middle ages- a period of isolation feudalism: in return for land and protection from invasion,...
TRANSCRIPT
Middle Ages- A Period of Isolation
• Feudalism: In return for land and protection from invasion, nobles pledged their loyalty and assistance to the rulers
• Crusades: Holy wars between Christians and Muslims– Result: increased Europe’s awareness of
outside world and accelerated exploration
Growth of Cities & The Rise of Monarchs
Impact was to:
* create a new middle class [bourgeoisie]
* boost economy
* bring an end to Feudalism
Bourgeoisie demanded more Freedom
* Magna Carta
The Black Death
• 1/3 of Europe’s Population
• Loss of Religious faith, doubting of church
• Look to science to explain the world
THE RENAISSANCE
Art, Literature, Philosophy,Science, Political Thought
• Known as the “Period of Rebirth”
• Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press {books could be printed quickly, thus spreading ideas far and wide}
• Printing Press helped Martin Luther == Protestant Reformation – people began thinking of themselves as more of a Nation
Rise in Seafaring Technology
• Competition among European NationsPortugal vs. Spain / England vs. France
• Asia/Africa trade controlled by Muslim trading empires and Italian city states
• Nations-states looking for an all sea-route to avoid high costs
• New Technology making sea travel possible
Prince Henry the Navigator
• What were his major contributions to exploration that made Portuguese sailors cutting edge?
Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
Columbus’ VoyagesSpanish Conquests Generally
Reasons
ReligiousPolitical
Economic Personal
The Three
G’s
Positive and Negative Effectsof Columbus’ Voyages
• Columbian Exchange• Eastern and Western
Hemisphere • Increased
colonization• Changes in gov’t,
science, religion
• Enslavement of people
• Disregard for culture• Destruction of Native
American civilizations• Diseases like small
pox, typhus, measles
• De Las Casas
Magellan’s Route
Global Voyages of Exploration
The Hunt for “El Dorado”
Fernando CortesFernando CortesFernando CortesFernando Cortes
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II
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Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa
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The Three G’s: Gold (Silver)
Spanish Conquest & Spanish Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Spanish Conquest & Spanish Conquest & ColonizationColonization
ConquistadoresPresidios
Mission
s
EncomiendaSystem
The Middle Passage
8-12 million involved during its time
The Scramble for Empire
What are England and France doing at the time?
• Northwest Passage – Western route above the North American continent in the Artic Sea area to get to Asia
• The French and Dutch only set up temporary colonies as trading posts
• Only setting up temporary colonies at this time because own country is in political turmoil, not permanent ones.
A Growing Divide
• During Reformation, Spain remains Catholic while England switches to Protestant back to Catholic, back to Protestant
• Vying for Religious and Political Dominance
King Henry VIII – 1509-1547
Henry’s wives
Henry’s Surviving Children
The Elizabethian Era
• Encourages & Sponsors numerous Explorations• Openly Protestant – growing conflict/competition
with Spain• Holds out war with France/Spain for 25 years by
holding out for marriage – Virgin Queen• 1570 – Cold war with Spain after Pope issues
decree absolving English Catholics from obedience to Elizabeth
War with Spain
• Sir Francis Drake – Queen’s Sea Dogs– Circumnavigated globe– Explored as far as CA– Pillaged Spanish treasure ship, Cacafuego –
Emeralds of Queen’s crown
• Burned Spanish towns, looted Catholic churches• Queen Elizabeth knighted him in 1581 – open
act of defiance against Spain• 1588, Spain (financed by Pope) assembled 130
ships, 30,000 men
England Takes Over
• Spanish Armada --- poor leadership, too big, less maneuverable
• English ships – smaller, faster• Massive storms wrecked Armada
• Victory by England broke Spain’s sea power• Long Term Issues: Inflation, Piracy, Mercantilism
Population• English dominance over the seas = more freedom, more
colonization
England’s Reasons
Military
Economic Population
Roanoke – The Lost Colony
• 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh – New Foundland to
Florida - Virginia• 1585-87 – Raleigh’s 2 attempts
– 2nd attempt: John White established colony, returns to England to get more supplies
– Return delayed – War with Spain
• 1590, White returns to Roanoke – Vanished w/o trace - Croatoan
England tries Again
• 25 years passed before England attempted colonization again
• The Charter of 1606, issued by King James I – Jamestown settlement– Joint stock company- How does it work?– 100 men recruited by London company– Many difficulties – Survival is uncertain