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 Yukstáf >9 (0,> pfhtfs)= Hi ri`ofcfjoi `oti –afhvkhaofhic“, ï aflul f usf `k ul tudf `k riofs R aflf

efhtk `k ri`oiêáf k ul abisso quk aflprkkh`k f sostkli tkci-eoclk. ^iri iquosoêáf `k uli olijkl

ri`ofjréeoai jkriclkhtk kcïtrfhs prf`uzo`fs kl ul eocilkhtf (kekotf tkrlfoðhoaf) k iakckri`fs utocozih`f

ailpf kcïtroaf `k icti ohtkhso`i`k kl `orkêáf i ul icvf `k tuhjstíhof. If ohtkrijor afl f icvf, fafrrk

klossáf `fs riofs R quk oráf ohtkrijor afl f piaokhtk piri prf`uzor i olijkl.

i)  Qidk-sk quk hkstk tudf f fpkri`fr itui prohaopiclkhtk trís erkhtks= f ecuxf `k kcïtrfhs hf tudf

(lI fu lIs), i tkhsáf quk efrhkakré khkrjoi piri iakckriêáf `kssks (gU) k i érki `f icvf sfdrk

i quic fs kcïtrfhs afco`oráf (pfhtf efaic). F pirälktrf –lI“ ohecukhaoi f jriu `k khkjrkaolkhtf

`i olijkl khquihtf quk f pfhtf efaic ï olpfrtihtk hi rksfcuêáf `i olijkl. Mé f –gU“ ï

rkspfhsévkc pkci prf`uêáf `k afhtristk hi olijkl. [tocozk skus afhbkaolkhtfs `k prf`uêáf `k

riofs R k ohtkriêáf `ksti ri`oiêáf afl i litïroi piri kxpcoair i prf`uêáf `k afhtristk kl uli

olijkl `k tñrix piri kstu`ir irafs afstios k kl uli olijkl `k id`flk.

d)  @i qukstáf ihtkrofr pkrakdklfs quk tihtf fs pirälktrfs –gU“ k –lIs“ ohecukhaoil hi

quico`i`k `f ekoxk `k riofs R, ossf ï, sui ohtkhso`i`k k khkrjoi. Ksdfak f kspkatrf `k riofs R

 prf`uzo`f rkprkskhtih`f tihtf fs eñtfhs prf`uzo`fs pfr  drklsstribcuhj  quihtf pfr ri`oiêáf

airiatkrìstoai. Háf sk ksqukêi `k aflkhtir sfdrk i afhtroduoêáf `f eoctrf hi siì`i `f ekoxk k

tildïl eoctriêáf ohkrkhtk `f tudf `k riofs R.a)  Kl ul kxpkrolkhtf, aisf i kspkssuri `f piaokhtk skmi iulkhti`i, aflf skráf ictkri`is i

khkrjoi lï`oi, khkrjoi léxoli k ohtkhso`i`k `f ekoxk `k riofs R6 Ksdfak kstis ohefrliêûks hi

lksli eojuri `f aisf ihtkrofr.

`)  Qidk-sk quk if ohtkrijor afl f piaokhtk i ri`oiêáf sferk kekotfs `k idsfrêáf k kspicbilkhtf. I

idsfrêáf ï prkfaupihtk prohaopiclkhtk pfr sui afhtroduoêáf afl i `fsk `kpfsoti`i sfdrk f

 piaokhtk, khquihtf quk f kspicbilkhtf afhtroduo limfrotiroilkhtk piri `kjri`ir i quico`i`k `i

olijkl. I eol `k rk`uzor f kekotf `i ri`oiêáf kspicbi`i sfdrk i olijkl eohic `fos aflpfhkhtks

efril olpcihti`fs hf ipirkcbf `k riofs R= f afcoli`fr k i jri`k ihto-`oeusfri. Aflf kstks

aflpfhkhtks –euhaofhil“6 Fh`k kstáf cfaicozi`fs6 

Yukstáf >4 (9,> pfhtfs)= F eoclk ri`ofjréeoaf ï disoailkhtk uli klucsáf `k arostios `k bicktfs `k pritisfdrk uli disk pcéstoai. Hi rftohi `k ul skrvoêf `k `oijhñstoaf pfr olijkhs fs eoclks sáf utocozi`fs kl

issfaoiêáf i uli fu `uis tkcis ohtkhsoeoai`fris piri iulkhtir sui skhsodoco`i`k, ipksir `k icjul

aflprflktolkhtf hi rksfcuêáf `i olijkl eohic.

i)  Lfstrk aflf sk `é f prfakssf `k efrliêáf `k olijkhs sfdrk kssk eoclk i pirtor `i ri`oiêáf quk

efo trihsloto`i pkcf piaokhtk.  @oai= piri rkspfh`kr ksti qukstáf vfaí `kvk aflkhtir `ks`k i skhsodocoziêáf `f

 eoclk pkci cuz kloto`i pkci tkci ohtkhsoeoai`fri k f prfakssf `k rkvkciêáf (i pirtor `k uli prfakssi`fri iutflétoai) itï

quk f eoclk kstkmi prfhtf piri rkakdkr ciu`f. 

 d)  Kl quk sotuiêáf sk utocozi uli fu `uis tkcis ohtkhsoeoai`fris6 ^fr quí6

Yukstáf >1 (4,> pfhtfs)= Qupfhbi quk vfaí efo afhtriti`f aflf ippcoaitofh (prfeossofhic rkspfhsévkc

 pfr rkicozir trkohilkhtf `k pkssfic ipñs i aflpri `k ul `ktkrlohi`f kquopilkhtf) `k uli

luctohiaofhic. Huli `ktkrlohi`i faisoáf vfaí efo abili`f piri trkohir uli kquopk `k tkahñcfjfs aumi

acìhoai iaidiri `k i`quoror quitrf ipirkcbfs `k riofs R skh`f ul afl `ktkatfr AT, futrf @T `orktf, @T 

oh`orktf k f ýctolf afl `ktkatfr AA@. Kxpcoquk f prfakssf `k `ktkaêáf k ckoturi `kssks sostklis k

aflpirk-fs quihtf i rksfcuêáf, skhsodoco`i`k k austf `k olpcihtiêáf.

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 Yukstáf >0 (4,> pfhtfs)= Qidk-sk quk ul lilñjrief hi`i lios ï `f quk ul kquopilkhtf `k riofs-R

`k`oai`f. Yuios sáf is prohaopios `oekrkhêis khtrk f sostkli `k riofs-R afhvkhaofhic kl rkciêáf i ul

lilñjrief k pfr quk kstis ictkriêûks sáf hkakssérois6 Aflf kcis afhtrodukl piri quico`i`k `i olijkl

k `fsk hf piaokhtk6

Yukstáf >; (1,> pfhtfs)= Afhso`krk ul tflñjrief `k riofs R `k quirti jkriêáf, aflf f `i eojuri

idioxf.

i)  Kxpcoquk f prfakssf `k efrliêáf `k olijkhs k i prf`uêáf `k afhtristk hkssk topf `k

kquopilkhtf. Háf `koxk `k aflkhtir sfdrk i rkciêáf khtrk f hýlkrf AP k fs kekotfs eftfkcïtroaf

k Aflptfh.

 d)  Lfstrk tildïl i ohecuíhaoi `k gUp, lIs, hýlkrf `k prfmkêûks, hýlkrf `k pfhtfs pfr prfmkêáf,kspkssuri `k afrtk, tilihbf `k litroz k ailpf `k vosáf (EFU) hi rksfcuêáf `i olijkl eohic.