Ferrule technologiesDiamond Active Core Alignment

Outline

Interconnection principles

Ferrules types

DIAMOND Ferrule technologies

Active Core Alignment

Specialty ferrules

2 DIAMOND SA 01.04.2019

DIAMOND SA 01.04.20193

Fiber interconnection principle

Two disaligned cylinders in space and one split sleeve

Once connected, the two cylinders are guided by the sleeve to become

colinear.

Problem: How to do this with sub-micron accuracy on millions of parts

over > 20 years

DIAMOND SA 01.04.20194

Ferrules Types

Stainless steel

Tungsten Carbide with nickel silver insert

Ceramic - nickel silver grooved insert

Full Ceramic IEC 61755-3-1, -2

Ceramic – nickel silver plain insert IEC 61755-3-5, -6

Ceramic – Titanium reduced head insert IEC 61755-3-7, -8

Speciality:

Stainless steel

Stainless steel with titanium insert

Kovar with titanium insert

WC with Titanium insert

WC with copper insert

DIAMOND SA 01.04.20195

Connection losses

Intrinsic

Fiber type

Extrinsic

End face

Connection

Different core diameter

Different numerical aperture

Different index profile

Lateral offset

Angular misalignment

End distance

End angle

Reflection losses

Surface quality

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mode field diameter, MFD [mm]

Insertion Loss : Optical interface IEC 61755-2-x

D. Markuse IL calculation l Wavelength

n0 Core index of refraction

w1 MFR of emitting fiber

w2 MFR of receiving fiber

d lateral offset

q Angle misalignment

q

ww

ww

l

wwww

ww 2

2

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

2

2

02

2

1

2

2

2

22

1

2

2

2

12 sin22

exp2

log10nd

IL

d

q

21 2KdKIL 22Lateral offset (K1) grows more

important with smaller wavelength

Angle offset (K2) remains quasi

constant with wavelength

Plain ferrule (ceramic, stainless)

Monobloc ceramic ferrule

Tuning

Geometrical parameters are process dependent.

Clearance

Hole center

Reference surface

Center of the reference

surface

Fiber geometric

center

Fiber core

Fiber

Model of inaccuracies in mono-block ferrules

50

°50

°

Composite Ferrule (Ti-ZrO2, NS-ZrO2, Ti-SS, NS-WC, Ti-WC)

Polishing

radius

8°

(+/- .5°)

Fiber

Ferrule Insert

Ferrule

Ceramic

Adhesive

Composite Titanium ferrule

Active Core Alignment

Geometrical parameters are controlled and measured

Active Core Alignment

DIAMOND’s Multi-component ferrule with

metal insert

Active Core Alignment

Geometrical parameters under control.

Video

Active Core Alignment - Video

Attenuation models

Area of Active Core Aligned 0.1 dB connectors

Area for Active Core Aligned 0.5 dB connectors

Area of Monobloc 0.1 dB connectors

Area of Monobloc 0.5 dB connectors

Measured monobloc sample plugs (various

supplier)

geometrical criteria performance

Guaranteed compatibility if IEC

standards follows

Attenuation as a function of w [°] & c [um]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Concentricity c [um]

Til

t A

ng

le w

[°]

0.1 dB

0.2 dB

0.3 dB

0.4 dB

0.5 dB

0.6 dB

0.7 dB

0.8 dB 0.9 dB 1 dB

LOW TILT ANGLE

LOW ECCENTRICITY

LOW ATTENUATION

Eccentricity [mm]

DIAMOND SA 01.04.201912

Specialty Ferrules

Specialty ferrules:

Any size hole from 80um to 800um

Multi-fiber hole ferrule (drilled)

Custom pattern (slit, flower, ..)

Kovar sleeve (for laser welding, low CTE), can be gold coated

Stainless steel ferrule or sleeve (material compatibility)

Tungsten Carbide sleeve (large heat transfer)

Low dimensional tolerance

High wear resistance

Ultrapolish