ENDS and Vaping

FCD Prevention Works

Spring-Summer 2018

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FCD Prevention Works

�Nonprofit

�Over 40 years of school-based substance abuse prevention

�Over 2.5million students, over 70countries

Prevention is a climate, not a program

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�A collaborative process promoting healthy young people by:

�Nurturing protections

�Reducing risks

�Intervening on unhealthy behaviors

FCD’s Prevention Approach

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What We’ll Cover

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�ENDS and Vapes

�Health risks

�Data and trends

�The changing landscape

�Takeaways and next steps

�Q&A

Most Kids are Healthy, but:

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Monitoring the Future, 2017

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Monitoring the Future, 2017

Use Uncommon, but Trending:

Social Norms

▪ Gross exaggerations

▪ False perceptions

▪ Perception influences reality

▪ Affects younger children

▪ Research-based

prevention strategy

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An Introduction to “ENDS”

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�What are they?

�Where did they come from?

�How do they work?

U.S. Food & Drug Administration

An Introduction to “ENDS”

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Parts of an E-cigarette

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Produces Aerosol, not Vapor

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�Aerosol: a mixture of liquid particles suspended in a gas that can contain many chemicals; does not evaporate

• Chlorobenzene

• Crotonaldehyde

• Propionaldehyde

• Benzaldehyde

• Valeric acid

• Hexanal

• Fluorine

• Anthracene

• Pyrene

• Acenaphthylene

• Acenapthene

• Fluoranthene

• Benz(a)anthracene

• Chrysene

• Retene

• Benzo(a)pyrene

• Indeno(1,2,3-

cd)pyrene

• Benzo(ghi)perylene

• Acetone

• Acrolein

• Silver

• Nickel

• Tin

• Sodium

• Strontium

• Barium

• Aluminum

• Chromium

• Boron

• Copper

• Selenium

• Arsenic

• Nitrosamines,

• Polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons

• Cadmium

• Silicon

• Lithium

• Lead

• Magnesium

• Manganese

• Potassium

• Titanium

• Zinc

• Zirconium

• Calcium

• Iron

• Sulfur

• Vanadium

• Cobalt

• Rubidium

• Propylene glycol

• Glycerin

• Flavorings

(many)

• Nicotine

• NNN

• NNK

• NAB

• NAT

• Ethylbenzene

• Benzene

• Xylene

• Toluene

• Acetaldehyde

• Formaldehyde

• Naphthalene

• Styrene

• Benzo(b)fluorant

hene

Incomplete List of Chemicals in E-Cig Aerosol

Stanford Tobacco Prevention Toolkit, 2018

Known Short-Term Health Consequences

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Addiction, Plus Unknown Health Risks

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Earlier Use, Highly Vulnerable Pathways

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� Nicotine connects with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, increasing nicotine receptor sites

� 90% of current smokers started before they were 18

U.S. DHHS Office of Adolescent Health

Unknown and Harmful Ingredients

� U.S. regulation of ENDS announced May 2016

� Full regulation of these products continues to be delayed

� It will take years to implement all safety measures and warnings

� Current product claims cannot be substantiated

What do students think is in the e-cigarettes they have used?

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Monitoring the Future, 2015

Primes Addiction

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Adolescents who vape:

� 5x more likely to use cigarettes

� 4x more likely to start

JAMA Pediatrics

Local and Global Teen Use Trends

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Use for teens

greater than any

other tobacco

product and any

other drug but

alcohol

Monitoring the Future, 2015

Use Rising Quickly

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Exposure to tobacco and e-cigarette related advertising nearly doubles the likelihood of initiating use of e-cigarettes or tobacco smoking.

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Social Media

� Teens are socialized with vape content.� 53% 6th, 8th, and 10th

grade students in Texas report exposure to electronic cigarette social media within the past month.

� Females more likely exposed via Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Vine, Tumblr, etc.

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Pinterest, 2018

Consequences of Marketing

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�Use twice as great for boysas for girls

� Some youth use before alcoholMonitoring the Future, 2015

FCD Database, 2015-2016

Low Perceptions of Risk

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False Comparisons

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Portable diffusers, aromatherapy, etc.

�All use equals risk

�Direct inhalation of heated oils

�Mimics and primes vaping behavior

Aromatherapy pens mirror look and feel of e-cigs/vaporizers, not recommended for people under 18, those pregnant, etc.

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Marijuana Too

� Plant matter or cartridges, concentrated

� “budder,” “shatter,” “crumble,” “wax,” “oil”

�Unregulated and under-researched ingredients

�Same health concerns about carcinogens and irritants as e-cigs

� minus nicotine, plus THC

25Instagram, 2018

Vaping Takeaways

�It’s not healthy

�It’s not safe

�It’s not needed

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Vaping Takeaways

�Marketing and money

�Design and modern day branding

�Substance confusion

�Oral habit formation

�Culture of quick fix

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Vaping Takeaways

�Marketed to youth

�Lowered risk perceptions

�Health messaging needed from adults who care

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What We’ve Covered

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�ENDS and Vapes

�Health risks

�Data and trends

�The changing landscape

�Takeaways and next steps

�Q&A

Further Resources

� FCD Prevention Works– Find us on Facebook

– www.fcd.org; schools@fcd.org

� National Institute on Drug Abuse– http://www.nida.nih.gov

� Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids

– https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/

� Stanford Tobacco Prevention Toolkit

– https://med.stanford.edu/tobaccopreventiontoolkit.html

� Tobacco Free California

– http://stillblowingsmoke.org/

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THANK YOU FOR

JOINING US!

WWW.FCD.ORG

SCHOOLS@FCD.ORG

FCD PREVENTION WORKS

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