felc discussion group november 12, 2013 effects of short chain fatty acids on yeast metabolism...
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![Page 1: FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013 Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6ec7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013
Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism
Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi Ph.D. (Verenium)
![Page 2: FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013 Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6ec7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FELC Discussion Group Nov 2013Discussion Norms
• Please speak kindly and professionally to each other
• Everyone is welcome to offer ideas and suggestions to the topic
• Do not belittle each other
• Learn from each other
![Page 3: FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013 Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6ec7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Short Chain Fatty Acids are C1-C5
• What is a short chain fatty acid (SCFA)?
• Usually C1-C5
• Includes formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid
• Have individual pKa values to indicate what proportion is in the dissociated (COO-) and undissociated (COOH) form at any pH.
![Page 4: FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013 Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6ec7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Short Chain Fatty Acids Have Specific pKas
• In alkaline media (pH >7) COO- form will be prominent
SCFA pKa
Formic acid 3.77
Acetic acid 4.76
Propionic acid 4.87
Isobutyric acid 4.86
Butyric acid 4.82
Isovaleric acid 4.98
Valeric acid 4.82
![Page 5: FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013 Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6ec7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Short Chain Fatty Acids Interfere in Yeast Metabolism
• Why are SCFA relevant?
• Seminal paper from 60 years ago describes the effects of acetate and other short chain fatty acids on yeast metabolism
• During early phases of glucose fermentation, phosphate is taken up by starved, mature yeast cells.
• Phosphate accumulation (and thus yeast growth and fermentation) is inhibited by C2, C4, C8 (concentration and pH dependent)
![Page 6: FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013 Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6ec7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism
• Short chain fatty acids influence the fermentative activity of yeast cells
• High concentrations inhibit
• Low concentrations enhance
• Increasing chain length of fatty acid increases inhibitory action
• What are the actions of fatty acids?
• Bactericidal activity
• Inhibit growth rate
• “Glycogen sparring” action in yeast cells
![Page 7: FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013 Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6ec7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A pH Increase Can Circumvent Their Effects
• How do they work?
• By binding to enzymes and other proteins in the cell membrane
• How to overcome this?
• If SCFA are coming out of methanator, increase the pH at prop and ferm – this will shift FA to their dissociated forms which cannot enter yeast cell to cause inhibition
• Wash the cells/mash (hexane/ether extraction will remove FA – then analyze by GC)
![Page 8: FELC Discussion Group November 12, 2013 Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Yeast Metabolism Moderators: Courtney Ireland (Corn Plus) & Asfia Qureshi](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082713/5697bfc61a28abf838ca6ec7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SCFAs are Connected to Fusel Oil Inhibition
• SCFA inhibition is connected to fusel inhibition in yeasts
• Fusel oils are
• By-products of ethanol production process
• mix of volatile organic acids, higher alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, esters
• toxic to yeast growth and fermentation
• usually removed using a rectifier distillation column
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FELC Discussion Group Nov 2013
Thank you for a great discussion!