feg04 chapter 14 rev
DESCRIPTION
a grammar exercise.TRANSCRIPT
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14-1 Noun clauses: introduction14-2 Noun clauses that begin with a question word14-3 Noun clauses that begin with if or whether14-4 Noun clauses that begin with that14-5 Other uses of that-clauses14-6 Substituting so for a that-clause in conversational ...14-7 Quoted speech14-8 Quoted speech vs. reported speech14-9 Verb forms in quoted speech14-10 Common reporting verbs: tell, ask, answer/reply
CONTENTS
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14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
I wonder where my mother is.
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14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
(a) We know her parents.
(b) We know where her parents live.
(noun phrase)
s v o
clause
(noun clause)
s v o
• group of related words
• group of related words
phrase • no subject & verb
• has a subject & verb
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14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
(c) We know where her parents live.
os v
noun clause subject + verbhas
s v
(noun clause)
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14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
(d) We know where her parents live.(noun clause)
• question wordnoun clauses can begin with
(e) I wonder if they will visit us.(noun clause)
(f) I think that they will try to come soon.(noun clause)
• if or whether
• that
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14-1 LET’S PRACTICE
phraseclause
Hi. Nice to seeyou again. I remember your name.
noun _______phrase
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14-1 LET’S PRACTICE
phraseclause
Hi. I remember when we met.
noun _______clause
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14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD
I wonder what he is
thinking about.
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14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD
INFORMATION QUESTION
Where does she work ? (a) I wonder where she works.
When did he call? (b) Do you know when he called?
What did they do? (c) Please tell me what they did.
Why is she sad? (d) I don’t know why she is sad.
usual word order noun clause
NOUN CLAUSE
INCORRECT: I don’t know why is she sad.
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14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD
Who is that actor ? (e) Tell me who that actor is.
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
v v
Whose dog is this ? (f) I wonder whose dog this is.
v s
s s
noun orpronoun
main verb be
noun orpronoun
main verb be+ +
s v
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14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD
Who is out there ? (g) Tell me who is out there.
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
v v
Whose dog is in here? (h) Tell me whose dog is in here.
s
s
s s
main verbbe
prepositionalphrase +
v v
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14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD
INFORMATIONQUESTION
Who wants to go?
no change inword order
NOUN CLAUSE
when a question word is the subject
S
S
(i) I wonder who wants to go.
What’s going on? (j) Tell me what’s going on.
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14-2 LET’S PRACTICE
When was the bridge built?
Do you know _____________________?when the bridge was built
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14-2 LET’S PRACTICE
Who will join us for a picnic?
I don’t know _______________________.who will join us for a picnic
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14-2 LET’S PRACTICE
Whose house is that?
I wonder _________________.whose house that is
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14-3 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR WHETHER
I don’t know if Geneva is the capital of
Switzerland or not.
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14-3 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR WHETHER
(a) Is Alice friendly? (b) I wonder if Alice is friendly.
(c) Does Al dance? (d) Do you know if Al dances?
(e) Did class end early? (f) I wonder if class ended early.
yes/no questions noun clause
if introduces the clause
YES/NO QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
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14-3 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR WHETHER
(g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.
if + clause + or not
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if = whether
14-3 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR WHETHER
(h) I don’t know whether class ended early or not.
(g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.
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14-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Is that a good restaurant?
NOUN CLAUSE:
Do you know _______________________ if that is a good restaurant?
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______________
14-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Will we go to the Gaudi Museum again?
NOUN CLAUSE:
Do you know _______________________ if we will go to the Gaudi
Museum again?
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___________
14-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Will your friend pass his exam?
NOUN CLAUSE:
I wonder __________________ if your friend will pass
his exam.
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14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT
I was sad when I found out that my friend was
ill.
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14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT
(a) I know that you are a good friend.
(b) She hopes that she can go to college.
(c) Jane heard that the exam is difficult.
(d) We discovered that our house was robbed.
s v o
that-clause object of verb
mental activity
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14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT
(e) I know that you are a good friend.
that often omitted
(f) I know Ø you are a good friend.samemeaning
especially in speaking
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14-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
I hope that you can come to dinner tomorrow.
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14-4 LET’S PRACTICE
I hope you can come to dinner tomorrow.
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
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14-5 OTHER USES OF THAT- CLAUSES
She was disappointed that she failed the test.
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14-5 OTHER USES OF THAT- CLAUSES
(a) I’m certain that you will like this class.
(b) I’m happy that you joined us.
(c) You are fortunate that the weather was good.
(d) She was surprised that he proposed.
certain expressions:be + adjective OR
be + past participlethat-clause+
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14-5 OTHER USES OF THAT- CLAUSES
(e) It is true that cancer is a serious disease.
(f) It is a fact that cancer is a serious disease.
two common expressions
that-clauseIt is true…
It is a fact…+ =
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14-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECTor ?
I think that you should ask the teacher.
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14-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT
I think that you should ask the teacher.
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14-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECTor ?
I think you should ask that the teacher.
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14-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT
I think you should ask that the teacher.
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14-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECTor ?
It is true the Euro is the currency of the EU.
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14-5 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT
It is true the Euro is the currency of the EU.
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14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
Do you think this is a
good solution?
I think so.
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14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(a) Should we do this test again? I think so.
so = that we should do the test again
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14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(b) Do you think you can learn this new dance? I believe so.
so = that I can learn the dance
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14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(c) Do you really think you can learn this new dance? I hope so.
so = that I can learn the dance
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14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(c) Do you really think you can learn this new dance? I hope so.
INCORRECT:I hope so that you can learn it.
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14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(d) Should wedo this test a third time?
I don’t think so. /I don’t believe so.
negativeusage
do not think so do not believe so
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14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(e) Do youthink Jay willget fired?
I hope not.
negative hope hope not
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14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(f) Do youthink Jay shouldget fired?
I’m not sure. I guess so.
I guess so. I guess not.I suppose so. I suppose not.
common conversational responses
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I hope ____________________________________tourists will leave soon.
that the
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE
I wonder if the tourists will leave soon. I hope so.
restate usinga that-clause
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I don’t think ___________________________________we have time to play again.
that
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Do you thinkwe have timeto play again? I don’t
believe so.
restate usinga that-clause
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I hope ____________________________________won’t be in thisline all day.
that we
14-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Do you thinkwe will be in this line all day? I hope not.
restate usinga that-clause
I hope not.
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14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
I agree.
I think this a good
solution.
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14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
I agree.I think this a
good solution.
(a) SPEAKERS’ EXACT WORDS
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14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
Jill said, “I think this is a good solution.”Jack said, “I agree.”
(b) QUOTING THE SPEAKERS’ WORDS
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51Jill said, “Let’s start working.
Jill said
Jill said, “
Jill said,2. Add quotation marks.
14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
(c) HOW TO WRITE QUOTATIONS
1. Add a comma after said.,
“
Jill said, “Let’s start working
3. Capitalize the first word of the quotation.
4. Write the quotation. Add a final period.
5. Add quotation marks after the period.
let’sLet’s
“.
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14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
(d) Joshua said, I would like to go. Can we leave in an hour?
“ “
quotation marks around entire quote
(e) INCORRECT: Joshua said, I would liketo go. Can we leave in an hour?
““
“
“
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14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
(f) “I would like to go,” said Joshua.
end of quoted sentence ,
(g) “Are you ready to go?” said Andrea.
end of quoted question ?
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14-7 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT
“You should ask the teacher said Erica.,””,
or ?
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“Will you do that she asked.
14-7 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT
?” ”,
or ?
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Erica said, “Maybe I can help you. I’d be happy to try.”
14-7 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECTor ?
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14-8 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
He said, “This is serious.”She said, “I hope not.”
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14-8 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
QUOTED SPEECH:
(a) Laurette said, “I want to watch a movie.”(b) LeRoy said, “I want to watch sports.”
quoted speech = exact words in quotes
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14-8 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH:
(c) Laurette said (that) she wants to watch a movie.(d) LeRoy said (that) he would rather watch sports.
basic idea of the speaker’s words
=Reported speech
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14-8 LET’S PRACTICE
Nazan said, “I wish this class were longer.”
QUOTED SPEECH:
REPORTED SPEECH:
Nazan said ____ he _______ this class werelonger.
that wished
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14-8 LET’S PRACTICE
Su Jin said, “We should study together.”
QUOTED SPEECH:
REPORTED SPEECH:
Su Jin said ____ we should _____ together. that study
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14-8 LET’S PRACTICE
Atabe said, “You should visit my village.”
QUOTED SPEECH:
REPORTED SPEECH:
Atabe said ____ we should visit ___ village. that his
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14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
“I’m angry.”
Ben said he was angry.
QUOTED: REPORTED:
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14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
(a) QUOTED: Mary said, “I enjoy yoga.”
(b) REPORTED: Mary said that she enjoyed
yoga.(c) QUOTED:
David said, “I love tennis.”(d) REPORTED:
David said that he loved tennis.
reporting verb in past
noun clause verbin past
oftenFORMAL ENGLISH
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(e) What did Janel say?
I’m shocked.
She said she is
shocked.
Janel
14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
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14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
(e) QUOTED: Janel said, “I am shocked.” REPORTED: Janel said she is shocked.
reporting verb in past
no change in noun clause verb
sometimes
INFORMAL ENGLISH
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14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
(f) What did Janel tell you when you saw her last night? REPORTED: Janel said she was shocked.
reporting verb in past
noun clause verbin past
LATER REPORTING
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14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
(g) Janel says (that) she is shocked.
reporting verb: present tense
noun clause verb:no change
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They said _____________________
14-9 LET’S PRACTICE
QUOTED SPEECH: “We love being together.”
REPORTED SPEECH (formal or later reporting): they loved being together.
REPORTED SPEECH (informal or immediate reporting): They said _____________________they love being together.
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He said _________________________
14-9 LET’S PRACTICE
QUOTED SPEECH: “I enjoy studying with you.”
REPORTED SPEECH (formal or later reporting): he enjoys studying with her.
REPORTED SPEECH (informal or immediate reporting): He said _________________________he enjoyed studying with her.
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14-10 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
These plans tell us that we still have a lot of work
to do.
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14-10 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
say reporting verb
say noun clause
(a) Junko said that she was shocked.
=
+
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INCORRECT: Junko told that she was shocked.
INCORRECT: Junko said me that she was shocked.
14-10 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
= reporting verb
+ object + noun clause
tell
(b) Junko told me that she was shocked.(c) Junko told Amy that she was shocked.
tell
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14-10 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
(d) QUOTED: Sue said (to me), “Are you sad?” REPORTED: Sue asked (me) if I was sad.
asked (said) report questions
(e) Sue wanted to know if I was sad. Sue wondered if I was sad. Sue inquired whether or not I was sad.
want to knowwonderinquire
report questions
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14-10 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK, ANSWER/REPLY
(f) QUOTED: Sue said (to me), “Are you sad?” REPORTED: I answered/replied that I wasn’t sad.
answer, reply report replies
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14-10 LET’S PRACTICE
saytellask
Raj _____ that he might quit his job.
said
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14-10 LET’S PRACTICE
saytellask
I don’t know why Raj _____ methat he was thinking of quittinghis job.
told
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14-10 LET’S PRACTICE
saytellask
I don’t know why Raj ______ meif he should quit his job.
asked
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