AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

Aid in the management and European comparisonof Municipal Solid WASte Treatment methods

for a global and sustainable approach

Fifth Framework Program

University of Stuttgart

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 : Energy aspectsof municipal solid waste treatments

Claire LECOINTE, Charlotte BARBUT

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Introduction

2 achieved deliverables :Deliverable 3 : Comparable energy data for the

different channels and for the contractor countriesDeliverable 4 : Energy models

No models for :Energy consumption for every channelEnergy production for anaerobic digestion (but the model for landfill can be adapted)

Presentation of our work on incineration and landfill

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Financial statements

Most of the cost is personal cost

Personal hours on project Contract Statement

2001 500 930

2002 850 ~ 1700

2003 1000 ~ 1600

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Incineration : State of the art

For one ton of waste incinerated in a grate furnace

Energy recovery : electricity

Energy recovery : heat

Energy recovery : electricity + heat

Energy production 350 to 500 kWhe about 1000 kWhth

about 150 kWhe and 885 kWhth

Energy consumption

10 to 30 kWhth of fuel and 65 to 80 kWhe including :

25 kWhe for flue gas dry or semi-humid cleaning system

30 to 40 kWhe for flue gas humid cleaning system

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Incineration : Model

1 kWhe 1 kWhth

Exergy = part of the energy which can be used to provide mechanical work

Electricity = pure exergy

For heat : Ex = Q * (1-T0/T) with T0 : reference temperature

T : temperature of Q

Q : calorific energy

For incinerated waste : Ex = LHV * (1- T0/Tcomb) with

LHV : Low Heating Value ; Tcomb : combustion temperature

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Incineration : Results (Orléans)EX

ER

GY

EN

ER

GY

All percentages are compared with waste LHV

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Landfill : State of the art

Type of production

during 50 years

Part of

theoretical production

Quantity of biogas

(m3/t MSW)

Potential production 100% 330

Real production 70% 230

Accessible production 56% 180

Extractable production 34-39% 110-130In practice, landfill gas is recoverable during 15 years. We consider an extractable production of 60 m3/t MSW.

Natural production

without extraction

Forced production

with extraction

CH4 (% vol.) 50-58 30-55

CO2 (% vol.) 25-34 22-33

N2 (% vol.) 2-18 6-26

O2 (% vol.) 0-1 2-8

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Landfill : Modelbiogas

production

>20% CH4

>100 m3/h

>40% CH4

>400 m3/h

heat production

electricity production

burner, furnace or boiler

biogas engine

boiler + steam turbine

<1 MWe

(~700 m3/h)

>1 MWe

(700 to 800 m3/h

with LHV = 5 kWh/Nm3)

if

if

then then

with then then

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Landfill : Results (Orléans)124 000 tons/year MSW with 150 kg of organic carbon per ton

In 2002, collection of 4 700 400 Nm3 of landfill gas with 55,8% CH4, 34,2 % CO2, 10% air

19 975

16 530

759 630

8 224

5 942

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

landfill gas LHV landfill gas exergy waste LHV waste exergy

kJ/Nm3 landfill gas kJ/kg waste

incinerationlandfill

kJ/Nm3 landfill gas kJ/kg landfilled waste kJ/kg incinerated waste

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

WP2 Conclusion

1. The technology of incineration is well managed regarding the energy efficiency.

2. If we used an anaerobic digestion plant to produce biogas :• Biogas production optimized• Energy recovery more efficient (ratio exergy/energy

higher for biogas than for solid waste)• Compost production

3. Model for anaerobic digestion doesn’t exist. But data were collected for deliverable 3.

To discuss : the status of incineration.Waste elimination or energy recovery ?