feudalism and the rise of the church · europe new economic ... feudal lords raise private armies...
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Unit IV
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Term for system of political and social order in Medieval Western Europe New economic pattern
based on land ownership
The manor became the main economic unit.
Feudal system developed
King at top
Lords, vassals, and peasants
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Those who fight: nobles and knights
Those who pray: monks, nuns, leaders of the Church
Those who work: peasants
Social class is usually inherited; Most peasants are serfs—people lawfully bound to place of birth
What they produce belongs to their lord
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Term for economic System of Medieval Europe
Medieval fiefs, include lord’s house, church, workshops, village. It’s a large plot of land Peasants pay taxes to use
mill and bakery; pay a tithe to priest
Serfs live in crowded cottages with dirt floors, straw for beds
Daily grind of raising crops, livestock, feeding and clothing family
Serfs generally accept their lives as part of God’s plan
A depiction of a Medial Fief.
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Leather saddle and stirrups enable knights to handle heavy weapons
In 700s, mounted knights become most important part of an army
By 1000s, western Europe is a battleground of warring nobles
Feudal lords raise private armies of knights
Knights rewarded with land; provides income needed for weapons
Knights’ other activities help train them for combat
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The Code of Chivalry By 1100s, knights obey code
of chivalry—a set of ideals on how to act
They are to protect weak and poor; serve feudal lord, God, chosen lady
Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry Brutal reality of warfare
Castles are huge fortress where lords live
Attacking armies use wide range of strategies and weapons
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Pageantry, The skills of knights shown off, part of a mans commitment to chivalry
A Knight’s Training Boys begin to train for
knighthood at age 7; usually knighted at 21
Knights gain experience in local wars and tournaments—mock battles
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Guilds organization of people in the same occupation
Merchant guilds begin first; they keep prices up, provide security
Guilds set standards for quality, prices, wages, working conditions
Avoided changed in technology
The wealth of guilds influences government and economy
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Trade fairs are held several times a year in towns
Trade routes open to Asia, North Africa, and Byzantine
Merchants develop credit to avoid carrying large sums of money
Merchants play a bigger role in society
Merchants take out loans to purchase goods, and banking grows
Economic changes lead to the growth of cities and of paying jobs
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All medieval Christians expected to obey canon law which governed religious practices
Popes have power over political leaders through threat of
Excommunication—banishment from Church, damnation
Interdiction—king’s subjects denied sacraments and services
Kings and emperors expected to obey pope’s commands
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Church builds monasteries—where monks live to study and serve God
Monks and Nuns vow celibacy and improving the lives of others
Monks establish schools, preserve learning through libraries
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Some Church officials marry even though the Church objects (celibacy)
Some officials practice simony—selling religious offices
Kings use lay investiture to appoint secular bishops
Reformers believe only the Church should appoint bishops
Starting in 1100s, popes reorganize Church like a kingdom
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The King James Bible
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Baptism
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Pope Greg0ory VII bans lay investiture—kings appointing Church officials
Henry IV (Germany) orders pope to resign; Gregory VIII excommunicates Henry
Henry goes to Canossa, Italy, to beg Gregory for forgiveness
Gregory forgives Henry
Concordat of Worms Compromise: pope anoints bishops, emperor can veto appointment