievances under the County's grievance procedure as County employees.

14. All Park Authority purchasing and bidding will be in accordance with purchasing policies and

procedures established in the County's Purchasing and Supply Management Agency. Procurement practices will be handled through the County Purchasing Agent. As is done with all General County capital projects that the Park Authority will submit all contracts to the Board of Supervisors prior to award to be included in the Board package for review and comment as necessary by the Board of Supervisors.

15. The responsibilities of the Park Authority and of County agencies in the park planning cycle

will be as identified below:

8 Title 15.1 of the Virginia Code, including the Park Authorities Act, was recodified and renumbered effective

December 1, 1997.



Page A-27

Action

Responsible Organization

A. Establishment of integrated program for

County-funded Leisure time activities.

Leisure Time Task Force and Recreation and Community Services

B. Establishment of parks Program to meet

Objectives of A, above.

Park Authority

C. Development of long-range land and

facilities needs plan. - Number and type needed - General locational criteria - Timing and priority

Joint (Park Authority) Office of Comprehensive Planning and Recreation and Community Services

D. Preparation of comprehensive land-use

plans (to include inputs from the Park Authority).

Office of Comprehensive Planning

E. Preparation of County Capital

Improvements Plan (to include Park Authority inputs).


F. Preparation of Community Improvement

Program (including bond sale schedule).


G. Preparation of park site design and

construction plans.

Park Authority

H. Review of park site design and

construction plans.

Recreation & Community Service Police and Fire and other agencies as required

I. Preparation of annual operating budgets

(utilizing County codes, forms and procedures) for all funds.

Park Authority

J. Review and analysis for all funds.

Office of Management Budget

16. Land Acquisition: There would be involvement of County agencies as specified below. The

responsibilities of the Park Authority and County agencies in the process of land acquisition are as follows:



Page A-28

Action

Responsible Organization

A. Establishment of land acquisition

priorities and schedules as to specific sites; and estimates of costs.

Park Authority

B. Research into ownerships, establishment

of actual boundaries (through real estate records).

Park Authority

C. County staff review and recommendation

of specific sites to Park Authority

County Facilities Site Selection Committee including Park Authority

D. Inclusion of site on Public Facilities Plan

upon application by Park Authority--with recommendation of County Facilities Site Section Committee.

Planning Commission (subject to review by Board of Supervisors)

E. Obtaining of appraisals surveys, and

setting price limits.

Park Authority

F. Negotiation of sale and obtaining

engineering studies where deemed necessary. (This is the general case, though there could be exceptions in the case of small acquisitions).

Park Authority

G. Authorization of condemnation action.

Park Authority with assistance by County Attorney as requested by Park Authority.

H. Institution of condemnation action.

Park Authority.

17. Contract Management: The Park Authority will manage all capital contracts in conformance

with adopted County Purchasing Resolutions and appropriate financial management procedures used by all the County Agencies.

18. The Board of Supervisors shall include the members of the Authority's Board among those

boards and commissions covered by its Resolution on the Indemnification and Defense of Officers and Employees (copy attached as Exhibit 1).



Page A-29

19. While the Park Authority agrees to follow and comply with County procedures where possible as provided above, none of the foregoing provisions is to be construed as limiting the Park Authority's statutory responsibility for the control of its trust funds and the discharge of its non-delegable duties.

20. The foregoing provisions are not to be construed or applied in a manner contrary to

applicable laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. This Memorandum of Agreement shall remain in full force and effect until terminated either by written agreement of both parties, or after 360 days written notification by either party to the other. The Memorandum of Agreement shall be formally reviewed by both parties after five years from the date of this Memorandum of Agreement.9 The Memorandum of Agreement may be amended only by the mutual agreement of the Park Authority Board and the Board of Supervisors. During the period that this Memorandum of Agreement is in force, neither the Authority nor the Board shall take any unilateral action or establish any policy contrary to or in derogation of any of the matters agreed to in the Memorandum of Agreement. 10/16/91 /s/ Audrey Moore Date Chairman, Fairfax County Board of Supervisors 10/17/91 /s/ Thomas B. White, Jr. A Copy Teste: /s/ Nancy Vehrs Clerk to the Board

9

This memorandum was reviewed in the Fall of 1996. At a meeting between the Chairman of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors and the Chairman of the Fairfax County Park Authority on November 4, 1996, it was agreed to continue it without change.



Page A-30

FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA MEMORANDUM TO: William Beckner, Director

Fairfax County Park Authority FROM: Anthony H. Griffin /s/

Deputy County Executive for Planning and Development

SUBJECT: Public Hearing on the Continuation of the Fairfax County Park Authority

For a Period of 30 Years Until October 28, 2021 DATE: October 28, 1991 At its meeting on October 28, 1991, the Board of Supervisors concurred in the recommendation of staff and adopted the attached ordinance amendment which continues the Fairfax County Park Authority in existence for a period of 30 years, until October 28, 2021. AHG:mlh Attachment



Page A-31

AMENDMENT TO AMEND AND REENACT SECTION III OF THE ORDINANCE WHICH CREATED THE FAIRFAX COUNTY PARK AUTHORITY ON DECEMBER 6, 1950, AS AMENDED

An Ordinance to amend and reenact Section III of the Ordinance which created the Fairfax County Park Authority on December 6, 1950, as amended.

BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA:

1. Section III of the Fairfax County Ordinance which created the Fairfax County Park

Authority on December 6, 1950, as amended, is hereby amended and reenacted as follows:

SECTION III.

The Authority shall enjoy all the powers authorized under the Park Authorities Act and shall continue in existence until October 28, 2021, unless the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County provides for an earlier termination provided that the existence of the said Authority may not be terminated after any obligation has been incurred by the Authority and while any such obligation remains binding unless the Board of Supervisors of Fairfax County, Virginia, agrees to assume and pay said obligation. __________________ October 28, 1991, 7:30 P.M.


Page A-32

Appendix 7 Park Authority Regulations

Index These regulations were adopted on October 23, 2002, and amended on May 24, 2006, by the Fairfax County Park Authority Board and are authorized by §15.2-5704(17) of the Code of Virginia. Violations of any of these regulations are punishable as a class four misdemeanor pursuant to the Code of Virginia §15.2-5705. Upon conviction, the penalty is a fine of up to $250 (§18.2-11). Failure to abide by these regulations may also result in violators being prohibited from future use of park property, facilities or services.

Regulations §1.01 Amplified Sound §1.02 Business Activities, Soliciting and Advertising

A. Business Activities B. Solicitation C. Advertisements

§1.03 Camping A. Areas and Fees B. Sewage

§1.04 Dangerous Devices A. Projectiles B. Knives C. Fireworks

§1.05 Domestic Animals A. Cages and Leashes B. Horses C. Feeding Domestic Animals

§1.06 Fires A. Location B. Control and Extinguishment C. Violation of Fire Bans

§1.07 Fishing §1.08 Historic Artifacts, Features and Man-Made Objects §1.09 Hours of Operation

A. Opening and Closing B. Visiting with Campers C. Lighted Facilities

§1.10 Hunting and Trapping §1.11 Ice Skating §1.12 Maintenance of Motor Vehicles §1.13 Metal Detectors

§1.14 Motor Vehicles and Traffic A. Speed Limit Where None is

Posted B. Prohibited Vehicles C. Motorized Wheelchairs and

Assistive Devices D. Off-road Vehicle Operation E. Parking and Overnight Parking

§1.15 Protection of Park Property A. Construction B. Encroachments C. Excavation D. Off-Trail Use E. Unauthorized Trails

§1.16 Public Gathering §1.16-1 Athletic Field Use §1.17 Remote-Control Devices and

Powered Models or Toys §1.18 Restricted Areas §1.19 Rest Rooms and Bath Houses

A. Harassment and Intimidation B. Inappropriate Behavior

§1.20 Signs §1.21 Swimming, Bathing and Wading §1.22 Wildlife and Habitat Protection

A. Animals B. Feeding of Wild Animals C. Removal of Plants and Fungi D. Abandonment or Release of

Animals E. Planting or Release of Seeds or

Spores F. Habitat Preservation G. Removal of Natural Materials


Appendix 7 Park Regulations (continuation)

Page A-33

Revised and Adopted May 24, 2006 Definitions For the purpose of administering, enforcing or interpreting these regulations the following definitions shall apply: Park Authority shall refer to either the Fairfax County Park Authority or the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority. Park shall refer to any property or facilities owned, leased or maintained by either the Fairfax County Park Authority or the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority. Express Permission shall refer to a special allowance granted by the Park Authority or its director on a case-by-case basis to conduct a specific behavior or activity in exception to these regulations. Law Enforcement/Police Officer has the same meaning as in the Code of Virginia §9.1-101 and also includes the Sheriff of the respective jurisdictions and his or her deputies. General Provisions Parks belong to the people and were created to provide for recreational facilities, the enjoyment and leisure pursuits of the citizenry and for the preservation and interpretation of open space resources. The Fairfax County Park Authority and the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority have been charged with the operation and maintenance of parks under the Park Authorities Act of the Commonwealth of Virginia (Chapter 57, Title 15.2 of the Virginia Code, 1950, as amended). The Park Authority is proud to be a host for public activities, but reserves the right to regulate these activities in the best interest of the park, its users, neighbors and the general public. In order to protect public parks, assure the safety of park users and maximize the public's enjoyment of these parks, it is necessary that Park Authority Regulations be established and adhered to by all park patrons. These regulations shall also apply to all paid and volunteer park staff except in those instances where an exception to these regulations is required for staff to complete tasks as part of their assigned duties. This document seeks to define those activities that are prohibited and/or regulated by law in Park Authority parks. In addition to these regulations, all State and/or local codes, to include but not limited to, Fire Prevention Codes, traffic and game laws, and zoning ordinances are enforceable on park property. These regulations are authorized by §15.2-5704(17) of the Code of Virginia. The following regulations shall apply to all property and facilities owned, leased or maintained by the Park Authority.



Page A-34

A VIOLATION OF ANY OF THESE REGULATIONS IS PUNISHABLE AS A CLASS FOUR MISDEMEANOR PURSUANT TO THE CODE OF VIRGINIA §15.2-5705. UPON CONVICTION, THE PENALTY IS A FINE OF UP TO $250 (§18.2-11). FAILURE TO ABIDE BY THESE REGULATIONS MAY ALSO RESULT IN VIOLATORS BEING EJECTED FROM THE PARK IMMEDIATELY AND PROHIBITED FROM FUTURE USE OF PARK PROPERTY, FACILITIES OR SERVICES. Park patrons shall follow the lawful orders of Park employees given to enforce or uphold these regulations. Park employees include both paid and authorized volunteer staff. For the purposes of these regulations, a lawful order is any direction by a law enforcement officer or Park employee for a person or persons to comply with park regulations, rules or policies, state laws or local ordinances or to provide for public safety. If any of these regulations, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the regulations and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall remain in full force and effect. In addition to these regulations, park patrons shall follow rules and policies established by the Park Authority governing the use of parks and park facilities. Regulations §1.01 Amplified Sound No person shall operate in a park, in a manner audible to others, any device designed to produce, reproduce or amplify sound without the express written permission of the Park Authority. §1.02 Business Activities, Soliciting and Advertising A. Business Activities. No person shall sell or make an offer to sell goods or services or

conduct business activities within a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

B. Solicitation. No person shall solicit monetary or other valuable contributions from others in

a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority. C. Advertisements. No person shall advertise goods, services or events within a park without

the express written permission of the Park Authority. For the purposes of this regulation, advertisements include, but are not limited to, the distribution or posting of handbills, flyers, coupons or public announcements or signs mounted on vehicles (see also §1.20 Signs below).



Page A-35

§1.03 Camping A. Areas and Fees. No person shall set up an overnight camping or lodging site in a park

except in areas designated and posted as camping areas. Campers shall register and pay appropriate fees.

B. Sewage. No person shall dispose of sewage or gray water within a park except by

transferring it to a dumping station provided by the Park Authority for this purpose or by storing it in a completely closed container and removing it from the park.

§1.04 Dangerous Devices

A. Projectiles. No person shall operate in a park any device or undertake any activity which will cause a projectile to be loosed or propelled which could injure a person or animal or damage property unless the person is operating the device or engaging in the activity in accordance with established park practices as part of a Park Authority managed or permitted activity. Activities and devices restricted under this provision include, but are not limited to, the hitting of golf balls, and the operation of a bow and arrow, crossbow, taser, spear, slingshot, dart device, or other device designed for high-speed missile projection.

B. Knives. No person shall possess a knife with a blade more than four (4) inches in length

within a park except for the purpose of food preparation. C. Fireworks. No person shall possess or discharge fireworks in a park without the express

written permission of the Park Authority. §1.05 Domestic Animals A. Cages and Leashes. No person shall have in his or her custody within a park any animal,

other than a horse, that is not either caged, or on a leash and under the person’s control; except that a dog may be under the direct supervision of its owner or their agent without a cage or a leash in an area designated as an off-leash dog exercise area. (See §1.05 (B) Horses below for horses.)

B. Horses. No person shall ride or lead a horse other than in an area designated by the Park

Authority for horseback riding. C. Feeding Domestic Animals. No person shall feed any domestic animal other than an

animal under his or her own care within a park unless such feeding is expressly authorized by the Park Authority by a posted sign or in writing.



Page A-36

§1.06 Fires A. Location. No person shall start or use a fire within a park except in facilities provided or

approved by the Park Authority for this purpose. B. Control and Extinguishment. Fires shall be attended at all times and fully extinguished

before the site is left unattended. C. Violation of Fire Bans. No person shall violate any provision of fire bans that the Park

Authority may institute from time to time in order to protect the park resources or public safety.

§1.07 Fishing Fishing is allowed in a park unless otherwise posted. Persons fishing in a park shall comply with Virginia State game laws and all special conditions established by the Park Authority. §1.08 Historic Artifacts, Features and Man-Made Objects No person shall damage, disturb or remove any historic artifacts, historic features or other man-made objects from a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority. For the purposes of these regulations, “historic artifacts” are any material remains that give physical evidence of human occupation, habitation, use or activity; and “historic features” include, but are not limited to, walls, fence lines, cellars, fire pits, mill races, trenches, tent platforms, quarries or any other man-made arrangement of materials or the trace thereof. §1.09 Hours of Operation A. Opening and Closing. No person shall enter a park more than one half hour before sunrise

or remain in a park more than one half hour after sunset unless the person is (i) using a lighted facility (as provided for in §1.09(C) below) or specially posted park, (ii) attending a special event permitted by the Park Authority, (iii) is a bonafide renter or camper or (iv) has the express written permission of the Park Authority to be in a park before opening or after closing. If a patron is in a park outside of operating hours in accordance with exceptions (i – iv) above, the patron must leave the park by the closing time posted for the facility, park or event or specified in the permit.

B. Visiting with Campers. Persons visiting with campers and renters are NOT exempt from a

park’s hours of operation as set forth in §1.09(A) above. C. Lighted Facilities. Hours of operation for facilities for which the Park Authority furnishes

artificial lighting shall be posted at the facility or stipulated in a use permit.



Page A-37

§1.10 Hunting and Trapping Hunting and trapping of wildlife are prohibited in a park except when expressly permitted in writing as part of a Park Authority controlled activity. §1.11 Ice Skating No person shall go upon the ice of any body of water in a park except at such places and at such times as may be designated by the Park Authority. Indoor ice skating is permitted at rinks maintained by the Park Authority for such use, at such times and subject to the rules prescribed and posted at the facility. §1.12 Maintenance of Motor Vehicles No person shall repair, clean, wax or otherwise maintain a motor vehicle in a park. In no case shall anyone discharge or cause to be discharged hazardous substances, including but not limited to, gasoline, antifreeze or motor oil, in a park. §1.13 Metal Detectors No person shall use a metal detector or similar device within a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority. §1.14 Motor Vehicles and Traffic A. Speed Limit Where None Is Posted. Where no speed limit is posted, no person shall

operate a motor vehicle within a park at a speed greater than 20 miles per hour. B. Prohibited Vehicles. (1) No person shall operate within a park a motorized vehicle not licensed for regular use

upon public highways, except that motorized carts furnished or approved by the Park Authority may be operated within designated areas and motorized wheelchairs may be operated in areas as provided for in §1.14(C) below.

(2) No person shall operate within a park a farm tractor or other farm machinery or a type of vehicle used primarily for earth-moving operations, whether or not licensed for regular use upon public highways, without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

(3) Motor-assisted bicycles (commonly referred to as "mopeds") are permitted only in areas where motor vehicles are permitted.

C. Motorized Wheelchairs and Assistive Devices. Motorized wheelchairs and other motorized

assistive devices for mobility impaired persons are permitted in all areas where pedestrian access is permitted, unless otherwise posted by the Park Authority.



Page A-38

D. Off-Road Vehicle Operation. No person shall operate any type of motorized vehicle in areas of a park other than established roadways without the express written permission of the Park Authority except as noted in §1.14 (C) above.

E. Parking and Overnight Parking. No person shall park a motor vehicle in areas of a park

other than those designated by the Park Authority as parking areas. Motor vehicles may not be parked overnight in a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority. Motor vehicles left over night in violation of this regulation may be ticketed and/or towed.

§1.15 Protection of Park Property A. Construction. No person shall erect or construct any structure of any kind, install or perform

any maintenance on any utility, equipment or other device on, below, over or across a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority or in accordance with the terms of an existing easement duly recorded in the appropriate jurisdiction’s land records.

B. Encroachments. No person shall in any way alter, damage, remove or deface any facilities,

features, vegetation, man-made objects or equipment in a park or place; nor erect or store personal property, plant vegetation or deposit debris or refuse in a park as an extension of a use on adjacent property without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

C. Excavation. No person shall make any excavation by tool, equipment, blasting or other

means in a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority or in accordance with the terms of an existing easement duly recorded in the appropriate jurisdiction’s land records.

D. Off-Trail Use. No person shall bicycle, skate, ski or ride horses off of established trails,

walkways or roadways without the express written permission of the Park Authority. E. Unauthorized Trails. No person shall create any new trails without the express written

permission of the Park Authority. §1.16 Public Gathering No person shall organize or engage in a public gathering of more than 75 persons in a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority. For the purposes of these regulations, "public gathering" shall be defined as demonstrations, picketing, speeches, vigils, parades, ceremonies, meetings, rallies, entertainment, games, shows, concerts, picnics, weddings and all other forms of public assembly.



Page A-39

§ 1.16-1 Athletic Field Use Use of an athletic field that results in a gathering of 40 or more participants, including spectators, shall require the express written permission of the Park Authority. §1.17 Remote-Control Devices and Powered Models or Toys No person shall operate hobby rockets, remote-control gliders or powered remote-control or tethered planes, boats, cars or other like devices in a park except in areas designated by and with the express written permission of the Park Authority. §1.18 Restricted Areas

No person shall enter any area in a park designated and posted as restricted without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

§1.19 Rest Rooms and Bath Houses A. Harassment and Intimidation. No person shall remain in the vicinity of a washroom, rest

room, dressing room, or bathhouse in a park with the intent to harass, intimidate or solicit users of such facility.

B. Inappropriate Behavior. No person shall engage in inappropriate behavior in rest rooms,

wash rooms or bath houses. For the purposes of these regulations, inappropriate behavior includes, but is not limited to, sexual activity, use of controlled substances, sleeping, loitering, washing clothes, bathing in fountains or washbasins - or any activities prohibited by law.

§1.20 Signs No person shall post signs in a park except at locations designated by and with the express written permission of the Park Authority. §1.21 Swimming, Bathing and Wading Swimming, bathing and wading are prohibited in bodies of water, to include, but not limited to, streams, rivers, ponds or lakes, within or adjacent to a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority. Swimming, bathing and wading in a park are permitted only in water facilities established by the Park Authority for such purposes and only during posted hours of operation. §1.22 Wildlife and Habitat Protection A. Animals. No person or his or her pet shall harass, capture, remove, injure or kill any animal

or its young or eggs found in a park, or disturb the nest, den, burrow, lodge, roost, dam or



Page A-40

other structure of any animal found in a park, or attempt to do so, unless the person possesses a federal or Virginia state permit and has the express written permission of the Park Authority.

B. Feeding of Wild Animals. No person shall feed any wild animal within a park unless such

feeding is expressly authorized by the Park Authority by a posted sign or in writing. C. Removal of Plants and Fungi. No person shall remove from a park any plant or fungus (e.g.,

mushrooms) or parts thereof including, but not limited to, cuttings, flowers, seeds, berries, nuts or foliage, without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

D. Abandonment or Release of Animals. No person shall abandon, release or cause to be

released into a park any animal or other organism without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

E. Planting or Release of Seeds or Spores. No person shall plant any plant or release or

cause to be released into a park any plant or fungus seeds or spores without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

F. Habitat Preservation. No person shall disturb or modify woodlands, streams, stream banks,

meadows, ponds, lakes or other natural areas within a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

G. Removal of Natural Materials. No person shall remove or use any wood, wood chips, sod,

earth, humus, rocks, minerals, fossils, sand, water or any other natural material from a park without the express written permission of the Park Authority.

__________________ Revised and Adopted May 24, 2006


Page A-41

Appendix 8 Adopt-A-Field Maintenance Agreement ADOPT-A-FIELD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT This Agreement between the Fairfax County Park Authority, hereinafter referred to as the "Authority" and the ______________________________, hereinafter referred to as the "Partner" entitles the Partner to accept and perform all maintenance functions at the ______________________________ for athletic field areas listed below: ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.)

________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) As part of this Agreement, the Partner fully recognizes and accepts the following conditions: • The Partner agrees to apply all chemical applications, including lime, fertilizers, etc. by a

certified, licensed applicator, approved by the Authority. • The Partner agrees to make no additions or changes to any Park property without a written

request(s) and receiving approval by the Authority. All requests should be sent to the Authority, Attention: Director, Fairfax County Park Authority.


Appendix 8 Adopt-A-Field Maintenance Agreement (continuation)

Page A-42

• The Partner agrees to adhere to the terms and conditions of the maintenance agreement. Failure to provide maintenance may result in termination of this agreement.

The Partner agrees to the Authority's right to remove from use, any field

which in its determination is exhibiting excessive wear, deterioration or requires maintenance activity.

The Partner agrees to maintain for the duration of this agreement, general

liability coverage for all liabilities and losses which may arise as a result of the services described herein.

The Authority agrees to upon request, provide expertise and technical

assistance, as is within their abilities, to the Partner.

It is mutually agreed that the Partner accepts full responsibility for all damages and injuries which may result from their actions or negligence. The Park Authority will not be responsible for any claims of property losses or personal injury unless due to the errors, omissions or negligent acts of the Park Authority, its employees or volunteers.

The Partner agrees to accept full responsibility for providing maintenance

in accordance with the Fairfax County Park Authority Maintenance Standards as described on the following pages(s).

Field Usage:

The Partner agrees to recognize that the adopted field(s) must be available for public use when not being used by the adopting organization and that participation in the Adopt-A-field program dies not provide exclusive field use.

The Partner shall be granted priority scheduling by: 1) receiving continued

use of the facility per their field allocation at the time of adoption, except as noted below and 2) receiving the first offer to utilize newly available space at the adopted facility if another group discontinues their use.

Community and Recreation Services shall: 1) maintain the sports

seasonal priorities per Section 3-D of the County's policy; 2) reserve the right to reassign space under-utilized by the Partner; and 3) maintain Park Authority mission essential priorities for field use.



Page A-43

Field Set-Up - (Performed once a year and as needed) This includes the installation of a homeplate and bases. Hollywood style bases are recommended for use on all fields. The Park Authority will provide the initial equipment at the beginning of each season. Turn Maintenance - (Performed once a year and as needed) Tasks included in this process are spring season aeration, fertilization, liming, overseeding, and herbicide application to control weeds and other undesirable vegetation. This work is typically completed during March and April. Mowing - (Performed weekly) Mowing will be the largest time commitment for any Adopt-A-Field organization. All field areas are to be mowed once a week. All edging and trimming are to be completed at the same time the mowing operations take place. Includes surrounding fences and bleacher areas. Warning Tracks - (Performed once a year and as needed) Warning tracks maintenance consists of raking out the track area, re-establishing the edge and adding new crushed stone if necessary. Raking of Infields - (Performed daily) Skinned infields and base paths require daily maintenance. Raking and removing large rocks and other unwanted materials is essential for safe playing condition. Homeplate and base areas must be filled and graded at the conclusion of each game series. Litter Pick-UP - (Performed daily) Litter control is a daily activity that must be performed to maintain the fields aesthetic quality. All field areas are to be free of litter and debris. All discarded materials are to be deposited in County supplied containers. Weekly collection of refuse will be provided by the Park Authority. Infield Lining - (Optional) Infield lining frequency is entirely up to the Adopt-A-Field organization. Fences - (Performed daily) Inspect and repair broken and potentially hazardous fences and backstops. Irrigation and Lighting System Maintenance If an irrigation system is present, all requests for repairs are to be directed to the Park Authority Maintenance Division. Call 324-8592.



Page A-44

This Agreement shall be effective from __________________ to __________________ and is subject to renewal. Application must be made to continue this agreement beyond the designated time period. This Agreement and its terms are governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia ______________________________ ______________________________ Partner Fairfax County Park Authority Authorized Representative ______________________________ ______________________________ Date Date



Page A-45

ADOPT-A-FIELD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT EXTENSION The Fairfax County Park Authority and the ___________________________________ hereby agree to extend participation in the Adopt-A-Field program at _______________ _____________________, subject to the terms stipulated in the original Agreement. This extension will continue indefinitely or until such time as either party terminates the Agreement in writing. In those situations where the Partner has limited their participation to a portion of the year, this extension will be in effect only during those months identified in the original Agreement. This Agreement and its terms are governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. ______________________________ __________________________________ Partner, Authorized Representative Fairfax County Park Authority ______________________________ __________________________________ Date Date


Page A-46

Appendix 9 Adopt-A-Field Maintenance Agreement – Full Adoption ADOPT-A-FIELD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT FULL ADOPTION This agreement between the Fairfax County Park Authority, hereinafter referred to as the "Authority" and the __________________________________________, hereinafter referred to as the "Partner" entitles the Partner to accept and perform all maintenance function at ____________________________________ for the athletic field areas listed below: ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) ________________________ ____________________ (Type of Field) (Field No.) As part of this Agreement, the Partner fully recognized and accepts the following conditions: Partner Requirements: The Partner agrees to maintain for the duration of this agreement, general liability coverage

for all liabilities and losses which may arise as a result of the services described herein. The Partner accepts full responsibility for all damages and injuries which may result from

their actions or negligence. The Park Authority will not be responsible for any claims of property losses or personal injury unless due to the errors, omissions or negligent acts of the Park Authority, its employees or volunteers.

The Partner agrees to make no additions or changes to any Park property without a written

request(s) and receiving approval by the Authority. All requests should be sent to the Authority, Attention: Director, Fairfax County Park Authority.


Appendix 9 Adopt-A-Field Agreement – Full Adoption (continuation)

Page A-47

• The Partner agrees to be responsible for returning to its original condition, any property which is damaged as a result of their actions.

• The Partner agrees to accept full responsibility for providing all maintenance in accordance

with the Fairfax County Park Authority Maintenance Standards as provided by the Authority. Failure to do this may result in termination of this Agreement.

• The Partner agrees to provide maintenance activities on a year around basis. Performance

of these activities over only a portion of the year does no meet the Full Adoption requirements and may result in termination of this Agreement.

• The Partner agrees to the Authority’s right to remove from use, any field which in its

determination is exhibiting excessive wear, deterioration or requires maintenance activity. • The Partner agrees to apply all chemical applications, including lime, fertilizers, etc. by a

certified, licensed applicator, approved by the Authority. • The Partner recognizes that the Authority agrees to, upon request, provide expertise and

technical assistance, as is within their abilities, to the Partner. Field Usage: The Partner agrees to recognize that the adopted field(s) must be available for public use

when not being used by the adopting organization and that participation in the Adopt-A-Field program doe not provide exclusive field use.

The Authority agrees to permit the Partner, to schedule field use activities outside the

normal use period on the adopted fields. Field use benefits apply solely to the Partner and are not transferable.

The Partner shall be granted priority scheduling by: 1) receiving continued use of the facility

per their field allocation at the time of adoption, except as noted below and 2) receiving the first offer to utilize newly available space at the adopted facility if another group discontinues their use.

Community and Recreation Services shall: 1) maintain the sports seasonal priorities per

Section 3-D of the County's policy; 2) reserve the right to reassign space under-utilized by the Partner; and 3) maintain Park Authority mission essential priorities for field use.

Commissions: The Authority agrees to exempt the Partner from providing to the Authority any commissions

due from the sale of items or other revenue generation conducted by the Partner. A description of all resale items must be forwarded and approved by the Authority prior to sale.


Appendix 9 Adopt-A-Field Agreement – Full Adoption (continuation)

Page A-48

Commercial sales and vending are prohibited under this Agreement, as are the charging of admission or entrance fees to any Park, Park area or event.

This agreement shall be effective from __________________ to ___________________ and is subject to renewal. Application must be made to continue this agreement beyond the designated time period. This agreement and its terms are governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. ______________________________ ______________________________ Partner Fairfax County Park Authority Authorized Representative ______________________________ ______________________________ Date Date


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Appendix 10 Adopt-A-Park Maintenance Agreement ADOPT-A-PARK MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT This agreement between the Fairfax County Park Authority, hereinafter referred to as the "Authority" and the ______________________________ hereinafter referred to as the "Partner" to accept and perform maintenance functions at ______________________________ for the areas or facilities identified below: (Name of Park) ____________________________________

(Area of Facility) As part of this Agreement, the Partner fully recognizes and accepts the following conditions: • All chemical applications, including lime, fertilizers, etc. must be applied by a certified,

licensed applicator, approved by the Authority. • No additions or changes to any Park property may be made by the Partner without a written

request and approval by the Authority. All requests should be sent to the Authority, attention Deputy Director for Development.

• The Partner will be responsible for returning to its original condition, any property which is

damaged as a result of their actions. • The Partner accepts full responsibility for all damages and injuries which may result from

their actions or negligence. The Park Authority will not be responsible for any claims of property losses or personal injury.

• The Partner shall accept full responsibility for providing maintenance in accordance with the

Fairfax County Park Authority Maintenance Standards as described on the following page(s).


Appendix 10 Adopt-A-Park Maintenance Agreement (continuation)

Page A-50

THIS PAGE OF THE AGREEMENT WILL BE A DESCRIPTION OF THE RESPONSIBILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE PARTNER. IT WILL BE EXPLICIT IN REGARDS TO THE TIMING, FREQUENCY AND EXTENT OF MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES. THE CONTENTS OF THIS REQUIREMENTS PAGE SHOULD BE PREVIOUSLY AGREED UPON AND DISCUSSED AT THE MEETING BETWEEN THE PARTNER AND APPROPRIATE FCPA DIVISION.



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Upon request, the Authority agrees to provide expertise and technical assistance, as is within their abilities, to the Partner. This agreement shall be effective from _________________ to __________________ and is subject to renewal. Application must be made to continue this agreement beyond the designated time period. This agreement and its terms are governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. ______________________________ ______________________________ Partner, Authorized Representative Fairfax County Park Authority ______________________________ ______________________________ Date Date



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ADOPT-A-PARK MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT EXTENSION The Fairfax County Park Authority and the ______________________________ hereby agree to extend participation in the Adopt-A-Park program at ______________________________, subject to the terms stipulated in the original Agreement. This extension will continue indefinitely or until such time as either party terminates the Agreement in writing. In those situations where the Partner has limited their participation to a portion of the year, this extension will be in effect only during those months identified in the original Agreement. This Agreement and its terms are governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. ______________________________ ______________________________ Partner, Authorized Representative Fairfax County Park Authority ______________________________ ______________________________ Date Date


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Appendix 11 Park Classification System Parklands shall usually be classified in one of the categories listed below. However, the list is not restrictive since citizen needs, both present and future, may require acquisition of combination park types or ones that differ from all the categories listed below. The typical types of facilities listed under each category are neither all-inclusive nor mandatory. All of these park categories and recreational facilities are important in a well-rounded park system and must be provided if Fairfax County is to continue to provide a desirable living environment for its citizens. Neighborhood Parks. Neighborhood parks may be either residential or urban.

Residential Parks. Residential Parks provide easily accessible, low intensity recreational areas for unscheduled use, visual relief from urban congestion and scenic value, and buffering between adjacent land uses. Administrative responsibility is with the Fairfax County Par Authority, town and city jurisdictions, or Homeowner/Resident Associations. The park should be located to serve residential developments planned for a density of 2 du/acre or greater within a 15-minute walk or less. Access is primarily by foot or bicycle with very limited, if any, parking. Parking facilities are not mandatory. The service area is approximately � mile. The park size typically will be 5 or more acres, with 2.5 acres suitable for development of recreation facilities. The total acreage may vary from 3-10 acres depending on availability of land and choice of facility options. Ease of non-motorized access is a primary consideration. Development may include, but is not necessarily limited to, a picnic table unit, open play area, court facilities, trail connections to contiguous park land where feasible, playground, tot lot, trails, garden/seating areas, activity/game areas and fitness stations.

Urban Parks. Urban Parks provide visual enhancement, open space and pedestrian oriented amenities in designated areas of the County. Administrative responsibility is with private commercial landowners, the Fairfax County Park Authority, or joint public and private partnerships. The location and access are in Tysons Corner Urban Center, suburban centers and community business centers, primarily with pedestrian access. The service area is within approximately a five-minute walking distance from offices and residents. These parks may include urban style plazas, mini parks, and greenways, including trails, oriented to pedestrian and/or bicycle use by the work force and local residents. Informal activities and programmed events during lunch hours and after-work hours are intended to foster social interactions between users and provide leisure opportunities.

Community Parks. Community Parks provide a variety of individual and organized recreation activities conveniently located for short term visits. Administrative responsibility is with the Fairfax County Park Authority, town and city jurisdictions and schools. Community Parks may be located in residential neighborhoods and suburban centers. Wherever possible, Community Parks are located adjacent to elementary or intermediate schools to maximize co-location of recreation facilities. In mixed-use developments, proximity to retail/office areas is desirable for co-location of parking and minimum impact on residences. Access should be via secondary road where possible. Parking is provided on site or co-located with appropriate adjoining development. The service area is within a 5-10 minute drive or a 15-20 minute bicycle trip.


Appendix 11 Park Classification System (continuation)

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Depending on the density of surrounding communities, the service area generally extends up to three miles. The park size typically will be 10-50 acres, serving several neighborhoods. Facility development may include 2 picnic units, 2-4 court facilities (tennis, basketball and/or volleyball), playground, tot lot, garden plots, fitness stations, 2-3 athletic fields, trails and parking. Courts and athletic fields may be lighted or unlighted. On-site parking is required for athletic field development. If a site accommodates development of four or more fields, restroom facilities should be provided. District Parks. District Parks provide diversified area-wide recreation services to several sectors of the county; they are intended to support extended day use for both informal and organized activities, and to protect and interpret identified natural and cultural resources. Administrative responsibility is with the Fairfax County Park Authority. District Parks may be located anywhere in the county outside of urban centers, preferably with access by secondary or arterial roads. Access should be available by the Countywide Trial System to encourage pedestrian and bicycle trips; access by public transit is highly desirable. On-site parking is required. The service area should be within a 15-20 minute drive. Depending on the density of surrounding communities and normal traffic constraints, the service area generally extends up to seven miles. A District Park may be from 50-200 acres. Depending on site characteristics, District Parks may combine large complexes of intensively developed facilities with extensive natural areas. The extent of development will depend on topography, the extent of environmentally sensitive land, and the amount of developable acreage. Lighted facilities and extended hours of operation are the norm. Development may include, but is not limited to, 3-4 informal picnic areas, 2-3 picnic pavilions for scheduled use, playgrounds, tot lots, 8-12 court facilities, 4-8 lighted athletic fields, running track, restroom/concession buildings, garden plots, indoor or outdoor equestrian facilities, indoor recreation center, indoor or outdoor entertainment features, amphitheater (average 150-300 capacity), miniature golf (lighted), golf driving range (lighted), visitor center and interpretive exhibits, walking trails and bridle paths, equestrian facilities, and parking. Countywide Parks. Countywide Parks are intended to provide a wide range of recreational and educational experiences for all County residents and visitors and to protect and preserve significant environmental and heritage resources. Administrative responsibility for designated parks is with the Fairfax County Park Authority; however, similar types of resource areas also may be managed by regional and state agencies, either separately or in cooperation with other park agencies, including the Fairfax County Park Authority. Countywide Parks include the following types.

Natural Resource Parks. Natural Resource Parks preserve, protect and perpetuate areas of sensitive or unique environmental ecological and scenic values in Fairfax County. Administrative responsibility is with the Fairfax County Park Authority, the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority, and state and federal agencies. This designation, absent public access, also may be applicable to large private properties protected by conservation easements. Management plans should give total consideration to the resource and allow public use only as compatible with resource protection. Natural Resource Parks are most likely to be located in Upper Potomac, Bull Run-Occoquan River, or Huntley Meadows-Ft.



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Belvoir-Mason Neck Biodiversity Conservation Areas (BCAs) or adjacent to larger stream valleys, where natural resource conservation can operate on a large scale and higher order of integration than elsewhere in the County. Given their location in predominantly low density areas of the County, access will be primarily by private automobile and will require on-site parking. The proximity of some sections of the Cub Run Environmental Quality Corridor to the Dulles Suburban Center affords opportunities for non-motorized access. The service area is countywide. The size varies according to the extent of the resource to be protected. Development which does not adversely affect ecological functions and which enhances awareness of the resource values is appropriate. Interpretive (educational) facilities and structures include visitor centers, orientation kiosks, hiking, biking and equestrian trails as designated, signs and benches. Visitor centers are appropriate only near the periphery of these parks.

Cultural Resource Parks. Cultural Resources Parks protect and preserve archaeological sites and historic properties which meet the eligibility requirements for the National Register of Historic Places Criteria or the Public Significance Criteria as designated by the Fairfax County Heritage Resource Management Plan. Administrative responsibility is with the Fairfax County Park Authority, the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority, and state and federal agencies. This designation, absent public access, also may be applicable to large private properties protected by conservation easements. Management plans should give total consideration to the resource and allow public use only as compatible with resource protection. Historic Sites and Archaeological Parks may be located wherever evidence of human occupation exists on or beneath the land and waters. Depending on the extent of the resource, it may be designated as a Countrywide Park or as a sub-unit of another park classification. Since these parks may be located in any part of the county, a variety of access modes may be available. Some parking should be available either on site or co-located with adjacent facilities. The service area is Countrywide. The size varies according to the extent of the resource to be protected. Acquisition, identification and preservation of cultural resources are for purposes of stewardship; use is defined within stewardship parameters. Development of public sites should include opportunities for public education and enjoyment. To the extent that they do not adversely impact the cultural resources themselves, portions of the sites may be developed with demonstration area, interpretive structures and/visitor centers trails, informal picnicking areas, restrooms and parking.

Stream Valley/Greenways Parks. Stream Valley Parks preserve large contiguous natural areas for a riparian habitat, water quality protection, aesthetic values; and genetic corridors within Biodiversity Conservation Zones; and to protect multiple use greenways and natural open space in more urbanized areas of the county for recreation, aesthetic values, water quality protection and non-motorized transportation routes between major destination points. Administrative responsibility is with the Fairfax County Park Authority, the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority, and state and federal agencies. This designation, absent public access, also may be applicable to large private properties protected by conservation easements. Management plans should give total consideration to the resources and allow public use only as compatible with resource protection. Stream Valley Parks encompass those Environmental Quality Corridors designated for public access in the County



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Comprehensive Plan. Two levels of Stream Valley parks are identified: Major Environmental Quality Corridors are comprised of flood plains and contiguous steep slopes of all streams greater than first order; first order stream valleys may be included when they are contiguous with wetlands. Multiple Use Greenways are located in suburban and urban centers and built-out areas of the County. Access is primarily by means of the Countywide Trails System and lateral connecting trails; however, "trailheads" with parking should be strategically located along park routes. The service area is countywide. The size varies according to topography and interdicting features of the surrounding development. Development within Major Environmental Quality Corridors may include interpretive facilities and structures (exhibits, signage, hiking, biking and equestrian trails) which do not adversely impact riparian habitat, water quality or aesthetic values. Wherever possible, trails should be located near the periphery of the corridor. Multiple Use Greenways can support more intense trail development to facilitate higher levels of transportation and recreational use. In addition to trails, seating areas, small picnic and open play areas, landscaping and interpretive structures also may be developed, provided they also do not adversely impact ecological functions.

Multiple Resource Parks. Multiple Resource Parks provide a diversity of recreational opportunities in both natural settings and intensely developed indoor or outdoor facilities which can accommodate large indoor or outdoor facilities which can accommodate large numbers of people without significant deterioration of the recreation experience. Administrative responsibility is with the Fairfax County Park Authority, the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority, and state and federal agencies. On occasion, private or quasi-pubic areas may fit this category. Multiple Resource Parks are located throughout the County. Proximity to major highways or arterial roads is highly desirable in order to accommodate relatively large volumes of traffic at peak times; access via public transit and the Countywide Trail System also should be planned wherever feasible. The service area is countywide, and the Washington metropolitan area, in some instances. The size is normally 200 acres or more. This category of park is oriented to activities that involve an individual or group for a time period ranging from most of the day to a week and which may attract large numbers of spectators or participants. Sensitive environmental areas and cultural resource sites will be managed as natural or cultural resource sub-units of these parks. Potential facilities include campgrounds and day camp areas, lake fronts, boating and fishing, swimming pools and water-oriented entertainment features, complexes of 10-12 lighted tournament level athletic fields, visitor center, trails, 3-4 picnic pavilions and numerous informal picnic areas, amphitheaters, playgrounds and tot lots, miniature trains, carousels, miniature golf and parking.

Special Purpose Parks. Special Purpose Parks provide indoor recreation activities that require specialized equipment or separate facilities, or should be separated from other facilities due to the nature of activities. Administrative responsibility is with the Fairfax County Park Authority, the Northern Virginia Regional Authority, and state and federal agencies. Some areas may be managed under joint public-private partnerships. These parks may be located as independent sites or as a sub-units within other types of park lands. Depending on the specific location, a variety of access modes may be available,



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from walk-in to public transit. Parking should be provided for the majority of users. The service area is countywide; the size varies. Facilities which could be developed as Special Purpose Areas include golf courses, driving ranges, horticulture centers and gardens, ice rinks, marinas, archery and shooting ranges, field houses or stadiums for major sporting events (5,000-10,000 seating capacity) or for multiple, simultaneous athletic uses, and equestrian facilities.

__________________ Approved March 1996


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Appendix 12 National Trust for Historic Preservation Guidelines In any attempt to reconcile these divergent claims and motives for preservation and restoration there must be an informed and experienced guide. The following make up a brief guide: 1. The restoration of old and historic buildings requires the professional knowledge and

special skill of trained and competent architects, historians, archaeologists, landscape architects, museumologists and experienced craftsmen.

2. No final decision as to a course of restorative action should be taken until (a) reasonable

efforts have been made to exhaust the archaeological and documentary evidence as to the form and gradual changes of the monument, and (b) efforts that have been made to secure the record of such evidence, by drawings, photographs, notes and transcripts should be kept, and ordinals or copies made available to students in appropriate central libraries and where possible, published. In no case should evidence offered by the structure itself be destroyed or covered up until it has been fully recorded. Sample specimens of physical evidence should also be preserved. All changes proposed should be studied in drawing and specification form to ensure thorough communication between laymen, architect and craftsmen.

3. In the treatment of surviving old buildings it is generally better to preserve than repair, better

to repair than to restore, better to restore than to reconstruct. It is also advisable, before initiating a project, to consider carefully the possibility that once begun it may lead to "creeping reconstruction." There is the possibility that repair may lead to restoration and thence to reconstruction. Reconstruction is frequently acceptable and advisable if the entire structure is not available; it is deplorable when a structure survives in its entirety.

4. It is ordinarily better to retain genuine old work of several periods rather than to arbitrarily

"restore" the whole, by new work, to its aspect at a single period. This applies to work of periods later than those now admired, provided it represents a genuine creative effort, or is a part of the life's history of the building. In no case should our own artistic preferences or prejudices lead us to modify, on aesthetic grounds, work of a past period representing other tastes.

Truth is not only stranger than fiction, it is more varied and more interesting. However, it should be recognized that it is sometimes essential to remove later work in order to obtain evidence of the structure pertaining to an earlier and more important period. No surviving old work should be removed or rebuilt for structural reasons if any reasonable additional trouble and expense would suffice to preserve it.

5. Every reasonable additional care and expense is justified to approximate in new work, the

materials, methods and quality of old construction. But new work should be permanently identified and great discretion should be used in simulating old materials with modern materials. If old materials from other buildings are used in a restoration, their source and use should be permanently recorded. The use in an appropriate manner of old materials and details of the period and character is commendable when those materials are


Appendix 12 National Trust for Historic Preservation Guidelines (continuation)

Page A-59

otherwise doomed to loss or destruction and their use is thereby an act of preservation. In securing materials for restoration work there should be no demolition or removal of buildings where there is a reasonable prospect that they will remain intact or as historic ruins on their own site. Where missing features are to be replaced without sufficient evidence as to their own original form, careful study should be made of other surviving examples of the period and region and precedents found for the replacement.

6. The nature of preservation and restoration work is such that it generally involves more time

than would be expected in new construction. Many of the most important problems are unsuspected until the fabric is opened up.

7. When for educational or preservation purposes it is deemed necessary for a building to be

removed to another site, its restoration should be guided by sound restoration principles as outlined above.

8. Complete reconstruction for educational purposes should also follow the above principles,

with the caveat that any but a reconstruction based on the most substantial of evidence is a sham.

9. When an historic building survives into modern times, fortunately in its original use, it is

important to retain all its principle features with only minor modification for modern use. When an historic building ceases to be used for its original purpose other uses should be sought to perpetuate its life.

Only modern uses should be adopted which are consistent with the preservation of the building's outstanding values. In such cases, limited compromise with restoration standards may be justified, especially in the interior, in order to obtain such conveniences as are necessary to modern life.

Since our needs and capabilities are always expanding, important or interesting features that cannot be restored at the moment should be covered over and protected to await future treatment.

Only a limited number of historical buildings, and even exceptional buildings, are important enough to be preserved solely for exhibition. These buildings must be cared for and restored with the utmost fidelity to the highest professional restoration standards.

The above guidelines are not intended to be dogmatic and inflexible, but rather to provide the Authority a firm foundation for its own work. They are broad enough that other points of view can be accommodated, but they are specific enough that the difference is clear between good and bad preservation. I see these guidelines as forming the underpinnings of one of the best and most admirable programs in the nation, and certainly in the metropolitan area. As the parklands themselves


Appendix 12 National Trust for Historic Preservation Guidelines (continuation)

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preserve and protect natural resources, so historic preservation protects manmade resources. By means of historic preservation, we can better maintain the cultural ecology of our community and help to create an environment that is a joy to live in. As this environment grows and changes its cultural ecology must be balanced. The evidences of our past must be preserved to explain and enrich both the past and the present.


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Appendix 13 Curatorial Care of Archeological Objects APPENDIX I. CURATORIAL CARE OF ARCHEOLOGICAL OBJECTS10

A. THE NATURE OF ARCHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS

Any object that has been recovered from an archeological site is considered archeological material. This appendix only provides guidance only on the care of objects excavated from the ground. Care of collections from wet sites or marine excavations is not addressed. For guidance in these areas, consult an archeological objects conservator with field experience in the treatment of wet materials.

Depending on the soil and climate characteristics of the site, a wide variety of organic and inorganic objects may be recovered from an archeological excavation. These materials include inorganic materials such as metal, ceramics, glass and stone; and more infrequently, organic materials such as leather, basketry, and textiles. In addition, historic archeology has brought modern plastics and synthetics into archeological collections. Non-artifactual objects or "ecofacts", such as botanical material, pollen, phytoliths, oxylate crystals, snails, insect remains and parasites, are increasingly collected as a result of archeological research designs.

Because the research value of archeological material may be compromised or destroyed by unnecessary handling and inappropriate treatment, preservation of these materials should be based on preventive care. Careful handling, packaging and storage of archeological objects are crucial for the survival of the material as an "artifact" rather than as a mass or lump of stable compounds produced by the ongoing processes of deterioration.

The condition of all these objects depends directly on how the materials have reacted to the environmental conditions to which they have been exposed. Archeological materials have been exposed to complex environmental variables. First, the object in an underground context reaches a certain equilibrium with the surrounding soil. Then, when the object is excavated, it must adjust to an entirely new set of environmental conditions. Reactions to both events involve physical and chemical changes. Depending on how the material has reacted or equilibrated to a particular underground context, the object, at the moment of excavation, may be extremely fragile, or quite well-preserved. At the time of excavation, the object also can be particularly vulnerable to rapid deterioration. Figure I.1 illustrates the deterioration rate of archeological objects through time according to the episodes that encourage deterioration of the material.

10NPS Museum Handbook, Part I


Appendix 13 Curatorial Care of Archeological Objects (continuation)

Figure I.l. Deterioration Through Time of Archeological Objects

At the moment of excavation, all materials, whether organic or inorganic, are vulnerable to accelerated deterioration. Therefore, preservation must begin by observing correct archeological procedures in the field and in the processing laboratory, and then, continue by proper curatorial care in museum collections storage. Refer to NPS-28, Cultural Resources Management Guideline, for guidance on the responsibilities of the archeologist before placing collections in a repository and in selecting an appropriate repository, and to Special Directive 87-3, Conservation of Archeological Resources, for park management's responsibility to ensure appropriate care and management of archeological collections.

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B. HANDLING ARCHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS

Because archeological objects can be deceptively fragile, all unnecessary handling should be avoided. All excavated materials have undergone some form of alteration during the equilibration process in the underground context and in the recovery process that has resulted in the physical weakening of the object. It is important to note that, while underground objects are completely supported by the surrounding soil, when excavated, they may be unable to support their own weight. For this reason, archeologists often use specialized lifting techniques to excavate fragile and potentially fragile objects to ensure that they will never have to bear their own weight. During and after excavation, these objects must be supported on a tray, pallet, or in a container that distributes weight properly.

In the case of existing archeological collections, always assume that any excavated object is weak rather than strong. Review the guidelines for handling museum objects in Chapter 6. Keep in mind the following added rule:

• An archeological object must always be fully supported. Use both hands, or a tray or

supporting container to lift and carry these objects, whether the object is large or small.



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C. CLEANING ARCHEOLOGICAL OBJECTS

Cleaning of archeological material by archeologists, curatorial staff, and even by conservators, should be kept to the lowest level necessary to achieve a valid goal. It is important to note that any cleaning method, no matter how simple, is irreversible and may destroy important archeological evidence. Surface decorations and composite or associated materials often exist only as impressions on the surface of the object or in the surrounding soil. Original surfaces of metal objects may actually lie within layers of corrosion. Moreover, evidence of use (e.g., food residue in containers, pigment traces on stone palettes, or blood traces on stone projectile points) may be destroyed by unnecessary or inappropriate cleaning. Cleaning also may interfere with the application of scientific methods of analysis. For example, the use of acid to remove dirt deposits on ceramics also may remove acid soluble compounds in the ceramic paste, thereby invalidating composition analysis often used for determining the prehistoric source of clay. Even washing ceramics in water may remove water soluble material that was part of the original clay paste. Water washing will remove amino acid traces now used to date bone. Wet cleaning may also encourage deterioration of salt contaminated material and can be disastrous to metal objects when not followed by complete and controlled drying.

The above examples demonstrate the importance of minimal intervention in the treatment of archeological materials. Because the rapid advance of technology makes accurate assessment of the research potential of archeological objects difficult, any treatment that alters the chemical or physical integrity of these objects should be avoided whenever possible. Even traditional treatments previously considered "routine," such as washing, should be reevaluated in terms of the real necessity of treatment versus the danger of loss of information and possible irreversible damage to the object.

Therefore, at the level of curatorial care, it is best to avoid washing procedures altogether, and to remove only loose dust and dirt by dry brushing or controlled vacuuming. Remember that the surface of archeological objects is often fractured, friable or otherwise easily dislodged by rubbing or application of pressure. As a general rule, carefully assess the object's surface before starting any cleaning procedure. If the archeological significance, present condition, and intended use of the object require treatment beyond brushing away loosely adherent dirt, additional cleaning, stabilization, or repair should be conducted only by or with the advice of a conservator experienced in the treatment of archeological material.



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D. PREVENTIVE CARE: ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Because archeological collections are often large and contain a variety of materials with different environmental storage requirements and with different degrees of academic significance, a systematic approach to managing these diverse collections should be taken to ensure basic preservation of all materials.

Traditional physical organization of the collections by provenience data or by cultural affiliation data may not correspond with their preservation needs. When different materials require different environments for optimum preservation, it is best to maintain the academic integrity of the collection through proper museum record keeping procedures, while maintaining the physical integrity of the collections by organizing the materials according to their environmental requirements and storing them accordingly.

Applying this preservation approach, archeological materials may be ranked in the following three categories:

1. Category I - Negligibly Climate-Sensitive Materials

a. Materials:

• stable fired ceramics and stone • stable inorganic architectural materials (e.g., plaster, mud daub, brick, and stone) • dry pollen, flotation, and unprocessed soil samples • faunal remains

b. Climate Requirements: Daily and seasonal fluctuations of both temperature and relative humidity should be as gradual as possible.

• Relative Humidity: Above 30% and below 65%. Mold may become a problem

above 65%. • Temperature: Anywhere from freezing to 100ºF. Moderate and cooler

temperatures (below 70ºF) are preferable because higher temperatures speed up rates of deterioration of all materials.

2. Category II - Climate-Sensitive Materials

a. Materials:

• stable metal • stable glass • worked bone, antler and shell • botanical specimens • textiles



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• wood • skin, leather and fur • feathers and horn • natural gums, resins, and lacquer

b. Climate Requirements:

Relative Humidity: A stable point determined by the object's environmental history and current regional climatic considerations. Consult a conservator for the optimum relative humidity for collections in the park's area. Assuming that the collections will be stored in the general area from which they were excavated, the following broad guidelines for relative humidity may be followed:

30-40%: Semi-arid areas and deserts 40-50%: Central and eastern plains and woodlands 45-55%: Seacoast and lakeshore

Once the appropriate RH% is determined, it is important to keep conditions as stable as possible. Many organic materials are more sensitive to fluctuations of relative humidity than to any one unchanging level in the moderate range. Keep the RH% as steady as possible, with fluctuations ideally no greater than 3% in one day. Seasonal fluctuations should be as gradual as possible, and should not exceed more than a slow 10% drift in relative humidity from summer to winter.

Temperature: Above 50ºF and below 75ºF. Temperature may be allowed to drift to keep relative humidity steady, but sudden changes of more than 5 degrees daily should be avoided.

3. Category III - Significantly Climate-Sensitive Materials

a. Materials:

• unstable (salt-contaminated) ceramics and stone • unstable glass (e.g., devitrified glass that appears damp or "weeping" due to

chemical alteration during period underground and the subsequent dissolution of compositional elements)

• unstable metal, particularly iron • mummified human and animal remains • composite objects (objects made of several different materials)

b. Climate Requirements:

Relative Humidity: These objects require a restricted range of relative humidity, and often have no tolerance for fluctuation in ambient conditions. Although the requirements of each object will be dictated finally by specific conditions, the



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following general guidelines apply to broad categories of significantly climate sensitive materials:

Metal: Under 30% RH. Unstable iron is best stored in conditions of below 15% RH. Unstable glass: 30 to 40% RH.

Naturally mummified animal remains: 15 to 20% RH.

Unstable ceramics and stone (salt-contaminated): Below 50%

Most importantly, keep the RH stable. Salts have a critical point of moisture attraction when they transform from the crystal state to the liquid state. The critical point for combined salts is lower than that of individual salts alone, and it is difficult to recommend a standard RH level for all unstable ceramics and stone. Keep the RH as steady as possible to avoid continued damage by the hydration cycling of soluble salts.

Temperature: A steady point chosen between 60-72ºF. Temperature fluctuation should be minimal, but may be allowed to drift within a 2 to 3 degree range to keep relative humidity steady.

E. PREVENTIVE CARE: STORAGE OF ARCHEOLOGICAL OBJECTS

Ideally, all archeological objects should be stored in climate-controlled areas, but in reality, this often is not practical. Most archeological collections are large, and not all storage facilities can afford the luxury of having an equally large climate-controlled storage space available to house collections. In such cases, it is possible to maximize preservation while minimizing utility costs by implementing a storage strategy based on the environmental requirements of archeological materials. See Section D of this appendix for a discussion of environmental requirements. Three levels of storage corresponding to the three categories of climate-sensitivity can be established, and various storage techniques can be used to moderate extremes and shifts of environmental conditions.

1. Three Levels of Storage

a. General Storage (Category I Materials)

General storage should meet the minimum overall standards for all NPS storage spaces as outlined in Chapter 7.

Many of the materials that can be placed in general storage can be stored in boxes on open shelving. Loose material such as bulk botanical specimens, unprocessed



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soil samples, dry pollen and flotation samples, slag, unworked bone, lithic cores and debitage, and ceramic sherds should be bagged within the boxes. Make sure that the bag is strong enough to hold the contents without tearing or puncturing. Bags made of Tyveko®, a strong spun polyethylene plastic that permits the passage of water vapor, is a good choice for this type of material. Canvas bags and resealable polyethylene bags also can be used.

b. Climate-Controlled Storage (Category II Materials)

Storage specifications for Category II materials should comply with the optimum standards for NPS storage areas as outlined in Chapter 7. Once the climate-insensitive material is separated out for general storage, the area needed to house this category of materials may be considerably smaller and, therefore, less costly to maintain.

If there is no area available in the structure that is able to maintain a steady environment either naturally or by means of a mechanical system, consider the installation of a climate-controlled prefabricated structure for storage of climate--sensitive materials. Consult the Regional Curator, conservators specializing in environmental or preventive conservation, or the Curatorial Services Division, WASO, for guidance in developing a climate-controlled storage area.

c. Microclimate Storage (Category III Materials)

Within the climate-controlled storage area, specialized microclimates can be created for the storage of extremely climate-sensitive and unstable materials. Microclimates can be created simply by placing the object within a closed well-gasketed museum cabinet to slow down the diffusion rate of air exchange between the interior and exterior of the cabinet. If the environmental conditions in the storage area are already fairly steady as specified in Chapter 7, conditions within the case should be extremely stable with virtually no fluctuations of relative humidity.

However, the preservation of some excavated material like metals and unstable glass, depends on the maintenance of a relative humidity quite different from ambient conditions within the climate-controlled area. Microclimates for these specialized needs can be created by housing these materials in special containers with moisture sensitive materials called sorbents to dessicate, ballast or buffer the interior of the container against changes in the preferred relative humidity of the objects enclosed. All organic materials, particularly cellulosic materials such as wood, textiles, and paper, are able to condition their immediate environment by absorbing and giving off moisture to maintain an equilibrium between their own moisture content and ambient conditions. The most efficient sorbent, however, is silica gel.



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2. Storage Techniques

a. Packaging with Silica Gel Silica gel is inert amorphous silicon dioxide in a porous granular form that is able to absorb (or more precisely, to adsorb) moisture from the air. Because of its structure, silica gel is able to absorb 30-40% of its dry weight in water, and responds more quickly than other sorbents (e.g., wood, textiles, paper) to variations in relative humidity that are different from the level of moisture to which the gel has been accustomed or "conditioned". The gel rapidly senses, corrects, and stabilizes fluctuations in relative humidity by humidifying or dehumidifying the air around it to maintain its own preferred environment.

Several types of silica gel are commercially available. The particle size of gels normally used for conditioning museum exhibit and storage cases is 3-8 mesh, grades 01 or 03. Each type has characteristic adsorption capacities within certain ranges of relative humidity. For example, regular density silica gel RD03 made by W. R. Grace and Co., Davis Chemical Division, has a very high adsorption capacity below 50% and is, therefore, a good choice for creating a dry microclimate for unstable metals. Intermediate density silica gel ID59, also from W. R. Grace and Co., has a very high adsorption capacity between 70% and 100% RH, and is much more efficient than regular density gel in buffering changes within this range. However, few objects require microclimate storage with such high and mold-threatening RH, and this gel is most often used in combination with other grades.

Art-Sorb made by Fugi-Davison Chemical, Ltd., is a silica gel in round bead form that is particularly suited to buffering changes in the mid-range of 40-60% RH, and is, therefore, quite useful in most museum applications. Art-Sorb is also available in convenient premeasured, preweighed amounts enclosed in open-grid plastic tiles covered with a thin membrane of Gore-Tex* breathable teflon plastic. These tiles are easy to use, but somewhat expensive.

Flat sheets made of porous polyethylene-polypropylene plastic infused with silica gel powder from crushed Art-Sorb beads are also available. All silica gel works most efficiently if spread out for maximum surface exposure. Art-Sorb sheets capitalize on this principle for maximum rapid response. However, the conditioning power of the sheets is easily exhausted as they drift to recondition themselves with ambient relative humidity. The sheets are most useful in conjunction with other buffering materials in short-term applications, such as packaging objects for shipping.

Arten Gel® is another product that combines a gel capable of rapid response to sudden fluctuations in relative humidity with slower gels that act as a reservoir to buffer long term changes, while continuing to condition the fast reacting gel component. Because of its versatility, this gel is a good choice for long-term microclimate storage of unstable and extremely climate-sensitive materials.



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Silica gel in all forms can be conditioned by spreading the gel on trays and placing it in a room known by the park's curatorial staff to have the desired RH%, or by placing the gel in an environmental control chamber for two weeks. However, the efficiency of all gels will decrease over time at a rate dependent on the exchange of air between the sealed container and the exterior room, and the innate characteristics of the chosen gel. To know when this happens, monitor the interior of the container with a humidity indicator strip. Use a clear plastic container such as a polystyrene or polycarbonate sweater box or nearly transparent freezer container with tightly fitting snap-on lids to house the material while allowing easy viewing of the enclosed humidity indicator strip.

Heat sealable clear plastic laminate films with excellent vapor barrier characteristics are now commercially available, and are very useful for making microclimate storage bags for large and awkwardly shaped objects. The plastic is a laminate of mylar and other stable plastics, and is easily heat sealed using a teflon bar heat sealer or household iron. Bags can also be sealed with pressure sensitive polyethylene tape applied over a double fold. NOTE: Avoid the use of pressure sensitive tapes in other applications. Because the plastic is clear, the humidity indicator card enclosed within can be easily seen without opening the bag.

When the enclosed humidity card indicates that the gel's buffering capacity has drifted, replace it with fresh gel, and recondition the old gel as described above. A reserve supply of pre-measured silica gel packets should be prepared and stored in airtight containers for quick replacement of the exhausted gel. The gel can be completely dried by placing it in an oven (300-350ºF) for two or more hours, depending on the amount of gel to be dried, or by microwaving at low power for at least 5 minutes. Spread the gel thinly in plastic dishes if microwaving, and in metal cake pans or cookie sheets if placing in a conventional oven. Dry the gel completely when using it to store archeological iron objects. NOTE: Iron objects should be kept as dry as possible.

Pre-measured packets of silica gel can be made by using fairly open weave lightweight washed muslin bags that are broad and flat like small pillow cases. Velcro® can be attached to one end so that the bag may be easily opened to regenerate the gel, filled again, and re-closed. Gore-Tex® and perforated Tyvek® can also be used for making bags. Clear re-sealable polyethylene freezer bags can be used as well by punching plenty of holes in the bags smaller than the grain size of the gel. A mixture of indicating gel (cobalt chloride impregnated gel that turns from blue to pink as humidity increases) and regular gel within clear plastic bags makes it easy to see when the gel needs regeneration without a humidity indicator card. This may be useful for objects like iron that need a dry environment, but perhaps less useful for objects requiring a set RH% level within the moderate range. Label all pre-measured silica gel packets with the dry weight, date, and RH% of preconditioning.



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The amount of silica gel used in a closed container depends on the volume of the container. The most common mistake in using silica gel is to use too little. It is better to use too much silica gel in a container than not enough. Twenty kilograms of silica gel per one cubic meter, or 5 lbs. of gel per cubic yard, is usually considered a sufficient amount. Once the initial calculations are made, use standard sizes of containers to streamline the production of pre-measured silica gel packets.

Within the container, the object should never be in direct contact with the silica gel. Make sure that there is always a barrier between the object and the gel, but remember that the gel is most effective with maximum surface exposure, and organize the contents of the container accordingly.

b. Standard Boxes

There are many different types of standard boxes that are appropriate for storing archeological material. For example, boxes manufactured for the storage of archival and photographic collections are well suited to the storage of small objects like lithic points and nails. Small re-sealable polyethylene bags can be used for each individual specimen, and stacked vertically within each section of the box. Include an acid-free tag with the identification number inside the bag as well as writing the number in a standard location on the outside of the bag. Small objects may also be enclosed in a small self-sealing bag and stapled to a 3" x 5" or 5"x 8" notecard containing the provenience data and catalog information. The notecards can then be stored in a standard archival quality file box. Refer to Figure I.2.



Figure 1.2. Vertical Stacking of Small Objects Within Standard Containers

Acid-free boxes with lids are preferable to self closing boxes because the contents are more easily available without destroying the integrity of the box by cutting or peeling back tape, or repeatedly folding back flaps.

Be as consistent as possible in packaging objects within a box so that staff and researchers can predict the orientation of objects within closed containers to minimize accidental mishandling during retrieval. Include written descriptions and/or drawings of packing techniques with the supporting documentation of the collection to narrow the possibility of damage to the object during unpacking. Consider placing description of the packing technique on inside of the box lid. Easy visual access is important. Objects should never be wrapped or wound in padding material making excessive handling necessary to retrieve the object.

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1) Padding

Padding material within the box should prevent contents from shifting if the box is moved or handled carelessly. Avoid over stuffing the box with crumpled tissue or other padding material that could exert damaging pressure against the objects enclosed, or hinder easy access to the contents. Crumpled paper wads expand to fill the space in which they are placed, and press against the surface of the object. This situation can cause damage when the object is removed from the box, or when stuffing is removed from the interior of an object, particularly if the object has a fragile surface or brittle projections that are easily snagged and broken.

Instead of crumpling wads of tissue paper, make smooth pillows by wadding acid-free unbuffered tissue paper and folding the wads in a loose roll of tissue to make a smooth surfaced pad to place against the surface of the object. Wrapping crumpled wads in tissue also restricts the expansion of the crumpled paper, and may alleviate expansion pressure against fragile surfaces.

Sandwich size re-sealable polyethylene bags filled with cotton balls also make good padding and support material for fragile objects. Cotton or polyester wool alone should not be used in direct contact with any object. Cotton is an excellent sorbent, and may hold moisture directly against the object, encouraging moisture related problems such as corrosion and mold. Cotton fibers also easily snag and entwine artifact elements, making separation of the object from the cotton difficult without damaging the object.

2) Organization of Box Contents

Regardless of size or type of box, it is important to organize the contents to make retrieval of specific items easy without rooting through the contents of the box and possibly damaging fragile material.

One strategy is to organize the box into distinct layers. If the contents are lightweight, such as cordage fragments or botanical specimens, they can be organized into three or four layers depending on the size of the specimens. Heavier objects should always be on the bottom layer. Museum specimen trays, listed in the NPS Tools of the Trade, can be used in each layer to make the lifting of contents easier. Interleave the layers with a sheet of polyethylene foam shelf liner, also listed in Tools of the Trade. The foam will serve as a clear demarcation between layers as well as providing cushioning. Refer to Figure I.3. Acid-free boxes with fitted trays equipped with adjustable interior compartments are now manufactured by museum supply companies, and are ideal for the storage of archeological material.



Figure I.3. Organization and Layering of Objects within a Storage Box

3) Inventory of Contents

Small objects should be individually bagged in small re-sealable polyethylene bags. Include an acid-free paper tag with field data or catalog number written in pencil or water-proof India ink within each bag. Stack the bags in each layer like fanned out playing cards, with identification numbers written on the top of each bag for easy reference. Identification numbers should be written on all bags as well, and should be visible when the bags are stacked and fanned out to avoid needless handling when locating a specific item.

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Identification numbers of the contents should be written on the outside of the box by layers, and a more detailed list of the contents of each box should be prepared and placed on top of the contents in the box.

c. Support Trays for Objects

Remember that all archeological objects should be handled and moved by means of a supporting tray or container. The support can be as simple as the standard museum specimen trays supplied by the Curatorial Services Division's Museum Equipment and Supply Program. If the object is too large to fit a standard tray, a support tray can easily be made from a padded acid-free corrugated cardboard or other rigid board fitted with handles of cotton twill-tape threaded through punched holes as illustrated in Figure I.4 Depending on the weight of the object, there are many boards including cardboard, foamboard, and honeycomb board, that can be used for making support trays. Make sure to select a board that will remain rigid while bearing the weight of the object to avoid sagging and a trampoline effect that could damage rather than successfully support the object. For added security, tie the object to the tray with cotton twill tape. Tie the tape in a bow so that it is easily untied.

Support trays also can be fitted with customized supports for objects with fragile surfaces such as delaminating glass. Figure I.5 illustrates the use of Ethafoam® blocks to support a fragile bottle.

Ethafoame®, a stable closed-cell polyethylene foam, is useful for making both tray supports and trays with cavities for fragile three-dimensional objects. Electric carving knives are useful for cutting large blocks of Ethafoam®. Cavity packing is a good technique to use when the object must be moved periodically for research or other purposes, or when the object has no even footing and needs support to keep it stationary. Make sure that the fit of the object in the cavity is not too tight, and that the object may be safely removed from the tray. If necessary, carve finger grips on either side of the object to assist in lifting the object from the tray. See Figure 1.6.

d. Storage Mounts

Archeological objects are often weak due to deterioration during the underground period. They may require specialized supports to maintain their structural integrity. Before designing a specialized mount, evaluate the points of structural strength and weakness of the object. In order to assess the object, it is important to determine what the object is, how the object was used or worn, and how the object was made. For example, conical-shaped baskets, which were often worn like backpacks, were used to carry objects, and consequently, load stresses were distributed down the sides of the basket and concentrated in the bottom. The rim is the weakest part of these baskets, and yet, they are most often stored upside down like traffic cones.



1. Twill tape loosely in bows over object to secure it to the tie tray. The method of attachment should be both obvious and easily unfastened.

2. Rigid board: acid-free cardboard; fluted plastic, Fome-cor, Tycore.

3. Twill tape or nylon rope.

4. Line rigid board with a polyethylene foam pad. Cover foam with washed muslin or unbuffered acid-free tissue. Attach the lining to the board with a good quality double-sided tape (e.g.,Scotch 415) or with a hot gun. If the support tray is small, the twill tape ties should be enough to hold both the pad and the object in place.

5. Knots larger than punched hole.

Figure I.4. An Easily Made Supply Tray for Fragile Material

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1. Use Ethafoam blocks to support complete ceramic or glass bottles. Ethafoam blocks can be placed in specimen trays on

shelving or in museum specimen cabinet drawers. 2. Cut out wells in each Ethafoam block to fit the diameter of the neck and bottom of the bottle. 3. Because cut Ethafoam can be scratchy, line each well with strips of Tyvek or smooth foam sheets to protect the surface of the

bottle from possible abrasion. Remember that the surface of iridescent excavated glass is particularly fragile. The bottle should never be made to fit tightly into the Ethafoam support.

Figure 1.5. Customized Support Blocks For a Fragile Glass Bottle to be Fitted in a Museum Specimen Tray

A successful storage mount takes into account the form and function of the object while minimizing any load or gravity stress that the weakened object is no longer able to bear. For objects with an unstable base, a cradle mount can be easily made to evenly distribute the weight of the object and keep the correct orientation of its use as originally engineered. See Figure 1.7.

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e. Special Containers

Consider the goals of the researcher before designing a special storage container for an object. For example, a container intended to house an archeological textiles fragment should protect the object from both dust and light, and perhaps provide some moisture buffering ability as well. However, a researcher may want to examine both sides of the textile without visual interference. The container must permit close examination of the contents while minimizing the need to actually handle the object. Portfolio mounts as illustrated in Figure I.8 are a good solution to this problem.

The technique illustrated in Figure 1.8 also can be adapted to the storage of other "flat" objects like basketry fragments, thick cordage and other fragile materials. Simply adjust the thickness of the interior mat to accommodate the dimensions of the object and avoid any unsafe pressure or crushing of brittle elements.

When making a special box for an object, the same principle of maximum visual access and minimum handling applies. Support of the object is of primary importance, and the object needs to be supported on a tray by which it can be removed from within the storage box. Design or choose a box with a drop-front construction that allows the object to be slid out onto a stable surface rather than hoisted up and out like a turkey from a roasting pan. Think of the logistics of handling both the object and the container. Anticipate accidents when designing special containers and incorporate features and measures to protect the object from mishandling.

Special containers and mounts also may be necessary to protect fragile, unstable, and top-heavy objects from damage during an earthquake. It also is important to prevent objects and mounts from moving or shifting on shelves and within cabinets to maximize earthquake protection.



1. 1. Isolating objects in separate cavities restricts movement and provides easy accessibility. A number of small objects may be

accommodated in a museum specimen tray 2. Line the bottom of a museum specimen tray with 1/4" thick polyethylene foam. 3. Mark the outline of the object on a second sheet of 1/4" polyethylene foam. Be very careful not to touch the object with the

marking instrument. Avoid using a pen. With a freshly sharpened pencil, puncture the foam around the object and twist the pencil to obtain a clear mark in points about 1/4" apart for small objects and 1 " apart or more for larger objects.

Move the object out of the way, and cut out this shape by "connecting the dots" with an X-acto knife. Figure 1.6. Cavity Packing Technique for Small Object

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1. Starting from the center of the vessel, measure the curve from its base up to 1/3 of its height with a flexible drafting curve. 2. Use 1 " - 2" thick ethafoam (thickness depends on the size of the vessel to be supported). Leaving 2" at bottom of ethafoam

sheet, mark the profiles of a full cross-section of the object. If the shape of the object is not too eccentric, flip measured curve on one side to the other side as illustrated. Cut cross-section profile out with a sharp knife. Repeat technique to produce another cross-section to be used to bisect the first one.

3. Cut a 1 " by 1 " notch in the center of the base of one cross-section as shown in 3A. Cut a I " by 1 " notch in the center of the

top of the curve in the other cross-section as shown in 3B. 4. Fit both cross sections together at the notches. Cut thin foam sheet for lining the cradle surfaces. Pin foam buffering strips to

cradle surfaces with toothpicks as shown, 5. Place vessel in the cradle. Figure I.7. Construction of a Cradle Mount for Objects With Round Bases

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1. Cut out front and back of portfolio from a sheet of museum quality mat board. Cut window out of one board. Make window

1/2" to 1 " larger than the dimensions of the textile fragment. 2. Cover window with silk crepeline or polyester stabiltex. Pull taut over window opening and attach with water activated acid free

linen tape. 3. Cut a piece of cushioning material (e.g. sentinel foam volora, microtoam) to the inside dimensions of the window. Place

material on board. Cover the foam with a non-woven polyester fabric such as Reemay 2014 and attach with water activated linen tape.

4. Prepare a third board identical to the window front board. Use this board as a spacer to protect textile specimen from being

crushed. 5. Stack the three boards. Attach water activated linen tape along the outside edge like a book-binding. Attach linen bias tape

ties with water activated tape to the front and back boards. Open portfolio and attach center spacer with water activated tape. 6. Place textile fragment on cushion and close the portfolio. The silk crapeline window facilitates visual identification of specimen

without having to open the mount and protects the textile specimen from dust. Figure 1.8. Construction of a Portfolio Mount for Archeological Textile Fragments

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F. RECOMMENDED STORAGE MATERIALS

All materials used in the packaging of archeological material should be as chemically inert and stable as possible. This is particularly important for the storage of climate-insensitive materials frequently relegated to "benign neglect" in general storage. The initial packing might well be the only attention that it will receive for years, apart from basic housekeeping procedures in the storage space(s). For this reason, the packing materials should be of high quality, not so much for the benefit of the climate-insensitive materials, as for the longevity of the storage packaging itself.

The following list includes many (not all) materials that are suitable for long-term storage of archeological collections. Refer to the NPS Tools of the Trade and consult with the Regional Curator, conservators and the Curatorial Services Division, WASO, for sources of these materials and additional information.

RECOMMENDED STORAGE MATERIALS USE

DO NOT USE

WHY NOT

Boxes:

Acid-free document storage boxes (e.g., Hollinger® and other specialty archival boxes) Good quality new cardboard boxes. Use for storage of bulk climate-insensitive materials. (Available from GSA) Clear polystyrene boxes (variable sizes) Polypropylene plastic containers Polyethylene plastic containers with snap-on lids

Liquor, grocery and cigar boxes Used boxes with labels crossed out

Unstable materials; potential insect infestation from previous contents and previous storage conditions Difficult to read what the current contents are through clutter of previous inventories.



Page A-83

RECOMMENDED STORAGE MATERIALS

USE

DO NOT USE

WHY NOT

Bags:

Re-sealable polyethylene bags (e.g., Ziploc® also available from GSA, Baggies®, Whirl-pak® Tyvek® (spun polyethylene bags, available from forestry supply companies)

Kraft lunch bags, waxed paper, envelopes

Unstable materials; waxed paper can transfer wax to object; no visual accessibility

Padding:

Non-buffered acid-free tissue (neutral pH) Cotton or polyester batting in plastic or muslin bags

Buffered acid-free tissue Kleenex®, paper towels, toilet paper Newsprint, newspaper Loose cotton Excelsior Vermiculite Bubble-pak, air cap

Possibility of influencing research chemical analysis by placing object in an alkaline environment Contain impurities; not durable Very acidic; ink readily smears and can transfer to surfaces Easily snags brittle materials; can transfer lint to object Acidic Generates dust difficult to remove from object; health hazard to museum worker May contain poly-vinylidene chloride (see plastics section)



Page A-84


USE

DO NOT USE

WHY NOT

Plastic Foams

Ethafoam 220® (manufactured by DOW); polyethylene closed-cell foam (white only) Microfoam® (manufactured by Amatek); low density, closed cell polypropylene Sentinel® Foam (manufactured by Packaging Products); polyethylene Extruded polystyrene (e.g., Foamular®, manufactured by Fomeboards Co.) Plastozote® (manufactured by Bakelite Xylonite, Ltd.); polyethylene closed-cell foam Volara®, (manufactured by Voltek Co.); cross-linked polyethylene foam

Blue Ethafoam (fire retardant) Pink Ethafoam (anti-static) Any chlorinated or nitrated plastic (e.g., PVC-Polyvinyl chloride) Polyurethane plastics, sheet and foam Ethylene vinyl/acetate (EVA)

Fire retardant additives can migrate to materials. Introduced conductor in foam absorbs water from air and can become soapy Outgases hydrogen chloride; can produce hydrochloric acid Unstable; danger of off-gassing harmful products More elastic and rubbery than polyethylene; can cause yellow staining

Plastic Sheets:

Mylar® (manufactured by DuPont); polyethylene terephthalate clear polyester

Saran-Wrap®, (e.g., polyvinylidene chloride)

Unstable, chlorinated plastic



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USE

DO NOT USE

WHY NOT

Plastic Sheets (cont.)

Film-O-Wrap 7750® (manufactured by Bell Fiber Products Corporation); clear polyester and fluoro-carbon laminate Scotchpak® (manufactured by 3M Company); clear polyester/polyolefin laminate)

Cellophane

Acidic by-products due to sulphuric acid used in manufacturing process.

Boards:

Archival corrugated board Acid-free Fome-Cor® (manufactured by Monsanto); extruded polystyrene core covered with acid-free paper Art-Cor® (manufactured by Monsanto); extruded polystyrene with polystyrene skin Honeycomb boards e.g., Tycore®, manufactured by (Archivart) acid-free rigid paperboard; Hexcel Honeycomb®, manufactured by Hexcel Co.; aluminum-board.

Regular cardboard

Acidic



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RECOMMENDED STORAGE MATERIALS USE

DO NOT USE

WHY NOT

Boards (cont.)

Fluted polypropylene boards (e.g., Cor-X®, manufactured by Fomeboards Co.; Coro-plast®, manufactured by Coroplast, Inc.) Double-walled poly-carbonate (e.g., Lexan Thermoclear®, manufactured by Cadillac Plastics)

Microclimate:

Silica gel grade 03, mesh size 3-8 (Source: laboratory and chemical supply companies) Silica gel RD03® (manufactured by W.R. Grace & Co., Davison Chemical Division) Art Sorb®, gel beads and unpregnated sheets (manufactured) by Fuji-Davison Co.) Gore-Tex® silica tiles (manufactured by W.L. Gore & Associates) Humidity indicator cards (order from the Curatorial Services Division)



Page A-87


USE

DO NOT USE

WHY NOT

Tape:

Water-activated paper and linen tape Cotton or polyester twill tape

Pressure sensitive tapes; masking, strapping, duct and electrician’s tape Rubber bands

The adhesive degrades and the carrier peels off leaving residues and stains. Rubber degrades and sticks to surface

Fabrics:

Silk Crepeline (Talas; Conservation Materials, Ltd.) Polyester Stabiltex (Talas) Reemay 2014 (Talas); non-woven polyester fabric



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G. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adamson, Helen 1979 "Storage of Archaeological Material: The Problems.” Museum

Archaeologist 3:3-9.

Christenson, Andrew L. 1979 "Cultural Resource Management; the Role of Museums in Cultural

Resource Management". American Antiquity 44(l):161-163.

Dowman, Elizabeth A. 1970 Conservation in Field Archaeology. London: Methuen and Co.

Ford, Richard I. 1980 "A Three-Part System for Storage of Archeological Collections." Curator

23(l):55-62. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

Hodges, H. W. M. 1975 "Problems and Ethics of the Restoration of Pottery." Conservation in

Archaeology and the Applied Arts, Contributions to the Stockholm Congress, IIC, June 2-6, pp. 37-38.

Keene, S. (ed) 1980 Conservation Archaeology and Museums. UK Institute for Conservation,

Occasional Papers No. 10.

Leigh, David 1982 "The Selection, Conservation and Storage of Archaeological Finds."

Museums Journal 82(2):115-116.

Majewski, Lawrence 1972 "On Conservation: Archaeological Sites." Museum News 51(3):11-12.

Moyer, Curt 1986 "Archaeological Conservation Forum: This is not a Fixit Shop!" Society for

Historical Archaeology Newsletter. 19(2):33-36.

Pye, Elizabeth 1986 "Conservation and Storage: Archaeological Material." Manual of

Curatorship, 203-238. London: Butterworths.

Sease, Catherine 1987 A Conservation Manual for the Field Archeologist Archeological Research

Tools, Vol. 4, University of California, Los Angeles: Institute of Archeology.


Page A-89

Singley, Katherine R. 1981 "Caring for Artifacts after Excavation-Some Advice for Archaeologists."

Historical Archaeology 15(l):36-48.

Stanley Price, Nicholas (Ed.) 1984 Conservation on Archaeological Excavations. Rome: ICCROM.

United Kingdom Institute for Conservation 1983 "Excavated Artifacts for Publication." Conservation Guidelines No. 1.

1983 "Packaging and Storage of Freshly Excavated Artifacts from Archaeological

Sites." Conservation Guidelines No. 2.

1984 "Environmental Standards for the Permanent Storage of Excavated Material from Archaeological Sites." Conservation Guidelines No. 3.

Watkinson, David E. (Ed.) 1987 First Aid for Finds. UKIC Archaeology Section/RESCUE,

London: The British Archaeological Trust


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Appendix 14 Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations in Virginia GUIDELINES FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS in VIRGINIA Additional Guidance for the Implementation of the Federal Standards Entitled

Archeology and Historic Preservation:

Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines

(48 FR 44716-44742, September 29, 1983)

June 1996

Virginia Department of Historic Resources

221 Governor Street

Richmond, VA 23219

(804) 786-3143


Appendix 14 Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations In Virginia (continuation)

Page A-91

INTRODUCTION The Secretary of the Interior has developed broad national performance standards and guidelines to assist federal agencies in carrying out their historic preservation activities. These federal standards and guidelines are entitled Archeology and Historic Preservation; Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines (48 FR 44716-44742). Professionals working in Virginia have long recognized the need to standardize archaeological Field investigations. This set of guidelines was established to meet this need and to fill the gap between the broad-based federal guidelines and the various previously published field manuals. The Department of Historic Resources' (DHR) guidelines are intended to provide standards and offer general guidance without hindering the development and use of new and innovative approaches. The intent is to clarify expectations for archaeologists, their clients and the public. The guidelines describe widely accepted archaeological practices used in the mid-Atlantic region. They also encourage the selection of methods and techniques generally found to be the most efficient and cost-effective. It is hoped that these guidelines will enable project sponsors to better understand and assess proposals for archaeological survey. Users of the guidelines should feel free to contact DHR staff with questions about particular problems or projects. It is anticipated that the guidelines will be updated at regular intervals to incorporate unanticipated considerations and new approaches. DEFINITION OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE In general terms, an archaeological site is defined as the physical remains of any area of human activity greater than 50 years of age for which a boundary can be established. Examples of such resources would include the following: domestic/habitation sites, industrial sites, earthworks, mounds, quarries, canals, roads, shipwrecks, etc. Under the general definition, a broad range of site types would quality as archaeological sites without the identification of any artifacts. To establish a boundary for archaeological sites manifested exclusively by artifacts, the recovery of a minimum of three items is needed, related wither temporally or functionally and located within a spatially restricted area (300 square feet areas is suggested). Exceptions to this definition include any cultural material that has been redeposited, reflects casual discard, or represents one episode of behavior. Other items to consider in deciding whether or not an area warrants a site designation include survey conditions, survey methods and site types. Additional guidance on underwater site definition may be found in An Assessment of Virginia's Underwater Cultural Resources, Department of Historic Resources Survey and Planning Report Series No.3 (1994). Any occurrence that does not qualify for a site designation should be termed a location. Estimates of site boundaries may be based on the spatial distribution of artifacts and/or cultural features and their relationship to other features of the natural (landform, drainage) and cultural environment (historic landscape features). In addition, historic background information should be taken into consideration when defining the boundaries of a historic site. It is recognized that



Page A-92

the boundaries for resources located in urban or underwater environments may be difficult to estimate at the Phase I level. For all archaeological sites identified, a DHR Archaeological Site Inventory Form must be completed and submitted to DHR for review and approval. Effective September 1, 1996 all archaeological as well as architectural survey records must be submitted to DHR on disk in the Integrated Preservation Software (IPS) format. LEVELS OF INVESTIGATION There are three levels of documentation for cultural resources. The first two levels constitute components of what is defined in the federal standards as an "intensive" survey. Please recognize that this is different from a "reconnaissance" survey. Although defined in the federal standards, a reconnaissance level survey is not appropriate for projects submitted for review pursuant to Section 106 unless otherwise agreed upon by the DHR and the Project sponsor. For practical purposes the DHR has divided an intensive survey into two levels: identification (Phase I ) and evaluation (Phase II). The third level (Phase III) constitutes treatment for significant resources. The DHR normally does not recognize additional division into sub-phases (i.e., Phase Ia and Ib). Each phase is defined briefly below. Identification (Phase I). Identification involves compiling all relevant background information, along with comprehensive recordation of all sites, buildings, structures, objects and potential districts within the survey area.25 This information is used in planning and making decisions about historic resource management needs. The goals of a Phase I archaeological investigation are: to locate and identify all archeological sites in the survey area;

to estimate site size and boundaries and to provide an explanation as to how the estimate

was made; and to assess the site's potential for further (Phase 11) investigation.

Evaluation (Phase II). Evaluation of a resource's significance entails assessing the characteristics of a property against a defined historic context and the criteria of the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (National Register). The

25"All" is defined as those resources that have been identified through an reasonable and good faith survey effort. The

DHR acknowledges the occasional incident of late discovery and provision for such are provided in 36 CFR 800.11. "All" usually includes resources 50 years of age or greater as recognized by the National Register of Historic Places (36 CFR 60). Please note that some resources not yet 50 years old may be of exceptional importance and may need to be identified.



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evaluation shall result in a definition of those resources which are eligible or ineligible for Virginia Landmarks and National Register listing. The purpose of a site evaluation is: to determine whether the site is legible for the National Register, and

to provide recommendations for future treatment of the site.

These goals can best be met when research strategies focus on determining site

chronology, site function, intra-site structure and integrity. At the conclusion of a Phase II evaluation, the site boundaries should be accurately defined and the horizontal and vertical integrity of the site assessed. The level of effort and the methods employed will vary depending upon site size, site type and the environmental setting.

It is important to note that resource evaluations must apply to the resource as a whole, not just to the portion of the resource within the project area. Sites evaluated as part of a federal or state agency undertaking should be evaluated in their entirety, not just within the immediate project boundaries. However, testing strategies for Phase 11 evaluation studies may focus primarily on that portion of the resource that will be directly affected by the proposed project. Treatment (Phase III). Once the significance of a historic property has been established, the appropriate treatment for the resource is implemented. Only after evaluations are completed are treatment plans or documents developed. Treatment can include a variety of measures such as avoidance, recordation, data recovery, development of an historic preservation plan, rehabilitation or restoration. Documentation requirements for treatment are determined on a case-by-case basis.



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RESEARCH DESIGN Regardless of level, all archaeological investigations should be guided by prepared research designs which refer to regional preservation plans and embody a wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches. Research designs cannot and should not predetermine what one will find in the field but should be flexible in response to changing project needs and discoveries in the field. IDENTIFICATION (PHASE I) PHASE BACKGROUND RESEARCH Background research provides information regarding historic contexts and anticipated locations, frequency, and types of sites in the survey area. Background research should identify:

• previous archeological research in the area;

• the degree of existing disturbance;

• high and low probability areas; and

• the location of historic map-projected sites. The purpose of the background research is not to produce 1) a general prehistoric chronology; 2) an exhaustive general history of the county; or 3) and exhaustive synthesis of deed records or cartographic resources. A general historic context should be developed to the level needed to aid in site specific recommendations. Background research should be conducted before field investigations are initiated. The level of background research should be appropriate to the scale of the project. Sources of potentially valuable information are numerous and varied, including published and written texts, oral accounts, official documents, family records, artifact collections, and observations about folkways. In addition to more traditional sources of information such as state and university repositories, specialists and locally knowledgeable persons should be consulted along with local governments, historical societies, museums, libraries, etc. References to previous cultural resource studies and to existing archaeological collections and other data is a particularly valuable source of information. Conventional Survey At a minimum, the following sources should be considered:

• DHR Archaeological Site Inventory. This contains information on site typed, temporal affiliation, location and settlement pattern data and other site characteristics of previously recorded sites in the survey area and vicinity;



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• DHR library of cultural resource reports. These reports contain information similar to the archaeological site files but with additional data on historic contexts, regional chronologies, and settlement and subsistence patterns;

• Residents or informants with knowledge of local resources. Such people may have

information on previously unrecorded sites in the area or can offer an oral history for historic sites;

• DHR Architectural Site and Structures Inventory. This contains information on types of

historic sites and structures, temporal affiliation, and location and settlement pattern data for structures that may no longer be extant;

• Archival map research. Holdings at the Virginia State Library and Archives are indexed according to county. Other sources include the Gilmer maps, and U.S.G.S. quadrangles over 50 years old. The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War as well as the maps prepared between 1991 and 1994 by the Civil War Sites Advisory commission should also be considered;

• Local county histories. These often contain site specific information.

Special Environment Surveys Surveys can be conducted in environments where conventional site discovery methods cannot be employed. The two most common examples are urban environments, where modern construction materials obscure the ground surface, and underwater environments, where resources may be submerged. More intensive background research is necessary for these types of environments, and different sources of background information are available.

Urban sites - Urban areas often contain buried historic remains but they may also contain prehistoric sites or sites that were previously underwater or in rural settings. Documentary research should be performed as early as possible in the project planning stage well in advance of any pending construction. At a minimum, the research should consider the following: • Archival records, such as city directories, city ordinances, Sanborn insurance maps,

census data, etc.; • Relevant information on previous disturbance. Construction that may have disturbed

earlier deposits may be assessed by a visual inspection of the survey area and an examination of any records that relate to ground disturbance activities (e.g. presences of basements on Sanborn insurance maps, construction of utility lines, etc.);

• Historic maps that contain locational data on structures; and



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• Historic photographs and illustrations (e.g. Harper's Weekly, etc.). Underwater sites - Underwater sites may consist of sites that were once terrestrial (either prehistoric or historic), shipwrecks, docks, piers, launch ways, etc. Professionals working in underwater environments should consider the following:

• DHR Archaeological Site Inventory and library of cultural resource reports; • The degree of previous disturbance (dredging, etc.); • Documents such as navigation charts, naval records, bathymetric charts, geological

charts, etc.; • Interviews with local divers and watermen; and

• Piers and other associated terrestrial remains that may suggest the presence of

submerged resources.

PHASE I METHODS Field methods should be appropriate to existing field conditions, should be based on a research design, and should reflect the current state of professional knowledge. Conventional Survey When field conditions warrant, systematic visual inspection of plowed fields and surface collection of artifacts has proven to be a highly effective and efficient method of site survey. We encourage replowing and discing prior to inspection. All exposed surfaces should be inspected. However, at least 50% exposure is needed to warrant visual inspection without complementary subsurface investigation. When an archaeological site is identified by visual inspection, excavation of at least two shovel test pits (STPS) is recommended to assess site depth and presence or absence of intact cultural strata and/or features. However, low probability areas (e.g. poorly drained soils, steep slopes, generally with grade greater than 15%) and extensively disturbed areas need only be subject to visual inspection. For large survey areas that utilize predictive models at the Phase I level to identify archaeological sites, verification of the model should include testing of at lease 10% of the identified low probability areas. Excavation of small (generally one foot in diameter) STPs remains one of the most reliable means of site identification in areas of low surface visibility. Whenever possible, STPs should be tied to a known datum or Fixed reference point, with their location clearly marked on appropriate maps.



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As a general rule STPs should be excavated at intervals no greater than 50 feet and should continue to sterile subsoil if possible. It is recognized that different site types, as well as soils and topography, may justify a larger STP interval. Justification for the STP interval selected should be clearly presented in the report. Similarly a tighter interval should be considered if small, low-density sites are anticipated. The standard 50-foot interval for STPs may also be augmented by judgmental testing in

• high probability areas;

• map-projected site areas, and

• areas containing vegetation or cultural landscape features associated with historic sites. Additional STPs at tighter intervals should be excavated to determine whether individual artifacts recovered from one STP with no adjacent positive STPs are isolated finds or small low density sites. An attempt should be made to estimate the site boundaries at this stage of the investigation. The boundaries for sites in areas of poor surface visibility may be defined by the excavation of STPs in a cruciform pattern or at radial transacts (Chartkoff, 1978). All soils from STPs must be screened through 0.25" hardware cloth. All artifacts should be retained with the exception of materials such as brick, shell, charcoal, etc., which may be noted in the field, a sample retained and the remainder discarded. If extensive colluvial or alluvial deposits are known to be present in the survey area, consideration should be given to identify buried sites. Deep testing accomplished with heavy equipment is the standard site discovery method for locating deeply buried sites. Notes on all STPs should be recorded and should include information on survey/site/transect identification and location, either a profile drawing or detailed description of strata, soil types and Munsell descriptions, depth measurement, and a list of artifacts (both kept and discarded). It is important to note the environmental conditions under which any testing strategy was employed (e.g. adverse weather, condition of ground surface, etc.). A detailed map should be prepared showing areas surveyed, areas eliminated from survey due to disturbance, slope, wetness, etc., and the location of the positive and negative STPS. Remote sending Remote sensing is used to augment more traditional survey methods by identifying high potential areas for subsurface testing. Remote sensing (using metal detectors, proton magnetometers and ground penetrating radar, etc.) May be appropriate for certain types of sites, particularly for underwater sites. A specific case must be made in the research design for the use of remote sensing and its relationship to other survey methods must be made explicit. In underwater survey, remote sensing is often effective in identifying targets for later diver verification.



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Special environment surveys

Urban sites - Archeological testing in urban settings often involves unusual circumstances. We recommend that research designs for urban Phase I surveys be discussed in advance with DHR staff. Prior documentary research is critical because the spatial limits of urban archeological deposits often cannot be defined in the same manner as the boundaries of non-urban sites. Such research may aid in determining the historical boundaries of streets, blocks, house lots, etc.

In general, identification efforts in an urban area should include:

• Test units (in most cases larger than STPS) based upon available documentary evidence

and current site conditions; • Identification of the presence, distribution, and preservation of architectural evidence, site

stratigraphy, features, and assessment of site significance based upon all available documentary evidence. Previous work at urban sites indicates it is useful to target midlot and backlot areas for cellars, privies, wells and cisterns;

• Recordation and assessment of features containing large numbers of artifacts; • The use of mechanized equipment, such as backhoes, excavators, front end loaders, etc.

Mechanized equipment if efficient for exposing buried deposits, particularly when the overburden of fill is deep. It should be recognized, however, that the fill may be seen as part of the history of the site itself and not simply as a modern intrusion. Mechanized equipment should be use with care to complement more traditional archaeological strategies;

• Sampling strategies for artifact recovery. Sampling strategies should be addressed on an

individual basis and the method chosen justified in the research design; • Recordation of excavation procedures including drawings and photographs; and • Compliance with OSHA guidelines.

Underwater sites - Archaeological testing in underwater settings often involves unusual circumstances. We recommend that research designs for underwater Phase I surveys be discussed in advance with DHR staff.



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In general, identification efforts in an underwater setting should include:

• Placement of test units based on remote sensing, results and knowledge of the sunken vessel or submerged cultural remains;

• Use of mechanized equipment where extensive modem overburden is present; • Careful examination of air-lifted and water-dredged soil samples. The soil samples

should always be screened through mesh or net bagging. • Recordation of the excavation procedure to include drawings and photographs if visibility

permits; and • Compliance with safety standards of nationally recognized diving organizations (PADI,

NAUI, SSI, etc.). For more detailed guidance regarding methods for underwater survey, consult state guidelines for underwater archeology prepared by Maryland and North Carolina. EVALUATION (PHASE II) The goals of Phase II evaluation survey are:

• to determine whether the site is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places; and

• to provide recommendations for future treatment of the site. Phase II evaluation should accurately assess the horizontal and vertical integrity of the site as well as define the site boundaries. The level of effort and the methods employed will vary depending upon the environmental setting and site type. The site should be evaluated in its entirety, not just within the immediate project boundaries. However, testing strategies for Phase II evaluation studies may focus primarily on that portion of the resource to be directly affected by the proposed project. PHASE II BACKGROUND RESEARCH Phase II background research should expand and refine the research conducted during the Phase I identification by:

• a more intensive examination of reports and records consulted during the Phase survey; • more in-depth interviews with informants; and • examination of more detailed records, (e.g. deed records, tax records, census records,

probate records, circuit court records, etc.).



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Background research for prehistoric period sites should focus on gathering more detailed information concerning site chronology, function, and regional settlement and subsistence patterns. For historic sites, background research should focus on site-specific data such as site chronology, function, and ethnicity and socioeconomic status of site occupants.

PHASE II METHODS

The choice of field methods should be based upon a research design and should always reflect the current state of professional knowledge. Accurately defining site boundaries is a goal that can often be accomplished by conducting a controlled surface collection for those sites having good ground surface visibility. Sites with poor surface visibility may require an intensive testing program to establish boundaries. Testing strategies should take into account the following:

• results of the Phase I testing; • results of background research; • cultural or natural features located on the surface (e.g. mounds, cellar depressions, fence

lines, avoidance of previously disturbed areas, large trees etc.); • systemic or probabilistic sampling schemes, and • remote sensing results.

Consideration should be given to placing test units larger than STPs in areas with differing artifact types and densities. Phase II testing strategies should result in the recovery of a representative sample of artifacts and determine the presence or absence of intact features. Features may require sampling on a case-by-case basis to verify their cultural association and to determine their age, function and research potential. When previously recovered data addresses these issues, feature excavation should not be undertaken. While it is impossible to define a point applicable in all instances at which testing ends and data recovery begins, a rule of thumb is that testing is completed when sufficient information has been gathered to make a determination of eligibility or a management decision. "Testing" that destroys large portions of a site prevents the consideration of other site treatment alternatives and should be avoided at the Phase II level. A permanent, Fixed datum should be established on all sites recommended for Phase III data recover. Special Environments



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Testing strategies at urban and underwater sites should be based on the results of intensive archival research and of the Phase I testing. Safety factors should be considered in determining the need for further work to be conducted in special environments. This includes properties with documented hazardous material, as well as deeply buried sites. Appropriate safety standards should be adhered to in all cases. PHASE II FIELD DOCUMENTATION As with Phase I identification, the choice of methods for recording Phase II evaluation field data should be based on a research design and enable independent interpretation. At a minimum, the following information should be recorded: Test unit documentation should include the following:

• provenience; • name of excavator; • date; • description of cultural material; • soils; • profile; and • planview.

The site map should include the following:

• orientation and scale; • location of all STPs, larger size test units, and all above ground cultural features,

including landscape features and any previously disturbed areas; • site datum; and • site boundaries.

Photo documentation should be provided for

• All cultural features evident on the surface (e.g. mounds, cellar depressions, etc.); and

• All cultural evidence beneath the surface (e.g. features, significant stratigraphy, etc.)

PHASE II ANALYSIS Phase II analysis should be oriented toward evaluation of the site and its ability to answer important research questions. This may be accomplished by

• Examination of intrasite structure;

• Discussion of the relationship between surface and subsurface remains; and



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• Tabulation of data on provenience. EVALUATION OF HUMAN REMAINS Human burials represent an unique resource and require special consideration when being evaluated for the National Register. As a general rule, cemeteries are not considered eligible for listing on the National Register. For specific guidance on criteria for listing cemeteries, refer to National Register Bulletin 4 1, Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places. If the evaluation includes the archaeological removal from in situ placement of humans remains and/or associated grave goods, a permit from DHR is needed in accordance with Code of Virginia 10.1-2305. When evaluation burials for listing on the National Register, the following items are considered by DHR in making its decisions:

• Historic documentation, if applicable

• Clearly delineated features (grave shafts)

• Artifacts

• Bone preservation In general, burials must have good bone preservation in order to be eligible under criterion D. However, it may be possible to demonstrate significance without good bone preservation if documentation, along with artifacts, can establish a secure date for the remains and demonstrate the ability of the resource to provide significant new information on topics such as mortuary practices, etc. PHASE III (DATA RECOVERY) All due consideration should be given to practical methods of preserving significant archaeological sites in place. However, when appropriate consultation has taken place, and it is agreed that preservation in place is not practical, data recovery may be appropriate. Data recovery should address defined and defensible research questions. It should be conducted in the most efficient manner possible. There is no single or standard way. The nature, scope and boundaries of the data recovery will be determined by the parties consulting on the project. In terms of the substantive content, we recommend that the research design be guided by certain basic principles presented in the Advisory Council on Historic Preservations' booklet consulting About Archeology Under Section 106 (1990). The preparer of a data recovery plan should ensure that:



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• The amount and areas of the site to be excavated are reasonable given the anticipated project impacts to the site, and the questions posed in the data recovery plan are answerable given the excavation strategy;

• The research questions appear logical, current and answerable in terms of the

potential information the site(s) can be expected to yield given the amount and nature of excavation proposed; and

• The proposed field and laboratory methods for retrieving the information are

consonant with the questions asked of the data. All recovery plans should include the following elements:

• Information on the archaeological property or properties where data recovery is carried out, and the context in which such properties are eligible for the National Register;

• Discussion of the research questions to be addressed through the data recovery, with

an explanation/justification of their relevance and importance;

• Description of the recovery methods to be used, with an explanation of their pertinence to the research questions;

• Information on arrangements for any regular progress reports or meetings to keep

agency managers and SHPOs up to date on the course of the work;

• Description of the proposed disposition of recovered materials and records, along with evidence of agreement regarding curatorial responsibilities;

• Proposed methods for disseminating results of the work to the interested public (e.g.

presentation during Virginia Archaeology Month, etc.); and

• Proposed methods by which any relevant Indian tribes, local governments and other specific groups will be kept informed of the work, and if human remains or grave goods are expected to be encountered, information on consultation with the Virginia Council on Indians, the United Indians of Virginia and any other relevant Indian tribe regarding final disposition of the materials.

CURATION OF ARTIFACTS AND DOCUMENTATION Archaeological investigations usually result in the retrieval of archaeological materials (artifacts) and production of original data (notes, records, photographs) for a project. Artifacts and data are an integral part of the documentary record of an archaeological site and should be curated to ensure their stability and availability for future research.



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Artifacts that are removed from private lands in connection with a federal action are generally the property of the land owner. Notes, records and photographs generated as a result of a federal action are the property of the federal government, regardless of the location of the archeological site. Provision for the costs of curation may be made a condition to the issuance of a federal license or permit. When the owner cannot provide proper curatorial care, the federal curation standards recommend but do not require that the federal agency seek title to the collection. The place where a project's artifacts and original data will be curated should be determined before beginning any fieldwork. DHR encourages placement of collections with the Virginia Archaeological Curation Facility, the principal repository for archaeological materials recovered from sites in Virginia. Prior to acceptance of a collection, DHR requires documentation of ownership or a Memorandum of Understanding with the involved state or federal agency clearly establishing Curation responsibilities. The current fee is $75.00 per Hollinger box. The National Park Service has established federal curation standards, entitled Curation of Federally Owned and Administered Archeological Collections (36 CFR 79), which apply to surveys, excavation or other studies conducted in connection with a federal action, assistance, license or permit. In 1993 DHR, in consultation with the Council of Virginia Archaeologists, established minimum standards for the processing and curation of archaeological collections. These standards should be followed for all collections to be curated by DHR. DHR recommends adherence to these requirements for all archaeological collections generated in Virginia, in order to standardize curation practices, ensure professionalism in the treatment of archaeological materials, and to assure the availability of collections and documentation for future research. Any repository that is providing curatorial services for a collection subject to the federal regulations must possess the capability to provide adequate long-term curatorial services, as set forth in 36 CFR 79, to safeguard and preserve the associated records and any material remains deposited in the repository. There is no grandfather clause in the federal regulations. This applies equally to repositories that agree to preserve collections after the effective date (October 12, 1990) as well as repositories that agreed prior to that date. If a repository's officials find that they are no longer able to provide long-term curation, they have the responsibility to consult with the federal agency responsible for the project regarding an acceptable repository for the existing collections. PERSONNEL The Principal Investigator has the responsibility to conduct field investigations in a manner that will add to the understanding of past cultures and will develop better theories, methods and techniques for interpreting the archaeological record while causing minimal attrition of the archaeological resource base. The Principal Investigator must meet the professional standards set by the Secretary of the Interior and has the ultimate responsibility for the overall quality of the project and for achieving the objectives of the research design. The skills of the investigative personnel must be appropriate to the nature of the project and to the goals and specifications delineated in the research design.



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PERMITS The following permits may be necessary to conduct archaeological work in the state. The Principal Investigator is responsible for ensuring that any applicable permits are acquired.

• Human remains (administered by DHR, Code of Virginia 10. 1-2305). A permit from DHR is needed for the archaeological removal from in situ placement of humans remains and/or associated grave goods;

• State owned lands (administered by DHR, code of Virginia 10-1-2302). A permit is

need from DHR for excavation of archaeological sites on state owned lands or state designated archaeological sites or zones.

• Cave permits (administered by Department of Conservation and Recreation, Code of

Virginia 10.1- 1000- 1008);

• Underwater permits (administered by the Virginia Marine Resources Commission, Code of Virginia 10.1-2214 and 28.2-1203, and the United States Army Corps of engineers, Section 10 of the Rivers and harbors Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. § 403), AND Section 404 of the Clean Water Act [42 U.S.C. § 7506(c)].). A state owned lands permit is needed from the DHR for archaeological excavations on submerged state owned lands;

• Federal lands permit [Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (ARPA) 16

U.S.C. §§ 469-469c]. ARPA permits are issued by the federal agency owning the land; and

• Local permits as required

REFERENCES CITED Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

1990 Consulting About Archeology Under Section 106. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

Blanton, Dennis B. and Donald W. Linebaugh

1994 An Assessment of Virginia Underwater Cultural Resources. Virginia Department of Historic Resources Survey and Planning Report Series No. 3

Chartkoff, Joseph L.

1978 Transect Interval Sampling in Forests. American Antiquity 43:46-53.

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, 16 U.S.C. §§ 470-470w-6.



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Virginia Department of Historic Resources 1993 State Curation Standards.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.

1983 Archeology and Historic Preservation: Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines. Federal Register 48(190):44716-4472 1992 Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places. National Register Bulletin No. 41. U.S. Government Printing Office.

1990 Curation of Federally Owned and Administered Archeological Collections; Final Rule. Federal Register 55 (177): 37616-37639.


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Appendix 15 Guidelines and Procedures for Historic Collections Management

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

The Fairfax County Park Authority collects, preserves, exhibits and interprets historic artifacts and material culture in support of the stated mission and comprehensive plan of the Authority:

"To ... assist citizens in the protection of…cultural heritage to guarantee that these resources will be available to both present and future generations"

"Cultural resources... may include structures, historic landscapes ... folklore, documents ... objects... The obligation to preserve these cultural resources ... is the obligation of stewardship. Within the context of stewardship ... policies, guidelines and laws charge the Fairfax County Park Authority with the obligation to locate, identify, evaluate, preserve, manage and interpret significant cultural resources ... in such a way that they may be preserved for future generations.

and the stated mission of the Resource Management Division:

"To identify, preserve and interpret the cultural ... resources of Fairfax County and the Fairfax County Park Authority; to encourage the enjoyment, understanding and appreciation of these resources by citizens and visitors; ... to provide leadership ... in protecting and maintaining the county's heritage; to maintain museum accreditation and the highest professional standards of stewardship and interpretation."

The Fairfax County Park Authority Board recognizes that stewardship of collections

entails the highest public trust. Collections management is accordingly recognized as an essential responsibility of the Authority. Members of the Fairfax County Park Authority Board and all Park Authority staff subscribe to the Code of Ethics for Museums, adopted in 1993 by the American Association of Museums, as they apply to the historic collections and all collections management guidelines and procedures.

Enforcement of the policies, ethics, standards and procedures concerning the preservation and protection of the Fairfax County Park Authority historic collections is the responsibility of all Fairfax County Park Authority staff in any and all instances in which collections are exhibited, stored, interpreted or otherwise utilized.


Appendix 15 Guidelines and Procedures for Historic Collections Management (continuation)

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The Director of the Fairfax County Park Authority has assigned responsibility for the historic collections to the Resource Management Division. The Director of the Resource Management Division has delegated administration of all historic collections to the Resource Stewardship Section. Under the supervision of the Resource Stewardship Section Manager, the Collections Manager is charged with daily care and security of the Historic Artifact Collection, including the manner in which objects are exhibited, stored, transported and conserved, as well as planning for future needs and growth. Specific procedures for the appropriate care and management of this collection are set forth in the Collections Manual and are based on standards of the American Association of Museums. The Cultural Resource Protection Manager is responsible for the Park Authority Archaeological Collections and the County Archaeologist is responsible for the County Archaeological Collections. Specific procedures for the care and management of the archaeological collections follow the State Curation Standards defined by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.

The Resource Management Committee of the Park Authority Board is responsible for review of the Historic Collections Policy. Staff shall revise historic collections management procedures and manuals as necessary to comply with professional and state guidelines. SCOPE OF COLLECTIONS

The Fairfax County Park Authority collects artifacts, photographs, documents, architectural and archaeological fragments and other material culture and reference materials in support of the Park Authority's stated mission and purposes so that they may be preserved, exhibited, interpreted, or used for research. Wherever possible, original objects shall be collected. Where these must be preserved or are prohibitive or not available, reproductions may be acquired to support the Authority's interpretive mission. The following categories shall be collected:

• Objects and materials associated with or representing the history of the historic structures, sites and parks administered by the Fairfax County Park Authority

• Objects and materials associated with or representing the history of individuals

residing or businesses operating at those historic structures, sites and parks

• Objects and materials associated with or representing the cultural origins connected with those historic structures, sites and parks

• Objects and materials associated with or representing the general history, growth

and development of Fairfax County

The Fairfax County Park Authority collections are classified as follows and all gifts, purchases, loans, found and field collected materials shall be assigned to one of the following collections:



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• Historic Artifact Collection - The permanent collection of original historic objects as defined in the Scope of Collections above. Such items may be used for exhibition and research purposes and, in specified instances, interpretive programs. These collections of material culture owned by or on loan to the Fairfax County Park Authority shall be preserved, protected and cared for by the Authority in the public trust for future generations.

• Archives Collection - Documentary, photographic, and audio-visual materials

pertaining to the history of the Fairfax County Park Authority. The purpose of this archive shall be to preserve such records and to serve as a central repository available to scholars, Park Authority staff, citizens of Fairfax County, and other researchers studying and recording the history of Fairfax County.

• Property Collection - Reproductions, duplicate historic objects, and special use

items which conform to the Scope of Collections as defined above and which may be used for exhibition, study, or educational purposes. Reproductions will be identified and the special nature of historic objects in this collection will be discussed by staff to the best of their ability whenever inquiries are made by the public.

• Architectural Materials Inventory - Architectural materials acquired as a result of

structural preservation activities or field collection. Such artifacts serve as primary source materials for research and may also be used for exhibition and interpretive programs.

• Archaeological Collections- Materials acquired as a result of subterranean

excavation, surface survey, or field collection. Such artifacts serve as primary source materials for research and may also be used for exhibition and interpretive programs. The Park Authority Archaeological Collections are those acquired as a result of archaeological activities on Authority parklands. The County Archaeological Collections are those acquired as a result of archaeological activities on non-parkland property throughout Fairfax County.

ACQUISITIONS

Materials and objects of historic significance may be acquired through gift, purchase, bequest, exchange, field collection or other transactions whereby title of ownership is transferred to the Fairfax County Park Authority. Members of the Park Authority Board and staff are discouraged from collecting privately in competition with the Authority. Fairfax County Park Authority Board members and staff shall follow the same guidelines and procedures as all other donors and lenders to the Authority.

In acquiring historic collections, each proffered gift or potential purchase shall be evaluated individually in terms of its conformity to the Scope of Collections, its authenticity, condition, quality, the foreseeable needs of the collection, and the ability of the Fairfax County



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Park Authority to care for the object or material in a manner consistent with professional museum standards.

All donations of historic objects are considered outright and unrestricted gifts to be used at the sole discretion of the Fairfax County Park Authority. Donors must certify that they have clear title of ownership to proffered gifts. Acquisitions shall include full literary rights, property rights, copyrights, patents and trademarks. No staff member may reproduce objects from any of the Authority's historic collections for private sale or gain.

The Authority shall not purchase acquisitions of historic objects from members of the Park Authority Board, staff or volunteers. The Fairfax County Park Authority will not knowingly accept any artifact that has been stolen or illegally exported from its country of origin or whose recovery involved destruction of historic or archaeological sites, buildings, structures, objects or the culture of which they were a part for the purpose of their acquisition.

Accessioning is the formal process used to accept and record an item as a collections object. After consideration by appropriate staff, the Collections Manager shall submit a written recommendation to acquire an object or material for approval to the Resource Stewardship Section Manager, the Resource Management Division Director, and the Park Authority Director. No other staff member, volunteer, or other persons associated with the Fairfax County Park Authority may obligate the Authority to accept or purchase any object or material. Once approved, acquisitions shall be accessioned promptly according to procedures stated in the Collections Manual.

The Fairfax County Park Authority assumes no responsibility for the appraisal of objects or materials offered as gifts to the Authority. No staff member shall offer to estimate the fair market value of materials or objects or reveal the insurance value of similar items for the purpose of establishing a fair market value for gifts offered or casually brought to the Fairfax County Park Authority. Donors desiring income tax deductions must obtain independent appraisals. LOANS

Loans are temporary assignments of collection objects to or from the Authority which do not involve a change of ownership and which are for stated purposes, such as exhibition or research. AU loan activities shall be conducted in a manner that respects the protection and preservation of cultural resources. All loans extended to or from the Fairfax County Park Authority shall be for stated and specific periods of time. Loans to the Authority shall be appropriate to the Scope of Collections and shall be given the same level of care as provided to the Authority's own collections. Lenders must certify that they hold full and clear title to the objects or are the duly authorized agent of the owner.

The Collections Manager monitors all loans and specifies conditions for their exhibition, interpretive use, protection and care. Any and all restrictions and specific conditions accompanying a loan to or from the Authority shall be so stated on the Authority's appropriate Loan Agreement form. Written approval of the Authority's appropriate loan agreement by the



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Resource Stewardship Section Manager and the Resource Management Division Director is required to finalize all loans.

Loans from the Fairfax County Park Authority will be made only to those institutions able to provide objects the proper care and protection required during transport and exhibition and through all phases of the loan period. Loans from the Fairfax County Park Authority shall be made only to other museums for educational, interpretive or research purposes.

Objects placed in the temporary custody of the Authority are items that are not owned by the Authority but left temporarily on its premises. As a public service staff may attempt to attribute, identify or authenticate such objects brought to the Authority. All objects or materials left in the temporary custody of the Authority must be accompanied by a written receipt signed by the owner and by an authorized staff person. All objects left in temporary custody of the Authority must immediately be turned over to the Collections Manager for appropriate action. Such objects or materials may not be deposited with the Authority or remain on Authority premises longer than thirty days, unless mutually agreed upon in writing. The Authority accepts no responsibility for notification of individuals for the return of such deposits. After one year, unclaimed property shall become an unrestricted gift to the Authority. CARE

The Fairfax County Park Authority assumes responsibility for the care, protection and preservation of the historic objects under its stewardship. Collections practices and procedures followed by the Authority conform to professional standards established by the American Association of Museums and are specified in the Collections Manual. The Collections Manager shall monitor the exhibition, storage, interpretation or other utilization of the Historic Artifact Collections so as to insure that the methods of their preservation, protection and security are in accordance with professional museum standards. RECORDS

Each object in the historic collections and all records pertaining to that object shall be given its own unique accession number. Each type of collection shall use a numbering system that is distinct from all the others. A permanent record of accessions with their documentation, including all legal instruments, agreements, conveyances, research and descriptive catalog records pertaining to each acquisition and loan in the Historic Artifact Collection, shall be maintained by the Collections Manager. These records shall be kept according to professional museum standards and updated regularly through annual inventory, periodic reappraisal, research and other appropriate means to provide a record of the current status of each object in the collection. Duplicate catalog records are deposited in a separate, secure location.

All records pertaining to the Property and Archives Collections and the Architectural Materials Inventory are maintained by the Collections Manager. All records pertaining to the Park Authority Archaeological Collections are maintained by the Cultural Resource Protection Manager and all records pertaining to the County Archaeological Collections are maintained by the County Archaeologist.



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INSURANCE All Historic Artifact Collection acquisitions and all objects covered by formal loan

agreement with the Fairfax County Park Authority shall be insured through a museum fine arts policy, unless specifically stated in writing as otherwise insured. All outgoing loans shall be insured by the borrower, unless specifically stated in writing as otherwise insured. Objects or materials left in temporary custody are not covered by Fairfax County Park Authority insurance. All other Park Authority collections are insured through the Authority's policy for property loss.

The Authority shall make every attempt to maintain current fair market values for the objects in the Historic Artifact Collection by assigning estimated values at the time of accession and by employing a certified appraiser to conduct reappraisals of the collection every three years.

All records of insurance and appraisal value for the Historic Artifact Collection shall be maintained by the Collections Manager. ACCESS

The Park Authority's collections and related information are made accessible to the public through its exhibits and programs and to researchers by appointment. Access to the collections and their related records for research and educational purposes by scholars, students and the public is monitored by the Collections Manager, or, in the case of the Archaeological Collections, the Cultural Resource Protection Manager or County Archaeologist as appropriate.

An annual Report of the Status of the Collections shall be submitted to the Fairfax County Park Authority Board by the Director of the Resource Management Division. This report shall summarize all Historic Artifact Collection activities, including acquisitions, loans and deaccessions.

The Report of the Status of the Collections and Policy 501: Historic Collections are made available to the public upon request. DEACCESSIONING

Deaccessioning is the formal process of permanently removing accessioned objects and materials from the Historic Artifact Collection. This process shall be measured and deliberate.

Before an object is recommended for deaccessioning, all reasonable efforts shall be made to ascertain that the Authority is legally free to do so. The Collections Manager in consultation with other appropriate staff may recommend an object for deaccessioning if no restrictions prohibit the removal of an object or material from the collection, and if one or more of the following criteria are met:

• The object or material is not relevant or useful to the stated purposes of the Fairfax County Park Authority or is outside the Scope of Collections as stated above.



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• The object or material has failed to retain its identity or authenticity, and has deteriorated beyond usefulness or practicable conservation.

• The object or material has been lost or stolen and remains lost for longer than five

years or five inventories of the complete collection. • The object or material duplicates other objects or materials in the collection. • The Park Authority lacks the resources to preserve the object properly • Deaccession and disposal of the object or material does not compromise the

Authority's commitment to protect and preserve natural and cultural resources, to discourage illicit trade in such materials and to respect the special nature of human remains and funerary and sacred objects.

Each object must be individually recommended for deaccessioning in writing on the Park

Authority's Deaccession and Disposal form and include the object's source, estimated market value, reason for recommending deaccessioning and suggested method of disposal.

The Resource Management Division Director may approve the deaccessioning of an object from the Historic Artifact Collection for transfer to another Fairfax County Park Authority collection when it more properly meets the criteria of the other collection. Objects of modest value ($1,000 or less) and objects that have lost their physical integrity, and

thus their interpretive, historical and market value, may be deaccessioned and disposed of by the Director of the Fairfax County Park Authority. These include objects that have been lost or stolen for longer than five years or five inventories of the complete collection and objects that have deteriorated beyond their usefulness or practicable conservation. The Fairfax County Park Authority Board must be advised of all such deaccessions.

In all other instances the procedure for deaccessioning is as follows:

• The Collections Manager in consultation with other appropriate staff recommends

an object for deaccessioning in writing, using the Authority's Deaccession and Disposal form.

• The Resource Stewardship Section Manager reviews the recommendation. If

approved, the recommendation to deaccession is forwarded to the Director of the Resource Management Division.

• The Director of the Resource Management Division reviews the recommendation.

If approved, the recommendation to deaccession is forwarded to the Director of the Fairfax County Park Authority.



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• The Director of the Park Authority reviews the recommendation. If approved, the recommendation to deaccession is forwarded to the Fairfax County Park Authority Board.

• The Board reviews and approves or disapproves the recommendation. Except in

the cases noted above, approval by the Fairfax County Park Authority Board is necessary to formally deaccession an object.

When an object has been deaccessioned, steps to dispose of the object are as follows: • As a courtesy, original donors of deaccessioned gifts will be notified of the Park

Authority's decision to deaccession the object. • Every effort shall be made to place deaccessioned objects with another museum

or cultural institution by offering them for sale or exchange and advertising in appropriate professional media.

• If no museum or institution expresses interest in acquiring the deaccessioned

object through sale or exchange, it is placed at auction for sale to the general public.

No member of the Fairfax County Park Authority board, staff or their immediate families or representatives may purchase or otherwise acquire any deaccessioned object.

• Upon deaccessioning and disposal, all records pertaining to the object are placed

in a special file for deaccessioned objects. In no event are any documents or other records concerning the object disposed of or destroyed.

• Disposal of collections through sale, trade or research activities is solely for the

advancement of the Authority's mission. All proceeds realized from the sale of a deaccessioned object are placed in the Fairfax County Park Authority fund account specifically designated for acquisitions to or conservation of objects in the Historic Artifact Collection.

ETHICS AND HISTORIC COLLECTIONS

The Fairfax County Park Authority subscribes to the "Code of Ethics for Museums" adopted by the American Association of Museums November 12, 1993.

The distinctive character of museum ethics derives from the ownership, care and use of objects, specimens and living collections representing the world's natural and cultural common wealth. This stewardship of collections entails the highest public trust and carries with it the presumption of rightful ownership, permanence, care, documentation, accessibility and responsible disposal.

Thus, the Authority ensures that:



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• Collections in its custody support its mission and public trust responsibilities. • Collections in its custody are protected, secure, unencumbered, cared for and

preserved. • Collections in its custody are accounted for and documented. • Access to the collections and related information is permitted and regulated.

• Acquisition, disposal and loan activities are conducted in a manner that respects

the protection and preservation of natural and cultural resources and discourages illicit trade in such materials.

• Acquisition, disposal and loan activities conform to its mission and public trust

responsibilities.

• Disposal of collections through sale, trade or research activities is solely for the advancement of the museums mission. Proceeds from the sale of nonliving collections are to be used consistent with the established standards of the museum's discipline, but in no event shall they be used for anything other than acquisition or direct care of collections.

• The unique and special nature of human remains and funerary and sacred objects

is recognized as the basis of all decisions concerning such collections.

• Collections-related activities promote the public good rather than individual financial gain.

__________________ Revised July 1997


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Appendix 16 Guiding Principles for the Care and Management of Live Animal Collections

SECTION 1 - DEFINITION The Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections consist of living farm animals and captive wild animals that support agency, division, and individual site missions and are interpreted in exhibits, demonstrations and educational programs or studied in research activities. Live Animal Collections are individuals and groups or colonies of species that are cared for and housed at agency facilities for extended periods of time. These Collections do not include animals used in surveys or catch and release programs, fish stocked by the state in parks, hen’s eggs, feeder animals, or wildlife in the parks. SECTION 2 - MISSION These Guiding Principles stem from the Fairfax County Park Authority mission. The Fairfax County Park Authority collects, cares for, houses, exhibits and interprets farm animals and naturalized and native wild species in support of its stated mission:

“To set aside public spaces for and assist citizens in the protection and enhancement of environmental values, diversity of natural habitats and cultural heritage to guarantee that these resources will be available to both present and future generations. To create and sustain quality facilities and services which offer citizens opportunities for recreation, improvement of their physical and mental well being, and enhancement of their quality of life.”

Members of the Fairfax County Park Authority Board and all Fairfax County Park Authority staff subscribe to the Code of Ethics for Museums adopted by the American Association of Museums (AAM), to the Resource Management Division Institutional and Professional Code of Ethics adopted by the Fairfax County Park Authority Board, and to the spirit of the Code of Professional Ethics espoused by the National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) as they apply to live animal collections. The Fairfax County Park Authority is bound by all federal, state and county regulations applicable to the stewardship and use of live animals. The Fairfax County Park Authority defines stewardship as “The careful and responsible management of the resources entrusted to the Fairfax County Park Authority by the citizens of Fairfax County in order to ensure their integrity for present and future generations.” The Fairfax County Park Authority recognizes that stewardship of Live Animal Collections entails the highest public trust. Management of its Live Animal Collections is accordingly recognized as an essential responsibility of the Fairfax County Park Authority. Enforcement of the guiding principles, regulations, ethics, practices and procedures concerning the stewardship of agency Live Animal Collections is the responsibility of all Fairfax County Park Authority staff in any and all instances in which these collections are cared for, housed, interpreted, exhibited, or otherwise utilized by the Fairfax County Park Authority or its agents. The Director of the Fairfax County Park Authority has assigned responsibility for Live Animal Collections to the Resource Management Division. The Director of the Resource Management


Appendix 16 Guiding Principles for the Care and Management of Live Animal Collections (continuation)

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Division has delegated oversight of any required permits to the Resource Management Division Site Operations Branch Manager. The Resource Management Division Director has delegated review of site stewardship practices to the Live Animal Collections Committee. The Live Animal Collections Committee regularly reviews and revises live animal collections management principles and procedures as necessary to comply with federal, state and local regulations and professional guidelines. They may consult and/or provide recommendations for animal acquisition, deaccession and disposition. They also review site Live Animal Collecting Plans. The Live Animal Collections Committee is comprised of one member from each site holding live animal collections and one member of the Museum Collections section. The Resource Management Division Director has charged site managers with the ongoing daily care and protection of live animals at their sites, including the manner in which animals are acquired, housed, transported, cared for, handled, exhibited, interpreted, used and disposed of, as well as planning for future needs of the Collections. Specific procedures for the appropriate care and management of these collections are set forth in the Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections Care and Management Manual, and are based on federal, state and county regulations and on professional organization and museum standards and guidelines. SECTION 3 - GENERAL PROGRAM MESSAGE The Fairfax County Park Authority holds and displays live animals for educational programs and temporary and permanent exhibits to enrich the visitor experience, to inspire an appreciation for the county’s fauna, and to develop responsibility and respect for the world we share. Display of live animals must enhance site, division and agency goals concerning pertinent interpretive messages. Such messages endeavor to foster public awareness, understanding, appreciation and stewardship of Fairfax County fauna and their habitats and of the role farm animals played historically in county agriculture. Educational goals include teaching the public about agricultural traditions and the natural world around them, dispelling myths and misconceptions related to animals, and striving to increase the current level of knowledge and understanding of certain species through observation and interpretation. The Fairfax County Park Authority live animals partner with staff to provide these learning opportunities. Live animals provide a unique opportunity to educate people about the natural world and about our agricultural past. Species that are often difficult to observe in their natural setting can be presented to the public through exhibits and programs. Exhibits and programs highlight living systems in the environment by focusing on adaptations and natural behaviors of living organisms. Similarly, farm animals convey an awareness and understanding of the central role animals played in our agricultural traditions and in people’s lives. In demonstrating their uses and how they were managed, farm animals support interpretation of historic agricultural practices, food production and economy, farm work and rural family and community life. To that end it is important to communicate the message that farm animals were not pets, but were bought and sold as part of the rhythm of farm life. The use of animals in settings allowing for close observation, including animal contact, can be positive and powerful. Animal and human welfare is considered at all times. Because the Fairfax County Park Authority teaches respect for animals in their natural settings, it needs to



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respect captive and farm animals at agency sites. All animals are presented in a dignified, respectful, humane and safe manner that neither threatens nor degrades them. To that end live animals are utilized only in appropriate uses and settings and for purposes for which they have been specifically bred. All are used solely for educational purposes. Every effort is made not to jeopardize any wild animal or the natural population from which it is drawn. Program staff is specifically trained, and in turn demonstrates to the public, how to properly handle or touch animals. SECTION 4 - SCOPE OF COLLECTIONS The Fairfax County Park Authority collects farm animals and captive, bred, rehabilitated and non-releasable wild animals for the Live Animal Collections that meet all of the following criteria:

They are consistent with the agency or site mission and site interpretive plan, providing a connection to wildlife or farm life through exhibition or educational programming.

Wild animals represent species native or naturalized to Fairfax County, farm animals are historically appropriate and represent breeds associated with agricultural traditions in Fairfax County.

The site has the resources to replace them with similar animals. They are not endangered species. Their overall health is good to excellent. They can withstand the stress of a captive environment. Their presence does not adversely impact the health, care, or maintenance of other

animals in the collection or of the animal being acquired. Their temperament is such that they may be safely handled by most trained staff

without additional highly specialized training. The site has the resources to meet the stewardship needs of the animal, which

includes housing and husbandry requirements, permit and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspection requirements, routine veterinary care, and disposition.

The site has the resources to maintain the educational value of the animal. The Fairfax County Park Authority will not collect beyond agency capacity to provide the resources to adequately care for Live Animal Collections. In collecting certain species, only the number needed for interpretive purposes will be collected. When possible, wild animals in the Live Animal Collections are obtained from local wildlife rehabilitators or governmental agencies that have deemed those specimens non-releasable due to physical or psychological disability (injury, habituated, imprinted, captive-born, etc.) or other reasons that prevent a successful wild life. In general, the Fairfax County Park Authority discourages the collection of threatened or rare species, but in special circumstances and in consultation with the Live Animal Collections Committee, consideration may be given to animals that are threatened or rare. The Fairfax County Park Authority does not collect:



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Uncontrollable species. Animals that bond to only one handler. Animals with deformities (exceptions may be made for special program messages). Animals typically considered as pets. Single animals of a species where mating or social behavior is such that holding only

one may constitute undue cruelty. Collecting Plans serve as a basis to plan for the rotation and future needs of the Live Animal Collection. They guide acquisitions of specific species and adhere to acquisition and disposition policies. Responsible management necessitates that selected animals be acquired and that others be removed from the collection at certain times. Farm animals categorized as resident stock are not kept beyond the end of their productive working lives and those categorized as consumable stock are disposed of regularly to prevent over-population, usually within one year or less. SECTION 5 - ACQUISITIONS Live animals may be acquired through donation, loan, purchase, natural species reproduction, intentional breeding, trade, capture or rescue. Animal transactions will occur only with reputable facilities, institutions and/or individuals. All transactions will be conducted in accordance with relevant local, state, federal and international laws, policies, permits, procedures and guidelines. Transactions will occur in an ethical manner befitting the museum and the animal. The Fairfax County Park Authority accepts animal acquisitions only from sources that are known to operate legally and conduct their business in a manner that follows Fairfax County Park Authority ethics for Live Animal Collections as defined herein. The Fairfax County Park Authority intent in maintaining Live Animal Collections is to minimize impact on natural populations. In acquiring live animals, to insure proper health standards, inventory and diversity, exhibition, and adherence to regulations, each animal or group of animals shall be evaluated individually in terms of its conformity to Scope of Collections criteria described above and the ability of the Fairfax County Park Authority to care for the animal in a manner consistent with professional standards. All contacts regarding acquisition of live animals must be forwarded to the site animal care supervisor. Animals owned or cared for by staff and visitors are not permitted inside Fairfax County Park Authority facilities where Collection animals are present, except for program use. Service animals are not considered pets and are the only other animals permitted inside Fairfax County Park Authority buildings. All acquisitions to the Live Animal Collection must be approved in advance by the site manager. Following approval, animals shall be accessioned promptly according to procedures stated in the Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections Care and Management Manual. SECTION 6 - LOANS Loans are temporary transfers of live animals to or from the Fairfax County Park Authority for stated purposes, such as exhibition, breeding, or research. All loan activities shall be conducted in a manner that ensures the welfare of individual animals. Conservation of populations, species, and ecosystems are carefully considered during acquisition and disposition activities.



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Transactions will occur in an ethical manner befitting the museum and the animal and comply with all permit requirements. All transactions will be conducted in accordance with relevant local, state, federal and international laws. Animal transactions will occur only with reputable facilities, institutions and/or individuals. Purchases of farm animals are made only from qualified breeders and breed association consignment sales. Loans of captive wild animals to the Fairfax County Park Authority will be obtained from well-respected captive collections. Veterinarian-approved husbandry protocols for hygiene and safety shall be followed in order to protect the health of staff, volunteers, public and animals in the Live Animal Collection. Live animals on loan to the Fairfax County Park Authority for program purposes shall be appropriate to the Scope of Collections criteria described above and to the ability of the Fairfax County Park Authority to care for the animal in a manner consistent with professional standards. Any and all restrictions and specific conditions accompanying a loan to or from the Fairfax County Park Authority shall be so stated on the appropriate Loan Agreement form. Transportation methods, costs, and any specific instructions for the animal’s care shall be specifically defined. An agreement detailing provision of medical care signed by the owner and instructions for disposition of the animal at the end of the loan period shall be stipulated in the loan agreement. All loans extended to or from the Fairfax County Park Authority shall be for stated and specific periods of time. The site animal care supervisor monitors all loans and specifies conditions for their exhibition, interpretive use, protection and care. The loan of any animal from the Fairfax County Park Authority, or transfer of an animal from one site to another, requires permission from the site manager. Loans of live animals from the Fairfax County Park Authority are made only for educational, interpretive, breeding, or research purposes. Loans of live animals are made only to individuals or organizations having the appropriate expertise and facilities to care for them and the protection required during transport, exhibition and through all phases of the loan period. Animals may not be loaned from the Fairfax County Park Authority if their absence will adversely affect programming. The Fairfax County Park Authority reserves the right to recall the animal at any time. The condition of and ability of the recipient to provide proper care for any animal loaned to other institutions will be assessed at least annually. If the conditions and care of the animal are in violation of the loan agreement, the animal will be recalled. SECTION 7 - CARE Standards – The Fairfax County Park Authority assumes responsibility for the housing, husbandry, and protection of the farm animals and wildlife in its stewardship. All live animals will be cared for and maintained in a manner that will insure their health and well-being. Collections practices and procedures follow professional standards and meet or exceed the requirements established by NWRA, the USDA, the National Association of State Public Veterinarians (NASPHV) and/or the AAM, as appropriate. Regardless of historical authenticity, the safety of staff, visitors and



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the animals shall not be sacrificed, and all necessary modern-day health care and husbandry practices, animal-handling equipment, storage and handling of feeds and animal waste, shelters, and fencing will be utilized. Responsible Persons – A designated animal care supervisor with appropriate Resource Management Division certification will oversee stewardship of all animals on site, all activities involving Collection animals, and training of all other staff involved in the care, handling, and interpretation of the site live animal collections. The site animal care supervisor shall monitor the husbandry, protection, housing, exhibition, program use and research of Live Animal Collections so as to insure that the methods of their housing and husbandry, protection, and disposition are in accordance with professional standards. All sites shall maintain a network of professional animal advisors and a licensed veterinarian on call in case of emergencies. Professional advisors may be veterinarians and staff or members as appropriate from the USDA, NASPHV, NWRA, or Virginia Cooperative Extension. Care – Recognizing that all live animals require constant care or husbandry, the Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections Care and Management Manual specifies protocols for routine health care and emergency veterinary procedures, quarantine, husbandry, nutrition, water, housing and pasture, cleaning of housing and management of animal waste, protection, protection from disease, handling and program use, and all other aspects of care for each species under Fairfax County Park Authority stewardship. All animals in the Live Animal Collections receive individual attention and care from staff with regard to these requirements. Upon arrival at any site all animals will undergo a quarantine period before being placed in the same living areas as current Live Animal Collection animals. Health care shall include daily inspections by staff, routine vaccinations and health testing, veterinary inspections, immediate treatment of illness and injury, and quarantine when appropriate. All sites housing Live Animal Collections will have established written emergency protocols for each animal. All paid site staff shall receive training in these procedures as part of their initial site orientation. While it is understood that all animals may occasionally become sick or injured, they shall be promptly treated and examined by a veterinarian as appropriate. Staff with consultation from the appropriate advisors shall determine the method of treatment or disposition that best benefits the animal, is humane, and is in keeping with the Code of Ethics described herein. Treatment shall be undertaken only by licensed veterinarians or trained staff, and treatment records shall be kept for each animal. Training – To ensure that animals receive professional care and handling, all staff involved in the care of live animals shall receive basic and continuing education and training in animal care and handling. All staff who handle and care for live animal collections shall receive training specific to each species of animal on site, including policies and procedures, basic care and first aid, handling procedures, feeding and grooming, restraint techniques, physiology, record keeping,



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emergency procedures, visitor, staff and livestock safety, and use and care of appropriate handling equipment. Any staff member handling an animal shall earn the appropriate level of Resource Management Division certification prior to handling the animal without supervision. Routine re-certification/training updates shall be mandatory for all animal handlers. Training in animal care and handling shall comprise three levels: exposure (the person has witnessed a procedure but has never done it themselves), competence (the person can complete a procedure under supervision) and proficiency (the person can complete a task and perform it in front of the public on a regular basis). Usage – Each animal or group of animals shall have a usage protocol specific to that animal, and shall be handled only by trained staff in accordance with that protocol. Only healthy animals able to tolerate the stress of visitor traffic and easy to maintain shall be exhibited or used in demonstrations. Animals having a potential to become stressed shall be housed away from public view and sick or injured animals shall be isolated and receive appropriate care. At all times, animal health will take precedence over revenue production potential. Transfer – Animals may be transferred from one location to another for the purposes of acquisition, veterinary treatment, off-site programs, or disposition. The site animal care supervisor will determine the method of transportation, determine the animals are able to withstand the ordinary strains of handling and transportation, ensure the animals are adequately secured and housed during transportation, provide any special husbandry needs, and arrange for any necessary veterinary treatment or approval. SECTION 8 - RECORDS Accession records shall be maintained and kept current for each animal or group of animals and must contain the acquisition date, type of acquisition, source, common and scientific names, breed, age, sex, origin, value, and any other pertinent data needed to meet permit requirements and standard record-keeping purposes. Where appropriate, vaccination records, health certificates, medical records, and registration papers for the animal shall be part of the accession record. Each animal or group of animals in the Live Animal Collections and all records pertaining to that animal or group shall be given its own unique accession number. A permanent record of accessions with their documentation, including all legal instruments, agreements, conveyances, research and descriptive catalog records pertaining to each acquisition or in the Live Animal Collection shall be maintained by the site animal care supervisor. These records shall be kept according to professional museum standards and updated regularly through annual inventory, research and other appropriate means to provide a record of the current status of each animal in the Collection. Duplicate records will be kept at a separate, secure location. The Resource Management Division Site Operations Branch Manager oversees permits for all wild animals held in the Live Animal Collections throughout the Fairfax County Park Authority.



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All records pertaining to permitted wildlife species are maintained by the site manager and the relevant site animal care supervisor. All appropriate licenses, permits and records pertaining to farm animals are maintained by the site animal care supervisor. All appropriate husbandry actions will be recorded and records kept for periodic review to insure the quality of humane care provided and for review by the permitting agencies and county animal control. SECTION 9 - ACCESS Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections are accessible to the public through exhibits and programs. All animals shall be secured in enclosures that ensure both their protection and safety of staff and public. Recognizing that contact with animals poses certain risks to staff and to the public, procedures to minimize the possibility of disease transfer and to ensure staff and visitor safety are specified in the Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections Care and Management Manual. Even when their normal behavior may not pose a risk, certain animals (such as venomous snakes or rabies vector animals) that present public safety concerns may dictate special caging.

SECTION 10 - DEACCESSION The site manager, in consultation with other appropriate staff and/or advisors, may deaccession an animal if one or more of the following criteria are met:

The animal is not relevant or useful to the stated purposes of the Fairfax County Park

Authority or is outside the Scope of Collections or site mission. The animal’s health has deteriorated beyond exhibit or program usefulness or

practicable treatment. The animal has been found (after behavioral, environmental, and veterinary

intervention) to have physical ailments that jeopardize its quality of life. The animal is found to be behaviorally incompatible. There is concern for the animal’s health. The animal has died. The animal duplicates others in the collection. The animal is ready for reintroduction to the wild. The Fairfax County Park Authority lacks the resources to care for the animal properly. The animal compromises the Authority’s commitment to protect and preserve wildlife

resources or to discourage illicit trade in such animals. Overpopulation threatens consumable stock. Traditional agricultural economic practices are best served. Resident stock has reached the end of its productive working life, has a chronic health

condition, can be replaced by a more appropriate animal, or faces overpopulation.

The procedure for deaccessioning is as follows: Prior to any method of disposition, animals on loan are formally returned to the lender either via a Loan Return Form or a written report from the site manager stating their return status, the date



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of return, and the proposed method of disposition. When any animal on loan (after behavioral, environmental and veterinary intervention) is found to have behavioral or physical ailments that make its quality of life questionable, the owner of the animal will be consulted and the animal either returned to the owner or humanely euthanized at the direction of the owner, in writing and dated and signed by the owner. When an animal meets one or more criteria for deaccessioning, the site manager may deaccession the animal by completing a Live Animal Collection Deaccession Form, recording the reason/s for deaccession, date of deaccession, and method of disposal. Where appropriate, the permitting agency will be notified. Where deaccessioning or disposal presents a sensitive issue for the public, an ethical issue, or an unusual medical situation, the Live Animal Collections Committee shall be convened and animal advisors consulted. A decision regarding deaccession and the nature of disposition shall be made by the site manager and the reason/s for deaccession, date of deaccession, and method of disposal recorded on a Live Animal Collection Deaccession Form. Upon deaccessioning and disposal, all records pertaining to the animal are placed in a special file for deaccessioned animals. Records concerning deaccessioned animals will be retained for a period of five years, after which they may be destroyed. SECTION 11- DISPOSITION Disposition occurs when an animal leaves Fairfax County Park Authority custody permanently for any reason. Disposal of Live Animal Collections must be done humanely and ethically and meet the requirements of all applicable local, state, federal and international regulations and laws. Decisions regarding the disposition of any deaccessioned animal may be made in consultation with the Live Animal Collections Committee. Every effort will be made to assure that all animals under Fairfax County Park Authority stewardship are disposed of in a manner that meets current disposition standards of the field and is such that they do not find their way into the hands of those not qualified to care for them properly. All inquiries regarding disposition, public or otherwise, will be directed to the site manager or designated spokesperson. Approved methods of disposition are as follows: Loan Return - Where the owner of an animal on loan to the Fairfax County Park Authority has authorized the agency to determine the method of disposition that best benefits the animal, is humane, and is in keeping with the site mission, disposition methods may include sale, transfer or euthanasia. The offspring of any farm animals are recognized as belonging to the owner, unless otherwise stipulated in writing by the owner. Reintroduction to the Wild – An animal that is ready to be reintroduced to the wild and is no longer appropriate for exhibition



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purposes may be released according to established wild life rehabilitation procedures and permit regulations and best practices as recognized by appropriate state or national organizations. Transfer to Other Institution – Institutions that are open to the public must balance public display, recreation and entertainment with demonstrated efforts in conservation, education and science. In dispositions to other institutions, the recipient must have the expertise, record management capabilities, financial stability and facilities required to properly care for and maintain the animals. The Fairfax County Park Authority will retain written documentation regarding such transfers in its records. Living animals may be transferred to institutions licensed under the USDA regulations for non-terminal scientific study. The receiving institution must provide the Fairfax County Park Authority with a written summary of the animal's role in the study. Animals will not be provided for stressful biomedical research. Only studies such as nutrition or behavior that directly benefit the individual and species will be considered. Transfer to a Private Animal Caretaker – If an ailment is behavioral or environmental and a suitable owner can be found that has a high probability of providing a behavioral or environmental solution, the animal will be transferred to this owner. The Fairfax County Park Authority will only transfer animals to facilities that have the appropriate expertise and resources to care for and ensure the welfare of the animal for the rest of its life. If an ailment prevents an animal from working in programming or exhibition and the animal is not suffering, the Fairfax County Park Authority may retire the animal to an off-site facility owned or managed by the Fairfax County Park Authority or transfer the animal to an owner that can provide proper care. Sale – Disposition of farm animals through sale is consistent with routine farm practices. Sale of farm animals may only be made to reputable individuals, vendors or auction companies. Funds from the sale of farm animals support current and replacement animals. Wildlife animals will not be sold to any organization or individual that might sell the animal at auction. Recipients must ensure in writing that such animals will not be disposed of at a wild animal auction or to an individual or organization that allows experimentation or hunting of the animal. Humane Euthanasia – If a veterinarian and staff determine that an ailment is not practicably treatable and if the animal is suffering, the animal will be humanely euthanized by a licensed veterinarian according to state procedures, consistent with acceptable practices, and subject to all relevant laws and regulations. The following factors should be considered in decisions to treat or euthanize a sick or injured animal and recorded in writing:



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Program value. Age of animal. Known personality (easy to use). Retention of authenticity as a wild animal post-treatment. Whether condition could infect other animals in the Collection. Reasonable recovery rate.

If an animal dies while under stewardship of the Fairfax County Park Authority, its’ remains shall be disposed of in a manner that is dignified and humane. Disposal of dead animals must meet the requirements of all applicable local, state and federal laws and health department regulations. Where it is appropriate, maximum use should be made of the remains, which may include use in educational programs or exhibits at the Fairfax County Park Authority or another institution. The Fairfax County Park Authority recognizes the sensitive nature of the disposition of some individual remains and will consider this when determining final disposition. All accessions of remains to Fairfax County Park Authority will be made in consultation with the Live Animal Collections Committee. Records of all dispositions, including animal body parts, shall be retained whenever possible. If a necropsy is necessary, the remains must be refrigerated, except when specified by the veterinarian. SECTION 12 - ETHICS AND LIVE ANIMAL COLLECTIONS The Fairfax County Park Authority subscribes to the “Code of Ethics for Museums” adopted by the American Association of Museums November 12, 1993. The distinctive character of museum ethics derives from the custody, care and use of living collections representing the world’s wildlife common wealth. This stewardship of collections entails the highest public trust and carries with it the presumption of care, documentation, accessibility and responsible disposal. Thus, the Fairfax County Park Authority ensures:

Collections in its custody support its mission and public trust responsibilities. Collections in its custody are protected, secure and cared for. Collections in its custody are accounted for and documented. Access to the collections and related information is permitted and regulated. Acquisition, deaccession, disposal and loan activities are conducted in a manner that

respects the protection and preservation of wildlife resources and discourages illicit trade in such materials.

Acquisition, deaccession, disposal and loan activities conform to its mission and public trust responsibilities.

Disposal of collections through sale, trade or research activities is solely for the advancement of the Fairfax County Park Authority mission.

Collections-related activities promote the public good rather than individual financial gain.

The Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections Policy and attendant Guiding Principles for the Care and Management of Live Animal Collections are available to the public. Access to the Fairfax County Park Authority Live Animal Collections Care and Management



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Manual and specific animal records is monitored by and available through the site manager. These guiding principles shall be reviewed and revised every five years or more often as circumstances warrant. __________________ Adopted October 8, 2008

12055 Government Center Parkway Fairfax, VA 22035-1118 Phone 703/324-8700


Harold L. Strickland, Chairman Timothy K. White, Acting Director March 2008