feudal crisis and the origins of the modern world (13501650) i. crisis in europe 1.epidemics...

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Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1. Epidemics (Plague) 2. Climate Change 3. Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture 1. Pressure on Peasants 2. Enclosures 3. Loans In Manufacture Decline of Guilds III. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS The rise of the Modern State

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Page 1: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650)

I. CRISIS IN EUROPE1. Epidemics (Plague)2. Climate Change3. Wars

II. RESPONSEIn Agriculture1. Pressure on Peasants2. Enclosures3. Loans

In Manufacture• Decline of Guilds

III. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

• The rise of the Modern State

Page 2: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Population of Europe(Million)

• 1200 61

• 1300 73

• 1350 51

• 1400 45

• 1450 60

• 1550 78

Page 3: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture
Page 4: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture
Page 5: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Population of Europe(Million)

• 1200 61

• 1300 73

• 1350 51

• 1400 45

• 1450 60

• 1550 78

Page 6: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Black Death by Pieter Bruegel

Page 7: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Death in Tournai, 1349

Page 8: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Plague Doctor with Mask

Page 9: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Flagellants

Constance, Switzerland)

Nuremberg

Tournai (Flanders)

Seventh Seal Ingmar Bergman

Page 10: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Black Death- Burning Jews (1349)

Page 11: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Population of Europe(Million)

• 1200 61

• 1300 73

• 1350 51

• 1400 45

• 1450 60

• 1550 78

Page 12: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650)

I. CRISIS IN EUROPE1. Epidemics (Plague)2. Climate Change3. Wars

II. RESPONSEIn Agriculture1. Pressure on Peasants2. Enclosures3. Loans

In Manufacture• Decline of Guilds

III. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

• The rise of the Modern State

Page 13: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Political TransformationsThe rise of the modern state

• Stages in the emergence of the modern state

• New Institutions

• New economic policies

• New Sources of Legitimacy

• Europe and the world

Page 14: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Two stages

1. The king, feudal lords, the towns, the church seek common solution.

2. Centralized power in monarchies

Page 15: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

New Institutions

• 1. Roman Law• 2. Professional Army

• Hundred Years War (1338-1453)• Religious Wars (1562-1598)• Thirty Year War (1618-1648)• Colonial Wars

• 3. Financing the State• Taxation• Sale of offices• Tax Farming

Page 16: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

A European Army of the Sixteenth Century in Marching Order

Page 17: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture
Page 18: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

Economic policyExternal Using trade as a means for strengthening the state (Mercantilism )

• exports over imports

• no exp of bullion

• seek colonies

• national markets

• navigation laws

• control manufacturing and trade

Internal

Controlling the poor: (Poor Laws)

Page 19: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

New Sources of Legitimacy

Internal (Empire, nation)

International (Westphalia System)

Page 20: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

End of the Feudal Order

• Shift from the Mediterranean to NW Europe

• Stronger States

• Decline of religious authority

• New sources of food, precious metals, raw materials and labor in Americas and Africa

Page 21: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture
Page 22: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

1350-1450

Crisis Ottoman Ming in Europe Empire Dynasty

Page 23: Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture

1450-1650 Europe Middle East Asia Transformation

Econ. Polit. Ottoman Portug. Empire Dutch in

SEA

End of feudal relations, StateExpansion