Fascism Rises In EuropeFascism Rises In Europe

-Setting the Stage-Setting the Stage With democracy holding strong in the US, With democracy holding strong in the US,

Britain, and France, many other countries grew Britain, and France, many other countries grew tired after years of economic crisis.tired after years of economic crisis.

They turned to fascism. They turned to fascism. Fascism- a political movement that promotes Fascism- a political movement that promotes

an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule.rule.

FascismFascism

Fascists promised to: Fascists promised to: 1.1. Revive the economyRevive the economy2.2. Punish those for difficult timesPunish those for difficult times3.3. Restore order and national pride.Restore order and national pride.

They attracted many people because of the They attracted many people because of the frustration of peace treaties following frustration of peace treaties following World War One and the Global Great World War One and the Global Great Depression.Depression.

I. Fascism’s Rise in ItalyI. Fascism’s Rise in Italy

Fascism became a new, militant political Fascism became a new, militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. state and obedience to its leader.

Fascism does not have any clear theories Fascism does not have any clear theories or ideas, but Fascists shared several or ideas, but Fascists shared several ideas. ideas.

-Preached an extreme form of nationalism, -Preached an extreme form of nationalism, or loyalty to one’s country.or loyalty to one’s country.

Fascist LeadersFascist Leaders

People of Fascists countries pledged People of Fascists countries pledged loyalty to a authoritarian who guided and loyalty to a authoritarian who guided and brought order to the state. brought order to the state.

Leaders always wore uniforms, used Leaders always wore uniforms, used special salutes, and held mass rallies.special salutes, and held mass rallies.

Fascist Similarities to CommunismFascist Similarities to Communism

One-party ruleOne-party rule State was supremeState was supreme Neither practiced any type of DemocracyNeither practiced any type of Democracy

DifferencesDifferences Fascists did not seek a classless society Fascists did not seek a classless society

(class had it’s place and function)(class had it’s place and function) Fascists were nationalists, and Fascists were nationalists, and

Communists were internationalists.Communists were internationalists.

Mussolini Takes ControlMussolini Takes Control

Fascism grew because of bitter Fascism grew because of bitter disappointment over the failure to win disappointment over the failure to win large territorial gains at the 1919 Paris large territorial gains at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.Peace Conference.

Rising inflation and unemployment were Rising inflation and unemployment were leading causes towards social unrest. leading causes towards social unrest.

To many Italians, democracy seemed To many Italians, democracy seemed helpless to deal with country’s problems. helpless to deal with country’s problems.

Italians wanted a leader to take action.Italians wanted a leader to take action.

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

A newspaper editor and politician; he A newspaper editor and politician; he promised to rescue Italy by reviving its promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces. economy and rebuilding its armed forces.

He promised to provide Italy with strong He promised to provide Italy with strong leadership.leadership.

Founded the Fascist Party in 1919.Founded the Fascist Party in 1919. As economics became worse, Mussolini’s As economics became worse, Mussolini’s

popularity rose. And he began to criticized popularity rose. And he began to criticized Italy’s government.Italy’s government.

MussoliniMussolini

Mussolini took his aggression out on Mussolini took his aggression out on Communist and Socialists in city streets.Communist and Socialists in city streets.

By playing on the fears of a workers revolt, By playing on the fears of a workers revolt, he began to win the support of the middle he began to win the support of the middle class, the aristocracy, and industrial class, the aristocracy, and industrial leaders. leaders.

Mussolini Takes Over ItalyMussolini Takes Over Italy

October 1922, 30,000 Fascist Italians October 1922, 30,000 Fascist Italians marched on Rome. marched on Rome.

Their demand; for King Emmanuel III put Their demand; for King Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the government. Mussolini in charge of the government.

The King agreed, as he saw Mussolini to The King agreed, as he saw Mussolini to be the best hope for his dynasty to be the best hope for his dynasty to survive.survive.

Because of violence and threatening Because of violence and threatening uprisings Mussolini took power “legally”uprisings Mussolini took power “legally”

Il Duce’s LeadershipIl Duce’s Leadership

Mussolini gives himself the title of “Il Duce” which means Mussolini gives himself the title of “Il Duce” which means the leader. the leader.

He abolished democracy and outlawed all political He abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except the Fascists.parties except the Fascists.

Secret police jailed opponents.Secret police jailed opponents. Government censored radio stations and publications to Government censored radio stations and publications to

broadcast or publish only Fascist doctrines. broadcast or publish only Fascist doctrines. He even outlawed strikes. He even outlawed strikes. He allied with industrialists and large landowners to He allied with industrialists and large landowners to

control the economy. control the economy. Mussolini never gained total control like his counterparts Mussolini never gained total control like his counterparts

Stalin and Hitler. Stalin and Hitler.

II. Hitler Rises to Power in II. Hitler Rises to Power in GermanyGermany

Adolf Hitler- With humble beginning of Adolf Hitler- With humble beginning of struggles and disappointment, he found struggles and disappointment, he found his coming out during World War one, his coming out during World War one, where he earned an Iron Cross for where he earned an Iron Cross for bravery.bravery.

While Mussolini began to rise Hitler was a While Mussolini began to rise Hitler was a little-known political leader.little-known political leader.

The Rise of the NazisThe Rise of the Nazis

After World War One, Hitler made his After World War One, Hitler made his home in Munich, Germany.home in Munich, Germany.

In 1919 Hitler joined a right-wing political In 1919 Hitler joined a right-wing political party which believed that the German party which believed that the German people needed to overturn the Treaty of people needed to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and to destroy Communism. Versailles and to destroy Communism. They were called the National Socialist They were called the National Socialist German Workers’ Party known as the German Workers’ Party known as the Nazis. Nazis.

Creation of NazismmCreation of Nazismm

They created a form of NazismThey created a form of Nazism

-The Fascist policies of the National -The Fascist policies of the National Socialist German Workers’ party, based Socialist German Workers’ party, based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry.superiority, and state control of industry.

-Made swastika their symbol-Made swastika their symbol

-Set up a secret police called Storm -Set up a secret police called Storm Troopers or Brown Shirts.Troopers or Brown Shirts.

The Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch

In a short amount of time with success as an In a short amount of time with success as an organizer and a craft for public speaking Hitler organizer and a craft for public speaking Hitler became became der Fuhrer.der Fuhrer.

-der Fuhrer- simply means the leader.-der Fuhrer- simply means the leader.-Inspired by Mussolini’s march on Rome, Hitler -Inspired by Mussolini’s march on Rome, Hitler

organized a Nazi plot to seize power in power in organized a Nazi plot to seize power in power in Munich, 1923.Munich, 1923.

-The attempt failed, Hitler was arrested and tried -The attempt failed, Hitler was arrested and tried for treason. He was sentenced for five years but for treason. He was sentenced for five years but ended up serving 9 months.ended up serving 9 months.

Mein KampfMein Kampf

While in jail Hitler wrote While in jail Hitler wrote Mein KampfMein Kampf Mein KampfMein Kampf: “My struggle” a book written by Hitler during : “My struggle” a book written by Hitler during

his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germanybeliefs and his goals for Germany

-1. made claim that Germans were the Aryan or master -1. made claim that Germans were the Aryan or master race.race.

-2.He stated the non Aryans such as Jews, Slavs, and -2.He stated the non Aryans such as Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies, to be inferior.Gypsies, to be inferior.

-3. The Treaty of Versailles an outrage and pledge to get -3. The Treaty of Versailles an outrage and pledge to get back German lands.back German lands.

-4. Declared Germany was crowded and needed -4. Declared Germany was crowded and needed ““lebensraum” or living space.lebensraum” or living space.

-5. He promised to get space from Russia and Eastern -5. He promised to get space from Russia and Eastern Europe through conquest. Europe through conquest.

Hitler is Released from Prison.Hitler is Released from Prison.

After getting out of prison Hitler revived the After getting out of prison Hitler revived the Nazi Party.Nazi Party.

It wasn’t until the Great Depression hit, did It wasn’t until the Great Depression hit, did people begin to listen to Hitler’s ideals and people begin to listen to Hitler’s ideals and angry message.angry message.

With an economic collapse of the German With an economic collapse of the German economy, with civil unrest, the German economy, with civil unrest, the German people looked to Hitler with hopes of people looked to Hitler with hopes of security and firm leadership.security and firm leadership.

III. Hitler Becomes ChancellorIII. Hitler Becomes Chancellor

1932- Nazis become political power.1932- Nazis become political power. German conservative leaders believed German conservative leaders believed

they could control Hitler and use him for they could control Hitler and use him for their own political gains.their own political gains.

January 1933- these leaders advised Paul January 1933- these leaders advised Paul Von Hindenburg to make Hitler Von Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor.Chancellor.

Once in Office Hitler uses the full Once in Office Hitler uses the full extent of is legal power.extent of is legal power.

Call for new electionsCall for new elections

1.1. Hoping to win a parliamentary Nazi Hoping to win a parliamentary Nazi majority.majority.

Hitler burns the Reichstag six days Hitler burns the Reichstag six days before the electionsbefore the elections

1.1. Blames fire on the CommunistsBlames fire on the Communists

2.2. By blaming Communists, the Nazis were By blaming Communists, the Nazis were able to gain a slim majority.able to gain a slim majority.

Hitler begins making a Totalitarian Hitler begins making a Totalitarian StateState

1.1. Banned all other political parties and Banned all other political parties and opponents arrested.opponents arrested.

2.2. Created the SS or protection guard Created the SS or protection guard (dressed in black uniforms)(dressed in black uniforms)

3.3. The SS, loyal to Hitler, arrested and The SS, loyal to Hitler, arrested and killed hundred of Hitler’s enemies.killed hundred of Hitler’s enemies.

4.4. The terror provided by the Gestapo The terror provided by the Gestapo (secret police) forced the German people (secret police) forced the German people into obedience.into obedience.

The Fuhrer is SupremeThe Fuhrer is Supreme

-With power over the economics and politics of -With power over the economics and politics of Germany, Hitler wanted to control every aspect Germany, Hitler wanted to control every aspect of German life. of German life.

To praise his leadership Hitler turned to the.To praise his leadership Hitler turned to the.1.1. PressPress2.2. RadioRadio3.3. LiteratureLiterature4.4. PaintingPainting5.5. FilmFilm Books not conforming to Nazi ideals were Books not conforming to Nazi ideals were

burned.burned.

Churched could not criticize the Churched could not criticize the government.government.

Children had to join the Hitler Youth (boys) Children had to join the Hitler Youth (boys) and or the League of Germans (girls)and or the League of Germans (girls)

Continuous struggle brought victory to the Continuous struggle brought victory to the strong.strong.

Twisted philosophy of Nietzsche to Twisted philosophy of Nietzsche to support his use of brutal force.support his use of brutal force.

Hitler Makes War on JewsHitler Makes War on Jews

Anti-Semitism or Jew hatred was an important Anti-Semitism or Jew hatred was an important component of Nazi ideology.component of Nazi ideology.

Nazis used Jews as scapegoats for all problems since Nazis used Jews as scapegoats for all problems since the war.the war.

Anti-Semitism made waves across Germany.Anti-Semitism made waves across Germany. November 9, 1938 Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their November 9, 1938 Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their

homes and on the streets and destroyed thousands of homes and on the streets and destroyed thousands of Jewish-owned buildings.Jewish-owned buildings.

The attack was called The attack was called KristallnachtKristallnacht (Night of Broken (Night of Broken Glass)Glass)

The event signaled the real start of the Jewish HolocaustThe event signaled the real start of the Jewish Holocaust