fao open data nigeria

Open Data

Toks Fayomi

FAO Open Data Meeting

January 29th, 2015This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike v4.0 License

Topics

• Open Data Defined

• Open Data Benefits

• Global and National Case Studies

• Open Data in Agriculture

• Government’s Role

Open Data Defined

Open Data Defined

• Open Definition

• Open Data Format

Outline

Open Data Defined

“Knowledge is open if anyone is free to access, use, modify,

and share it — subject, at most, to measures that preserve

provenance and openness”

Open Definition

Open Data Defined

“Open data is data that can be freely used, re-used and

redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the

requirement to attribute and sharealike.”

Open Data Definition

Open Data Defined

• Availability and Access: the data must be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably by downloading over the internet. The data must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form.

• Re-use and Redistribution: the data must be provided under terms that permit re-use and re-distribution including the intermixing with other datasets.

• Universal Participation: everyone must be able to use, re-use and re-distribute - there should be no discrimination against fields of endeavor or against persons or groups.

Open Definition

Open Data Defined

• Open format

– Platform independent and machine-readable

– Most common open formats: CSV, ODS, ODT, TXT

• Machine-readable

– Data, both in its format (CSV) and its structure, can be read by a computer without human aid

– Data is clearly structured in a logical way

• Open license

– grants permission to access, re-use and re-distribute a work with few or no restrictions

Open Data

Open Format

Open Data Defined

Machine-Readable

Open Data Defined

Open License

Open Data Defined

Open License

Open Data Defined

Open licenses enable creators to allow more freedom in what others can

do with their works. Benefits of this freedom include:

• allowing others to circulate the work freely - potentially giving it a

greater circulation than if a single group or individual retained an

exclusive right to distribute;

• not forcing users to apply for permission every time they wish to

circulate a copy of the work in question - which can be a time

consuming affair, especially if the work has many authors;

• encouraging others to continuously improve and add value to a work;

• encouraging others to create new works based on or derived from the

original work - e.g. translations, adaptations, or works with a different

scope or focus.

NOT OPEN DATA

Open Data Defined

Benefits of Open Data


• Promotes better Governance

• Supports Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Outline


Better Governance, Better Citizens

• Transparency and democratic control

• Participation/Engagement

• Sense of responsibility

• Self-empowerment

• Collaboration


Better Governance, Better Citizens (2)

• Improved efficiency of government services

• Improves efficiencies in sharing data across government

and with public

• Proactive automated publishing rather than manual

retrospective approach

• Improves data quality through enabling verifiable public

contributions

Benefits of Open DataInnovative Companies,

Empowered Customers

• Supports decision making

• Spurs innovative business models, products, and

services

• Improves on products and services

• Customers are informed – price/product

transparency

Global Case Studies

Outline

• Findmyschool.co.ke

• Climate.com

• Ordanancesurvey.co.uk

• Canada’s Agriculture Data Portal

Global Case Studies

Findmyschool.co.ke

Global Case Studies

Global Case Studies

Findmyschool.co.ke

Climate.com

Global Case Studies

• 60 years of detailed crop yield data

• Weather observations from one million locations in the

United States

• 14 terabytes of soil quality data - all free from the US

Government

• Provide applications that help farmers improve their profits

by making better informed operating and financing

decisions

• Key product is “Total Weather Insurance”, an insurance

offering that pays farmers automatically and without proof

of loss for bad weather that may impact their profits.

Climate.com

Global Case Studies

Ordanancesurvey.co.uk

Global Case Studies

Ordanancesurvey.co.uk

Global Case Studies

“The data from the Ordnance Survey,

the UK’s National Mapping Agency,

underpins around £100 billion a year

of economic activity for a production

cost of around £100 million a year”

Canada’s Agriculture Data Portal

Global Case Studies

Nigerian Case Studies

Outline

• Open Data in Nigeria

• BudgIT

• Edo State Open Data Portal

• Nigeria’s MDG Information System

• National Bureau of Statistics

• AMIS


Open Data in Nigeria

• Launch of the Open Data Initiative, January 2014

• Goals of the Open Data Initiative are :

– to increase cooperation between Ministries, Departments, and Agencies and improve citizen engagement,

– strengthen the Nigerian innovation ecosystem to create jobs and attract foreign investment

• Specific activities of the Open Data Initiative are:

– to create a government-provided open data portal

– to release an Open Data Action plan


Open Data in Nigeria

• An Open Government readiness assessment and action plan, including a vision statement, country commitments and key recommendations;

• A roadmap for creation of innovation ecosystem by leveraging open data;

• A technology roadmap, which includes recommendations for establishing cloud-based government infrastructure, mobile service delivery platform, a proposed list of initial pilot services, a scale-up implementation plan and changes to the existing regulatory environment; and

• Investment cost estimates for technology, capacity building and change management activities.


BudgIT


Edo State Open Data Portal


Edo State Open Data Portal

• Critical success factors: – Identify and engage stakeholders, determine readiness and

what data should be released.

– Establish Open Data Team: start with a digitization team that works with MDAs to capture analog data and digitize them into machine readable formats

– Create new positions: institutionalized with the appointment of Open Data Managers (administrative and technical) through a competitive process

– Focal Persons for MDAs: This established continual communication process between the Open Data Team and MDAs

– Portal Design and Development: Partnered with the OKF


MDG Information System

Local Case Studies

• Using data to achieve the Millennium

Development Goals

• Data points, marked on a map of the country,

provide information from the number of full

time teachers in a school to whether a water

point is working to whether a health center

provides family planning services.


Local Case Studies

National Bureau of Statistics


Agricultural Market Info. Systems


Open Data in Agriculture

Use of OD in Agriculture

• Supports decision making in agricultural domain

• Increases productivity

• Reduces risks

• Improve nutrition and food security


Types of Data

• Maps with irrigation info

• Maps with land use

• World statistics about the prices

• Data about the availability of agricultural

equipment

• Info about imports


Use of OD in Agriculture

The use and wide dissemination of these data

sets is strongly advocated by a number of global

and national policy makers such as:

– Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN

– The New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition

G-8 initiative

– DEFRA & DFID in UK

– USDA & USAID in the US


OD in Agriculture


How Open Data can

be harnessed to help

meet the challenge of

sustainably feeding

nine billion people by

2050

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

– Supports Capacity Development pillar of AMIS

aims to increase the availability and quality of the market

information produced and used by AMIS countries, with a

particular focus on statistical national capacities.


Government’s Role in Open Data

Government

Government’s Role

• Support the whole value chain of the use of

data through four distinct though interlinked

roles:

Supplier - Leader - Catalyst - User

Government

Government’s Role

• SupplierGovernments need to release the data they hold which is needed for economic growth and business innovation, to do so publicly and regularly, and to steadily improve quality and access.

• LeaderNeed to provide both policies and active leadership and encouragement to other institutions to release data important to economic growth and business innovation. This includes public institutions at regional and city level, state owned enterprises, and private sector companies providing important public services.

Government

Government’s Role

• Catalyst Government should serve as catalysts for the use of open data by nurturing a thriving ecosystem of data users, coders, and application developers and incubating new, data-driven businesses.

• User Promote the use of public data within public institutions at national, regional and city level. This will also mean investment in skills and tools.

Governments should be leading, and proactive customers for innovative private sector products and services using open data, including advanced analytic services to improve internal decision making and to help create new services. In addition, using one’s own data can give greater understanding of how the data could be made more usable and useful.

Government as a Supplier

Government’s Role

• Release data which businesses and others request and needGovernment’s future programs of data release need to be driven not only by the knowledge of the officials of different ministries on what could be released but also by a public system by which businesses (and others) can request, discuss and prioritize the data that they want. Making this work effectively requires three supporting steps.

1. Government institutions need to make details of their overall data holdings publicly visible.

2. When data is requested, businesses must get a quick answer.

3. Because of the importance to the wider economy, individual ministries should not be permitted to refuse data without a wider and fast review by the government as a whole of the overall arguments for and against data release.


Government’s Role

• Prioritize the release of “core reference data”

Examples: maps, address databases, demographic data

from the Census, data about roads and other transport

links, official data about registered companies and

other businesses and data about public procurement.


Government’s Role

• Ensure that data can be found

A challenge for potential users to find the data that

they need within the structures of government. In

addition to division into separate ministries at national

level, data also resides at regional and municipal levels.

A national Open Data portal can help address this

issue if it has a collection of the richer metadata on

each dataset needed to assist locatability.


Government’s Role

• Ensure continuity of supply of data

It will also be important to ensure that ministries do

not unilaterally withdraw data which has previously

been published without adequate consultation and

notice.


Government’s Role

• Release fine-grained and disaggregated data

because it can be used in the context of individual

business transactions or it can be analyzed in different,

innovative, ways using big data analytics and other

techniques. So it is important to ensure that the right

level of detailed data is released. Each public

institution should have a concrete plan for releasing

specific datasets in a more disaggregated form.

Government as a Leader

Government’s Role

• Actively participate and promote the use of

open data

Individual ministries should not only give leadership to

other data suppliers in their sector; they should also be

seen to give leadership to the uses of data in their

sector too. Individual ministries should be given a

target to promote the use of Open Data both from

the ministry itself and from other data suppliers within

the Sector.

Government as a Leader

Government’s Role

• Extend the release of data beyond government

ministries

Some of the most valuable and sought-after data may

not be owned by a government’s ministries themselves,

but by state owned enterprises, private operators of

public services, academic institutions or by publicly-

funded researchers.

Government as a Catalyst

Government’s Role

• Ensure that Open Data portals are more

collaborative and demand driven

Leading governments in Open Data are not only

focused on sustaining a supply of high-value data.

They are actively encouraging and enabling businesses

and citizens to help lead the evolution of their Open

Data portal(s)


Government’s Role

• Ensure that government data is properly

explained, and that issues can be raised with the

relevant expert officials

Even with good metadata a government dataset can be

hard to understand and to use. Developer-activists may

be prepared to gain understanding by trial and error

over a period of time out of personal interest, but

potential business users may be more easily

discouraged.


Government’s Role

• Reach out not just to developers but to innovators and entrepreneurs in specific sectors

It is important for governments to see the use of Open Data as an issue of business innovation of all types, and not solely or primarily an issue for the ICT sector. Software developers or ICT service companies are not the sole - or even necessarily the best - source of ideas. The most successful drivers will come from a business problem which the innovator seeks to address.


Government’s Role

• Actively support and incubate innovation using Open Data and create institutional structures to do that on a sustainable basis For instance the UK have created an Open Data Institute to “convene world-class experts to collaborate, incubate, nurture and mentor new ideas, and promote innovation.” Governments should therefore consider how they could establish similar “centres of excellence” for Open Data to engage and bring together both the data suppliers from within public institutions and the data users in the private sector. Such a centre could specifically provide incubation facilities for startup businesses in Open Data and have a role to promote national expertise and capability in Open Data and to assist local businesses in competing globally in the supply of data-rich services.

Government as a User

Government’s Role

• Develop Open Data skills within the government

institutions, regions and municipalities

The re-use of Open Data has opportunities for the

efficient and collaborative operations of government itself.

Other jurisdictions have found that once data is freely

available as Open Data there is a surprising and

serendipitous reuse of data within government itself.

However, fully exploiting this potential requires the

development of “Open Data skills” among the relevant

officials.

Government as a User

Government’s Role

• Ensure that the Government is using data

services and products from the private sector

Governments should be leading, and proactive,

customers for innovative private sector products and

services using open data, including advanced analytic

services to improve internal decision making and to

help create new services. This public procurement

demand will help stimulate early investment.

Government’s role summarized• Make existing data available to public

• Release data that businesses see value in

leveraging

• Document data – review data standards,

technologies and best practice for data sharing

and documentation (includes metadata)

• Data maintenance - consistently collect, update

and report data under the same format

• Iterate and Improve - engage with end users

Government’s Role

In summary…

• Open Data: free to use, re-use, and re-distribute

• Open Data Benefits: promotes better governance and

spurs innovation

• Global and National Case Studies: many cases that can

we can learn from and possibly replicate

• Open Data in Agriculture: better decision making,

better and more sustainable food production

• Government’s Role: Provide data, develop and

implement policies, encourage innovation

Q&A/Discussion

Thank you

Toks [email protected]

FAO Open Data Meeting January 29th, 2015

fao open data nigeria

Technology

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national case studiesopen

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