• Feudalism - Step 1– A political system in which kings and powerful

nobles (lords) distributed land to less powerful nobles (vassals).

• Feudalism - Step 1– A political system in which kings and powerful

nobles (lords) distributed land to less powerful nobles (vassals).

•Feudalism - Step 2• In return these nobles promised loyalty, military

assistance, and other services to the more powerful lord above him.

•Feudalism - Step 3• Peasants and serfs living on this land will be protected.

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• FEUDAL RELATIONSHIPS - BETWEEN LORD & VASSAL

1. Honorable relationship Only nobles could be lords/vassals.

2. The same man can be both a lord and a vassal.

3. Very personal relationship Each man owed loyalties and obligations to the lord directly above him, or to the vassal below him.

• FEUDAL RELATIONSHIPS - BETWEEN LORD & VASSAL

1. Honorable relationship Only nobles could be lords/vassals.

2. The same man can be both a lord and a vassal.

3. Very personal relationship Each man owed loyalties and obligations to the lord directly above him, or to the vassal below him.

FEUDALISM FILL IN THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER AS WE GOFEUDALISM FILL IN THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER AS WE GO

• PARTICIPANTS– KINGS

• Description- Still ruled the country, but were weak and

incapable of protecting their people.

• Role in Feudalism- They granted land on their royal estate to

powerful nobles in return for military service.

• PARTICIPANTS– KINGS

• Description- Still ruled the country, but were weak and

incapable of protecting their people.

• Role in Feudalism- They granted land on their royal estate to

powerful nobles in return for military service.

Pay attention to the pictures

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• PARTICIPANTS– LORDS

• Description- Powerful nobles with economic and social superiority. Lived in castles, on land granted to them by the king. Lords acted as the government over their lands.

• Obligation to King- Lords swear loyalty to the king and provide him with military

assistance when needed.

• PARTICIPANTS– LORDS

• Description- Powerful nobles with economic and social superiority. Lived in castles, on land granted to them by the king. Lords acted as the government over their lands.

• Obligation to King- Lords swear loyalty to the king and provide him with military

assistance when needed.

Pay attention to the pictures

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

•PARTICIPANTS–LORDS

•Role in Feudalism- Lords then split up their extra land and grant it to noble vassals below them.

•Obligation to Vassals- Offered protection to vassals Treated vassals as equals Helped organize agriculture and industry

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM• PARICIPANTS

– VASSALS

• Description- Less powerful nobles. Warriors and sometimes knights.

Skilled in war. They received the extra land (fief) from lords.

• Obligations to Lord- Vassals swore an oath of fealty (loyalty) to their lord and

promised him military assistance and other services when needed.

• PARICIPANTS– VASSALS

• Description- Less powerful nobles. Warriors and sometimes knights.

Skilled in war. They received the extra land (fief) from lords.

• Obligations to Lord- Vassals swore an oath of fealty (loyalty) to their lord and

promised him military assistance and other services when needed.

Pay attention to the picturesPay attention to the pictures

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• PARICIPANTS– VASSALS

• Additional Obligations to the Lord-

Provided armor, swords, and cavalry for the Lords army Paid armies while at war Sat in the lord’s court and judged cases Provided lodging to lord when he traveled Offered gifts to lord’s son or daughter Paid ransom if lord was captured

• PARICIPANTS– VASSALS

• Additional Obligations to the Lord-

Provided armor, swords, and cavalry for the Lords army Paid armies while at war Sat in the lord’s court and judged cases Provided lodging to lord when he traveled Offered gifts to lord’s son or daughter Paid ransom if lord was captured

Pay attention to the pictures

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• PARTICIPANTS– VASSALS

• Role in Feudalism- Vassals took the land (fief) granted to them by the

lord and the people already on the land, and established self-sufficient communities.

• Obligations to Peasants & Serfs Provide them with safety and protection.

• PARTICIPANTS– VASSALS

• Role in Feudalism- Vassals took the land (fief) granted to them by the

lord and the people already on the land, and established self-sufficient communities.

• Obligations to Peasants & Serfs Provide them with safety and protection.

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

•PARICIPANTS–PEASANTS & SERFS

•Role in Feudalism- Peasants & Serfs received protection from invaders.

•Obligations to the Vassal (their lord)- Peasants and serfs provided the labor on the Vassals land.

Face of the country

Powerful & Rich

Upper Middle Class

&

Elite Fighters

Poverty Stricken

But kings had little power

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

FeudalismFeudalism

LESSER NOBLES(KNIGHTS)

PROTECTION

POWERFULNOBLES

KING

SERFS AND PEASANTS

LAND ANDPROTECTION

LANDLOYALTY ANDSERVICE

LOYALTY ANDMILITARY SERVICE

LABOR

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• Failure to Fulfill Obligations– Vassals can renounce loyalty if lord;

• Fails to protect vassal• Mistreats vassal• Adds obligations that were not part of the feudal

contract

• Failure to Fulfill Obligations– Vassals can renounce loyalty if lord;

• Fails to protect vassal• Mistreats vassal• Adds obligations that were not part of the feudal

contract

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• Failure to Fulfill Obligations– Lords can also opt out of contract if vassal fails

to meet their obligations.

• Vassals then tried for treachery• Vassals could lose fief or life if guilty

• Failure to Fulfill Obligations– Lords can also opt out of contract if vassal fails

to meet their obligations.

• Vassals then tried for treachery• Vassals could lose fief or life if guilty

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM• Feudal Justice

1. Trial by Battle - Duel

2. Compurgation (oath-taking) - Witnesses

3. Ordeal - Healing ability

• Feudal Justice1. Trial by Battle - Duel

2. Compurgation (oath-taking) - Witnesses

3. Ordeal - Healing ability

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• Warfare– Kingdom vs Kingdom

– Lord vs Lord

– Lord vs Vassal

– Vassal vs Peasants

• Warfare– Kingdom vs Kingdom

– Lord vs Lord

– Lord vs Vassal

– Vassal vs Peasants

There was constant war during the middle ages

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• Warfare– Knights fought for lords

• Highly skilled soldiers from noble families• Charged fee for fighting

– Excepted land as payment

– Warfare brought nobles the opportunity to acquire wealth & glory

• Warfare– Knights fought for lords

• Highly skilled soldiers from noble families• Charged fee for fighting

– Excepted land as payment

– Warfare brought nobles the opportunity to acquire wealth & glory

Early feudal knight “fighting man”

FEUDAL WEAPONSFEUDAL WEAPONS

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• Warfare

– Society suffered

– The Church tried to regulate war• Peace of God• Truce of God

– Enforcement was a problem

• Warfare

– Society suffered

– The Church tried to regulate war• Peace of God• Truce of God

– Enforcement was a problem

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• Chivalry– Code of conduct for knights

• Bravery• Loyalty• Respect• Courtesy and Manners

– Helped improve behavior

– Coats of arms became badges of nobility

• Chivalry– Code of conduct for knights

• Bravery• Loyalty• Respect• Courtesy and Manners

– Helped improve behavior

– Coats of arms became badges of nobility

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• This was the economic system during the Middle Ages.

• Manor - an almost completely self-sufficient community.– Manor house– Church– Pastures– Fields– Mills– Villages

• peasants and serfs

• This was the economic system during the Middle Ages.

• Manor - an almost completely self-sufficient community.– Manor house– Church– Pastures– Fields– Mills– Villages

• peasants and serfs

3 field system -->

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Overview– Manors need to import salt, metals, and iron– The lord keeps 1/3 of the land for himself

• Overview– Manors need to import salt, metals, and iron– The lord keeps 1/3 of the land for himself

Domain

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Overview

– The other 2/3 is rented out to peasants • They work their land and give the lord part of their

crops to pay rent• They pay additional taxes

– Serfs & peasants do all the backbreaking work, in return they are protected by the lord

• Overview

– The other 2/3 is rented out to peasants • They work their land and give the lord part of their

crops to pay rent• They pay additional taxes

– Serfs & peasants do all the backbreaking work, in return they are protected by the lord

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM• Lord / Vassal

– Oversaw production– Provided safety and protection

• Clergy– Handled religious duties

• Administered sacraments

• Lord / Vassal– Oversaw production– Provided safety and protection

• Clergy– Handled religious duties

• Administered sacraments

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Housing

• A Manor Home or an early version castle was home to the lord.

• These early structures were built for defensenot comfort.

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Housing

• A Manor Home or an early version castle was home to the lord.

• These early structures were built for defensenot comfort.

Early Mott Bailey Style Castle

Large stone castles come later in the middle ages

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Clothing

» Bright colors, nice material, and long jackets were a sign of wealth

» Women wore long gowns & headdresses

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Clothing

» Bright colors, nice material, and long jackets were a sign of wealth

» Women wore long gowns & headdresses

Linen tunic Head dress

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM• Life on the Manor - Nobility

– Food• Meat (read meats, pork, poultry)

– Cooked and delivered by servants

• Fresh bread, vegetables and wine

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Food

• Meat (read meats, pork, poultry)– Cooked and delivered by servants

• Fresh bread, vegetables and wine

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Entertainment

• Juggling• Feasts & banquets• Jousting & tournaments• Music

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Entertainment

• Juggling• Feasts & banquets• Jousting & tournaments• Music

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Women

• Many women were educated in etiquette, dance, and music.

» Monitored servants

• Life on the Manor - Nobility– Women

• Many women were educated in etiquette, dance, and music.

» Monitored servants

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor - Clergy– Housing

• Local priests lived in small homes next to the church

• Life on the Manor - Clergy– Housing

• Local priests lived in small homes next to the church

ClothingPriests wore blackBishops wore white, red, gold

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Backbone of the manor– Skilled Peasants

• Free people who could rent land from their lord

– Paid rent in the form of labor & taxes

• Millers, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, and Stonemasons

– Repaired and built buildings, roads, and villages

– Made armor, weapons, furniture • Worked long days, 6 days a week

• Backbone of the manor– Skilled Peasants

• Free people who could rent land from their lord

– Paid rent in the form of labor & taxes

• Millers, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, and Stonemasons

– Repaired and built buildings, roads, and villages

– Made armor, weapons, furniture • Worked long days, 6 days a week

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Backbone of the manor– Additional Requirements of

Peasants•Plowed fields•Planted grains & vegetables in the

fields•Harvested agricultural products

• Backbone of the manor– Additional Requirements of

Peasants•Plowed fields•Planted grains & vegetables in the

fields•Harvested agricultural products

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Backbone of the manor– Serfs

• Bound to the land• Restrictions to freedom• Produced food for the manor• Provided labor intense work in the

fields & cared for livestock• Terrible living conditions• Worked long days, 6 days a week

• Backbone of the manor– Serfs

• Bound to the land• Restrictions to freedom• Produced food for the manor• Provided labor intense work in the

fields & cared for livestock• Terrible living conditions• Worked long days, 6 days a week

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM A typical day in the life of a serf

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM A typical day in the life of a serf

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs– Housing

» Dirty, muddy, smoky, cold, damp» One room shared by family & livestock» Mud floors, leaky thatch roofs

• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs– Housing

» Dirty, muddy, smoky, cold, damp» One room shared by family & livestock» Mud floors, leaky thatch roofs

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs– Clothing

• Cheap tunics made from wool or sheepskin• Long wool dresses• Rope belts Serfs wore “Dog Tag

s”

• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs– Clothing

• Cheap tunics made from wool or sheepskin• Long wool dresses• Rope belts Serfs wore “Dog Tag

s”

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs

– Food– Dark bread made out of rye grain.– They ate stew with vegetables from garden in it. – Peasants did not eat much meat.

» They could hunt rabbits or hares but might be punished for this by their lord.

» And Beer….

• Life on the Manor - Peasants & Serfs

– Food– Dark bread made out of rye grain.– They ate stew with vegetables from garden in it. – Peasants did not eat much meat.

» They could hunt rabbits or hares but might be punished for this by their lord.

» And Beer….

THE MANORIAL SYSTEMTHE MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Life on the Manor – Peasants & Serfs– Entertainment

• Village Festivals• Traveling Troubadours• Story Telling• Drinking

• Life on the Manor – Peasants & Serfs– Entertainment

• Village Festivals• Traveling Troubadours• Story Telling• Drinking

MANORIALISMMANORIALISM

• Life on the Manor – Peasants & Serfs– Women

• Livestock• Clothes making• Baking• Cared for children

• Life on the Manor – Peasants & Serfs– Women

• Livestock• Clothes making• Baking• Cared for children

PEASANT & SERF COMPARISONVENN DIAGRAM

PEASANT & SERF COMPARISONVENN DIAGRAM

Peasants Serfs

BothNot bound to land - Free they could leave manor

Could rent land Paid rent in labor & taxesSkilled in different trades

Worked for lordReceived protection

Lived in village

Bound to landNo freedom Couldn’t leave or marry without approval

If land was sold, serfs stayedWore “dog tags”

PEASANT & SERF COMPARISONVENN DIAGRAM

PEASANT & SERF COMPARISONVENN DIAGRAM

Peasants Serfs

Both