fig. Ⅰ-0-0-1 major military2 forces in the asia-pacific

Russian

Far East

80,000 troops (12) 240 vessels－550,000 tons

330 aircraft

China

1,600,000 troops (123)

10,000 marines

970 vessels－1,469,000 tons

2,580 aircraft

North

Korea

ROK

1,000,000 troops (27) 650 vessels－103,000 tons

600 aircraft

520,000 troops (50)

27,000 marines (3)

190 vessels－193,000 tons

620 aircraft

U.S. Forces in the ROK

19,000 troops (5)

60 aircraft

Taiwan

200,000 troops (45)

15,000 marines


510 aircraft

Japan

140,000 troops (15)


410 aircraft

U.S. Forces in Japan

21,000 troops (1)

150 aircraft

U.S. 7th Fleet

20 vessels－

334,000 tons

50 (carrier-based)

aircraft

Notes

1.Source: “The military Balance 2013” published by the U.S. Department of Defense, and others.

2.Figures for Japan, as of the end of 2012, indicate the strength of each SDF; the number of combat aircraft is the sum of ASDF aircraft

(excluding transport aircraft) and MSDF aircraft (fixed-wing aircraft only).

3.Figures of U.S. ground forces in Japan and the ROK are those of Army and Marine Corps personnel combined.

4.Combat aircraft include Navy and Marine aircraft.

5.Figures in parentheses show the total number of central units, such as divisions and brigades. Only divisions are included in North Korea.

Military police are included in Taiwan.

6.The number of the U.S. 7th Fleet vessels and aircraft indicates those which are forward-deployed in Japan and Guam.

Legend

Ground forces

(200,000 troops)

Naval vessels

(200,000 tons)

Combat aircraft

(500 aircraft)

The United States Geological Survey: GTOPO30; and the United States

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: ETOPO1

Fig. Ⅰ-0-0-1 Major Military2 Forces in the Asia-Pacific Region (Approximate Strength)

(Base budget: $1 billion)

(FY)

FY2012 budget request

FY2013 budget request

In case of continued mandatory reduction (projection)

2012 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

(1) Approx. 487 billion dollar reduction (2) Approx. 500 billion dollar reduction

Created based on the FY2012 and the FY2013 budget requests of the U.S. DOD.

Fig. Ⅰ-1-1-1 The Impact of Mandatory Reduction of Government Expenditure on Defense

Budget

(1)

(2)

Defense expenditures ($1 million)

Year on year growth rate (%)

Notes: Expenses are shown in the Department of Defense Budget

based on Historical Tables, Budget of the United States

Government, FY2014; the amount for FY2013 is an

estimate.

(FY)

Fig. Ⅰ-1-1-2 Change in the U.S. Defense Budget

European Region

Army: approx. 35,000 personnel

Navy: approx. 6,000 personnel

Air Force: approx. 30,000 personnel

Marines: approx. 1,000 personnel

Total: approx. 72,000 personnel (Total in 1987: approx. 354,000

personnel)

U.S. Forces





Total: approx. 1,373,000

personnel (Total in 1987: approx. 2,170,000 personnel)

Asia-Pacific Region





Total: approx. 109,000 personnel (Total in 1987: approx. 184,000

personnel)

Approx. 77,000 personnel are deployed in Afghanistan and its surroundings

Notes:

1. Source: Documents published by the U.S. Department of Defense (as of December 31, 2012) and others.

2. The number of personnel deployed in Asia-Pacific Region includes personnel deployed in Hawaii and Guam.

Fig. Ⅰ-1-1-3 U.S. Forces Deployment Status and the Recent Trend of the U.S. Forces in the

Asia-Pacific Region

[Republic of Korea] •Maintaining around 28,500U.S. troops stationed in Republic of Korea

[Taiwan]

•Plan to upgrade F-16s Taiwan currently

owns (announced in September 2011)

[Singapore] •Rotational deployment of littoral combat ships (LCS)

(Announced in June 2011. A broad agreement reached with the Government of Singapore in June 2012. First ship started rotation in April 2013.)

[Indonesia] •Transfer of 24 F-16s (announced in November 2011)

* Map created by the United States Geological Survey

Darwin

[Philippines]

•Transfer of U.S. Coast Guard cutters

(August 2011, May 2012)

Guam

Okinawa

[Japan] •Deployment of F-22 and MV-22 Ospreys •Relocation of III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) and ground troops from Okinawa to Guam and Hawaii, etc

* Deployment of F-35 in Iwakuni in 2017 (the Marines’ plan)

[Guam] • Rotational deployment of submarines • Rotational deployment of bombers • Development of unmanned reconnaissance

aircraft (RQ-4) • Relocation of home port for a carrier from the

Atlantic Ocean side to the Pacific Ocean side (San Diego, April 2010)

[Australia] At the November 2011 U.S.-Australia Summit Conference, an agreement was

reached on the following initiatives: •Rotational deployment of the Marines to the northern Australia •Increased rotational deployment of U.S. Air Force aircraft to the northern Australia

• Relocation of home port for a carrier from the Atlantic Ocean side to the Pacific Ocean side (San Diego, April 2010)

Hawaii

(Reference) Number of Marine Corps troops in the Asia-Pacific Region Total: Approx. 25,600 Australia: 28

Hawaii: 6,579 Republic of Korea: 250

Guam: 183 Philippines: 103

Japan: 18,408 Thailand: 38

Singapore: 17 Source: Document published by the U.S. Department of Defense (as of December 31,

2012), and the Military Balance 2013

Orang

Teoksan Chaho

Mayangdo

Taejo

Kaechon

Pyongyang Chunghwa

Nampo Hwangju

Sagot

Uijongbu Mukho

Seoul Suwon

Pyongteak Osan

Kunsan

Kwangju

Mokpo

Taegu

Busan

Chinhae

General Staff Office

Navy Headquarters

Capital Defense Headquarters

Air Force Headquarters

U.N. Command Headquarters

U.S.–ROK Combined Forces

Command Headquarters

Headquarters of U.S. Forces

Korea

U.S. 2nd Infantry Division

U.S. 7th Air Force Headquarters

North Korea ROK U.S. Forces in Korea

Total armed forces Approx. 1.2 million personnel Approx. 660,000 personnel Approx. 29,000 personnel

Arm

y Ground troops Approx. 1.02 million personnel Approx. 520,000 personnel Approx. 19,000 personnel

Tanks T-62, T-54/-55, etc.

Approx. 3,500

M-48, K-1, T-80 etc.

Approx. 2,400 M-1

Nav

y

Naval vessels Approx. 650; 103,000 tons Approx. 190; 193,000 tons Supporting corps only

Destroyers

Frigates

Submarines

3

20

11

9

12

Marines Approx. 27,000 personnel

Air

For

ce Combat aircraft Approx. 600 Approx. 600 Approx. 60

3rd and 4th

generation fighter aircraft

Mig-23×56

Mig-29×18

Su-25×34

F-4×70

F-16×164

F-15×60

F-16×40

Ref

eren

ce Population Approx. 24.6 million Approx. 48.9 million

Term of Service

Army: 5–12 years

Navy: 5–10 years

Air Force: 3–4 years

Army: 21 months

Navy: 23 months

Air Force: 24 months

Notes: The Military Balance 2013, etc.

Fig. Ⅰ-1-2-1 Military Confrontation on the Korean Peninsula

Approx. 0959i – 1001i Approx. 0949i

Missile launch

North

Korea

Distance from

Tongch‘ang-ri

district

Possible 1st Stage

Propelling Device Danger Area Danger Area Danger Area

Approx. 0958i

Approx. 460km

Possible Fairing

Approx. 1003i

Approx. 690km

Approx. 430km Approx. 500km

Japanese Territory

Approx. 2,600km

(Estimated) North Korea put an

object(※) into orbit (inclination of approx. 97 degrees)

※ It is assessed that the object does not

function as a satellite

Object including Possible 3rd Stage Propelling Device

Possible 2nd Stage Propelling Device

Approx. 1009i

Fig. Ⅰ-1-2-2 Launch of the Missile, which North Korea Called “Satellite” on December 12, 2012

0 750 1,500375Km

Tongch’ang-ri

distarict

Possible 2nd Stage Propelling Device

Object including Possible 3rd Stage Propelling Device

Possible Fairing

Possible 1st Stage Propelling Device

(Estimated) North Korea put an object(※) into orbit (inclination of approx. 97 degrees)

※ It is assessed that the object

does not

function as a

satellite

Danger Area

Danger Area

Danger Area

The United States Geological Survey: GTOPO30; and the United

States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: ETOPO1

Taepodong-2 (Approx. 6,000km)

(Variant: Approx. 10,000km+)

Musudan (Approx. 2,500–

4,000km)

Taepodong-1 (Approx. 1,500km+)

Nodong (Approx. 1,300km)

Tongch'ang-ri

Taepodong

New York

Washington, D.C.

Chicago

Denver

Anchorage San Francisco

Los Angeles

Hawaii

Beijing Pyongyang

Tokyo

Okinawa

Guam

*The figure above shows a rough image of the distance each missile can reach from Pyongyang for the sake of convenience.

The United States Geological Survey: GTOPO30

Fig. Ⅰ-1-2-3 Range of North Korean Ballistic Missiles

Defense Budget (100 million won)

Year-on- year growth rate (%) (100 million won)

(FY)

(Notes)

1. ROK Defense White Paper 2012 for FY2009 to 2012.

2. Press release from the Ministry of National Defense for FY2013.

Fig. Ⅰ-1-2-4 Change in the ROK’s Defense Budget

(100 million yuan)

Defense Budget (in 100 million yuan) Year-on- year growth rate (%)

(FY)

Notes: The total defense budgets for FY2002 and FY2004 were not disclosed, and only the growth rates and the

amount of increase for the two fiscal years were disclosed. Though we tried to calculate the total defense

budgets for the two fiscal years based on the growth rates and the amount of increase in combination with

the initial defense budgets of the previous years, we found the numbers we got as a result of the calculation

to be inconsistent with the numbers China disclosed the following year. Therefore, this graph uses 168.4

billion yuan and 210 billion yuan for FY2002 and FY2004, respectively. These are calculated on the

assumption that the disclosed growth rates and the amount of increase are based on the actual defense

expenditures for FY2001 and FY2003.

Fig. Ⅰ-1-3-1 Change in China’s Announced Defense Budget

Washington, D.C.

London

San Francisco North Pole

Moscow

Hawaii Beijing

New Delhi Guam

Jakarta

Canberra

Maximum range of DF-21, DF-21A/B/C

Maximum range of DF-3, DF-3A

Maximum range of DF-4



Fig. Ⅰ-1-3-2 Range of Ballistic Missiles from China (Beijing)

Beijing Military Region

(Headquarters: Beijing)

Lanzhou Military Region

(Headquarters: Lanzhou)

Chengdu Military Region

(Headquarters: Chengdu)

Guangzhou Military Region

(Headquarters: Guangzhou)

Jinan Military Region

(Headquarters: Jinan)

Shenyang Military Region

(Headquarters: Shenyang)

North Sea Fleet

(Headquarters:

Qingdao)

East Sea Fleet

(Headquarters: Ningbo)

Nanjing Military Region

(Headquarters: Nanjing)

South Sea Fleet

(Headquarters: Zhanjiang)

Notes: Army and Air Force Military Regions are

identical.

A Group Army consists of several

divisions and brigades and has tens of thousands of personnel.

Military Region

headquarters

Fleet

headquarters

Group Army (Army)

headquarters

Airborne Corps (Air

Force) headquarters

China Taiwan (Reference)

Total military forces Approx. 2.3 million troops Approx. 290,000 troops

Ground

forces

Group troops Approx. 1.6 million troops Approx. 200,000 troops

Tanks Type-98A/99, Type-96/A, Type-88A/B and others Approx. 8,200 vehicles

M-60, M-48A/H and others

Approx. 1,420 vehicles

Maritime

forces

Warships Approx. 970 vessels/ 1.469 million tons Approx. 360 vessels/ 217,000 tons

Destroyers & frigates Approx. 80 vessels Approx. 30 vessels

Submarines Approx. 60 vessels 4 vessels

Marines Approx. 10,000 troops Approx. 15,000 troops

Air

forces

Combat aircraft Approx. 2,580 aircraft Approx. 510 aircraft

Modern

fighters aircraft

J-10×268

Su-27/J-11×308

Su-30×97

(Fourth-generation fighters×673)

Mirage 2000×57

F-16×146

F-CK-1 (IDF) ×128

(Fourth-generation fighters×331)

Reference Population Approx. 1.347 billion Approx. 23 million

Term of service 2 years 1 year

Source: The Military Balance 2013 and others.

Fig. Ⅰ-1-3-3 Deployment and Strength of the People’s Liberation Army

April 2010: 10 vessels including Kilo-class submarines and

Sovremenny-class destroyers sailed through the waters off

the west coast of Okinotori Island （④）

June 2009: Five vessels including a Luzhou-class

destroyer sailed through the waters off the northeast

coast of Okinotori Island （②）

October 2008: Four vessels including a Sovremenny-

class destroyer sailed through the Tsugaru Strait (the

first identified passage by Chinese surface combat

ships) before circling Japan

January 19, 2013:

A Jiangkai-I class frigate is suspected

to have directed fire-control radar at a

helicopter based on the JMSDF

destroyer in the East China Sea.

January 30, 2013:

A Jiangwei-II class frigate directed

fire-control radar at a JMSDF

destroyer （⑬）

April 2012: Three vessels including Jiangkai-II class frigates

sailed through the Osumi Strait to the Pacific Ocean （⑧）

June 2012: Three vessels including a Luzhou-class destroyer

sailed through the Osumi Strait to the Pacific Ocean （⑩）

Around the Senkaku Islands Since December 2008: Chinese law enforcement agencies’ ships have intruded into Japan’s territorial waters. Since September 2012: The ships mentioned above have frequently intruded into Japan’s territorial waters. December 2012: A fixed-wing aircraft of the State Oceanic Administration violated Japan’s territorial air space for the first time.

The following Chinese Navy vessels sailed to the Pacific Ocean: November 2008: Four vessels including a Luzhou-class destroyer （①） June 2009: Five vessels including a Luzhou-class destroyer March 2010: Six vessels including a Luzhou-class destroyer （③） July 2010: Two vessels including a Luzhou-class destroyer

June 2011: 11 vessels including Sovremenny-class destroyers （⑤） November 2011: Six vessels including a Luzhou-class destroyer （⑥） February 2012: Four vessels including a Jiangkai-II-class frigate （⑦） October 2012: Seven vessels including a Luzhou-class destroyer November 2012: Four vessels including Sovremenny-class destroyers （⑫） January 2013: Three vessels including Jiangkai-II-class frigates May 2013: Three vessels including a Jiangkai-II-class frigate

May 2012: Five vessels including Luyang-I-class destroyers sailed to the Pacific Ocean （⑨） March 2013: Four vessels including a Luyang-II-class destroyer sailed to the Pacific Ocean

From April to June 2012: Standoff between

Chinese government ships and Philippine naval

and coastguard vessels

October 2012: Four vessels including a Luzhou-class

destroyer sailed northward （⑪）

December 2012: Four vessels including Sovremenny-

class destroyers sailed northeastward

May 2013: Two vessels including a Jiangwei-II-class

frigate sailed southeastward

May 2011: A vessel of China’s

State Oceanic Administration cut

an investigation cable towed by a

Vietnamese resource exploration

vessel

Guam

Okinotori Island

Tokyo Okinawa

South China Sea

Sea of Japan

East China Sea Taipei

Ningbo Zhanjiang

Qingdao

Beijing

Advancements to the Pacific Ocean by Chinese naval vessels have been confirmed every year since 2008. Their main characterist ics are as follows (the following numbers

correspond to those in the figure above):

①A state-of-the-art Luzhou-class destroyer was confirmed for the first time.

②A ship-based helicopter flight was confirmed in waters approximately 260km northeast of Okinotori Island.

③It is reported that, after the naval unit advanced into the Pacific Ocean, it passed through the Bashi Channel into the South China Sea, sailed around the Spratly islands, and

conducted a military exercise in waters near the Paracel Islands.

④A part of the naval unit conducted an exercise in waters in the middle of the East China Sea before advancing into the Pacific Ocean. At that time, a ship-based helicopter flew

close to Japan’s destroyer Suzunami, which was conducting surveillance activities. At its closest, the helicopter was about 90m away horizontally and about 30m above the ship.

Because this was very dangerous from the perspective of the safe navigation of the ship, Japan approached the Chinese Government through a diplomatic channel with a request

to ascertain the facts of the matter. Subsequently, a ship-based helicopter approached and flew around Japan’s destroyer Asayuki, which was conducting surveillance with regard

to these vessels in the Pacific Ocean. At its closest, the helicopter was about 90m away horizontally and about 50m above the ship. Because this kind of incident occurred again,

which was dangerous from the perspective of the safe navigation of the ship, Japan filed a protest against the Chinese Government through a diplomatic channel.

⑤A reconnaissance ship was confirmed to be accompanying a naval unit for the first time. As well as conducting a targeting exerc ise in waters approximately 450km southwest of

Okinotori Island, the naval unit conducted drills involving unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ship-based helicopter flights. Drills involving UAV takeoff from and landing on a frigate,

helicopter takeoff from and landing on a vessel, and night training at sea were confirmed for the first time.

⑥Five naval vessels in the naval unit conducted drills involving ship-based helicopter flights and mid-ocean refueling in waters approximately 900km southwest of Okinotori Island.

⑦The naval unit conducted drills involving ship-based helicopter flights and mid-ocean refueling in waters approximately 900km southwest of Okinotori Island.

⑧Chinese naval vessels had been confirmed to have passed through the Osumi Strait for the first time since a Ming-class submarine sailed west through the strait in November

2003. These vessels conducted UAV flight drills in waters approximately 700km east of Okinotori Island.

⑨A Luyang-I-class destroyer and a Yuzhao-class landing ship were confirmed for the first time. The naval unit conducted drills involving ship-based helicopter flights and formation

movements in waters southwest of the main island of Okinawa.

⑩The naval unit conducted drills involving ship-based helicopter flights in waters approximately 900km north of Okinotori Island and mid-ocean refueling in waters approximately

600km southwest of Okinotorishima.

⑪A fleet was confirmed navigating northward the sea area between the Yonakuni Island and the Nakanougan Island. The fleet passed the geographic median line at

approximately 80km southeast of Uotsuri Island.

⑫The fleet conducted ship-based helicopter flight training and mid-ocean refueling in waters approximately 550km southwest of Okinotori Island.

⑬Japan filed a protest against the Chinese Government through a diplomatic channel, in which Japan stated that directing such a radar is a dangerous act that could create a

contingency situation, expressed regret, and pressed Beijing to prevent the recurrence of such an act.

Pacific Ocean

Fig. Ⅰ-1-3-4 Recent Chinese Activities in Waters near Japan

The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: ETOPO1

Defense Budget (100 million Taiwan dollars)

Year-on-year growth rate (%)

(FY)

Source: National Defense Reports of the Ministry of Defense of Taiwan, etc.

Fig. Ⅰ-1-3-5 Changes in Taiwan’s Defense Budget

China (Su-27/J-11, Su-30, J-10)

Taiwan (Ching-kuo, F-16, Mirage2000) (Number of Aircraft)

(Year)

Source: Military Balance (of respective year)

Fig. Ⅰ-1-3-6 Changes in Modern Fighter Aircraft of China and Taiwan

Defense Budget (100 million rubles)

Year-on- year growth rate (%) (100 million rubles)

(FY)

Notes: Official figures announced by the Russian Government

Fig. Ⅰ-1-4-1 Change in Russia’s Defense Budget

Baltic Fleet

Kaliningrad

Black Sea Fleet

Sevastopol (in

Ukraine)

Caspian Flotilla

Astrakhan

Northern Fleet

Severomorsk

Pacific Fleet

Vladivostok

Western Military District (Western Joint Strategic Command)

(HQ: Saint Petersburg)

Central Military District (Central Joint Strategic Command)

(HQ: Yekaterinburg)

Southern Military District (Southern Joint Strategic Command)

(HQ: Rostov-on-Don)

Eastern Military District (Eastern Joint Strategic Command)

(HQ: Khabarovsk)

The United States Geological Survey: GTOPO30; and the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center: ETOP01

Russia

Total military forces Approx. 850,000 troops

Ground

forces

Ground troops Approx. 290,000 troops

Tanks

T-90, T-80, T-72, etc. Approx. 2,800

(Not including mothballed tanks.

Approx. 20,800 including mothballed tanks)

Maritime

forces

Warships Approx. 980 vessels Approx. 2,040,000 tons

Aircraft carriers 1 vessel

Cruisers 5 vessels

Destroyers 15 vessels

Frigates 29 vessels

Submarines 63 vessels

Marines Approx. 9,500 troops

Air

forces

Combat aircraft Approx. 1,630 aircraft

Modern fighter

aircraft

(4th generation fighter aircraft: Total 1,177) 224 MiG-29 aircraft 4 Su-30 aircraft 200 MiG-31 aircraft 18 Su-33 aircraft 220 Su-25 aircraft 20 Su-34 aircraft

299 Su-27 aircraft 6 Su-35 aircraft

(4th generation fighter aircraft: Total 991)

Bombers

16 Tu-160 aircraft

63 Tu-95 aircraft

105 Tu-22 aircraft

Reference Population Approx. 142,52 million

Term of service 1 year (In addition to conscription, there is a contract service system)

Source: The Military Balance 2013 and others

Fig. Ⅰ-1-4-2 Location and Strength of Russian Military

(Times)

(FY) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fig. Ⅰ-1-4-3 Changes in the Number of Scrambles against Russian Aircraft

China

ROK

Ground forces

1.6 million troops Combat aircraft

2,580 aircraft

Vessels

1.469 million

tons

National Defense

Budget

approx. U.S.$ 96.3 bn

(650.3 billion yuan)

Ground forces

522,000 troops Combat

aircraft

620 aircraft

Vessels

193,000 tons

National Defense Budget


(31.4031 trillion won)

All of Southeast Asia

Ground forces

1.655 million troops Combat

aircraft

820 aircraft

Vessels

645,000

tons

National Defense Budget


Japan

Ground forces

140,000 troops

Combat aircraft

410 aircraft

Vessels

452,000 tons

(143 vessels)

National Defense

Budget approx.

U.S.$ 57.3bn

(4.6453 trillion yen)

Notes:

1. Source: The Military Balance 2013 and others. The size of each block indicates relative size using Japan as the base size.

2. For Japan, the force strength shows the actual strength of each Self-Defense Force as of the end of FY2011; the number of

combat aircraft is the sum of the number of combat aircraft of the ASDF (excluding transport aircraft) and that of the MSDF (fixed-

wing aircraft only).

The Japanese national defense budget is the initial budget excluding the cost of the SACO and the reduction of the local burden

among the U.S. forces realignment costs.

3. The national defense budget of China is from the Finance Minister’s Budget Report to the National People’s congress in 2012.

4. The national defense budget of the ROK is from the ROK National Defense White Paper 2012.

5. The national defense budget of China and the ROK is expressed in U.S. dollars and is calculated using the FY2012 Ministry of

Finance exchange rates of 81 yen to 1 dollar, 12 yen to 1 yuan, and 73 yen to 1,000 won.

6. The Japanese national defense budget is expressed in U.S. dollars converting 2012 figures using the FY2012 Ministry of Finance

exchange rate of 81 yen to 1 dollar.

Fig. Ⅰ-1-5-1 Comparison of Forces Strength and Defense Budget between Southeast Asia and

Japan/China/ROK 2012

Pakistan

India

Approx. 550,000 troops

Approx. 50 vessels Approx. 96,000 tons

Approx. 440 aircraft

Approx. 1.13 million troops

Approx. 200 vessels Approx. 460,000 tons

Approx. 930 aircraft

[Legend:]

Ground forces (200,000 troops) Naval vessels (100,000 tons) Combat aircraft (200 aircraft)

Notes: 1. Figures based on the Military Balance 2013, etc. 2. Combat aircraft include naval aircraft.

The United States Geological Survey: GTOPO30;

and the United States National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration: ETOP01

Fig. Ⅰ-1-6-1 Military Forces of India and Pakistan (approximate)

Algeria Libya

Mali

Nigeria

Lebanon

Palestine

Syria

Iraq

Yemen

Somalia

Afghanistan

Pakistan

Al-Qa'ida in the Islamic

Maghreb (AQIM) Nusra Front

Hizballah

Hamas

Al-Qa'ida in Iraq

(AQI) Taliban Al-Qa'ida

Tenrik-e Taliban Pakistan

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian

Peninsula (AQAP)

Al-Shabaab

Boko Haram Ansaral Dine

Al-Qaeda-related groups

Groups whose relation with Al-Qaeda has been pointed out

Other Islamic radical terrorist groups

Nations where terrorist groups are believed to have their bases Source: Created based on The Worldwide Threat Assessment (March

12, 2013)

The United States Geological Survey: GTOPO30; and the United

States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: ETOPO1

Fig. Ⅰ-2-3-1 Major Terrorist Groups Based in Africa and the Middle East Regions

Fig. Ⅰ-2-4-1 List of Presently Progressing Peacekeeping Operations

Notes: According to the United Nations (as of the end of May 2013)

Africa

Mission Date Established





United Nations Mission for the Referendum in

Western Sahara (MINURSO) Apr 1991

United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) Sep 2003

United Nations Operation in Côte d’lvoire

(UNOCI) Apr 2004

African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation

in Darfur (UNAMID) Jul 2007

United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)

Jul 2010

United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei

(UNISFA) Jun 2011

United Nations Mission in the Republic of

South Sudan (UNMISS) Jul 2011

Middle East

United Nations Truce Supervision Organization

(UNTSO) May 1948

United Nations Disengagement Observer

Force (UNDOF) Jun 1974

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

(UNIFIL) Mar 1978

Asia

United Nations Military Observer Group in India

and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) Jan 1949

Europe/CIS

United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus

(UNFICYP) Mar 1964

United Nations Interim Administration Mission

in Kosovo (UNMIK) Jun 1999

The Americas

United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti

(MINUSTAH) Jun 2004

United Nations Multidimensional Integrated

Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) Apr 2013