Family Equisetaceae

By : Geonyzl L. Alviola

9/12/2015

Topic outline

I. ClassificationII. FamilyIII. GenusIV. Representative species

I. Classification

By A. J. Eames (1936)

Tracheophyta

Group: Sphenopsida Equisetales

By Oswald Tippo (1942)

Sub-kingdom Embryophyta

Phylum Tracheophyta

Subphyllum Sphenopsida

Class Equisetineae

Equisetales

By G.M. Smith (1955)

Division Calamophyta

Class Equisetonae

Equisetales

By W. Wardlaw (1955)

Division : Tracheophyta

Sub-division: Sphenopsida

Class : Equisetineae

Order: Equisetales

By K. R. Spore (1962 later revised in 1975)

- using Reimer’s classification. Spore divided the division Pteridophyta into 6 classes – Psilopsida, Psilotopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, Pteropsida and Progymnospermopsida.

Division: Pteridophyta Class: Sphenopsida Order: Equisetales Family: Equisetaceae

By Stewart and Rothwell (1993)

- Divided the kingdom into two divisions: Division Tracheophyta and Division Angiospermophytina.

Kingdom IV: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta (vascular plants) Class: Sphenopsida Order: Equisetales

By Taylor and Taylor (1993) –

Classified Pteridophytes into six broad headings namely:

Early vascular plants, lycopods, sphenophytes,

early fern like plants, true fern, and

progymnosperms on the basis of geological

occurrence and evolutionary aspects.

Kingdom: Plantae Division 16: Sphenophyta Order 3: Equisetales

By Taylor and Taylor (1993) –

Family Equisetaceae

- Perennial plants, homosporous, small to large, terrestrial, aquatic or in shallow water. (Libing & Turland, 2013; Bhattacharya, et al. 2011b; Steenis & Pertanian, 1963).

- It has a hollowed stem with nodes and internodes. The lower internode is often blackish brown with silica turbecles on epidermis (Libing and Turland, 2013; Bold et al., 1987).

Leaves are reduced or small, scalelike and arranged in whorl (Libing & Turland, 2013Steenis & Pertanian, 1963).

Sporangiophore :

peltate, scalelike,

forming terminal strobili,

Strobili are conelike

Spores are homosporous, globose,

(Libing and Turland, 2013; Bold et al., 1987).

Genera Equisetum

Stomata are scattered in the furrows of the stem.

Leaves are blunt.

Strobili borne on chlorophyllous stems and not pointed.

Comparison of Equisetum species (3 representatives)

Based on Strobilus Species Shape Measurement Apex

E. hyemale ovate 1.0 – 6 cm Length0.4 – 0.7 cm

diameter

With small acute tip and sessile

E. ramosissimum

Shortly clavate

or ellipsoid

1-2.5 cm Length0.4 – 0.7 cm

diameter

With small acute tip and sessile

E. arvense terete 1.8 – 4 cm length0.9 – 1 cm diameter

Blunt, stalked prolonged

Based on Aerial StemSpecies Form Measur

ementMatrue

Main StemNo. of

sheath teeth and shape

No. of Ridge

E. hyemale monomorphic 18-50 cm tall1-4 mm diameter

Unbrached or rarely branched

16-22 teethLight brownlanceolate

16- 22 ridge

E. ramosissimum

monomorphic 60 cm tall3-7 mm diameter

branched Lateral stem:6-10 teethLanceolateLight brownMain stem:10 – 20 Narrowly deltoidLight brown

10-20 ridges

E. arvense dimorphic 5-35 cm tall3-5 mm diameter

branched Fertile stem:9 – 12 teethNarrowly deltoidcastaneousSterile Stem:5-6 teethDeltoidBlackish brown

inconspicuous

Diagram

Strobili of E. arvense.(Herbal

Strobili of E. ramosissimum (Martin, 2011)

Strobili of E. hyemale

Stem of E. arvense (Sorvy and Johnson, 1859)

Stem of E. ramosissimum (photo by Enzo de Santis)

References:

Bhattacharya, K., Hait, G. and Ghosh, A. K. (2011). A Textbook of Botany. Vol 1.p. 600-603.

Steenis, C. G. G. J., & Pertanian, I. D. (1963).  Flora malesiana. Erven P. Noordhoff.

Bold, H. C., Alexopoulos, C. J., & Delevoryas, T. (1987).  Morphology of plants and fungi. Harper and Row.

Britton, N. L., & Brown, A. (1913).  An Illustrated Flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian  (Vol. 1). C. Scribner's sons.

Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2004 onwards. The  Equisetum  species (horsetails) of the British Isles. Version: 7th March 2015.  http://delta-intkey.com/