February 3, 2012•Today: Terms•Intro to Diseases•WEDNESDAY: Ch 2 Test

Animal Safety & HandlingChapter 2

In this chapter:•Importance of safety•Discuss diseases•Preventing human infection•Restraint procedures•Chemical safety

Terms•Evulsions

▫A tear or pulled out wound (a bite)

•Immune Gamma Globulin (IGG)▫Antibodies

•Intermediate Host▫A host that a parasitic

organism lives on during an immature stage

Terms•Intradermal

▫Within the skin•Intramuscular

▫Within the muscle•Parasites

▫Organisms that live on or within another organism and host, deriving food from that host (Ex: ticks and worms)

Terms•Reservoir

▫An immune host•Sustenance

▫FOOD!•Zoonoses

▫Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans

Risks with Small Animals•Zoonoses

▫Rabies▫Bubonic Plague (Gangrene)▫Ascarids (Roundworm)▫Hookworms

•Vaccination and deworming

Risks with Small Animals•Toxoplasmosis

▫Clean that litter!!•Ringworm

▫It’s a fungus! (Not a worm!)•Psittacosis

▫Parrot fever•Cat-scratch fever•Salmonellosis•Streptococcal infections

Non-Disease Risks•Bites•Scratches•Potential for infection?

▫Dependent on area▫Animal identification▫Domestic vs Wild

February 6, 2012•Review Diseases•Physical Restraint•Attire•Top 15ish things to know!•Tomorrow: REVIEW•Wednesday: TEST!!

Diseases•Roundworms and

hookworms▫Deworming▫Preventative Drug

Programs▫Recognize and avoid

contaminated outdoor objects

▫Remove animal waste from play areas and yard

▫Obey leash laws.

Toxoplasmosis• Infection from a parasite• Causes

▫Careless handling of litter▫Eating contaminated soil

• Symptoms in humans:▫Enlarged lymph nodes in

the head and neck▫Headache▫Mild illness with fever,

similar to mononucleosis▫Muscle pain▫Sore throat

Ringworm• Skin infection due to a fungus• Causes:

▫ Fungus, not a worm▫ Touching someone or something with

the infection, or items contaminated by the fungus (VERY EASILY SPREAD!)

▫ Warm, moist areas• Treatment:

▫ Keep your skin clean and dry.▫ Apply over-the-counter antifungal or

drying powders, lotions, or creams that contain miconazole or clotrimazole

▫ Don't wear clothing that rubs the area.▫ Wash sheets and pajamas

Psittacosis• Spread through contact with contaminated bird feces

(rare)• Symptoms:

▫ Blood-tinged sputum▫ Dry cough▫ Fatigue▫ Fever and chills▫ Headache▫ Joint aches▫ Muscle aches▫ Shortness of breath

• Treatment:▫ Antibiotics

Cat-scratch fever-Bartonella henselae • Contact with an infected cat

or saliva on broken skin or white of the eye

• Symptoms:▫ Bump or blister at site of

injury▫ Fatigue▫ Fever (in some)▫ Headache▫ Lymph node swelling near

the site▫ Overall discomfort

• Treatment:▫ Not usually necessary

Salmonellosis• Infection in the lining of the small intestine

▫ Eaten improperly prepared or stored food▫ Family with recent salmonella infection▫ Recent family illness with gastroenteritis▫ A pet iguana or other lizards, turtles, or

snakes• Symptoms:

▫ Abdominal pain or cramping or tenderness▫ Chills, Diarrhea, Fever▫ Muscle pain, Nausea, Vomiting

• Treatment:▫ Replace fluids and electrolytes lost by

diarrhea. ▫ Antibiotics▫ Acetaminophen or ibuprofen (fever and aches)▫ BRAT diet:

Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. These are binding foods

Streptococcal infections• Group A and group B• Group A strep:

▫ Strep throat▫ Scarlet fever - red rash on the body▫ Impetigo - a skin infection▫ Toxic shock syndrome▫ Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)

• Group B strep: ▫ Blood infections▫ Pneumonia▫ Meningitis in newborns▫ Urinary tract infections▫ Skin infections

• Treatment:▫ Antibiotics

Rabies!•Questions to ask:

▫Species of animal▫Frequency of rabies in the area▫Circumstances around bite▫Behavior of animal▫Can animal be quarantined and observed▫Is animal brain examination available

Animal Care Workers•Protection?

▫Intradermal “pre-exposure” injections▫Intramuscular “exposure” injections

•Proper first aid and handling

AHD• Alveolar Hydatid Disease• Tapeworm• Cause: Possible illegal

shipments of animals• Intermediate hosts: Fox, coyotes

& mice• Symptoms:

▫Eggs hatch in SI▫Migrate to liver/kidney &

develop cysts• Treatment:

▫Surgical removal of cysts

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

•Carried by ticks•Symptoms

▫Chills, Confusion, Fever▫Headache, Muscle pain▫Rash –starting at extremities

•Treatment▫Careful removal of tick▫Antibiotics

Lyme Disease• Bacterial infection from blacklegged tick bites• Numbers to remember: 3 & 5!!• Risk factors:

▫ Doing outside activities that increase tick exposure▫ Having a pet that may carry ticks home▫ Walking in high grasses

• Important facts:▫ Tick must be attached to your body for 24 – 36 hours▫ Many people with Lyme disease never saw a tick on their

body.▫ Most people who are bitten by a tick do not get Lyme disease.

• Symptoms:▫ Body-wide itching, Chills, Fever▫ General ill-feeling, Headache, Light-headedness or fainting▫ Muscle pain, Stiff neck

• Treatment:▫ Removal of tick, and antibiotic

Tapeworm•Caused by:

▫A tapeworm! You guessed it!!

•Symptoms:▫Usually no outward symptoms▫Abdominal discomfort in some

•Treatment:▫Oral medication, often single dose

Physical Restraint•Why?

▫Danger of animal to itself▫Danger of animal to other

animals or people▫Injury▫Scared or confused▫Sick▫Transportation▫Catch

•Page 18-20

Proper Attire for Animal Handling•You may need:

▫Rubber boots or gloves▫Face mask▫Eye protection▫Long sleeves or pants▫Ear protection▫Hats or head protection▫Lab coat

The General Gist of the Matter…•Always wear protective clothing and

equipment when the job requires it•Always wash protective clothing and

equipment after use to prevent contamination

•Wash hands and face after completing a job to make sure all chemical residue is removed

•If required, shower after completing a job so that chemical residue is completely removed from the body

•Wash hands frequently while working with animals, especially if working with different species and in different areas. This will prevent contamination to other animals and will prevent self-contamination

•Keep hands away from the mouth, eyes, and face when working with chemicals and animals to prevent contamination

•Do not consume food or drinks in areas where contamination could occur, and do not store these items in areas where contamination could occur.

• Remove uniforms, lab coats, and coveralls when leaving an area that could be contaminated

• Never wash uniforms, lab coats, and coveralls with regular clothing

• Make sure all containers are correctly labeled to prevent the misuse of a chemical.

• Dispose of all chemicals and their containers according to proper procedure or instructions on the label

• Students and small animal workers should be instructed in the proper methods of handling small animals

• Keep a first aid kit nearby, and make sure anyone involved with animal care is aware of the location.