feb-28-13
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Three Italian Operas with Lorenzo da Ponte
Da Ponte
o Jewish Italian
o Poet to the Theaters appointed by Emperor Joseph II
o Eventually immigrated to U.S. Le Nozze di Figaro
Opera buffa
Da Ponte’s libretto based on enlightenment played by Beaumarchais
Intensified social tension between classes
Introduced moral issues
Numerous arias in the vocal repertoire
Dove sono
Se vuol ballare
Letter aria
#6 on list of Most Performed Operas
Don Giovanni (Don Juan)
Dramma Giocoso
Famous “Catalogue” aria
Cosi van tutte
Die Zauberflote
o German Singspeil
o Some spoken dialogo Libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder, an impresario who performed the role of Papageno
o Rich in Masonic symbolism
o Performed at the Theater aufder Weiden
Queen of the Night
Der Holle Rache kcht in meinem (The vengeance of Hell boils in my
heart)
High range up to F6
Performed in premiere by Mozart’s sister-in-law Josepha Hofer, the
oldest of the Weber daughters
Requiem
o Commissioned by Count Franz von Walsegg; attempted to claim composition as his own
o Unfinished at Mozart’s death; completed by Sussmayer
o Complex fugues
o Dies Irae – makes dramatic use of dynamics; Sturm and Drang
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Born in Bonn, Germany
Early age
o Elector’s Court Organist
o 3 piano pieces by age 13
Service for the Archbishop
o Grandfater and father for the court chapel for Prince of Bonn
o Appointed assistant organist in 1784 (14)
First trip to Vienna
o Possibly met Mozart
o Mother died
o Beethoven returned immediately to Bonn
o Assumed responsibility for the care of two younger brothers
o Became acquainted with Count Ferdinand von Waldstein
Met Franz Josef haydn
o Haydn stopped in Bonn on trip to London
o Met again on return trip in 1792
o Followed Haydn to Vienna
Continued Studies
o Antonio Salieri
o Johann Georg Albrechtsberger
Patrons
o Prince Carl Lichnowskyo Baron Gottfried van Swieten
o Prince Joseph Franz Lobkowitz
Archduke Rudolph
o Cardinal
o Youngest son of Emperor Leopold II
o Studied piano and composition from Beethoven
o Archduke Trio and Missa Solemnis dedicated to Archduke
o Offered position as Kapellmeister for Nopolion Bonaparte, Brother of French
Emperor and King of Westphalia in Kassel
o Beethoven persuaded to remain in Vienna by other patrons
Increasing Deafness
o 1801 Beethoven complained of increasing difficulty of hearing, especially in
social situations
o Tinnitus, “Ringing” in the ear
o 1802, April to October lived in Heiligenstadt, just outside of Vienna
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o Described frustration in a letter, now termed the Heilegenstadt Testament
May, 1809, Napoleon bombards Vienna; Beethoven hid in the basement
of his brother’s house, covering his ears with pillows-worried that the
noise would destroy what remained of his hearing
Completely deaf after 1814
Used an acoustic ear horn or communicated through Conversation
books
o Immortal Beloved?
Giulietta Guicciardi
Josephine Deym
Therese Malfatti
Antonie or Bettina Brentano
Students
o Carl Czerny
o Johann Nepomuk Maelzel – inventor of metronome
o Beethoven was the first composer to indicate metronomic markings on the
score
Recognized during Lifetime
o Described by Hoffman as one of the 3 great Romantic composers
o Met Goethe, Rossini, Liszt,
Died on Monday, March 26, 1827
20,000 Viennese citizens lined the streets
o Compositions in 3 periodso To 1802
More influenced by Mozart and Haydn
Noteable works
o Sonata Pathetique
o Symphonies Nos. 1 and 2
o 1802-15
‘heroic’ period
Expanded forms for dramatic statement
Noteable works
o Symphonies Nos. 3 “Eroica”, 4, 5, and 6 Pastoral
Expanded the orchestra
o Fidelio
One opera – four extant overtures
1st
release at Theater an der Wein unsuccessful
Mostly French officers in the audience
Love opera in 3 acts
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o Rasumovsky Quartets
Commissioned by Count Andreas Rasumovsky
Russian Melodies in Finale of 1st
quartet’ another in 3rd
mvt
o Moonlight Sonata
Term from an 1832 description
3 movements
o 1816-
Romantic composer