fig. 11-co, p. 297. fig. 11-1a, p. 299 fig. 11-1b, p. 299
TRANSCRIPT
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Fig. 11-CO, p. 297
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Fig. 11-1a, p. 299
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Fig. 11-1b, p. 299
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Fig. 11-2a, p. 300
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Fig. 11-2b, p. 300
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Fig. 11-2c, p. 300
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Fig. 11-2c, p. 300
Motion due to inertia
Combined effect
Motion due to gravity
c
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Fig. 11-3, p. 300
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Fig. 11-3, p. 300
1,650 km (1,023 mi)
Earth’s mass is 81 times the mass of the moon Moon
(81/82) r
(1/82) r Average Earth–moon distance (r)
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Fig. 11-4, p. 300
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Fig. 11-4, p. 300
Moon
Moon attracts ocean
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Fig. 11-4, p. 300
Center of mass
Moon
Moon attracts ocean
Earth’s motion creates opposing bulge
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Fig. 11-4, p. 300
Moon
Combined result
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Fig. 11-5, p. 301
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Fig. 11-5, p. 301
Inertia (sometimes called centrifugal “force”): The same for all particles in and on Earth.
Bulge opposite moon
Gravitational attraction: Decreases as the square of the distance from the moon.
4 1
CEMoon
Forces are balanced here
Bulge toward moon
3 2 Tractive forces: Net force when effects of inertia and gravitational attraction are combined. They create two bulges in the ocean: one in the direction of the moon, the other opposite.
The two forces that can move the ocean—inertia and gravitational attraction—are precisely equal in strength but opposite in direction, and thus balanced, only at the center of Earth (point CE ).
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Fig. 11-6, p. 301
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Fig. 11-6, p. 301
Water bulge resulting from inertia (centrifugal “force”)
North Pole
Moon
Water bulge resulting from gravitational attraction
South Pole
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Fig. 11-7a, p. 302
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Fig. 11-7a, p. 302
1226 (about noon), Island exposed
1838 (6:38 P.M.) Island submerged
0613 (6:13 A.M.) Island submerged
Moon
Inertia bulge Earth turns eastward
Gravity bulge
0000 (midnight), Island high and dry
North Pole
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Fig. 11-7b, p. 302
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Fig. 11-7b, p. 302
High tide
Average sea level
Low tide
0000 0613 1226 1838
Time of day
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Fig. 11-8, p. 303
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Fig. 11-8, p. 303
The moon moves this much in 8 hours . . .
. . . and this much in 24 hours
Moon
Earth
North x
PoleTidal
bulges
Noon 8:00 P.M. 4:00 A.M. Noon 12:50 P.M. on Day 2
8 hours 8 hours 8 hours 50 minStart 1 Solar
day1 Lunar
day
North x
Pole
North x
Pole
North x
Pole
North x
PoleRo
tati
on
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Fig. 11-8, p. 303
The moon moves this much in 8 hours . . .
. . . and this much in 24 hours
North x
Pole
8:00 P.M.
8 hours
North x
Pole
12:50 P.M. on Day 2
50 min
1 Lunar day
Start
North x
Pole
Moon
Earth
Tidal bulges
Noon
Ro
tati
on
Stepped Art
North x
Pole
4:00 A.M.
8 hours
North x
Pole
Noon
1 Solar day
8 hours
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Fig. 11-9, p. 303
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Fig. 11-9, p. 303
N
Moon
S
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Fig. 11-10, p. 303
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Fig. 11-10, p. 303
Island partly submerged (lower high tide)
North Pole
Island submerged (higher high tide)
Moon
Island exposed (low tide)
Earth turns eastward
Equator
South Pole
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Fig. 11-11a, p. 304
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Fig. 11-11a, p. 304
Lunar tide Solar tide
SunFull moon
New moon
Spring tides Earth turns
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Fig. 11-11b, p. 304
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Fig. 11-11b, p. 304
First-quarter moon
Lunar tide
Solar tide
Earth turns Sun
Third-quarter moonNeap tides
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Fig. 11-12, p. 305
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Fig. 11-13, p. 306
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Fig. 11-13, p. 306
Semidiurnal tidesDiurnal tidesMixed tides
d
(ft) Mixed tide, Los Angeles Diurnal tide, Mobile, Alabama Semidiurnal tide, Cape Cod (m)14 Higher high tide 410 Lower high tide 6 High tide 2
High tide 3
4 10 0
–4Low tide
–1
0 612 18 24 30 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 a Time (hr) b Time (hr) c Time (hr)
Lower low tide
Higher low tide Low tide
484236
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Fig. 11-14, p. 307
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Fig. 11-14, p. 307
N
AP
Tidal crest enters basin, trends toward right side (in Northern Hemisphere) due to Coriolis effect.AP = amphidromic point
a
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Fig. 11-14, p. 307
High tide
b
AP = amphidromic point
N
AP
Rising tide
Low tide
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Fig. 11-14, p. 307
High tide
Rising tide
AP
c
AP = amphidromic point
N
Falling tide
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Fig. 11-14, p. 307
Falling tide
Low tide
High tide
d
AP = amphidromic point
N
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Fig. 11-15, p. 308
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Fig. 11-16a, p. 308
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Fig. 11-16a, p. 308
6 hr
8 hr 4 hr
10 hr 2 hr
0 hr 0 hr
Open ocean
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Fig. 11-16b, p. 308
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Fig. 11-16b, p. 308
Québec
4 hr
6 hr 2 hr
6 hr Newfoundland4 hr
2 m
8 hr1 m
0 hr0 hr
New Brunswick
10 hrCape Breton
Island
Nova Scotia
0 100 200 km
Bay o
f Fundy
1 100 mi
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Fig. 11-17a, p. 309
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Fig. 11-17a, p. 309
Open ocean
2 hr 4 hr
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Fig. 11-17b, p. 309
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Fig. 11-17b, p. 309
New Brunswick
10 mSt. John
3.5 hr
10 m3 hr 7.5 m 4 hr
5 m 15 m4.5 hr
Nova Scotia
0 50 100 km
10 50 mi
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Fig. 11-18a, p. 309
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Fig. 11-18b, p. 309
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Fig. 11-19, p. 311
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Fig. 11-20, p. 312