fate and transport of steroids in the environment: what goes in, … · 2010. 10. 15. · fate and...
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Alan Kolok
Department of Biology Department of Environmental, Agricultural
& Occupational Health
Fate and transport of steroids in the environment:
What goes in, must come out?
Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources
October 14, 2010 University of Nebraska – Lincoln
East Campus Union.
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Steroids and the U.S. beef cattle industry
More than 90% of US beef cattle are given growth promoting implants.
The most common implant contains trenbolone acetate and
estradiol.
28 mg 200 mg Synovex Plus
Estradiol Trenbolone
Acetate
Brand
Name
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Endogenous steroid metabolites
(but not Testosterone)
Unimplanted
17 -Trenbolone, 17 -Trenbolone
17 -estradiol, estrone
Trenbolone acetate
Estradiol benzoate
Implanted
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Na
no
gra
ms r
eco
vere
d
Estrone
Androstenedione
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.2 17 Trenbolone
Sellin et al. 2009. Aq. Toxicol.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
0
.04
.08
.12
.16
I
I
U
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Exposures to exogenous steroids and steroid
mimics disrupt the endocrine function of fish.
Normal Female
17-estradiol
Vitellogenin
17-estradiol
Vitellogenin
Trenbolone
Ankley et al. 2003. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:1350-1360.
17-TB reduces female plasma vitellogenin levels
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Exposures to steroids and steroid mimics disrupt
the endocrine function of fish.
Normal Female
17-estradiol
Vitellogenin
Normal Male
17-estradiol
Vitellogenin
Seki et al. 2006. Environ Toxicol Chem. 25:2742-2752.
Vitellogenin
Estrogens
Vit
ello
gen
in (
mg
/mL
)
Estradiol concentration (ng/L)
17-E2 increases male plasma vitellogenin levels
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Rela
tive
Gen
e E
xp
ressio
n
Steer Feces (mg/L)
0
.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Control 0.012 1.25 125 6250
Vtg/L8
Sellin et al. 2009. Aq.Tox. 92:221-227.
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Steer Feces (mg/L)
Vtg/L8
Rela
tive
Gen
e E
xp
ressio
n
0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 1.25 125 6250 1250
*
Implanted
Unimplanted
Sellin et al. 2009. Aq.Tox. 92:221-227.
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Laboratory
Field
No
TBA,
Estrogenic
effect
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* detection limit = 1 ng
Compound
17-estradiol
Estrone
Estriol
17-trenbolone
17-trenbolone
Pearl Cr.
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Bow Cr.
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
E. Bow Cr.
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Compound
17-estradiol
Estrone
Estriol
17-trenbolone
17-trenbolone
Niobrara
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Elkhorn
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Platte
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
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Elkhorn River Bow Creek
Niobrara
River
Re
lative
gene
exp
ressio
n
Elkhorn
River
Platte
River
0.4
0.8
1.2
Field
Laboratory R
ela
tive
ge
ne
exp
ressio
n
0
0.8
1.6
Elkhorn
River
Lab H2O
Rela
tive
ge
ne
exp
ressio
n
0.2
0.6
1
East Bow
Creek
Pearl
Creek
Re
lative
ge
ne
exp
ressio
n
0.1
0.4
0.7
East Bow
Creek Lab water
controls
Sellin et al. 2009. ET&C. 28:2443-2448. Sellin et al. 2010. Aq Tox 96:103-108.
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Laboratory
Field
No
TBA,
Estrogenic
effect
No
TBA,
Anti-
estrogenic
effect
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Water
Sediment
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Elkhorn River -Vtg R
ela
tive g
ene
expre
ssio
n
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
Bow Creek - ER
Rela
tive g
ene
expre
ssio
n
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Sellin et al. 2010. Aq Tox 96:103-108.
Defeminization of female fathead minnows and sediment exposure.
Lab
water Field
water Field
exposure Sediment,
field water
Sediment,
lab water
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Is the trenbolone in the sediment ?
Tb in
Water
(+ control)
A
Tb in
sediment
B
Lab
Water
(neg. control)
Vitellogenin
0
Rela
tive
gene
exp
resso
in
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
C
Kolok et al. In prep. Env Biol Fish