fasba‘s straw building activities esbg...

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21.08.2015

FASBA‘s straw building activities

ESBG 2015

Dipl.- Ing. Architekt Dirk Scharmer, In de Masch 6, 21394 Südergellersen, www.architekt-scharmer.de

FASBA

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21.08.2015

DIRK SCHARMER

straw architect since 1999

office near Hamburg (North Germany)

member of Board of FASBA

designed some single- and multifamily straw houses

and the 5-story building in Verden with others

coordinated of 3 straw building R&D projects

developed the current German general approval Z-23.11-1595 (straw insulation)

wrote the german straw building guidelines SBR-2014 with others

certified straw as a building material

Calculates ecological building assessments (LCA)

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OUR PRESENTATIONS

Mother natures circle of birth and

destruction: how straw withstands

microbial decomposition

Legalize it!

German guidelines for good straw

building (SBR-2014)

The good reason to build with:

Life cycle assessment (LCA)

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BUT FIRST SOME OTHER

INFORMATION'S

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FASBA‘S CHRONOLOGY I

1998-2002: first Straw building activities (single family,

huts, experimental, owner built)

2002: FASBA is born

2003: ‚professional‘ building with straw (3-storey,

companies, first tests and approvals)

2005: successful conducted straw R&D project

2006: ‚General Building Approval‘ (AbZ) for straw as an

insulation material

2009: successful conducted 2nd straw R&D project

2010: start of 3rd R&D project: 5-storeys

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CHRONOLOGY II

2011: start project: Developing an acknowledged straw

building apprenticeship

2012: Start of project: „Straw building 2012-13“ (SBR-

2014 new AbZ)

2013: ~300 straw buildings

2013: 5 storeys with straw, directly plastered

2014 new, extended general approval Z-23.11-1595

2014 Straw building guidelines published (SBR-2104)

2015 new fire resistance certificate up to REI90

2015 EPD for building bales

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2014

Christian Schmidt,

German Minister

for agriculture

Straw as a

building

material is our

new star!

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IT LASTS A

HUNDRED YEARS

AND MORE

Nebraska, built in 1913

Still golden after

100 yaers

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… with lime plaster

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BIOHYGROTHERMAL PERFORMANCE

OF STRAW BUILDING ELEMENTS

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HAMBURG VERS. NEBRASKA

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WITHSTAND AGAINST THAT

EVIL MOULD!

…microbial decomposition is

one wonderful and necessary

part of mother nature circle of

birth and destruction…

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THERE IS NO MOULD IN STRAW

Ha, ha

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(BIO-) HYGROTHERMAL BEHAVIOUR

OF STRAW

After keeping in wet & warm climate: microscopical view

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MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS G

uh

reit

zen

1(2

004)

Gu

hre

itze

n2

(2004)

Krö

ger1

(2004)

Krö

ger2

(2004)

Sch

ier1

(2004)

Sch

ier2

(2004)

Clu

b99

1(2

004)

Clu

b99

2(2

004)

Str

oh

po

lis

1(2

004)

Str

oh

po

lis

2(2

004)

Str

oh

po

lis

3(2

008)

IBP

ffri

sch

es

Str

oh

(2006)

IBP

fris

ch v

erp

utz

t(2

006)

IBP

Kalk

un

ten

(2008)

IBP

Kalk

ob

en

(2008)

IBP

Leh

m u

nte

n(2

008)

IBP

Leh

m o

ben

(2008)0

5.000.000

10.000.000

15.000.000

20.000.000

25.000.000

30.000.000

251.660 570.000 225.200 348.600

8.333.200

1.632.000404.520

1.274.000

9.586.400

1.144.0001.700.000970.000

12.000.000

28.000.000

13.000.000

8.800.000

2.600.000

KBE Pilze/ g Trockenmaterialof extracted straw samples CFU/ g dry material, for comparison: up to

900.000 CFU/g can be normal for house dust, without active mold sources

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OK, OK THERE COULD BE MOULD IN

STRAW

No problem, no problem, this is

healthy, you just have to drain the

wall and everything will be fine.

Ha, ha

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THE PACT WITH THE DEVIL

To build everlasting, healthy

buildings out of straw we’ve to

make a pact with those little

fellows: you’ll get the straw in …

let’s say … hundred years or so,

ok?

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BUT SERIOUSLY

Avoiding mould and

microbial decomposition in

order to ensure a long life of

the structure and healthiness

for the habitants

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AND THAT MEANS

We’ve to minimize moisture

from outside and handle

moisture from inside

considering temperature

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STRAW IS STRAW IS STRAW IS STRAW

Straw is constant:

coverings can be varied

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WHAT CAN WE DO?

Exterior covering rainproof and

diffusion-open

Interior covering: strictly air tight

In some cases additional insulation

might help

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WHAT ELSE?

In some cases additional exterior

insulation might help

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HOW DO WE KNOW?

In some cases additional exterior

insulation might help

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GOT IT DONE

We examined reality.

We monitored buildings.

We calculated the risk.

Now we know.

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21.08.2015

GOT IT DONE

We examined reality.

We monitored buildings.

We calculated the risk.

Now we know.

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HYGROTHERMAL LOADS

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NACHWEIS SCHIMMELFREIHEIT

Grundlage der Zulassung

Temperatur und Feuchte gemessen oder

simuliert

Schimmelempfindlichkeit von Stroh festgestellt

Berechnung des Schimmelrisikos

Zusätzlich: Mikrobiologische Analyse der

ausgebauten Strohproben

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DATA LOGGER IN WALLS

Messstelle Nord

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21.08.20152005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 a

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aussen Aussen-Ballen Innen

5cm tief im Stroh

NORTH WALL 2005-10

exterior climate 5cm deep in straw inside

°C

% relative

Humidity

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WUFI-BIO

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MEASURED CLIMATE IN NORTH WALL WITH CLAY PLASTER WUFI-BIO

(Substrat category I)

Source: Monitored data of

STROHPOLIS north wall in

the straw bale (5cm deep

from outside)

time [h] (8760/anno)

Myce

lium

gro

wth

[m

m]

Critical moisture content moisture content sporeM

ois

ture

co

nte

nt

[kg

/m³]

40.00030.00020.00010.0000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

40.00030.00020.00010.0000

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

theoretical

mycelium growth

up to 350mm

moisture content of model spore

© D

irk S

charm

er

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HAMBURG VERS. NEBRASKA

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FOR COMPARISON: WUFI-BIO

OUTDOOR CLIMATE

Time [h]

25.00020.00015.00010.0005.0000

Gro

wth

[m

m]

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Critical w ater content Water Content spore

Time [h]

25.00020.00015.00010.0005.0000

Wate

r C

onte

nt [k

g/m

³]

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

Calculated water moisture content of

a modell sporeCalculated mycelium growth

North Germany. Substrate class I

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INITIAL IDEA: EARTH-STRAW-

EARTH- NOTHING ELSE

Layers: 30mm earth, 360mm straw, 30mm earth

Theoretical mycelium growth

- calculated moisture content of model spore

- critical moisture content of model spore

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WALL: FORMER Z-23.11-1595 (2006-2014)

Ventilated rain screen, additional exterior insulation

für wooden soft fibre 20mm (R>0,4m²·K/W,

sd≤0,1m) 360mm straw 15mm OSB (sd>2,1m)




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ROOF, FORMER Z-23.11-1595 (2006-2014)

Layers: roof tiles ventilated, 20mm wooden

soft fibre board, 360mm straw, 15mm OSB




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Approved building

components in acc.

with Z-23.11-1595

(since 2014)

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Anlage 1 zu Z-23.11-1595 Feuchtetechnisch zulässige Schichteigenschaften von Konstruktionen mit Baustroh als Wärmedämmung a) Außenwandkonstruktionen mit vorgesetztem, hinterlüftetem Wetterschutz

Zeile Strohdicke [m] sd.i [m] Ri [m²∙K/W] sd,e [m] Re [m²∙K/W]

1 ≤ 1,00 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 0,50 -

2 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,76 ≤ 3,14 ≤ 0,50 -

3 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1,00 ≥ 1,00

4 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 2,00 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1,50 ≥ 0,70

5 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1,50 ≥ 1,43

6 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 2,00 ≥ 1,90

b) Frei bewitterte, verputzte Außenwandkonstruktionen Putz gemäß DIN EN 998-1 mit wasserabweisender Beschichtung gemäß DIN EN 1062-1 in W3 und V1


1 ≤ 0,70 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 0,50 -

2 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,76 ≤ 3,14 ≤ 0,50 -

3 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 3,00 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1,50 ≥ 0,30

c) Dachkonstruktionen mit belüfteter Dachdeckung


1 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 2,00 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 0,50 ≥ 0,14

2 ≤ 0,36 ≥ sd,a ≤ 0,35 ≤ 3,00 ≥ 0,14

Hinweise: Zeile 1 charakterisiert die jeweils zulässige Grundvariante. Weitere Zeilen: mögliche Varianten mit geänderten Bauteil- eigenschaften (grau hinterlegt), die in der Folge dann zu ändernde Schichteigenschaften erfordern (fett gedruckte Werte). Symbole, Indizes: sd,e: Diffusionsäquivalente Luftschichtdicke für die äußeren Schichten/ Bekleidungen. sd,i : Diffusionsäquivalente Luftschichtdicke für die inneren Schichten/ Bekleidungen. Ri: Wärmedurchlasswiderstandes für die inneren Schichten/ Bekleidungen. Re: Wärmedurchlasswiderstandes für die äußeren Schichten/ Bekleidungen. W3: Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit der nach DIN EN 1062-1 klassifizierten und nach DIN EN

1062-3 geprüften Beschichtung: w24 ≤ 0,1 kg/(m²∙√h); Index 24 = Prüfdauer 24 h. V1: Wasserdampf-Diffusionsstromdichte der nach DIN EN 1062-1 klassifizierten und nach DIN EN 1062-3 geprüften Beschichtung: V > 150 g/(m²·d) mit sd < 0,14m

belü

ftet

belüf

tet

Strohdicke

Re / sd,e

Strohdicke

Strohdicke

W3

V1

DIN

EN

106

2-1

Ri / sd,i

Re / sd,e

Ri / sd,i

Re / sd,e

Ri / sd,i

PROPERTIES OF LAYERS ACC. ANLAGE 1 Z-23.11-1595

a) 1 a) 2

b) 1 b) 2

c) 1 Symbole, Indizes: sd,e: Diffusionsäquivalente Luftschichtdicke für die äußeren Schichten/ Bekleidungen. sd,i : Diffusionsäquivalente Luftschichtdicke für die inneren Schichten/ Bekleidungen. Ri: Wärmedurchlasswiderstandes für die inneren Schichten/ Bekleidungen. Re: Wärmedurchlasswiderstandes für die äußeren Schichten/ Bekleidungen. W3: Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit der nach DIN EN 1062-1 klassifizierten und nach DIN EN

1062-3 geprüften Beschichtung: w24 ≤ 0,1 kg/(m²∙√h); Index 24 = Prüfdauer 24 h. V1: Wasserdampf-Diffusionsstromdichte der nach DIN EN 1062-1 klassifizierten und nach DIN EN 1062-3 geprüften Beschichtung: V > 150 g/(m²·d) mit sd < 0,14m

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Symbols, Indices:

sd,e: exterior sd value [m] Diffusion equivalent air layer thickness.

sd,i : interior sd value [m] Diffusion equivalent air layer thickness.

Ri: Thermal resistance of interior layers.

Re: Thermal resistance of exterior layers.

W3: water permeability of the acc. to DIN EN 1062-1 classified and acc. to DIN EN 1062-3 examined coating:

w24 ≤ 0,1 kg/(m²∙√h); Index 24 = duration of examination 24 h.

V1: water vapour diffusion stream density of the acc. to DIN EN 1062-1 classified and acc. to DIN EN 1062-3 examined

coating: V > 150 g/(m²·d) mit sd < 0,14m

belü

ftet

belüf

tet

Strohdicke

Re / sd,e

Strohdicke

Strohdicke

W3

V1

DIN

EN

106

2-1

Ri / sd,i

Re / sd,e

Ri / sd,i

Re / sd,e

Ri / sd,i

Row strawthickness [m] sd.i [m] Ri [m²∙K/W] sd,e [m] Re [m²∙K/W]

1 ≤ 1,00 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 0,50 -

2 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,76 ≤ 3,14 ≤ 0,50 -

3 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1,00 ≥ 1,00

4 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 2,00 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1,50 ≥ 0,70

5 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1,50 ≥ 1,43

6 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 2,00 ≥ 1,90

a) 2

VENTILATED

RAINSCREENa) 1

Appendix 1 zu Z-23.11-1595

hygrothermal approved layer properties

of walls with straw as insulation material

a) Exterior walls with ventilated rain screen

Explanation:

Row 1 shows the approved base variant.

Further rows: possible variants with changed properties (grey), forces other

properties to change fat).

a) 3-6 if tighter on

outside

> addit. Ext.

insulation required

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Symbols, Indices:









VERPUTZT

belü

ftet

belüf

tet

Strohdicke

Re / sd,e

Strohdicke

Strohdicke

W3

V1

DIN

EN

106

2-1

Ri / sd,i

Re / sd,e

Ri / sd,i

Re / sd,e

Ri / sd,i

b) 1 b) 2

Row Straw thickness[m] sd.i [m] Ri [m²∙K/W] sd,e [m] Re [m²∙K/W]

1 ≤ 0,70 ≥ 0,10 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 0,50 -

2 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 0,76 ≤ 3,14 ≤ 0,50 -

3 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 3,00 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 1,50 ≥ 0,30

Anlage 1 zu Z-23.11-1595

Hygrothermal approved layer properties

of walls with straw as insulation material

b) Exterior walls with plaster

Plaster acc. to DIN EN 998-1 with hydrophobic paint acc. to DIN EN

1062-1 in W3 und V1

Explanation:




Row b) 2 if tighter

on outside

> addit. Ext.

insulation required

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ROOF

Row Strawthickness [m] sd.i [m] Ri [m²∙K/W] sd,e [m] Re [m²∙K/W]

1 ≤ 0,48 ≥ 2,00 ≤ 0,35 ≤ 0,50 ≥ 0,14

2 ≤ 0,36 ≥ sd,a ≤ 0,35 ≤ 3,00 ≥ 0,14

belü

ftet

belüf

tet

Strohdicke

Re / sd,e

Strohdicke

Strohdicke

W3

V1

DIN

EN

106

2-1

Ri / sd,i

Re / sd,e

Ri / sd,i

Re / sd,e

Ri / sd,i

Appendix1 zu Z-23.11-1595

hygrothermal approved layer properties

of roofs with straw as insulation material

c) Roof with ventilated cladding

c) 1

Symbols, Indices:









Explanation:




Row c) 2 if tighter on outside> reduce max. straw thickness

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THANK YOU!

In de Masch 6, D- 21394 Südergellersen

Tel.: +49 4131 727 804

www.architekt-scharmer.de

fasba‘s straw building activities esbg...

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