fertilizing corn (and cotton) with n-p-k by yield goal glen ......fertilizing corn (n-p-k) by yield...
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Fertilizing Corn (and Cotton) with N-P-K By Yield Goal
Glen Harris
University of Georgia
Glendon Hamilton Harris, Jr.
• Egg Harbor City, NJ
• BS – Penn State (1985)
• MS – Michigan State(1988)
• PhD – Michigan State (1993)
• Farm Background – Vegetables & Cut Flowers (NJ) and Alfalfa, Corn & Soybeans (PA)
• UGA Extension Agronomist – Soils & Fertilizer
• Since March 1994 @ UGA Tifton Campus
• Hobbies/Interests – Gardening, Reading, Music
Soil Regions of the United States
Soil Regions of Georgia
Georgia Soils
• In General
• Ultisols
• Highly Weathered
• Poorly Buffered
• Acidic (Low pH)
• Low Fertility
• Low Organic Matter
How Much Fertilizer Do I Need for 300 Bushel Corn ?
Soil Test Handbook of Georgia (aesl.ces.uga.edu)
Base (Irrigated) Yield Goal = 150 bu/a
For every 10 bushel increase add 12-6-10 (lbs N-P2O5-K2O/a)
150 200 250 300
Low/Low 180-110-130 240-140-180 300-170-230 360-200-280
Med/Med 180-90-90 240-120-140 300-150-190 360-180-240
High/High 180-70-70 240-100-120 300-130-170 360-160-220
4Rs = Rate, Timing, Source and Placement
Soil Test P/K
Yield Goal (bu/a)Mehlich 1
Bowen Farm in Tifton : 2013-2017
Flatwood Soil (Leefield)
Irrigated
Corn-Peanut-Tobacco
High Yield Corn Study - 2016
Starter Only 46 - 41 - 0
150 150- 90- 80
200 210-120-130
250 270-150-180
300 330-180-230
500 570-300-430
lbs N-P2O5-K2OYield Goal (bu/a)
M17-01: Bowen Farm Corn High Yield Study 2017 (Pivot A)
M17-02
3
19
4
20
6
21
2
22
1
23
5
24
7' Alley
2
13
1
14
4
15
5
16
6
17
3
18
7' Alley
6
7
3
8
5
9
1
10
2
11
4
12
7' Alley
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
Treatment Key:
1 Starter Only 10gal each 10-34-0 and 28-0-0-5(S) (gave 46-41-0 at planting)
2 150bu/a yield goal (22oz 5-10-15/row middle + 3.3oz 0-0-60/row middle)
3 200bu/a yield goal (22oz 5-10-15/row middle + 7oz 0-0-60/row middle)
4 250bu/a yield goal (22oz 5-10-15/row middle + 10.6oz 0-0-60/row middle)
5 300bu/a yield goal (22oz 5-10-15/row middle + 14.3oz 0-0-60/row middle)
6 500bu/a yield goal (22oz 5-10-15/r.m. + 29oz 0-0-60/r.m. + 10.6 oz 10-50-0/r.m.)
Sidedress Rates: ALL with 28-0-0-5(S)
1 None
2 3.4oz/row twice
3 5.9oz/row twice
4 8.5oz/row twice
5 11.1oz/row twice
6 21.4oz/row twice
Important Events:
64
157
222
254270
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Sonly 150 200 250 300
High Yield Corn – 2013
(Pioneer 2023 35,000 pop. planted 3/20)Bu/a
150
178
201 196
212
0
50
100
150
200
250
150 200 250 300 350
High Yield Corn – 2014 Bowen Farm
(Dekalb66-97 35,000 pop. planted 3/28)Bu/a
c
bc
ab ab
a
Fertilizing Corn (N-P-K) By Yield Goal
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Start 150 200 250 300
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Yield Goal (bu/a)
Actual Yield (bu/a)
Fertilizing Corn (N-P-K) By Yield Goal
0
50
100
150
200
250
Start 150 200 250 300
AVG
AVG
Yield Goal (bu/a)
Actual Yield (bu/a)
Fertilizing Corn (N-P-K) By Yield Goal
0
50
100
150
200
250
Start 150 200 250 300
AVG
AVG
Yield Goal (bu/a)
Actual Yield (bu/a)
(2013-2017)5-Year
106 bu
44 bu
21 bu4 bu
Fertilizing Corn (N-P-K) By Yield Goal
0
50
100
150
200
250
Start 150 200 250 300
AVG
AVG
Yield Goal (bu/a)
Actual Yield (bu/a)
(2013-2017)5-Year
106 bu
$424
44 bu
$176
21 bu
$84
4 bu
$16
If Corn prices are $4/bushel
Fertilizing Corn (N-P-K) By Yield Goal
0
50
100
150
200
250
Start 150 200 250 300
AVG
AVG
Yield Goal (bu/a)
Actual Yield (bu/a)
(2013-2017)5-Year
106 bu
$424
104-49-80
44 bu
$176
60-30-50
21 bu
$84
60-30-50
4 bu
$16
60-30-50
Fertilizing Corn (N-P-K) By Yield Goal
0
50
100
150
200
250
Start 150 200 250 300
AVG
AVG
Yield Goal (bu/a)
Actual Yield (bu/a)
(2013-2017)5-Year
106 bu
$424
104-49-80
$85
44 bu
$176
60-30-50
$50
21 bu
$84
60-30-50
$50
4 bu
$16
60-30-50
$50
If Corn prices are $4/bushel
And Using 2017 Fertilizer Prices
Fertilizing Corn (N-P-K) By Yield Goal
0
50
100
150
200
250
Start 150 200 250 300
AVG
AVG
Yield Goal (bu/a)
Actual Yield (bu/a)
(2013-2017)5-Year
106 bu
$424
104-49-80
$85
+$339
44 bu
$176
60-30-50
$50
+$126
21 bu
$84
60-30-50
$50
+$34
4 bu
$16
60-30-50
$50
-$34
If Corn prices are $4/bushel
And Using 2017 Fertilizer Prices
Pivot A Flight 5
09 June 2017
“NDRE”
(Normalized Difference Red Edge)
51
155
196
214226
250
0
50
100
150
200
250
Starter
Only
150 200 250 300 500
High Yield Corn – 2016 Bowen Farm
Pioneer 1916YHR 35,000 pop. planted 3/14)Bu/a
e
d
cbc
b
a
0.416
0.368
0.308
0.2480.226
0.188
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Starter
Only
150 200 250 300 500
High Yield Corn – 2016 Bowen Farm
Tissue Mg (%)
d
bc
cd
ab
dbc
a
abcd
a
dd
(light blue bar = V7, Dark blue bar = Ear leaf)
0.18
0.2
0.18
0.15
0.25
0.21
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 10 20 30 40 100
Tissue Mg (%) Bowen Magnesium Rate- 2017
Apr 28 and May 30 (Ear leaf)
0.170.16
0.180.17
0.2
0.22
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Kmag EPS KIES MgNO3 EPSF UTC
Tissue Mg (%) Bowen Magnesium Source- 2017
Apr 28 and May 30 (Ear leaf)
High Yield Corn – 2017 Bowen Farm
Stalk Nitrate
(ppm)
b b b b
b
aLow = < 450
Optimal = 450-2000
Excessive = > 2000
Corn Population by N-P-K Fert Yield Goal
Bowen Farm 2018
2 Factor Factorial
Planted March 29, Pioneer P1870HR, 10gal 10-34-0+10gal 28, 6 Row Plots
Population – 18,000
26,000
34,000
42,000
N-P-K Yield Goal - 150 bu/a (150-0-110)
200 bu/a (210-0-160)
250 bu/a (270-0-210)
300 bu/a (330-0-260)
Tissue Sampling - May 1 (V6, 12 inches tall) – Whole Plant
May 17 (V10) – Leaf Below Whorl
June 1 (V12 ?) – Leaf Below Whorl
June 11 (Ear Leaf)
pH=6.7 P=137(VH) K=70 (L) Ca=749(M) Mg=59(M) Zn=3(M) Mn=3(L)
154
187196 201
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4
Corn Yield (bu/a) Bowen Population (avg over Fert)- 2018
(18) (26) (34) (42)
145
173
204216
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4
Corn Yield (bu/a) Bowen N-P-K Fert (avg over Pop)- 2018
(150) (200) (250) (300)
124
149162
181
147
173
211217
156
181
214
233
153
190
231 233
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Corn Yield (bu/a) Bowen Pop x Fert YG- 2018
CV = 6 %
18 26 34 42
4.2 4.1 4.24 3.9 3.9
4.14.3
4 44.1
43.8 3.9
4.1
3.7
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
May 17 (V10) Tissue N (%) Bowen Pop x Fert YG- 2018
NS CV = 6 %
18 26 34 42
Sufficiency Range = 3-5
0.370.39
0.41
0.380.380.37
0.380.360.36
0.380.360.350.36
0.390.380.36
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
May 17 (V10) Tissue P (%) Bowen Pop x Fert YG- 2018
NS CV = 8 %
18 26 34 42
Sufficiency Range = .25-.45
2.72.8
32.9
2.72.8
2.92.8
2.6
2.82.9 2.9
2.6
3.2
2.92.8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
May 17 (V10) Tissue K (%) Bowen Pop x Fert YG- 2018
NS CV = 11 %
18 26 34 42
Sufficiency Range = 2-2.5
0.175
0.153
0.130.13
0.165
0.1430.145
0.13
0.1730.163
0.143
0.13
0.178
0.1530.148
0.135
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
May 17 (V10) Tissue Mg (%) Bowen Pop x Fert YG- 2018
P=0.0001 CV = 6 %
18 26 34 42
Sufficiency Range = .13-.3
0.4680.468
0.38
0.4080.4330.4230.425
0.39
0.4630.445
0.423
0.375
0.468
0.4380.425
0.395
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
May 17 (V10) Tissue Ca (%) Bowen Pop x Fert YG- 2018
P= 0.0205 CV = 6 %
18 26 34 42
Sufficiency Range = .25-.5
Fertilizing Cotton with N-P-K by Yield Goal in Georgia
Glen Harris
University of Georgia - Tifton
Prior to 1994, UGA had one N recommendation for one yield goal
60 lb N/a for 750 lb lint/a
RDC Pivot Cotton – 2017
N-P-K Rates by Yield Goal
Yield Goal N-P-K Applied (lb/a)*
750 30-50-80
1000 45-50-90
1250 60-60-90
1500 75-60-100
1750 90-70-110
2000 105-70-120
* Used 5-10-15 as a preplant base for all tretaments
Then adjusted P using 0-46-0 , K using 0-0-60 and N at sidedress with A.N.
Materials & Methods
2017 and 2018
5 Locations : 1) RDC Pivot (Tifton)
2) Sunbelt Expo (Moultrie)
3) Stripling Irrigation Park (Camilla)
4) Lang Farm (Tifton)
5) Attapulgus
All center pivot irrigated and DP 1646
RCBD, 4 Reps, 12 x 30 foot plots, All fertilizer hand applied
6 Yield Goals: “Bale and Half” to “4-Bale”
Standard management including growth regulator
C17-02: RDC Pivot Cotton Yield Goal Study 2017 (Conservation Tillage)
C1
7-0
1
3 B
ord
er R
ow
s
5
67
4
68
3
69
1
70
6
71
2
72
10' Alley
4
61
6
62
2
63
5
64
1
65
3
66
10' Alley
6
55
1
56
4
57
2
58
3
59
5
60
10' Alley
1
49
2
50
3
51
4
52
5
53
6
54
Treatment Key: oz/row middle
Yield Goal 5-10-15 Amidas SD 10-50-0 0-0-60 Total N-P-K
1 750lbs/a 22 0.55 0 0.4 30-50-80
2 1000lbs/a 22 2.2 0 1.1 45-50-90
3 1250lbs/a 22 3.8 0.9 1.1 60-60-90
4 1500lbs/a 22 5.5 0.9 1.8 75-60-100
5 1750lbs/a 22 7.2 1.8 2.6 90-70-110
6 2000lbs/a 22 8.8 1.8 3.3 105-70-120
N-P-K Rates by Yield Goal
Yield Goal N-P-K Applied Increase Cost*
750 30-50-80 ----- ------
1000 45-50-90 15-0-10 $ 9.10
1250 60-60-90 15-10-0 $10.10
1500 75-60-100 15-0-10 $ 9.10
1750 90-70-110 15-10-10 $12.90
2000 105-70-120 15-0-10 $ 9.10
All sites = “Medium” P & K
Used 5-10-15 with minors as a base, then adjusted P with 0-46-0 and K with 0-0-60
N Side dressed with “Amidas” 40-0-0 5.5(S)
* 2017 Fertilizer prices – 42-38-28 (cents/lb N-P2O5-K2O)
Fertilizing Cotton (N-P-K) By Yield Goal - 2017
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
RDC
Expo
Stripling
Lang
Attapulgus
Yield Goal (lb lint/a)
Actual Yield (lb lint/a) Variety = DP 1646
Fertilizing Cotton (N-P-K) By Yield Goal - 2017
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
5 Loc AVG
5 Loc AVG
Yield Goal (lb lint/a)
Actual Yield (lb lint/a) Variety = DP 1646
Fertilizing Cotton (N-P-K) By Yield Goal - 2017
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
5 Loc AVG
5 Loc AVG
Yield Goal (lb lint/a)
Actual Yield (lb lint/a) Variety = DP 1646
187
$130.90
$9.10
+$121.80
11
$7.70
$10.10
-$2.40
167
$116.90
$9.10
+$107.80
106
$74.20
$12.90
+61.30
-18
-$12.60
$9.10
-$21.70
Fertilizing Cotton (N-P-K) By Yield Goal - 2018
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
RDC
Expo
Stripling
Lang
Attapulgus
Yield Goal (lb lint/a)
Actual Yield (lb lint/a) Variety = DP 1646
Fertilizing Cotton (N-P-K) By Yield Goal - 2018
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
4 Loc Avg
4 Loc Avg
Yield Goal (lb lint/a)
Actual Yield (lb lint/a) Variety = DP 1646
Fertilizing Cotton (N-P-K) By Yield Goal - 2018
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
4 Loc Avg
4 Loc Avg
Yield Goal (lb lint/a)
Actual Yield (lb lint/a) Variety = DP 1646
102
$71.40
$9.10
+$62.30
23
$16.10
$10.10
+$6
65
$45.50
$9.10
+$36.40
82
$57.40
$12.90
+$44.50
38
$26.60
$9.10
+$17.50
Fertilizing Cotton (N-P-K) By Yield Goal – 2017+2018
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
9 Loc Avg
9 Loc Avg
Yield Goal (lb lint/a)
Actual Yield (lb lint/a) Variety = DP 1646
144
$100.80
$9.10
+91.70
17
$11.90
$10.10
+$1.80
116
$81.20
$9.10
+$72.10
94
$65.80
$12.90
+$52.90
10
$7
$9.10
+2.10
Conclusions
Despite a wide range in overall yields by location,
saw good response to small increases in N-P-K by yield goal
Cant separate out if the yield response was to due to N,P, K
….or what combination
On average, even when higher yield goal was not reached,
there was enough yield increase to cover the cost of more fertilizer
Sometimes it did not pay to shoot for a yield goal over 3-Bale
…but sometimes it did
Not environmentally sensitive? Not huge increases in fertilizer rates
between “half-bale” steps (15-10-10)